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Zhang JJ, Mao-Mao, Shao MM, Wang MC. Therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155535. [PMID: 38537442 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease caused by pulmonary vascular remodeling, with a high incidence and mortality. At present, many clinical drugs for treating PAH mainly exert effects by relaxing the pulmonary artery, with limited therapeutic effects, so the search for viable therapeutic agents continues uninterrupted. In recent years, natural flavonoids have shown promising potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to comprehensively elucidate the potential of natural flavonoids to combat PAH. PURPOSE To evaluate the potential of natural flavonoids to hinder or slow down the occurrence and development of PAH, and to identify promising drug discovery candidates. METHODS Literature was collected from PubMed, Science Direct, Web of science, CNKI databases and Google scholar. The search terms used included "pulmonary arterial hypertension", "pulmonary hypertension", "natural products", "natural flavonoids", "traditional chinese medicine", etc., and several combinations of these keywords. RESULTS The resources, structural characteristics, mechanisms, potential and prospect strategies of natural flavonoids for treating PAH were summarized. Natural flavonoids offer different solutions as possible treatments for PAH. These mechanisms may involve various pathways and molecular targets related to the pathogenesis of PAH, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, genetic, ion channels, cell proliferation and autophagy. In addition, prospect strategies of natural flavonoids for anti-PAH including structural modification and nanomaterial delivery systems have been explored. This review suggests that the potential of natural flavonoids as alternative therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of PAH holds promise for future research and clinical applications. CONCLUSION Despite displaying the enormous potential of flavonoids in PAH, some limitations need to be further explored. Firstly, using advanced drug discovery tools, including computer-aided design and high-throughput screening, to further investigate the safety, biological activity, and precise mechanism of action of flavonoids. Secondly, exploring the structural modifications of these compounds is expected to optimize their efficacy. Lastly, it is necessary to conduct well controlled clinical trials and a comprehensive evaluation of potential side effects to determine their effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Mao-Mao
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Min-Min Shao
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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2
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Yu X. Promising Therapeutic Treatments for Cardiac Fibrosis: Herbal Plants and Their Extracts. Cardiol Ther 2023; 12:415-443. [PMID: 37247171 PMCID: PMC10423196 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-023-00319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is closely associated with multiple heart diseases, which are a prominent health issue in the global world. Neurohormones and cytokines play indispensable roles in cardiac fibrosis. Many signaling pathways participate in cardiac fibrosis as well. Cardiac fibrosis is due to impaired degradation of collagen and impaired fibroblast activation, and collagen accumulation results in increasing heart stiffness and inharmonious activity, leading to structure alterations and finally cardiac function decline. Herbal plants have been applied in traditional medicines for thousands of years. Because of their naturality, they have attracted much attention for use in resisting cardiac fibrosis in recent years. This review sheds light on several extracts from herbal plants, which are promising therapeutics for reversing cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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3
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Li Y, Fu Y, Liu Y, Zhao D, Liu L, Bourouis S, Algarni AD, Zhong C, Wu P. An optimized machine learning method for predicting wogonin therapy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107293. [PMID: 37591162 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Human health is at risk from pulmonary hypertension (PH), characterized by decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and constriction of the pulmonary vessels, resulting in right heart failure and dysfunction. Thus, preventing PH and monitoring its progression before treating it is vital. Wogonin, derived from the leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibits remarkable pharmacological activity. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of wogonin in mitigating the progression of PH in mice using right heart catheterization and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. As an alternative to minimize the possibility of harming small animals, we present a scientifically effective feature selection method (BSCDWOA-KELM) that will allow us to develop a novel simpler noninvasive prediction method for wogonin in treating PH. In this method, we use the proposed enhanced whale optimizer (SCDWOA) in conjunction with the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM). Initially, we let SCDWOA perform global optimization experiments on the IEEE CEC2014 benchmark function set to verify its core advantages. Lastly, 12 public and PH datasets are examined for feature selection experiments using BSCDWOA-KELM. As shown in the experimental results for global optimization, the proposed SCDWOA has better convergence performance. Meanwhile, the proposed binary SCDWOA (BSCDWOA) significantly improves the ability of KELM to classify data. By utilizing the BSCDWOA-KELM, key indicators such as the Red blood cell (RBC), the Haemoglobin (HGB), the Lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), the Hematocrit (HCT), and the Red blood cell distribution width-size distribution (RDW-SD) can be efficiently screened in the Pulmonary hypertension dataset, and one of its most essential points is its accuracy of greater than 0.98. Consequently, the BSCDWOA-KELM introduced in this study can be used to predict wogonin therapy for treating pulmonary hypertension in a simple and noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, China.
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yining Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Sami Bourouis
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer D Algarni
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chuyue Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Peiliang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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4
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Gu C, Yang Z, Su S, Ma K, Nan X, Li Z, Lu D. 4-Terpineol attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling via suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 473:116596. [PMID: 37328117 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hyperproliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a pivotal role in pulmonary arterial remodeling (PAR) of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). 4-Terpineol is a constituent of Myristic fragrant volatile oil in Santan Sumtang. Our previous study found that Myristic fragrant volatile oil alleviated PAR in HPH rats. However, the effect and pharmacological mechanism of 4-terpineol in HPH rats remain unexplored. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia chamber (simulated altitudes of 4500 m) for 4 weeks to establish an HPH model in this study. During this period, rats were intragastrically administrated with 4-terpineol or sildenafil. After that, hemodynamic indexes and histopathological changes were assessed. Moreover, a hypoxia-induced cellular proliferative model was established by exposing PASMCs to 3% O2. PASMCs were pretreated with 4-terpineol or LY294002 to explore whether 4-terpineol targeted PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The PI3K/Akt-related proteins expression was also accessed in lung tissues of HPH rats. We found that 4-terpineol attenuated mPAP and PAR in HPH rats. Then, cellular experiments showed 4-terpineol inhibited hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via down-regulating PI3K/Akt expression. Furthermore, 4-terpineol decreased the p-Akt, p-p38, and p-GSK-3β protein expression, as well as reduced the PCNA, CDK4, Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1 protein levels, while increasing levels of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and p27kip1in lung tissues of HPH rats. Our results suggested that 4-terpineol mitigated PAR in HPH rats by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apoptosis of PASMCs through suppression of the PI3K/Akt-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunlin Gu
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810003, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China; Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Sichuan, Chengdu 610086, China.
