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Pleskač P, Fargeas CA, Veselska R, Corbeil D, Skoda J. Emerging roles of prominin-1 (CD133) in the dynamics of plasma membrane architecture and cell signaling pathways in health and disease. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:41. [PMID: 38532366 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prominin-1 (CD133) is a cholesterol-binding membrane glycoprotein selectively associated with highly curved and prominent membrane structures. It is widely recognized as an antigenic marker of stem cells and cancer stem cells and is frequently used to isolate them from biological and clinical samples. Recent progress in understanding various aspects of CD133 biology in different cell types has revealed the involvement of CD133 in the architecture and dynamics of plasma membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and cilia, including the release of extracellular vesicles, as well as in various signaling pathways, which may be regulated in part by posttranslational modifications of CD133 and its interactions with a variety of proteins and lipids. Hence, CD133 appears to be a master regulator of cell signaling as its engagement in PI3K/Akt, Src-FAK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK pathways may explain its broad action in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration or intercellular communication. Here, we summarize early studies on CD133, as they are essential to grasp its novel features, and describe recent evidence demonstrating that this unique molecule is involved in membrane dynamics and molecular signaling that affects various facets of tissue homeostasis and cancer development. We hope this review will provide an informative resource for future efforts to elucidate the details of CD133's molecular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pleskač
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Moreno-Londoño AP, Robles-Flores M. Functional Roles of CD133: More than Stemness Associated Factor Regulated by the Microenvironment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:25-51. [PMID: 37922108 PMCID: PMC10799829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
CD133 protein has been one of the most used surface markers to select and identify cancer cells with stem-like features. However, its expression is not restricted to tumoral cells; it is also expressed in differentiated cells and stem/progenitor cells in various normal tissues. CD133 participates in several cellular processes, in part orchestrating signal transduction of essential pathways that frequently are dysregulated in cancer, such as PI3K/Akt signaling and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CD133 expression correlates with enhanced cell self-renewal, migration, invasion, and survival under stress conditions in cancer. Aside from the intrinsic cell mechanisms that regulate CD133 expression in each cellular type, extrinsic factors from the surrounding niche can also impact CD33 levels. The enhanced CD133 expression in cells can confer adaptive advantages by amplifying the activation of a specific signaling pathway in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we do not only describe the CD133 physiological functions known so far, but importantly, we analyze how the microenvironment changes impact the regulation of CD133 functions emphasizing its value as a marker of cell adaptability beyond a cancer-stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Patricia Moreno-Londoño
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Gisina A, Kim Y, Yarygin K, Lupatov A. Can CD133 Be Regarded as a Prognostic Biomarker in Oncology: Pros and Cons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17398. [PMID: 38139228 PMCID: PMC10744290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD133 cell membrane glycoprotein, also termed prominin-1, is expressed on some of the tumor cells of both solid and blood malignancies. The CD133-positive tumor cells were shown to exhibit higher proliferative activity, greater chemo- and radioresistance, and enhanced tumorigenicity compared to their CD133-negative counterparts. For this reason, CD133 is regarded as a potential prognostic biomarker in oncology. The CD133-positive cells are related to the cancer stem cell subpopulation in many types of cancer. Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of CD133 in the regulation of proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis in cancer cells. There is also evidence of its participation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with tumor progression. For a number of malignant tumor types, high CD133 expression is associated with poor prognosis, and the prognostic significance of CD133 has been confirmed in a number of meta-analyses. However, some published papers suggest that CD133 has no prognostic significance or even demonstrate a certain correlation between high CD133 levels and a positive prognosis. This review summarizes and discusses the existing evidence for and against the prognostic significance of CD133 in cancer. We also consider possible reasons for conflicting findings from the studies of the clinical significance of CD133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gisina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Coni P, Piras M, Piludu M, Lachowicz JI, Matteddu A, Coni S, Reali A, Fanos V, Jaremko M, Faa G, Pichiri G. Exploring cell surface markers and cell-cell interactions of human breast milk stem cells. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036221150332. [PMID: 36712902 PMCID: PMC9880586 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221150332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breakthrough studies have shown that pluripotent stem cells are present in human breast milk. The expression of pluripotency markers by breast milk cells is heterogeneous, relating to cellular hierarchy, from early-stage multi-lineage stem cells to fully differentiated mammary epithelial cells, as well as weeks of gestation and days of lactation. Design and methods Here, we qualitatively analyze cell marker expression in freshly isolated human breast milk cells, without any manipulation that could influence protein expression. Moreover, we use electron microscopy to investigate cell-cell networks in breast milk for the first time, providing evidence of active intercellular communication between cells expressing different cellular markers. Results The immunocytochemistry results of human breast milk cells showed positive staining in all samples for CD44, CD45, CD133, and Ki67 markers. Variable positivity was present with P63, Tβ4 and CK14 markers. No immunostaining was detected for Wt1, nestin, Nanog, OCT4, SOX2, CK5, and CD34 markers. Cells isolated from human breast milk form intercellular connections, which together create a cell-to-cell communication network. Conclusions Cells freshly isolated form human breast milk, without particular manipulations, show heterogeneous expression of stemness markers. The studied milk staminal cells show "pluripotency" at different stages of differentiation, and are present as single cells or grouped cells. The adjacent cell interactions are evidenced by electron microscopy, which showed the formation of intercellular connections, numerous contact regions, and thin pseudopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Monica Piras
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Piludu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,Joanna Izabela Lachowicz, Department of
Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella
Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09048, Italy.
| | - Anna Matteddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Coni
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Reali
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di
Cagliari, Terapia Intesiva Neonatale (TIN), P.O. Duilio Casula di Monserrato,
Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences,
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red
Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environ-mental Sciences and
Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),
Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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5
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Corbeil D, Santos MF, Karbanová J, Kurth T, Rappa G, Lorico A. Uptake and Fate of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles: Nucleoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Late Endosomes as a New Gate to Intercellular Communication. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091931. [PMID: 32825578 PMCID: PMC7563309 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) are emerging as new vehicles in intercellular communication, but how the biological information contained in EVs is shared between cells remains elusive. Several mechanisms have been described to explain their release from donor cells and the initial step of their uptake by recipient cells, which triggers a cellular response. Yet, the intracellular routes and subcellular fate of EV content upon internalization remain poorly characterized. This is particularly true for EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids that shuttle to the nucleus of host cells. In this review, we will describe and discuss the release of EVs from donor cells, their uptake by recipient cells, and the fate of their cargoes, focusing on a novel intracellular route wherein small GTPase Rab7+ late endosomes containing endocytosed EVs enter into nuclear envelope invaginations and deliver their cargo components to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. A tripartite protein complex composed of (VAMP)-associated protein A (VAP-A), oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein-3 (ORP3), and Rab7 is essential for the transfer of EV-derived components to the nuclear compartment by orchestrating the particular localization of late endosomes in the nucleoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-(0)351-463-40118 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-3942 (A.L.); Fax: +49-(0)351-463-40244 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-1758 (A.L.)
| | - Mark F. Santos
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.K.)
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and CMCB, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.K.)
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, 874 American Pacific Drive, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; (M.F.S.); (G.R.)
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Via Penninazzo, 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-(0)351-463-40118 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-3942 (A.L.); Fax: +49-(0)351-463-40244 (D.C.); +1-(702)-777-1758 (A.L.)
