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Bildik G, Liang X, Sutton MN, Bast RC, Lu Z. DIRAS3: An Imprinted Tumor Suppressor Gene that Regulates RAS and PI3K-driven Cancer Growth, Motility, Autophagy, and Tumor Dormancy. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:25-37. [PMID: 34667114 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DIRAS3 is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene that encodes a 26 kDa GTPase with 60% amino acid homology to RAS, but with a distinctive 34 amino acid N-terminal extension required to block RAS function. DIRAS3 is maternally imprinted and expressed only from the paternal allele in normal cells. Loss of expression can occur in a single "hit" through multiple mechanisms. Downregulation of DIRAS3 occurs in cancers of the ovary, breast, lung, prostate, colon, brain, and thyroid. Reexpression of DIRAS3 inhibits signaling through PI3 kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, and RAS/MAPK, blocking malignant transformation, inhibiting cancer cell growth and motility, and preventing angiogenesis. DIRAS3 is a unique endogenous RAS inhibitor that binds directly to RAS, disrupting RAS dimers and clusters, and preventing RAS-induced transformation. DIRAS3 is essential for autophagy and triggers this process through multiple mechanisms. Reexpression of DIRAS3 induces dormancy in a nu/nu mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer, inhibiting cancer cell growth and angiogenesis. DIRAS3-mediated induction of autophagy facilitates the survival of dormant cancer cells in a nutrient-poor environment. DIRAS3 expression in dormant, drug-resistant autophagic cancer cells can serve as a biomarker and as a target for novel therapy to eliminate the residual disease that remains after conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bildik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Margie N Sutton
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Mai R, Cao Y, Yu H, Zheng Y, Huang J. Protective Effect of Butylphthalide on Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson Rats and Its Effect on miR-146a-5p Expression and Phosphatidylinositide 3-Kinases/Protein Kinase B Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
80 male Wistar rats were stochastically assigned to Sham + Vehicle group, Sham + BUT group, PD + Vehicle group and PD + BUT group. Rotenone PD model rats were prepared by subcutaneous injection of rotenone sunflower oil emulsion 2 mg/(kg · d) for 5 consecutive weeks. Butylphthalide
80 mg/(kg · d) were given to the rats in Sham + BUT group and PD + BUT group by gavage from the first day of rotenone injection for 5 weeks. Subsequently, the motor retardation ability and the morphological changes of the substantia nigra (SN) of each group were evaluated. Meanwhile,
the levels of neuronal injury, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in each group of rats were assayed. The impact of BUT treatment on miR-146a-5p expression and PI3K/AKT signal pathway in rat brain tissue was assayed. Finally, by constructing a PD cell model of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine
(6-OHDA)-treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, the in vitro anti-PD pharmacological effect of BUT was further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Mai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Baoan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518101, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Baoan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518101, China
| | - Huitian Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Baoan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518101, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Baoan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518101, China
| | - Juke Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Baoan District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518101, China
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Zhong C, Shu M, Ye J, Wang X, Chen X, Liu Z, Zhao W, Zhao B, Zheng Z, Yin Z, Gao M, Zhao H, Wang K, Zhao S. Oncogenic Ras is downregulated by ARHI and induces autophagy by Ras/AKT/mTOR pathway in glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:441. [PMID: 31088402 PMCID: PMC6515631 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a disease with high heterogeneity that has long been difficult for doctors to identify and treat. ARHI is a remarkable tumor suppressor gene in human ovarian cancer and many other cancers. We found over-expression of ARHI can also inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease tumorigenicity, and induce autophagic cell death in human glioma and inhibition of the late stage of autophagy can further enhance the antitumor effect of ARHI through inducing apoptosis in vitro or vivo. METHODS Using MTT assay to detect cell viability. The colony formation assay was used to measure single cell clonogenicity. Autophagy associated morphological changes were tested by transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were used to measure the apoptosis rate. Autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was used to study the effects of inhibition at late stage of autophagy on ARHI-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Protein expression were detected by Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses. LN229-derived xenografts were established to observe the effect of ARHI in vivo. RESULTS ARHI induced autophagic death in glioma cells, and blocking late-stage autophagy markedly enhanced the antiproliferative activites of ARHI. In our research, we observed the inhibition of RAS-AKT-mTOR signaling in ARHI-glioma cells and blockade of autophagy flux at late stage by CQ enhanced the cytotoxicity of ARHI, caused accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and robust apoptosis. As a result, the inhibition of RAS augmented autophagy of glioma cells. CONCLUSION ARHI may also be a functional tumor suppressor in glioma. And chloroquine (CQ) used as an auxiliary medicine in glioma chemotherapy can enhance the antitumor effect of ARHI, and this study provides a novel mechanistic basis and strategy for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengting Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyi Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Boxian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixing Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiqi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Li X, Liu S, Fang X, He C, Hu X. The mechanisms of DIRAS family members in role of tumor suppressor. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5564-5577. [PMID: 30317588 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DIRAS family is a group of GTPases belonging to the RAS superfamily and shares homology with the pro-oncogenic Ras GTPases. Currently, accumulating evidence show that DIRAS family members could be identified as putative tumor suppressors in various cancers. The either lost or reduced expression of DIRAS proteins play an important role in cancer development, including cell growth, migration, apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and tumor dormancy. This review focuses on the latest research regarding the roles and mechanisms of the DIRAS family members in regulating Ras function, cancer development, assessing potential challenges, and providing insights into the possibility of targeting them for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cancer Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao He