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5
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Zeng Z, Wang X, Cui L, Wang H, Guo J, Chen Y. Natural Products for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanism, Progress, and Future Opportunities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2351-2371. [PMID: 36975522 PMCID: PMC10047369 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lethal disease due to the remodeling of pulmonary vessels. Its pathophysiological characteristics include increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and death. The pathological mechanism of PH is complex and includes inflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction/diastolic imbalance, genetic factors, and ion channel abnormalities. Currently, many clinical drugs for the treatment of PH mainly play their role by relaxing pulmonary arteries, and the treatment effect is limited. Recent studies have shown that various natural products have unique therapeutic advantages for PH with complex pathological mechanisms owing to their multitarget characteristics and low toxicity. This review summarizes the main natural products and their pharmacological mechanisms in PH treatment to provide a useful reference for future research and development of new anti-PH drugs and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuomei Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lidan Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yucai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Y.C.)
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6
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Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020366. [PMID: 36836600 PMCID: PMC9967990 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the critical structural alteration and pathological feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and involves changes in the intima, media and adventitia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling consists of the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the middle membranous pulmonary artery, as well as complex interactions involving external layer pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and other factors in the vascular wall are influenced by different mechanisms that likely act in concert to drive disease progression. This article reviews these pathological changes and highlights some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the remodeling process.
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7
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Wang D, Li Y. Pharmacological effects of baicalin in lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188202. [PMID: 37168996 PMCID: PMC10164968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids baicalin and baicalein were discovered in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and are primarily used in traditional Chinese medicine, herbal supplements and healthcare. Recently, accumulated investigations have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of baicalin in treating various lung diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and antiviral effects. In this review, the PubMed database and ClinicalTrials website were searched with the search string "baicalin" and "lung" for articles published between September 1970 and March 2023. We summarized the therapeutic role that baicalin plays in a variety of lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary infections, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. We also discussed the underlying mechanisms of baicalin targeting in these lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoning Wang
- Chengdu Hi-tech Nanxili Jiuzheng Clinic, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Chengdu Hi-tech Nanxili Jiuzheng Clinic, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li, /
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8
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Cai G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li S, Cheng Y, Huang X. Comparison of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rat models caused by different hypoxia protocols. Exp Lung Res 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2148016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gexiang Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinghong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shini Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yushan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Qingda granule alleviate angiotensin ⅱ-induced hypertensive renal injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation through NOX1 and NF-κB pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives of baicalin and baicalein on pulmonary hypertension: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113191. [PMID: 35643068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic and fatal disease, for which new therapeutic drugs and approaches are needed urgently. Baicalein and baicalin, the active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. Numerous studies involving in vitro and in vivo models of PH have revealed that the treatment with baicalin and baicalein may be effective. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms driving the beneficial effects of baicalin and baicalein treatment on PH, including anti-inflammatory response, inhibition of pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, stabilization of the extracellular matrix, and mitigation of oxidative stress. The pharmacokinetics of these compounds have also been reviewed. The therapeutic potential of baicalin and baicalein warrants their continued study as natural treatments for PH.
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11
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Beyazal Çeliker F, Tümkaya L, Suzan ZT, Topcu A, Mercantepe T, Çinar S, Yazici ZA, Yılmaz A. Effects of gadodiamide and gadoteric acid on lung tissue: A comparative study. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23133. [PMID: 35686328 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We set out to investigate the effects of gadodiamide and gadoteric acid, used for magnetic resonance imaging, on the lungs. In this study, 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were used. These were allocated into four groups; The first group (control) was untreated. The second group received isotonic saline on the first and fourth days of the week for 5 weeks. Following the same schedule, the third and fourth groups received a total of 2 mg/kg gadodiamide and gadoteric acid, respectively, in place of saline. The alveolar Wall thickness was evaluated. Gadodiamide and gadoteric acid significantly increased the numbers of collagen-3 and caspase-3 positive cells in the lung tissue (p < 0.05). In addition, these two substances increased the alveolar Wall thickness (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they increased the levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that both linear and macrocyclic contrast agents are toxic for the lungs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Beyazal Çeliker
- Departments of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Zehra T Suzan
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Atilla Topcu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Seda Çinar
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Zihni A Yazici
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yılmaz
- Departments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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12
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ADAM and ADAMTS disintegrin and metalloproteinases as major factors and molecular targets in vascular malfunction and disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:255-363. [PMID: 35659374 PMCID: PMC9231755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) are two closely related families of proteolytic enzymes. ADAMs are largely membrane-bound enzymes that act as molecular scissors or sheddases of membrane-bound proteins, growth factors, cytokines, receptors and ligands, whereas ADAMTS are mainly secreted enzymes. ADAMs have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain. Similarly, ADAMTS family members have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domain, but instead of a transmembrane domain they have thrombospondin motifs. Most ADAMs and ADAMTS are activated by pro-protein convertases, and can be regulated by G-protein coupled receptor agonists, Ca2+ ionophores and protein kinase C. Activated ADAMs and ADAMTS participate in numerous vascular processes including angiogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, vascular cell apoptosis, cell survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. ADAMs and ADAMTS also play a role in vascular malfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular aneurysm. Decreased ADAMTS13 is involved in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and microangiopathies. The activity of ADAMs and ADAMTS can be regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and other synthetic small molecule inhibitors. ADAMs and ADAMTS can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease, and modulators of ADAMs and ADAMTS activity may provide potential new approaches for the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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13