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6
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Chromenopyrimidinone Controls Stemness and Malignancy by suppressing CD133 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051193. [PMID: 32397206 PMCID: PMC7281429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant human cancer that has increasing mortality rates worldwide. Because CD133+ cells control tumor maintenance and progression, compounds that target CD133+ cancer cells could be effective in combating HCC. We found that the administration of chromenopyrimidinone (CPO) significantly decreased spheroid formation and the number of CD133+ cells in mixed HCC cell populations. CPO not only significantly inhibited cell proliferation in HCC cells exhibiting different CD133 expression levels, but also effectively induced apoptosis and increased the expression of LC3-II in HCC cells. CPO also exhibits in vivo therapeutic efficiency in HCC. Specifically, CPO suppressed the expression of CD133 by altering the subcellular localization of CD133 from the membrane to lysosomes in CD133+ HCC cells. Moreover, CPO treatment induced point mutations in the ADRB1, APOB, EGR2, and UBE2C genes and inhibited the expression of these proteins in HCC and the expression of UBE2C is particularly controlled by CD133 expression among those four proteins in HCC. Our results suggested that CPO may suppress stemness and malignancies in vivo and in vitro by decreasing CD133 and UBE2C expression in CD133+ HCC. Our study provides evidence that CPO could act as a novel therapeutic agent for the effective treatment of CD133+ HCC.
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7
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Serial Xenotransplantation in NSG Mice Promotes a Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Gene Expression Signature and Stemness in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010196. [PMID: 31941033 PMCID: PMC7016569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serial xenotransplantation of sorted cancer cells in immunodeficient mice remains the most complex test of cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. However, we have demonstrated in various sarcomas that putative CSC surface markers fail to identify CSCs, thereby impeding the isolation of CSCs for subsequent analyses. Here, we utilized serial xenotransplantation of unsorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells in NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) mice as a proof-of-principle platform to investigate the molecular signature of CSCs. Indeed, serial xenotransplantation steadily enriched for rhabdomyosarcoma stem-like cells characterized by enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and increased colony and sphere formation capacity in vitro. Although the expression of core pluripotency factors (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and common CSC markers (CD133, ABCG2, nestin) was maintained over the passages in mice, gene expression profiling revealed gradual changes in several stemness regulators and genes linked with undifferentiated myogenic precursors, e.g., SOX4, PAX3, MIR145, and CDH15. Moreover, we identified the induction of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal gene expression signature that was associated with the increase in CSC number. In total, 60 genes related to epithelial or mesenchymal traits were significantly altered upon serial xenotransplantation. In silico survival analysis based on the identified potential stemness-associated genes demonstrated that serial xenotransplantation of unsorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells in NSG mice might be a useful tool for the unbiased enrichment of CSCs and the identification of novel CSC-specific targets. Using this approach, we provide evidence for a recently proposed link between the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype and cancer stemness.
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8
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Vanier C, Morimoto C, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Anti-human CD9 antibody Fab fragment impairs the internalization of extracellular vesicles and the nuclear transfer of their cargo proteins. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4408-4421. [PMID: 30982221 PMCID: PMC6533511 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained international interest during the last decade. Interfering with the mechanisms regulating this cellular process might find application particularly in oncology where cancer cell‐derived EVs play a role in tumour microenvironment transformation. Although several mechanisms were ascribed to explain the internalization of EVs, little is our knowledge about the fate of their cargos, which are crucial to mediate their function. We recently demonstrated a new intracellular pathway in which a fraction of endocytosed EV‐associated proteins is transported into the nucleoplasm of the host cell via a subpopulation of late endosomes penetrating into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. Silencing tetraspanin CD9 both in EVs and recipient cells strongly decreased the endocytosis of EVs and abolished the nuclear transfer of their cargos. Here, we investigated whether monovalent Fab fragments derived from 5H9 anti‐CD9 monoclonal antibody (referred hereafter as CD9 Fab) interfered with these cellular processes. To monitor the intracellular transport of proteins, we used fluorescent EVs containing CD9‐green fluorescent protein fusion protein and various melanoma cell lines and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells as recipient cells. Interestingly, CD9 Fab considerably reduced EV uptake and the nuclear transfer of their proteins in all examined cells. In contrast, the divalent CD9 antibody stimulated both events. By impeding intercellular communication in the tumour microenvironment, CD9 Fab‐mediated inhibition of EV uptake, combined with direct targeting of cancerous cells could lead to the development of novel anti‐melanoma therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Santos
