1
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Suliman M, Nagasawa M, Al-Omari FA, Uoshima K. The effects of collagen cross-link deficiency on osseointegration process of pure titanium implants. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:449-455. [PMID: 37793821 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of collagen cross-link deficiency on collagen fiber formation around an implant and its effect on the osseointegration process. METHODS Wistar rats were fed 0.1% beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) dissolved in water to induce collagen cross-link deficiency. Custom-made mini-implants with machined surfaces were placed proximal to the tibia. At 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively, the bone area around the implant, bone-implant contact ratio, osteoclast/osteocyte activity, and osseointegration strength were evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical analyses and biomechanical tests. RESULTS Long-term disturbance of collagen cross-link formation in the BAPN group resulted in faster collagen fiber maturation than that in controls, with a defective collagen structure, low bone formation quantity, and low bone-implant contact values. Deficiency of collagen cross-links resulted in increased bone resorption and decreased osteocyte activity. CONCLUSIONS Collagen cross-linking is important for the formation of the collagen matrix, and their deficiency may impair bone activity around implants, affecting the osseointegration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Suliman
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masako Nagasawa
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Farah A Al-Omari
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uoshima
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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2
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Zhang Z, Tang H, Du T, Yang D. The impact of copper on bone metabolism. J Orthop Translat 2024; 47:125-131. [PMID: 39021399 PMCID: PMC466973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element for the human body. Abnormalities in copper metabolism can lead to bone defects, mainly by directly affecting the viability of osteoblasts and osteoclasts and their bone remodeling function, or indirectly regulating bone metabolism by influencing enzyme activities as cofactors. Copper ions released from biological materials can affect osteoblasts and osteoclasts, either directly or indirectly by modulating the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and rapamycin signaling. This review presents an overview of recent progress in the impact of copper on bone metabolism. Translational potential of this article: The impact of copper on bone metabolism can provide insights into clinical application of copper-containing supplements and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Huixue Tang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Di Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
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3
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Karagianni A, Karkempetzaki AI, Brooks D, Matsuura S, Dambal V, Trackman PC, Ravid K. Deletion of mouse lysyl oxidase in megakaryocytes affects bone properties in a sex-dependent manner. Blood 2024; 143:2666-2670. [PMID: 38635757 PMCID: PMC11196861 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024024620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a facilitator of extracellular matrix cross-linking. Using newly developed megakaryocyte-specific LOX knockout mice, we show that LOX expressed in these scarce bone marrow cells affects bone volume and collagen architecture in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Karagianni
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Research Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Iris Karkempetzaki
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Research Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Daniel Brooks
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shinobu Matsuura
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Research Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Vrinda Dambal
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Philip C. Trackman
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
- Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Research Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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4
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Han J, Luo J, Wang C, Kapilevich L, Zhang XA. Roles and mechanisms of copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in osteoarticular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116570. [PMID: 38599063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element in the human body that is extensively distributed throughout various tissues. The appropriate level of copper is crucial to maintaining the life activities of the human body, and the excess and deficiency of copper can lead to various diseases. The copper levels in the human body are regulated by copper homeostasis, which maintains appropriate levels of copper in tissues and cells by controlling its absorption, transport, and storage. Cuproptosis is a distinct form of cell death induced by the excessive accumulation of intracellular copper. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis has recently elicited increased attention in the realm of human health. Cuproptosis has emerged as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Studies concerning osteoarticular diseases have elucidated the intricate interplay among copper homeostasis, cuproptosis, and the onset of osteoarticular diseases. Copper dysregulation and cuproptosis cause abnormal bone and cartilage metabolism, affecting related cells. This phenomenon assumes a critical role in the pathophysiological processes underpinning various osteoarticular diseases, with implications for inflammatory and immune responses. While early Cu-modulating agents have shown promise in clinical settings, additional research and advancements are warranted to enhance their efficacy. In this review, we summarize the effects and potential mechanisms of copper homeostasis and cuproptosis on bone and cartilage, as well as their regulatory roles in the pathological mechanism of osteoarticular diseases (e.g., osteosarcoma (OS), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)). We also discuss the clinical-application prospects of copper-targeting strategy, which may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarticular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Han
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China
| | - Jiayi Luo
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China
| | - Cuijing Wang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China
| | - Leonid Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Xin-An Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110100, China.