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Xue Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu Z, Fan G, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yang J. Traditional Herbal Medicine Discovery for the Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720873. [PMID: 34899290 PMCID: PMC8660120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that may subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Although there are currently both non-pharmacological (lung transplantation, etc.) and pharmacological (Sildenafil, Bosentan, and new oral drugs on trial) therapies available, PAH remains a serious and fatal pulmonary disease. As a unique medical treatment, traditional herbal medicine (THM) treatment has gradually exerted its advantages in treating PAH worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of THM were deciphered, including suppression of proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, controlling the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating vasoconstriction and ion channels. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently studied compound THM, single herbal preparations, and multiple active components from THM are comprehensively summarized, as well as their related mechanisms on several classical preclinical PAH models. It is worth mentioning that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium and tetramethylpyrazine are under clinical trials and are considered the most promoting medicines for PAH treatment. Last, reverse pharmacology, a strategy to discover THM or THM-derived components, has also been proposed here for PAH. This review discusses the current state of THM, their working mechanisms against PAH, and prospects of reverse pharmacology, which are expected to facilitate the natural anti-PAH medicine discovery and development and its bench-to-bedside transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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14
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Huang Y, Wu J, Chen X, Tong D, Zhou J, Wu F, Zhang H, Yang Y, Ma G, Du A. A Zinc Metalloprotease nas-33 Is Required for Molting and Survival in Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695003. [PMID: 34327203 PMCID: PMC8313830 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting is of great importance for the survival and development of nematodes. Nematode astacins (NAS), a large family of zinc metalloproteases, have been proposed as novel anthelmintic targets due to their multiple roles in biological processes of parasitic nematodes. In this study, we report a well conserved nas-33 gene in nematodes of clade V and elucidate how this gene is involved in the molting process of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. A predominant transcription of nas-33 is detected in the larval stages of these worms, particularly in the molting process. Knockdown of this gene results in marked molecular changes of genes involved in cuticle synthesis and ecdysis, compromised shedding of the old cuticle, and reduced worm viability in H. contortus. The crucial role of nas-33 in molting is closely associated with a G protein beta subunit (GPB-1). Suppression of both nas-33 and gpb-1 blocks shedding of the old cuticle, compromises the connection between the cuticle and hypodermis, and leads to an increased number of sick and dead worms, indicating essentiality of this module in nematode development and survival. These findings reveal the functional role of nas-33 in nematode molting process and identify astacins as novel anthelmintic targets for parasitic nematodes of socioeconomic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqiu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danni Tong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangxu Ma
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aifang Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Wang J, Li H, Xia T, Feng J, Zhou R. Pulmonary arterial hypertension and flavonoids: A role in treatment. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:115-124. [PMID: 34169916 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_25_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a high mortality progressive pulmonary vascular disease that can lead to right heart failure. The use of clinical drugs for the treatment of PAH is limited to a great extent because of its single target and high price. Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature, and have been found in fruits, vegetables, and traditional Chinese medicine. They have diverse biological activities and various pharmacological effects such as antitumor, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory. This review summarizes the progress in pharmacodynamics and mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of PAH in recent years, in order to provide some theoretical references for relevant researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hailong Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education; Ningxia Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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16
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Liu Y, Xiong M, Zhou F, Shi N, Jia Y. Effect of baicalin on gestational hypertension-induced vascular endothelial cell damage. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520934288. [PMID: 33081553 PMCID: PMC7588769 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520934288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Baicalin is a compound extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Studies have shown that baicalin has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, but whether baicalin could alleviate ascular endothelial cell damage in pregnancy-induced hypertensive patients remains unknown. Materials and methods We established a hypertensive pregnant rat model to study vascular endothelial injury during pregnancy-induced hypertension. Plasma epoprostenol (PGI-2), thromboxane A2 (Txa-2), β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), and estrogen levels in rats were detected using ELISA. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression were detected using western blotting and quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Results Results showed that baicalin alleviated symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension. CRP, Txa-2, and β-HCG expression were significantly upregulated, while VEGF, eNOS, PGI-2, and estrogen expression was decreased in plasma and placental tissues of hypertensive rats. However, the levels of these injury indicators were significantly decreased after baicalin therapy, while the expression of protective indicators was significantly increased. Conclusion Baicalin reversed vascular endothelial cell injury in pregnant hypertensive rats by promoting VEGF, eNOS, PGI-2, and estrogen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xiong
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Shi
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Jia
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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17
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Honda Y, Kosugi K, Fuchikami C, Kuramoto K, Numakura Y, Kuwano K. The selective PGI2 receptor agonist selexipag ameliorates Sugen 5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240692. [PMID: 33057388 PMCID: PMC7561119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure due to an increase in vessel tone and occlusion of vessels. The endogenous vasodilator prostacyclin and its analogs are used as therapeutic agents for PAH. However, their pharmacological effects on occlusive vascular remodeling have not been elucidated yet. Selexipag is a recently approved, orally available and selective prostacyclin receptor agonist with a non-prostanoid structure. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of selexipag on the pathology of chronic severe PAH in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rat models in which PAH was induced by a combination of injection with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist Sugen 5416 and exposure to hypoxia (SuHx). Oral administration of selexipag for three weeks significantly improved right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley SuHx rats. Selexipag attenuated the proportion of lung vessels with occlusive lesions and the medial wall thickness of lung arteries, corresponding to decreased numbers of Ki-67-positive cells and a reduced expression of collagen type 1 in remodeled vessels. Administration of selexipag to Fischer rats with SuHx-induced PAH reduced RV hypertrophy and mortality caused by RV failure. These effects were probably based on the potent prostacyclin receptor agonistic effect of selexipag on pulmonary vessels. Selexipag has been approved and is used in the clinical treatment of PAH worldwide. It is thought that these beneficial effects of prostacyclin receptor agonists on multiple aspects of PAH pathology contribute to the clinical outcomes in patients with PAH.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/therapeutic use
- Acetamides/pharmacology
- Acetamides/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Indoles
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/complications
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/etiology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Pyrazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrroles
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/agonists
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Systole/drug effects
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Honda
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Keiji Kosugi