- College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada
| | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cheryl Vanier
- College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, Nevada.,Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
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9
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Ma DQ, Zhang YH, Ding DP, Li J, Chen LL, Tian YY, Ao KJ. Effect of Bmi-1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway on the stem-like properties of CD133+ human liver cancer cells. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:575-585. [PMID: 29843222 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of Bmi-1-mediated NF-κB pathway on the biological characteristics of CD133+ liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). METHODS Flow cytometry was used to isolate CD133+ LCSC cells from Huh7, Hep3B, SK-hep1, and PLC/PRF-5 cells. CD133+ Huh7 cells were divided into Control, Blank, Bmi-1 siRNA, JSH-23 (NF-κB pathway inhibitor), and Bmi-1 + JSH-23 groups. The properties of CD133+ Huh7 cells were detected by the colony-formation and sphere-forming assays. Besides, Transwell assay was applied for the measurement of cell invasion and migration, immunofluorescence staining for the detection of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting for the determination of SOX2, NANOG, OCT4, Bmi-1, and NF-κB p65 expression. RESULTS CD133+ Huh-7 cells were chosen as the experiment subjects after flow cytometry. Compared with CD133- Huh-7 cells, the expression of CD133, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, Bmi-1, and NF-κB p65, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, the number of cell colonies and Sphere formation, as well as the abilities of invasion and migration were observed to be increased in CD133+ Huh-7 cells, which was inhibited after treated with Bmi-1 siRNA or JSH-23, meanwhile, the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 and S phases with apparently enhanced cell apoptosis. Importantly, no significant differences in the biological characteristics of CD133 + Huh-7 cells were found between the Blank group and Bmi-1 + JSH-23 group. CONCLUSION Down-regulating Bmi-1 may inhibit the biological properties of CD133+ LCSC by blocking NF-κB signaling pathway, which lays a scientific foundation for the clinical treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qiang Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - De-Ping Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Lin-Li Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - You-You Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Kang-Jian Ao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
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10
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Cancer stem cells in sarcomas: Getting to the stemness core. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2134-2139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Turano M, Costabile V, Cerasuolo A, Duraturo F, Liccardo R, Delrio P, Pace U, Rega D, Dodaro CA, Milone M, Izzo P, De Rosa M. Characterisation of mesenchymal colon tumour-derived cells in tumourspheres as a model for colorectal cancer progression. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2379-2396. [PMID: 30272331 PMCID: PMC6203159 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity, the ability of cells to switch from an epitheial phenotype to a mesenchymal one and vice versa, plays a crucial role in tumour progression and metastases development. In 20-25% of patients with colon cancer and in 18% of patients with rectal cancer, metastases are present at the time of the first diagnosis. They are the first cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related mortality, defining stage IV CRC, which is characterized by a relatively short overall survival. We previously isolated two primary colon adenocarcinoma cell cultures that had undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one with a high microsatellite instability phenotype (T88) and one with a chromosomal instability phenotype (T93). The aim of this study was to establish a model with which to study EMT, stemness features and cell plasticity in cancer progression and to examine the effects of incubation with lithium chloride (LiCl), a specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) inhibitor, on these cellular processes. Indeed, GSK3β is an important regulator of cell survival, which promotes tumourigenesis in colon cells by facilitating the crosstalk between colorectal cancer pathways. Thus, we further characterized our system of adherent primary mesenchymal colon cancer cells and their paired tumourspheres by examining the expression and localisation of a panel of markers, including E- and N‑cadherin, CD133, CD44v6, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and leucine-rich repeat‑containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5). We also characterised the molecular features of these tumourspheres and examined their response to LiCl. Furthermore, we explored the effects of LiCl on cell motility and plasticity. We demonstrated that LiCl reduced cell migration, stemness features and cell plasticity. We also observed the atypical nuclear localisation of membrane proteins, including N‑cadherin, CD133 and CD44v6 in mesenchymal tumour cells. Of note, CD133 and CD44v6 appeared to localise at the plasma membrane in cells with a more epithelial phenotype, suggesting that the cytoplasmic/nuclear localisation of these proteins could favour and characterize cell plasticity in colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmo Turano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Costabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerasuolo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Duraturo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Liccardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology - Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Pace