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5
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Nguyen PK, Hall K, Holt I, Kuo CK. Recombinant lysyl oxidase effects on embryonic tendon cell phenotype and behavior. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2175-2185. [PMID: 37365857 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays an important role in the elaboration of tendon mechanical properties during embryonic development by mediating enzymatic collagen crosslinking. We previously showed recombinant LOX (rLOX) treatment of developing tendon significantly increased LOX-mediated collagen crosslink density to enhance tendon mechanical properties at different stages of tissue formation. Working toward the future development of rLOX-based therapeutic strategies to enhance mechanical properties of tendons that are compromised, such as after injury or due to abnormal development, this study characterized the direct effects of rLOX treatment on embryonic tendon cells from different stages of tissue formation. Tendon cell morphology, proliferation rate, proliferative capacity, and metabolic activity were not affected by rLOX treatment. Tenogenic phenotype was stable with rLOX treatment, reflected by no change in cell morphology or tendon marker messenger RNA (mRNA) levels assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Collagen mRNA levels also remained constant. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression levels were downregulated in later stage tendon cells, but not in earlier stage cells, whereas enzyme activity levels were undetected. Bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) expression was upregulated in earlier stage tendon cells, but not in later stage cells. Furthermore, BMP-1 activity was unchanged when intracellular LOX enzyme activity levels were upregulated in both stage cells, suggesting exogenous rLOX may have entered the cells. Based on our data, rLOX treatment had minimal effects on tendon cell phenotype and behaviors. These findings will inform future development of LOX-focused treatments to enhance tendon mechanical properties without adverse effects on tendon cell phenotype and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Hall
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Iverson Holt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine K Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Alkaissi H, McFarlane SI. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Accelerated Aging: The Pathogenic Role of Increased Homocysteine in Atherosclerosis, Osteoporosis, and Neurodegeneration. Cureus 2023; 15:e42259. [PMID: 37605676 PMCID: PMC10440097 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, seemingly unrelated disorders that occur with advanced age, share major pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis and bone loss. Hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is among these mechanisms that can cause both vascular and bone disease. In its more severe form, hHcy can present early in life as homocystinuria, an inborn error of metabolic pathways of the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine. In its milder forms, hHcy may go undiagnosed and untreated into adulthood. As such, hHcy may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, thrombophilia, and neurodegeneration, collectively representing accelerated aging. Multiple trials to lower cardiovascular risk and improve bone density with homocysteine-lowering agents, yet none has proven to be clinically meaningful. To understand this unmet clinical need, this review will provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of vascular and bone disease in hHcy, using homocystinuria as a model for accelerated atherosclerosis and bone density loss, a model for accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alkaissi
- Internal Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Endocrinology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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7
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Saifi MA, Shaikh AS, Kaki VR, Godugu C. Disulfiram prevents collagen crosslinking and inhibits renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysyl oxidase enzymes. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2516-2527. [PMID: 35285015 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health burdens affecting a considerable number of people worldwide. The aberrant regulation of lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of enzymes results in establishment of dense extracellular matrix (ECM). Since, LOX enzymes need copper (Cu) for their proper catalytic activity; the present study investigated the efficacy of a copper chelator, disulfiram (DSF) in renal fibrosis. Antifibrotic activity of DSF was investigated in kidney epithelial cells stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (5 ng/ml) as well as in two animal models. The renal injury was induced in animals by unilateral ureteral obstruction and folic acid administration (250 mg/kg). The DSF (3 and 10 mg/kg, every 3rd day) and standard LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN, 100 mg/kg, daily) administration was started on day 0 and continued till the day of sacrifice. DSF was found to be a potent LOX/LOXL2 inhibitor to reduce crosslinking of collagen fibrils leading to reduction in the collagen deposition. In addition, the DSF was demonstrated to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tubular cells and fibrotic kidneys. Our results suggested that DSF, being a clinically available drug could be translated to clinics for its potent antifibrotic activity due to its inhibitory effect on LOX proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arbaz Sujat Shaikh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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8
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Hiranuma T, Watanabe K, Yamashita T, Okazaki T, Tokudome Y. Role of collagen degradation pathway in sphingomyelin synthase 2-deficient mouse skin. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-021-00064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is the only enzyme that synthesizes sphingomyelin from ceramide. The role of sphingomyelin synthase in epidermis is being understood, but there is no report on its role in the dermis. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of collagen in SMS2-deficient mice reveals the role of SMS2 in collagen production.