- R&D Administration Division, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiaki Fuchikami
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuramoto
- R&D Administration Division, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Numakura
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kuwano
- R&D Administration Division, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Stanko P, Baka T, Repova K, Aziriova S, Krajcirovicova K, Barta A, Janega P, Adamcova M, Paulis L, Simko F. Ivabradine Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis in L-NAME-Induced Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:325. [PMID: 32754607 PMCID: PMC7365878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-induced renal injury is characterized by structural kidney alterations and function deterioration. Therapeutics for kidney protection are limited, thus novel renoprotectives in hypertension are being continuously sought out. Ivabradine, an inhibitor of the If current in the sinoatrial node reducing heart rate (HR), was shown to be of benefit in various cardiovascular pathologies. Yet, data regarding potential renoprotection by ivabradine in hypertension are sparse. Thirty-six adult male Wistar rats were divided into non-diseased controls and rats with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension to assess ivabradine's site-specific effect on kidney fibrosis. After 4 weeks of treatment, L-NAME increased the average systolic blood pressure (SBP) (by 27%), decreased glomerular density (by 28%) and increased glomerular tuft area (by 44%). Moreover, L-NAME induced glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular/perivascular fibrosis by enhancing type I collagen volume (16-, 19- and 25-fold, respectively). L-NAME also increased the glomerular type IV collagen volume and the tubular injury score (3- and 8-fold, respectively). Ivabradine decreased average SBP and HR (by 8 and 12%, respectively), increased glomerular density (by 57%) and reduced glomerular tuft area (by 30%). Importantly, ivabradine decreased type I collagen volume at all three of the investigated sites (by 33, 38, and 72%, respectively) and enhanced vascular/perivascular type III collagen volume (by 67%). Furthermore, ivabradine decreased the glomerular type IV collagen volume and the tubular injury score (by 63 and 34%, respectively). We conclude that ivabradine attenuated the alterations of glomerular density and tuft area and modified renal fibrosis in a site-specific manner in L-NAME-hypertension. It is suggested that ivabradine may be renoprotective in hypertensive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stanko
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Baka
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Repova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Aziriova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Krajcirovicova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Barta
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Janega
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Adamcova
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ludovit Paulis
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fedor Simko
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Aneva IY, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:145. [PMID: 32226378 PMCID: PMC7080987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease that is associated with pulmonary arteries remodeling, right ventricle hypertrophy, right ventricular failure and finally death. The present study aims to review the medicinal plants and phytochemicals used for PH treatment in the period of 1994 – 2019. Methods PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus were searched based on pulmonary hypertension, plant and phytochemical keywords from August 23, 2019. All articles that matched the study based on title and abstract were collected, non-English, repetitive and review studies were excluded. Results Finally 41 studies remained from a total of 1290. The results show that many chemical treatments considered to this disease are ineffective in the long period because they have a controlling role, not a therapeutic one. On the other hand, plants and phytochemicals could be more effective due to their action on many mechanisms that cause the progression of PH. Conclusion Studies have shown that herbs and phytochemicals used to treat PH do their effects from six mechanisms. These mechanisms include antiproliferative, antioxidant, antivascular remodeling, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and apoptosis inducing actions. According to the present study, many of these medicinal plants and phytochemicals can have effects that are more therapeutic than chemical drugs if used appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ina Yosifova Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Chen J, Zhang H, Yu W, Chen L, Wang Z, Zhang T. Expression of pulmonary arterial elastin in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension using H2S. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:383-387. [PMID: 32160810 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1738482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Object: This study analyses the changes of pulmonary arterial elastin expression inhibited by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.Method: The research used 30 healthy rats and randomly divided them into control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia + sodium hydrosulfide group. Each group contains 10 samples. The right catheterization was selected to measure the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP). The RV/LV + S ratio was calculated through separating the right ventricle and the left ventricle plus the interventricular septum. Optical microscopy was used to observe the changes of pulmonary vascular structure. The research used immunohistochemistry to express the levels of elastin and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β).Results: The ratios of Mpap and RV/LV + S in the hypoxic group exceed the control group. The hypoxia + sodium hydrosulfide group (hypoxia + NaHS) is lower than the hypoxic group. In the hypoxic group, the elastic expressions of medium and small pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells exceed the control group. The expression of elastin in hypoxic + NaHS medium and small pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is lower than that of the control group.The protein expression levels of α-SM-actin in muscle arterial smooth muscle of pulmonary arterioles in hypoxic group, control group and hypoxic + NaHS group were 49.84% + 6.27%, 56.84% + 6.38%, 23.82% + 3.84%, 27.51% + 3.24%, 29.00% + 4.05%, 34.72% + 3.38%.Conclusion: Hydrogen sulfide in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension can inhibit the expression of elastin in its extracellular matrix, which also has remarkable regulation function in forming HPH and remodeling hypoxic pulmonary vascular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Jinan No.1 people's Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wancheng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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21
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Szostak J, Titz B, Schlage WK, Guedj E, Sewer A, Phillips B, Leroy P, Buettner A, Neau L, Trivedi K, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Structural, functional, and molecular impact on the cardiovascular system in ApoE -/- mice exposed to aerosol from candidate modified risk tobacco products, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product 1.2 and Tobacco Heating System 2.2, compared with cigarette smoke. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108887. [PMID: 31705857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the molecular, structural, and functional impact of aerosols from candidate modified risk tobacco products (cMRTP), the Carbon Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP) 1.2 and Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2, compared with that of mainstream cigarette smoke (CS) on the cardiovascular system of ApoE-/- mice. METHODS Female ApoE-/- mice were exposed to aerosols from THS 2.2 and CHTP 1.2 or to CS from the 3R4F reference cigarette for up to 6 months at matching nicotine concentrations. A Cessation and a Switching group (3 months exposure to 3R4F CS followed by filtered air or CHTP 1.2 for 3 months) were included. Cardiovascular effects were investigated by echocardiographic, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and transcriptomics analyses. RESULTS Continuous exposure to cMRTP aerosols did not affect atherosclerosis progression, heart function, left ventricular (LV) structure, or the cardiovascular transcriptome. Exposure to 3R4F CS triggered atherosclerosis progression, reduced systolic ejection fraction and fractional shortening, caused heart LV hypertrophy, and initiated significant dysregulation in the transcriptomes of the heart ventricle and thoracic aorta. Importantly, the structural, functional, and molecular changes caused by 3R4F CS were improved in the smoking cessation and switching groups. CONCLUSION Exposure to cMRTP aerosols lacked most of the CS exposure-related functional, structural, and molecular effects. Smoking cessation or switching to CHTP 1.2 aerosol caused similar recovery from the 3R4F CS effects in the ApoE-/- model, with no further acceleration of plaque progression beyond the aging-related rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Blaine Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore.