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology - Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Rega
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology - Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo studio e la cura dei tumori, 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Anna Dodaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina De Rosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Santos MF, Rappa G, Karbanová J, Kurth T, Corbeil D, Lorico A. VAMP-associated protein-A and oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 promote the entry of late endosomes into the nucleoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13834-13848. [PMID: 30018135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytic pathway plays an instrumental role in recycling internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane or in directing them to lysosomes for degradation. We recently reported a new role of endosomes-the delivery of components from extracellular vesicles (EVs) to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence, FRET, immunoisolation techniques, and RNAi, we report here a tripartite protein complex (referred to as the VOR complex) that is essential for the nuclear transfer of EV-derived components by orchestrating the specific localization of late endosomes into nucleoplasmic reticulum. We found that the VOR complex contains the endoplasmic reticulum-localized vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein A (VAP-A), the cytoplasmic oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3 (ORP3), and late endosome-associated small GTPase Rab7. The silencing of VAP-A or ORP3 abrogated the association of Rab7-positive late endosomes with nuclear envelope invaginations and, hence, the transport of endocytosed EV-derived components to the nucleoplasm of recipient cells. We conclude that the VOR complex can be targeted to inhibit EV-mediated intercellular communication, which can have therapeutic potential for managing cancer in which the release of EVs is dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Santos
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135
| | - Germana Rappa
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135
| | | | - Thomas Kurth
- the Biotechnology Center and.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Denis Corbeil
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135, .,the Biotechnology Center and.,DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- From the Roseman Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Roseman University College of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada 89135, .,the Mediterranean Institute of Oncology Foundation, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
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Yu GF, Lin X, Luo RC, Fang WY. Nuclear CD133 expression predicts poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2092-2099. [PMID: 31938317 PMCID: PMC6958201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis and are related to poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CD133 is one of the most commonly used CSC markers. In this study, expression and the biological significance of CSC marker CD133 was evaluated in HCC, at mRNA and protein levels. We demonstrate that both mRNA and protein levels of CD133 are significantly elevated in HCC relative to that in adjacent non-cancerous tissue based on bioinformatics and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively (P < 0.01). Intriguingly, we detected nuclear distribution of CD133 and found that nuclear CD133 expression was indicative of poor patient prognosis (median survival 12 months versus 34.5 months) (Log-Rank, P = 0.0258). Meanwhile, our findings suggest that nuclear CD133 expression is positively correlated with tumor size and serves as an independent prognostic factor for HCC after surgical resection (HR = 0.564, 95% CI 0.313-1.018, P = 0.057). Nuclear CD133 expression can potentially serve as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Yu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Lin
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Cheng Luo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yi Fang
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Nuclear transport of cancer extracellular vesicle-derived biomaterials through nuclear envelope invagination-associated late endosomes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14443-14461. [PMID: 28129640 PMCID: PMC5362417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) function as vehicles of intercellular communication, but how the biomaterials they carry reach the target site in recipient cells is an open question. We report that subdomains of Rab7+ late endosomes and nuclear envelope invaginations come together to create a sub-nuclear compartment, where biomaterials associated with CD9+ EVs are delivered. EV-derived biomaterials were also found in the nuclei of host cells. The inhibition of nuclear import and export pathways abrogated the nuclear localization of EV-derived biomaterials or led to their accumulation therein, respectively, suggesting that their translocation is dependent on nuclear pores. Nuclear envelope invagination-associated late endosomes were observed in ex vivo biopsies in both breast carcinoma and associated stromal cells. The transcriptome of stromal cells exposed to cancer cell-derived CD9+ EVs revealed that the regulation of eleven genes, notably those involved in inflammation, relies on the nuclear translocation of EV-derived biomaterials. Our findings uncover a new cellular pathway used by EVs to reach nuclear compartment.