Methods
SMS2-deficient mice were used for in this study. The dermis thickness was measured by Elastica van Gieson staining, the collagen fiber was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, the collagen content by ELISA, the ceramide and sphingomyelin content by Thin Layer Chromatography, the collagen-generating and metabolizing gene expression level by RT-PCR, and MMP13 protein level was measured by western blotting.
Results
Thinner dermis in these mice compared to wild-type mice. A reduced number of collagen fibers were observed, and decreased levels of type I collagen and sphingolipids. Gene expression levels of collagen production-related genes in the dermis were found to be unaltered. The expression of several genes related to collagen degradation was found to be affected. The expression level of TNFα and MMP13 and MMP13 protein levels were increased relative to those of wild-type mice, while the expression level of TIMP1 was decreased.
Conclusions
These results indicate that SMS is involved not only in maintaining the sphingolipid content of the epidermal barrier but also in maintaining collagen homeostasis. Further elucidation of the role of SMS2 in the skin may lead to SMS2 comprising a new target for the treatment of skin diseases and the development of functional cosmetics.
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9
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Myeloproliferative Disorders and its Effect on Bone Homeostasis: The Role of Megakaryocytes. Blood 2021; 139:3127-3137. [PMID: 34428274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of chronic hematological diseases that arise from the clonal expansion of abnormal hematopoietic stem cells, of which Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) have been extensively reviewed in context of clonal expansion, fibrosis and other phenotypes. Here, we review current knowledge on the influence of different forms of MPN on bone health. Studies implicated various degrees of effect of different forms of MPN on bone density, and on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, using murine models and human data. The majority of studies show that bone volume is generally increased in PMF patients, whereas it is slightly decreased or not altered in ET and PV patients, although possible differences between male and female phenotypes were not fully explored in most MPN forms. Osteosclerosis seen in PMF patients is a serious complication that can lead to bone marrow failure, and the loss of bone reported in some ET and PV patients can lead to osteoporotic fractures. Some MPN forms are associated with increased number of megakaryocytes (MKs), and several of the MK-associated factors in MPN are known to affect bone development. Here, we review known mechanisms involved in these processes, with focus on the role of MKs and secreted factors. Understanding MPN-associated changes in bone health could improve early intervention and treatment of this side effect of the pathology.
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10
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Logan CA, Gao X, Utsunomiya H, Scibetta AC, Talwar M, Ravuri SK, Ruzbarsky JJ, Arner JW, Zhu D, Lowe WR, Philippon MJ, Huard J. The Beneficial Effect of an Intra-articular Injection of Losartan on Microfracture-Mediated Cartilage Repair Is Dose Dependent. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2509-2521. [PMID: 34259597 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211008655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous publication demonstrated that the oral intake of losartan promoted microfracture-mediated hyaline-like cartilage repair in osteochondral defects of a rabbit knee model. However, an intra-articular (IA) injection of losartan may have direct beneficial effects on cartilage repair and has not been studied. PURPOSE To determine the dosage and beneficial effects of an IA injection of losartan on microfracture-mediated cartilage repair and normal cartilage homeostasis. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Rabbits were divided into 5 groups (n = 6 each): a microfracture group (MFX group) and 4 different losartan treatment groups that received varying doses of IA losartan (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg per knee). An osteochondral defect (5 mm) was created in the trochlear groove cartilage of 1 limb in each rabbit, and 5 microfracture perforations were made in the osteochondral defect. Both the injured and the contralateral knee joints were injected with IA losartan immediately after microfracture and at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Rabbits were sacrificed at 6 weeks after surgery for analysis including gross observation, micro-computed tomography, histology, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Micro-computed tomography and gross observation demonstrated comparable subchondral bone healing and hyaline-like cartilage morphology in the 0.1-, 1-, and 10-mg losartan groups relative to the MFX group. Conversely, the 100-mg losartan group showed neither bony defect healing nor cartilage repair. Histology revealed higher O'Driscoll scores and hyaline-like cartilage regeneration in the 1-mg losartan group compared with the MFX group. In contrast, the 100-mg losartan group showed the lowest histology score and no cartilage repair. An IA injection of losartan at the doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg did not cause adverse effects on uninjured cartilage, while the 100-mg dose induced cartilage damage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed downregulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway after IA losartan injection. CONCLUSION An IA injection of losartan at the dose of 1 mg was most effective for the enhancement of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair without adversely affecting uninjured cartilage. Conversely, a high dose (100 mg) IA injection of losartan inhibited cartilage repair in the osteochondral defect and was chondrotoxic to normal articular cartilage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE An IA injection of losartan at an optimal dosage represents a novel microfracture enhancement therapy and warrants a clinical trial for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Logan