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Laurent Neau
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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22
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Wang X, Lin L, Chai X, Wu Y, Li Y, Liu X. Hypoxic mast cells accelerate the proliferation, collagen accumulation and phenotypic alteration of human lung fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:175-185. [PMID: 31746371 PMCID: PMC6889934 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling and fibrosis are the critical pathological characteristics of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Our previous study demonstrated that hypoxia is involved in the functional alteration of lung fibroblasts, but the underlying mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mast cells on the proliferation, function and phenotype of fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia facilitated proliferation and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑6, in human mast cells (HMC‑1). RNA sequencing identified 2,077 upregulated and 2,418 downregulated mRNAs in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL‑1) cultured in hypoxic conditioned medium from HMC‑1 cells compared with normoxic controls, which are involved in various pathways, including extracellular matrix organization, cell proliferation and migration. Conditioned medium from hypoxic HMC‑1 cells increased the proliferation and migration capacity of HFL‑1 and triggered phenotypic transition from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. A greater accumulation of collagen type I and III was also observed in an HFL‑1 cell culture in hypoxic conditioned medium from HMC‑1 cells, compared with HFL‑1 cells cultured in normoxic control medium. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 and MMP‑13 was upregulated in HFL‑1 cells grown in hypoxic conditioned medium from HMC‑1 cells. Similar pathological phenomena, including accumulation of mast cells, activated collagen metabolism and vascular remodeling, were observed in a hypoxic rat model. The results of the present study provide direct evidence that the multiple effects of the hypoxic microenvironment and mast cells on fibroblasts contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling, and this process appears to be among the most important mechanisms underlying hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinmin Liu
- Correspondence to: Professor Xinmin Liu, Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, P.R. China, E-mail:
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23
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Sarioglu N, Erel F, Hismioğullari AA, Cevik C. Association between the ADAMTS proteinases and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2019; 24:835-840. [PMID: 31420786 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type-1 motifs (ADAMTS) proteinases have important roles in degradation/repairing of extracellular matrix (ECM). They are thought to play a key role in pathogenesis of many diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between ADAMTS 2, 3, and 14 (procollagen) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Eighty-six individuals who were suspected of OSA were included. All cases underwent polysomnography. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): control (n = 22), mild-to-moderate OSA (n = 36), and severe OSA (n = 28). ADAMTS proteinases 2, 3, and 14 were analyzed in serum samples. RESULTS When compared with other groups, patients with severe OSA showed significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001), whereas they showed significantly lower ADAMTS 3 levels (p = 0.016). No difference was found between groups with respect to the levels ADAMTS 2 and 14. There was a negative relation between the levels of ADAMTS 3 and the severity of OSA (Kendall's tau = - 0.19, p = 0.021). The levels of ADAMTS 3 were also found to be positively correlated with minimum SpO2 (r = 0.31, p = 0.004) and negatively correlated with BMI, AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), time duration with oxygen saturation < 90% (T90), and CRP (r = - 0.31 to - 0.49, p < 0.05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that BMI (p = 0.013) and CRP levels (p = 0.005) were significantly associated with the levels of ADAMTS 3. CONCLUSIONS ADAMTS 3, one of the procollagen proteinases, was decreased in severe OSA. Lack of ADAMTS 3 proteinase may contribute to process of sleep apnea due to insufficient collagen syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Sarioglu
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.
| | - Fuat Erel
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - A Adil Hismioğullari
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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Armutcu F, Demircan K, Yildirim U, Namuslu M, Yagmurca M, Celik HT. Hypoxia causes important changes of extracellular matrix biomarkers and ADAMTS proteinases in the adriamycin-induced renal fibrosis model. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:863-875. [PMID: 30719800 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Renal fibrosis is a common cause of renal dysfunction with chronic kidney diseases. This process is characterized by excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) or inhibition of ECM degradation. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) proteinases, which are widely presented in mammals, have very critical roles in ECM remodelling. We aimed to study the role of ADAMTS proteinases and some of the ECM markers in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and to investigate the effects of hypoxia on these biomarkers. METHODS In addition to the control group, Adriamycin (ADR) treated rats were divided into four groups as ADR, sham and two hypoxia groups. Renal nephropathy was assessed biochemical assays, pathological and immunohistochemical staining methods. The expression of ADAMTSs and mRNA were determined using Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Renal dysfuntion and tissue damage in favour of ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis were observed in the ADR group. This was approved by remarkable changes in the expression of ADAMTS such as increased ADAMTS-1, -12 and -15. In addition, it was found that hypoxia and duration of hypoxia enhanced markers of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the rat kidney tissues. Also, expression differences especially in ADAMTS-1, -6 and -15 were observed in the hypoxia groups. The variable and different expression patterns of ADAMTS proteinases in the ADR-induced renal fibrosis suggest that ADAMTS family members are involved in the development and progression of fibrosis. CONCLUSION The expression changes of ADAMTS proteinases in kidney and association with hypoxia have potential clues to contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment options of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Armutcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadir Demircan
- Department of Medical Biology, Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umran Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Namuslu
- Department of Biochemistry, Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Yagmurca
- Health Sciences University, Higher Specialization Training and Research Hospital, Histology and Embryology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin T Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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In vitro and in vivo activities of flavonoids – apigenin, baicalin, chrysin, scutellarin – in regulation of hypertension – a review for their possible effects in pregnancy-induced hypertension. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Flavonoids and their conjugates are the most important group of natural chemical compounds in drug discovery and development. The search for pharmacological activity and new mechanisms of activity of these chemical compounds, which may inhibit mediators of inflammation and influence the structure and function of endothelial cells, can be an interesting pharmacological strategy for the prevention and adjunctive treatments of hypertension, especially induced by pregnancy. Because cardiovascular diseases have multi-factorial pathogenesis these natural chemical compounds with wide spectrum of biological activities are the most interesting source of new drugs. Extracts from one of the most popular plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could be a very interesting source of flavonoids because of its exact content in quercetin, apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin as well as in baicalin. These flavonoids exert vasoprotective properties and many activities such as: anti-oxidative via several pathways, anti-in-flammatory, anti-ischaemic, cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive. However, there is lack of summaries of results of studies in context of potential and future application of flavonoids with determined composition and activity. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo pharmacological studies of selected flavonoids (apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin, baicalin) in various models of hypertension carried out in 2008–2018.