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15
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Bhattacharya S, Yin J, Winborn CS, Zhang Q, Yue J, Chaum E. Prominin-1 Is a Novel Regulator of Autophagy in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2366-2387. [PMID: 28437526 PMCID: PMC5403116 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prominin-1 (Prom1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is expressed in stem cell lineages, and has recently been implicated in cancer stem cell survival. Mutations in the Prom1 gene have been shown to disrupt photoreceptor disk morphogenesis and cause an autosomal dominant form of Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD4). Despite the apparent structural role of Prom1 in photoreceptors, its role in other cells of the retina is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Prom1 in the highly metabolically active cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Methods Lentiviral siRNA and the genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 system were used to knockout Prom1 in primary RPE and ARPE-19 cells, respectively. Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and flow sight imaging cytometry assays were used to quantify autophagy flux. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect Prom1 interacting proteins. Results Our studies demonstrate that Prom1 is primarily a cytosolic protein in the RPE. Stress signals and physiological aging robustly increase autophagy with concomitant upregulation of Prom1 expression. Knockout of Prom1 increased mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling, decreased autophagosome trafficking to the lysosome, increased p62 accumulation, and inhibited autophagic puncta induced by activators of autophagy. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of Prom1 inhibited mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities, and potentiated autophagy flux. Through interactions with p62 and HDAC6, Prom1 regulates autophagosome maturation and trafficking, suggesting a new cytoplasmic role of Prom1 in RPE function. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Prom1 plays a key role in the regulation of autophagy via upstream suppression of mTOR signaling and also acting as a component of a macromolecular scaffold involving p62 and HDAC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jinggang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christina S Winborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Edward Chaum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States 3Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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16
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Chen YL, Lin PY, Ming YZ, Huang WC, Chen RF, Chen PM, Chu PY. The effects of the location of cancer stem cell marker CD133 on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:474. [PMID: 28687090 PMCID: PMC5501948 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 (prominin-1) is widely believed to be a cancer stem cell marker in various solid tumor types, and CD133 has been correlated with tumor-initiating capacity. Recently, the nuclear location of CD133 expression in tumors has been discussed, but hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been included in these discussions. The goal of this study was to investigate the location of CD133 expression in HCC and this location's potential value as a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with HCC. METHODS We enrolled 119 cancerous tissues and pair-matched adjacent normal liver tissue from HCC patients. These tissues were obtained immediately after operation, and tissue microarrays were subsequently constructed. The expression of CD133 was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the correlations between this expression and clinical characteristics and prognosis was estimated using statistical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the CD133 protein expression levels of HCC in both the cytoplasm and nucleus were significantly higher than adjacent normal liver tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that high CD133 expression in the cytoplasm was an independent predictor of poor prognosis for the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of HCC patients (P = 0.028 and P = 0.046, respectively). Surprisingly, high nuclear CD133 expression of HCC was an independent predictor of the good prognosis of the OS and RFS rates of HCC patients (P = 0.023 and P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The clinical evidence that revealed cytoplasmic CD133 expression was correlated with poor prognosis, while nuclear CD133 expression was significantly correlated with favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping-Yi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zi Ming
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County,, 350 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Research Assistant Center, Changhua Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County,, 350 Taiwan Republic of China
- Research Assistant Center, Changhua Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, No.542, Sec.1, Chung-Shang Road, Changhua City, Changhua County, 50008 Taiwan Republic of China
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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17