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hajime Utsunomiya
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex C Scibetta
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Mika Talwar
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Sudheer K Ravuri
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph J Ruzbarsky
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin W Arner
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walter R Lowe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marc J Philippon
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Luo J, Liu W, Feng F, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A novel therapeutic target for locomotor system diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174286. [PMID: 34174264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in abundant tissues, especially bone, joint and muscle tissue. This review focus on the effects of apelin/APJ system on locomotor system. An increasing number of evidence suggests that apelin/APJ system plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes of locomotor system. Physiologically, apelin/APJ system promotes bone formation, muscle metabolism and skeletal muscle production. Pathologically, apelin/APJ system exacerbates osteoarthritis pathogenesis, whereas it alleviates osteoporosis. Besides, the level of apelin expression is regulated by different training modes, including continuous aerobic exercise, high-intensity interval training and resistance exercises. More importantly, exercise-induced apelin may be a potent pharmacological agent for the treatment of diseases and the regulation of physiological processes. Considering the pleiotropic effects of apelin on locomotor system, apelin/APJ system may be an important therapeutic target for locomotor system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fen Feng
- School of Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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12
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McKenzie F, Mina K, Callewaert B, Beyens A, Dickinson JE, Jevon G, Papadimitriou J, Diness BR, Steensberg JN, Ek J, Baynam G. Severe congenital cutis laxa: Identification of novel homozygous LOX gene variants in two families. Clin Genet 2021; 100:168-175. [PMID: 33866545 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report three babies from two families with a severe lethal form of congenital cutis laxa. All three had redundant and doughy-textured skin and two siblings from one family had facial dysmorphism. Echocardiograms showed thickened and poorly contractile hearts, arterial dilatation and tortuosity. Post-mortem examination in two of the babies further revealed widespread ectasia and tortuosity of medium and large sized arteries, myocardial hypertrophy, rib and skull fractures. The presence of fractures initially suggested a diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta. Under light microscopy bony matrices were abnormal and arterial wall architecture was grossly abnormal showing fragmented elastic fibres. Molecular analysis of known cutis laxa genes did not yield any pathogenic defects. Whole exome sequencing of DNA following informed consent identified two separate homozygous variants in the LOX (Lysyl Oxidase) gene. LOX belongs to the 5-lysyl oxidase gene family involved in initiation of cross-linking of elastin and collagen. A mouse model of a different variant in this gene recapitulates the phenotype seen in the three babies. Our findings suggest that the LOX gene is a novel cause of severe congenital cutis laxa with arterial tortuosity, bone fragility and respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kym Mina
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aude Beyens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan E Dickinson
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Jevon
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, PathWest, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Papadimitriou
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Pathwest Laboratories, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Birgitte Rode Diness
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Ek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,The Western Australia Register of Developmental Anomalies, Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Division of Paediatrics and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Drouin A, Wallbillich N, Theberge M, Liu S, Katz J, Bellovoda K, Se Yun Cheon S, Gootkind F, Bierman E, Zavras J, Berberich MJ, Kalocsay M, Guastaldi F, Salvadori N, Troulis M, Fusco DN. Impact of Zika virus on the human type I interferon osteoimmune response. Cytokine 2021; 137:155342. [PMID: 33130337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing field of osteoimmunology supports importance of an interferon (IFN) response pathway in osteoblasts. Clarifying osteoblast-IFN interactions is important because IFN is used as salvage anti-tumor therapy but systemic toxicity is high with variable clinical results. In addition, osteoblast response to systemic bursts and disruptions of IFN pathways induced by viral infection may influence bone remodeling. ZIKA virus (ZIKV) infection impacts bone development in humans and IFN response in vitro. Consistently, initial evidence