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang B, Li YL, Zhao JL, Zhen O, Yu C, Yang BH, Yu XR. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 promotes cancer progression through activating AKT/Cyclin D1 signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1-9. [PMID: 29807229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm, which commonly afflicts patients of 20-30 years of age, and its morbidity has increased markedly in recent years. Certain genes and signal pathways have been identified to exert key roles in osteosarcoma progression. Here, we set out to characterize in more detail of the role of HIF-1/AKT/Cyclin D1 pathway in the progression of osteosarcoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, western blot and qPCR were used to test the protein or mRNA levels of HIF-1 in osteosarcoma tissues or adjacent nontumor tissues. MTT, clone formation, wound healing, Transwell, in vivo tumorigenesis, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to determine cell proliferation, clone formation ability, migration, invasion, tumorigenesis, and cell apoptosis in MG63 and U2OS cells, respectively. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were performed to investigate the protein-protein interaction between HIF-1α and proteins related to signal pathways. RESULTS HIF-1 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, which promoted cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. Results also demonstrated that HIF-1 combined with AKT, and there might be a positive loop between the two proteins of HIF-1 and AKT, then the protein-protein interaction up-regulated the expression of Cyclin D1 in protein level, but not mRNA level, made Cyclin D1 protein more stable, triggered cell proliferation, clone formation, tumorigenesis, but inhibited cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that HIF-1 modulated Cyclin D1 expression might through shaping a positive loop with AKT proteins. Additionally, HIF-1α promoted the tumor cells growth, migration and invasion in osteosarcoma through the activation of the AKT/Cyclin D1 signal cascade. We proposed that HIF-1 could be served as a marker for distinguishing osteosarcoma and an effective therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; 3201 Hosptial Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000,China
| | - Ya-Li Li
- 3201 Hosptial Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000,China
| | - Jin-Long Zhao
- 3201 Hosptial Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000,China
| | - Ouyang Zhen
- 3201 Hosptial Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000,China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Bin-Hui Yang
- 3201 Hosptial Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000,China
| | - Xiao-Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Key laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease(Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Ye K, Wang S, Zhang H, Han H, Ma B, Nan W. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Suppresses Cell Growth and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Osteosarcoma by Regulating the miR-221/ARHI Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4772-4781. [PMID: 28519068 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the development of human cancers. The lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the roles of GAS5 and its related miRNAs in osteosarcoma are poorly understood. This study explored the potential functions and mechanisms of GAS5 in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. Here, the expression of GAS5, miR-221 and aplasia Ras homologue member I (ARHI) was determined in osteosarcoma tissues and cells by Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The underlying mechanism of GAS5 in osteosarcoma growth was analyzed via MTT, Transwell, RT-qPCR, Western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and xenograft models after GAS5 overexpression. GAS5 and ARHI levels were significantly reduced, while miR-221 increased, both in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells. GAS5 could directly bind to miR-221 to decrease miR-221 expression and enhance ARHI expression. The effect of GAS5 overexpression on the proliferation, migration and EMT was reversed by miR-221 mimics or ARHI siRNA in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, GAS5 suppressed tumor volume, Ki-67 and PCNA staining, and EMT process in the development of osteosarcoma in vivo. Taken together, lncRNA GAS5 functions as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-221 to suppress cell growth and EMT in osteosarcoma by regulating the miR-221/ARHI pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4772-4781, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Shuanke Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wei Nan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
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Ye K, Wang S, Wang J, Han H, Ma B, Yang Y. Zebularine enhances apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing methylation of ARHI. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1851-1857. [PMID: 27685841 PMCID: PMC5198947 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ARHI is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene and its methylation suppresses ARHI transcription levels to cause the development and progression of malignant tumors. Zebularine exerts a demethylation function for tumor suppressor genes. Our study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of zebularine on the epigenetic modification of the ARHI gene, and whether this effect may modulate the viability and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells. We found that zebularine inhibited the viability and promoted apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Zebularine potentiated the expression of ARHI at both the protein and mRNA level. This was related to the downregulation of methylation of ARHI caused by zebularine. Zebularine suppressed the interaction of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) with histone methyltransferase G9a, but had no effect on G9a alone. Knockdown of DNMT1 or G9a can induce a reduction of ARHI methylation. Therefore, we inferred that zebularine was likely to directly repress DNMT1 alone, but G9a was necessary to regulate the function of DNMT1 on ARHI methylation. Moreover, knockdown of ARHI rescued cell viability and apoptosis under the zebularine‐treated condition. We showed that zebularine inhibited viability and promoted apoptosis by disturbing the interaction between DNMT1 and G9a, thereby resulting in lower ARHI methylation and elevated ARHI expression in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuanke Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Guo Y, Chen YH, Cheng ZH, Ou-Yang HN, Luo C, Guo ZL. Tectorigenin inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:540-6. [PMID: 26991068 PMCID: PMC4881729 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tectorigenin (Tec) is an effective component of the traditional Chinese medicine Belamcanda chinensis, which has been reported to exert beneficial effects in various types of cancer. However, the activity and mechanism of Tec in osteosarcoma (OS) have not been investigated to date. The aim of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effect of Tec on OS and its underlying mechanism of action. OS cells (Saos2 and U2OS) were treated with various concentrations of Tec for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell proliferation was evaluated using an CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion ability were measured using the Transwell assay. The expressions of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and cleaved caspase3 were measured using real-time PCR and/or western blot analysis. We found that Tec inhibited the proliferation of OS cells (Saos2 and U2OS) in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In addition, Tec significantly inhibited migration and invasion in OS cells (P<0.05). Tec upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase3, while downregulating the expression of MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9. Taken together, the present study provided fundamental evidence for the application of Tec in chemotherapy against OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Departments of aNeurosurgery bPlastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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