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Cai G, Liu J, Wang M, Su L, Cai M, Huang K, Li X, Li M, Wang L, Huang X. Mutual promotion of FGF21 and PPARγ attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:252-261. [PMID: 30714402 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219828692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In this study, we reported for the first time that FGF21 alleviated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension through attenuation of increased pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial remodeling and collagen deposition in vivo, and we confirmed the mutual promotion of FGF21 and PPARγ in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, we found that FGF21 and PPARγ mutually promote each other's expression via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and KLB protein in vitro and in vivo. Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and serious pathological phenomenon with a poor prognosis, and current therapies are highly limited. Our results provide novel insight into potential clinical therapies for pulmonary hypertension and establish the possibility of using this drug combination and potential dosage reductions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gexiang Cai
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Meibin Wang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Lihuang Su
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Mengsi Cai
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Kate Huang
- 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Manxiang Li
- 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
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Huang X, Mao W, Zhang T, Wang M, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang L, Yao D, Cai X, Wang L. Baicalin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by up-regulating A2a receptor via the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:330. [PMID: 30541517 PMCID: PMC6292092 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalin is a flavonoid compound that exerts specific pharmacological effect in attenuating the proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Although our previous studies had indicated that activation of A2aR attenuates CXCR expression, little is known about the relationship between A2aR and SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of A2aR on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in hypoxic PASMCs, the mechanism underlying this effect, and whether baicalin exerts its protective functions though A2aR. Methods Rat PASMCs were cultured under normoxia/hypoxia and divided into nine groups: normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia + AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist), hypoxia + baicalin, hypoxia + negative virus, normoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + A2aR knockdown, hypoxia + CGS21680 (an A2aR agonist), and hypoxia + A2aR knockdown + baicalin. Lentiviral transfection methods were used to establish the A2aR knockdown model in PASMCs. Cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions for 24 h. Expression levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferation and migration rate were observed via CCK-8 and Transwell methods. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and the In-Situ Cell Death Detection kit (Fluorescein). Results Under hypoxic conditions, levels of A2aR, SDF-1, and CXCR4 were significantly increased compared to those under normoxia. The trend of SDF-1 and CXCR4 being inhibited when A2aR is up-regulated was more obvious in the baicalin intervention group. Baicalin directly enhanced A2aR expression, and A2aR knockdown weakened the function of baicalin. SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression levels were increased in the hypoxia + A2aR knockdown group, as were the proliferation and migration rates of PASMCs, while the apoptotic rate was decreased. Baicalin and CGS21680 showed opposite effects. Conclusions Our data indicate that baicalin efficiently attenuates hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance, as well as SDF-1 secretion, by up-regulating A2aR and down-regulating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Wang T, Li Y, Chen J, Xie L, Xiao T. TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling promotes collagen synthesis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle by down-regulating miR-29b. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5592-5601. [PMID: 31949646 PMCID: PMC6963096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of fibronectin and collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the proliferation, migration, and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) result in pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertrophy and muscularization, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MicroRNA29 (miR-29) is reported to be associated with diseases such as liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis in which collagen synthesis plays an important role. Due to the possible link between PAH and collagen, in this study, we examined the role and therapeutic potential of miR-29b in vitro and in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline (MCT). Results revealed that miR-29b treatment PAH rats showed a lower level of collagen synthesis. Furthermore, in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling negatively regulated the expression of miR-29b, and miR-29b suppressed collagen synthesis by directly targeting collagen I and blocking PI3K/AKT signaling. In addition, TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling promoted collagen synthesis in PASMCs by down-regulating miR-29b. Interestingly, Smad3 decreased the expression of miR-29b by interacting with its promotor. In conclusion, our results revealed that miR-29b plays an important role in collagen synthesis and may be a therapeutic target for PAH when regulated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
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Sainio A, Järveläinen H. Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules as Potential Targets of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 81:209-240. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction Mitigates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Regulating Transforming Growth Factor- β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1576328. [PMID: 29441112 PMCID: PMC5758855 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1576328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction (QXJYD) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in the clinical treatment of hypertension. Earlier studies had shown that QXJYD could inhibit the elevation of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and prevent remodeling of arterial vessels. This study examines the therapeutic efficacy of QXJYD against elevated blood pressure using the SHR model, as well as the mechanisms behind its antihypertensive activity and protection against renal fibrosis. The results showed that QXJYD significantly attenuated the increase in blood pressure in SHRs and mitigated the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. In addition, QXJYD also robustly decreased the excess accumulation of extracellular matrix and attenuated the elevated expression of MMPs. The antihypertensive effects and renal protection of QXJYD were determined to be strongly associated with inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Lu J, Zhong Y, Lin Z, Lin X, Chen Z, Wu X, Wang N, Zhang H, Huang S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Lin S. Baicalin alleviates radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of primary type II alveolar epithelial cells via TGF-β and ERK/GSK3β signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1219-1224. [PMID: 28931214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat thoracic malignancies. However, it may lead to severe lung pneumonitis and ultimately fibrosis. Irradiation has been reported to increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), which play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and ERK/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathways are critically involved in radiation-induced EMT. In the present study, we investigated whether baicalin was a novel therapeutic candidate for radiation-induced EMT in type II AEC. METHODS Primary type II AEC were isolated and treated with 60Co γ-rays and a series doses of baicalin (2μM, 10μM and 50μM). The ultrastructure and morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy, respectively. Protein expression was determined by western blotting analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the nuclear translocation of Snail. RESULTS After irradiation, type II AEC displayed a mesenchymal-like morphology accompanied by a decrease in E-cadherin expression, an increase in the expression of Vimentin and α-SMA. Nuclear translocation of Snail, the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway, and the inactivation of GSK3β were prominent in radiation-treated cells. Baicalin significantly attenuated the effects of radiation on type II AEC. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin may a useful radioprotective agent through suppressing the EMT of type II AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Lu
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Yazhen Zhong
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Zechen Lin
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Xianlei Lin
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Xuping Wu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Haiqiao Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China.
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Baicalin attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension via adenosine A 2A receptor-induced SDF-1/CXCR4/PI3K/AKT signaling. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:52. [PMID: 28774332 PMCID: PMC5543745 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baicalin, an important flavonoid in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, exerts a variety of pharmacological effects. In this study, we explored the effects of baicalin on chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and investigated the mechanism underlying these effects. Moreover, we examined whether the inflammatory response was mediated by the A2A receptor (A2AR) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-induced phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in vivo. Methods We established a hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) mouse model by subjecting wild-type (WT) and A2AR knockout (A2AR−/−) animals to chronic hypoxia, and we examined the effects of a 4-week treatment with baicalin or the A2AR agonist CGS21680 in these animals. Invasive hemodynamic parameters, the right ventricular hypertrophy index, pulmonary congestion, the pulmonary arterial remodeling index, blood gas parameters, A2AR expression, and the expression of SDF-1/CXCR4/PI3K/protein kinase B (PKB; AKT) signaling components were measured. Results Compared with WT mice, A2AR−/− mice exhibited increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricle-to-left ventricle plus septum [RV/(LV + S)] ratio, RV weight-to-body weight (RV/BW) ratio, and lung wet weight-to-body weight (Lung/BW) ratio in the absence of an altered mean carotid arterial pressure (mCAP). These changes were accompanied by increases in pulmonary artery wall area and thickness and reductions in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and hydrogen ion concentration (pH). In the HPH model, A2AR−/− mice displayed increased CXCR4, SDF-1, phospho-PI3K, and phospho-AKT expression compared with WT mice. Treating WT and A2AR−/− HPH mice with baicalin or CGS21680 attenuated the hypoxia-induced increases in RVSP, RV/(LV + S) and Lung/BW, as well as pulmonary arterial remodeling. Additionally, baicalin or CGS21680 alone could reverse the hypoxia-induced increases in CXCR4, SDF-1, phospho-PI3K, and phospho-AKT expression. Moreover, baicalin improved the hypoxemia induced by 4 weeks of hypoxia. Finally, we found that A2AR levels in WT lung tissue were enhanced by hypoxia and that baicalin up-regulated A2AR expression in WT hypoxic mice. Conclusions Baicalin exerts protective effects against clinical HPH, which are partly mediated through enhanced A2AR activity and down-regulated SDF-1/CXCR4-induced PI3K/AKT signaling. Therefore, the A2AR may be a promising target for baicalin in treating HPH.