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Zambo I, Hermanova M, Zapletalova D, Skoda J, Mudry P, Kyr M, Zitterbart K, Sterba J, Veselska R. Expression of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 in relation to the clinical outcome in pediatric sarcomas. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:107-16. [PMID: 27314299 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 are recently discussed as putative markers, co-expression of which might determine a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in sarcomas. OBJECTIVE Our study is focused on immunohistochemical analysis of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 expression in rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we also analyzed the possible correlation of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 expression levels with the patient outcome to identify potential prognostic values of these three putative CSC markers in the same cohorts. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, expression of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 was analyzed in 24 rhabdomyosarcoma, 22 Ewing sarcoma and 10 osteosarcoma tissue samples and expression levels of these markers were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS High nestin levels indicate poor prognosis in patients with Ewing sarcoma (P = 0.001), and high CD133 expression is associated with shorter survival in rhabdomyosarcoma patients (P = 0.002). In contrast, no significant relationship was found between ABCG2 expression and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis represents the first complex study of these three putative CSCs markers together in three different types of pediatric sarcomas and showed their possible prognostic values in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Zambo
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Danica Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mudry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Skoda J, Hermanova M, Loja T, Nemec P, Neradil J, Karasek P, Veselska R. Co-Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Corresponds to a Pro-Tumorigenic Expression Profile in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159255. [PMID: 27414409 PMCID: PMC4945008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies. Its dismal prognosis is often attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that have been identified in PDAC using various markers. However, the co-expression of all of these markers has not yet been evaluated. Furthermore, studies that compare the expression levels of CSC markers in PDAC tumor samples and in cell lines derived directly from those tumors are lacking. Here, we analyzed the expression of putative CSC markers—CD24, CD44, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD133, and nestin—by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and quantitative PCR in 3 PDAC-derived cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in 3 corresponding tumor samples. We showed high expression of the examined CSC markers among all of the cell lines and tumor samples, with the exception of CD24 and CD44, which were enriched under in vitro conditions compared with tumor tissues. The proportions of cells positive for the remaining markers were comparable to those detected in the corresponding tumors. Co-expression analysis using flow cytometry revealed that CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells represented a significant population of the cells (range, 43 to 72%) among the cell lines. The highest proportion of CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells was detected in the cell line derived from the tumor of a patient with the shortest survival. Using gene expression profiling, we further identified the specific pro-tumorigenic expression profile of this cell line compared with the profiles of the other two cell lines. Together, CD24+/CD44+/EpCAM+/CD133+ cells are present in PDAC cell lines derived from primary tumors, and their increased proportion corresponds with a pro-tumorigenic gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- 1st Department of Pathological Anatomy, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loja
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Nemec
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Karasek
- Department of Complex Oncology Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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19
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Skoda J, Nunukova A, Loja T, Zambo I, Neradil J, Mudry P, Zitterbart K, Hermanova M, Hampl A, Sterba J, Veselska R. Cancer stem cell markers in pediatric sarcomas: Sox2 is associated with tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9535-48. [PMID: 26790443 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The three most frequent pediatric sarcomas, i.e., Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, were examined in this study: three cell lines derived from three primary tumor samples were analyzed from each of these tumor types. Detailed comparative analysis of the expression of three putative cancer stem cell markers related to sarcomas-ABCG2, CD133, and nestin-was performed on both primary tumor tissues and corresponding cell lines. The obtained results showed that the frequency of ABCG2-positive and CD133-positive cells was predominantly increased in the respective cell lines but that the high levels of nestin expression were reduced in both osteosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas under in vitro conditions. These findings suggest the selection advantage of cells expressing ABCG2 or CD133, but the functional tests in NOD/SCID gamma mice did not confirm the tumorigenic potential of cells harboring this phenotype. Subsequent analysis of the expression of common stem cell markers revealed an evident relationship between the expression of the transcription factor Sox2 and the tumorigenicity of the cell lines in immunodeficient mice: the Sox2 levels were highest in the two cell lines that were demonstrated as tumorigenic. Furthermore, Sox2-positive cells were found in the respective primary tumors and all xenograft tumors showed apparent accumulation of these cells. All of these findings support our conclusion that regardless of the expression of ABCG2, CD133 and nestin, only cells displaying increased Sox2 expression are directly involved in tumor initiation and growth; therefore, these cells fit the definition of the cancer stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Nunukova
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loja
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Zambo
- 1st Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, St. Anne's University Hospital and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mudry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- 1st Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, St. Anne's University Hospital and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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