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Xu J, Han Q, Shi H, Liu W, Chu T, Li H. Role of PKA in the process of neonatal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by urotensin II. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:499-504. [PMID: 28656205 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The model of urotensin II (UII)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has been widely used in studies on hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for UII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy have not yet been fully elucidated. It has been demonstrated that cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by UII is associated with changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In the present study, we investigated whether the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)‑mediated upregulation of the phosphorylation levels of phospholamban (PLN) at Ser16 contributes to UII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. After primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to UII for 48 h, cell size, protein/DNA contents and intracellular Ca2+ levels were detected. Western blot analysis was used to quantify the phosphorylated and total forms of PKA, PLN and the total amount of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2a. UII increased the cell size, the protein/DNA ratio and the intracellular Ca2+ levels, consistent with the characteristics of hypertrophic response. In addition, exposure to UII upregulated the phosphorylation levels of PKA, and the expression levels of its downstream proteins, PLN and SERCA2a. However, treatment with PKA inhibitor (KT-5720) reversed all these effects of UII. On the whole, our results suggest that UII induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the PKA-mediated upregulation of PLN phosphorylation at Ser16, which provides a new experimental foundation for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Linfen People's Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Chen Z, Wang Q. Activation of PPARγ by baicalin attenuates pulmonary hypertension in an infant rat model by suppressing HMGB1/RAGE signaling. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:477-484. [PMID: 28396833 PMCID: PMC5377406 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vascular disease, and proinflammatory factors are strongly implicated in its pathogenesis, causing right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and heart failure. Baicalin exhibits potent anti‐inflammation activity. This study aimed to investigate the curative effects of baicalin in an infant rodent model of PH and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. A PH model in infant rats was induced by hypoxia and the resulting rats were administered baicalin in incremental dosages. Invasive hemodynamic methods were used to measure mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and RV end‐diastolic pressure (RVEDP). RV hypertrophy was assessed by mass pathology and histology. ELISAs were used to determine concentrations of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), interleukin 6 (IL6) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Electrophoretic mobility shift and phosphorylation in nuclear extracts were used to evaluate the activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), HMGB1, RAGE, IL6 and TGFβ1 in lung tissue. Baicalin administration significantly attenuated mPAP, RVEDP and RV hypertrophy in infant rats with PH. HMGB1, sRAGE, IL6 and TGFβ1 levels in BALF were also reduced by baicalin treatment. Baicalin activated PPARγ, which promoted expression of HO1. Furthermore, expression levels of HMGB1, RAGE, IL6 and TGFβ1 in lung tissue were dramatically decreased by baicalin in a dosage‐dependent manner. Baicalin showed curative effects in infant rats with PH. Activation of PPARγ that inhibited HMGB1/RAGE inflammatory signaling was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Chen
- Department of PICU The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Department of PICU The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
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Zheng L, Zhang C, Li L, Hu C, Hu M, Sidikejiang N, Wang X, Lin M, Rong R. Baicalin ameliorates renal fibrosis via inhibition of transforming growth factor β1 production and downstream signal transduction. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1702-1712. [PMID: 28260014 PMCID: PMC5364985 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the potential antifibrotic effects of baicalin in vitro, via examination of 21 compounds isolated from plants. However, its biological activity and underlying mechanisms of action in vivo remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of baicalin on renal fibrosis in vivo, and the potential signaling pathways involved. A unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‑induced renal fibrosis model was established using Sprague‑Dawley rats. Baicalin was administrated intraperitoneally every 2 days for 10 days. The degree of renal damage and fibrosis was investigated by histological assessment, and detection of fibronectin and collagen I mRNA expression levels. Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels and downstream phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3 (Smad2/3) were examined in vivo and in an NRK‑52E rat renal tubular cell line in vitro. Baicalin was demonstrated to markedly ameliorate renal fibrosis and suppress EMT, as evidenced by reduced interstitial collagen accumulation, decreased fibronectin and collagen I mRNA expression levels, upregulation of N‑ and E‑cadherin expression levels, and downregulation of α‑smooth muscle actin and vimentin expression. Furthermore, baicalin decreased TGF‑β1 expression levels in serum and kidney tissue following UUO, and suppressed Smad2/3 phosphorylation in rat kidney tissue. In vitro studies identified that baicalin may inhibit the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 under the same TGF‑β1 concentration. In conclusion, baicalin may protect against renal fibrosis, potentially via inhibition of TGF‑β1 production and its downstream signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mushuang Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Niyazi Sidikejiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuanchuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Miao Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Liao P, Zhu M, Li W, Hu D, Guan S, Chen L. Baicalin Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Myocardial Remodeling in a Chronic Pressure-Overload Mice Model. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:849-864. [DOI: 10.1159/000459708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Baicalin has been shown to be effective for various animal models of cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis and myocardial ischaemic injury. However, whether baicalin plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. Here we investigated the protective effects of baicalin on cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and explored the potential mechanisms involved. Methods: C57BL/6J-mice were treated with baicalin or vehicle following transverse aortic constriction or Sham surgery for up to 8 weeks, and at different time points, cardiac function and heart size measurement and histological and biochemical examination were performed. Results: Mice under pressure overload exhibited cardiac dysfunction, high mortality, myocardial hypertrophy, increased apoptosis and fibrosis markers, and suppressed cardiac expression of PPARα and PPARβ/δ. However, oral administration of baicalin improved cardiac dysfunction, decreased mortality, and attenuated histological and biochemical changes described above. These protective effects of baicalin were associated with reduced heart and cardiomyocyte size, lower fetal genes expression, attenuated cardiac fibrosis, lower expression of profibrotic markers, and decreased apoptosis signals in heart tissue. Moreover, we found that baicalin induced PPARα and PPARβ/δ expression in vivo and in vitro. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that long-term baicalin treatment presented no obvious cardiac lipotoxicity. Conclusions: The present results demonstrated that baicalin attenuates pressure overload induced cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling, which would be due to suppressed cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis and metabolic abnormality.
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Shin JM, Kang JH, Lee SA, Park IH, Lee HM. Baicalin Down-Regulates IL-1β-Stimulated Extracellular Matrix Production in Nasal Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168195. [PMID: 28002421 PMCID: PMC5176301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Baicalin, a Chinese herbal medicine, has anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aims of present study were to investigate the effects of baicalin on the myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, migration, and collagen contraction of interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts and to determine the molecular mechanism of baicalin in nasal fibroblasts. Methods Nasal fibroblasts were isolated from the inferior turbinate of patients. Baicalin was used to treat IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin, phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK), p-Akt, p-p50, p-p65, and p-IκBα were measured by western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT—PCR),or immunofluorescence staining. Fibroblast migration was analyzed with scratch assays and transwell migration assays. Total collagen was evaluated with the Sircol collagen assay. Contractile activity was measured with a collagen gel contraction assay. Results Baicalin (0–50 μM) had no significant cytotoxic effects in nasal fibroblasts. The expression of α–SMA and fibronectin were significantly down-regulated in baicalin-treated nasal fibroblasts. Migration, collagen production, and contraction of IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts were significantly inhibited by baicalin treatment. Baicalin also significantly down-regulated p-MAPK, p-Akt, p-p50, p-p65, and p-IκBα in IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts. Conclusions We showed that baicalin down-regulated myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, migration, and collagen contraction via the MAPK and Akt/ NF-κB pathways in IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoung-Ae Lee
- Institute for Korea University Medical Devices Support Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Korea University Medical Devices Support Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Xu Q, Wu X, Li Y, Kong H, Jin Y, Xie W, Wang H. Iptakalim induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in hypoxic rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:773-779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Huang X, He Y, Chen Y, Wu P, Gui D, Cai H, Chen A, Chen M, Dai C, Yao D, Wang L. Baicalin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via adenosine A2a receptor related TGF-β1-induced ERK1/2 signaling pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:132. [PMID: 27658704 PMCID: PMC5034677 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalin has been reported to have anti-fibrosis effect; however, its mechanism still remains to be elucidated. Adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) is a novel inflammation regulator, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway plays an important role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study was to explore the relationship of A2aR and TGF-β1-induced ERK1/2 in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, and to investigate whether A2aR mediate the anti-fibrosis effect of Baicalin on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The A2aR-/- and A2aR+/+ mice were respectively divided into three groups: control group, model group, baicalin group. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in mice of model groups by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, and baicalin was administered in mice of baicalin groups daily for 28 days. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of lung tissues were evaluated. Lung coefficient and the levels of hydroxyproline (HYP) in lung tissues were measured at the same time. The levels of serum TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA. The expression of TGF-β1, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and A2aR were detected by western blot and immunohistochemical staining techniques. RESULTS Severe lung fibrosis was observed in the bleomycin-treated mice on day 28. The histopathological findings and collagen content of lung tissues were much severer/higher in A2aR-/- mice than in A2aR+/+ mice. We also showed that TGF-β1 and p-ERK1/2 were upregulated in bleomycin-treated mice and expressed higher in A2aR-/- mice compared to A2aR+/+ mice. Besides, bleomycin-treated A2aR+/+ mice had increased A2aR level in lungs. However, long-term treatment with baicalin in A2aR-/- and A2aR+/+ mice significantly ameliorated the histopathological changes in lungs. Moreover, Increased TGF-β1 and p-ERK1/2 expressions in bleomycin-treated A2aR-/- and A2aR+/+ mice were obviously diminished by baicalin. The baicalin-treated A2aR-/- mice had severer lung fibrosis and higher expressions of TGF-β1 and p-ERK1/2 than A2aR+/+ mice. Baicalin has also upregulated the expression of A2aR in A2aR+/+ mice. CONCLUSIONS Genetic inactivation of A2aR exacerbated the pathological processes of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Together, baicalin could inhibit BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by upregulating A2aR, suggesting A2aR as a therapeutic target of baicalin for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Yicheng He
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yanfan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Peiliang Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Di Gui
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Ali Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Mayun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Caijun Dai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Baicalin Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension to Improve Hypoxic Cor Pulmonale by Reducing the Activity of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway and MMP-9. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2546402. [PMID: 27688788 PMCID: PMC5023842 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2546402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has a protective effect on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. Thus, investigating the potential mechanism of this effect was the aim of the present study. Model rats that display hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale under control conditions were successfully generated. We measured a series of indicators to observe the levels of pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary arteriole remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling. We assessed the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the pulmonary arteriole walls and pulmonary tissue homogenates using immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, respectively. The matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 protein and mRNA levels in the pulmonary arteriole walls were measured using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Our results demonstrated that baicalin not only reduced p38 MAPK activation in both the pulmonary arteriole walls and tissue homogenates but also downregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 in the pulmonary arteriole walls. This downregulation was accompanied by the attenuation of pulmonary hypertension, arteriole remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling. These results suggest that baicalin may attenuate pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale, which are induced by chronic hypoxia, by downregulating the p38 MAPK/MMP-9 pathway.
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Xiao F, He F, Chen H, Lin S, Shen A, Chen Y, Chu J, Peng J. Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction Reverses Vascular Remodeling by Inducing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070956. [PMID: 27455221 PMCID: PMC6274417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Qingxuan Jiangya Decoction (QXJYD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula prescribed by academician Ke-ji Chen, has been used in China to clinically treat hypertension for decades of years. However, the molecular mechanisms of its action remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of QXJYD against elevated systolic blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that oral administration of QXJYD significantly reduced the elevation of systolic blood pressure in SHR but had no effect on body weight change. Additionally, QXJYD treatment significantly decreased the media thickness and ratio of media thickness/lumen diameter in the carotid arteries of SHR. Moreover, QXJYD remarkably promoted apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2. Furthermore, QXJYD significantly decreased the plasma Angiotensin II level in SHR. Collectively, our findings suggest that reversing vascular remodeling via inducing VSMC apoptosis could be one of the mechanisms whereby QXJYD treats hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/blood
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Fei He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
- Fuqing Health and Family Planning Bureau, 23 Futang Road, Fuqing 350300, Fujian, China.
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Shan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Youqin Chen
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
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