of permissivity to ZIKV has been reported in human osteoblasts. HYPOTHESIS Osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells are permissive to ZIKV and responsive to IFN. METHODS Multiple approaches were used to assess whether Saos-2 cells are permissive to ZIKV infection and exhibit IFN-mediated ZIKV suppression. Proteomic methods were used to evaluate impact of ZIKV and IFN on Saos-2 cells. RESULTS Evidence is presented confirming Saos-2 cells are permissive to ZIKV and support IFN-mediated suppression of ZIKV. ZIKV and IFN differentially impact the Saos-2 proteome, exemplified by HELZ2 protein which is upregulated by IFN but non responsive to ZIKV. Both ZIKV and IFN suppress proteins associated with microcephaly/pseudo-TORCH syndrome (BI1, KI20A and UBP18), and ZIKV induces potential entry factor PLVAP. CONCLUSIONS Transient ZIKV infection influences osteoimmune state, and IFN and ZIKV activate distinct proteomes in Saos-2 cells, which could inform therapeutic, engineered, disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Drouin
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States; Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States
| | - Nicholas Wallbillich
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States
| | - Marc Theberge
- Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States
| | - Sharon Liu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States
| | - Joshua Katz
- Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States
| | - Kamela Bellovoda
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Scarlett Se Yun Cheon
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Frederick Gootkind
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Emily Bierman
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jason Zavras
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Matthew J Berberich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Building, 200 Longwood, Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Marian Kalocsay
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Armenise Building, 200 Longwood, Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Fernando Guastaldi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Nicolas Salvadori
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD)-PHPT, Marseille, France; Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Maria Troulis
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70114, United States.
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14
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Xiao W, He J, Fu W, Xu Y, Zhang Z. LOX gene polymorphisms are associated with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture in postmenopausal Chinese women. Gene 2020; 741:144543. [PMID: 32165300 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collagen cross-linking, which is regulated by lysyl oxidase (LOX), plays critical roles in bone mechanical strength. LOX can influence bone remodeling by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity. This study aimed to explore the effect of LOX gene polymorphisms on osteoporotic fractures susceptibility in postmenopausal Chinese women. METHODS This was a prospective study of postmenopausal women who visited the outpatient and community clinics of the local Hospital. Five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LOX gene were determined. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fractures were confirmed by X-ray and divided into: vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and non-OVCF (all other fractures). RESULTS This study included 602 patients with non-traumatic fractures and 1343 healthy volunteers. The rs1800449 was significantly associated with vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) after adjusting for age and BMI (P = 0.012). Compared with subjects with the GG genotype, the risk of having OVCF was 1.28 and 1.74, respectively for subjects with the GA and AA genotypes (P = 0.043 and P = 0.018). A recessive genetic model showed that carriers of the AA genotype had higher fracture risk compared to G carriers (GA and GG genotypes) (P = 0.015). The rs2288393 SNP exhibited marginally significant association with OVCF (P = 0.051). Haplotype analyses corroborated our single SNP results: both haplotype CGA and CCG contained rs10519694, rs2288393, and rs1800449, and were significant associated with OVCF (P = 0.048 and P = 0.032, respectively). On the other hand, we found no evidence of an association of LOX gene allelic variants with either BMD or non-OVCF (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in LOX may contribute to susceptibility to OVCF in Chinese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Jinwei He
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China; Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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15
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Wei S, Gao L, Wu C, Qin F, Yuan J. Role of the lysyl oxidase family in organ development (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:163-172. [PMID: 32536990 PMCID: PMC7282176 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase proteins (LOXs) are amine oxidases, which are mainly located in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts and serve an important role in the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a copper-dependent manner. Owing to the ability of LOX proteins to modulate crosslinking between collagens and to promote the deposition of other fibers, they serve crucially in organogenesis and the subsequent organ development, as well as disease initiation and progression. In addition, ECM formation significantly influences organ morphological formation in both cancer- and non-tumor-related diseases, in addition to cellular epigenetic transformation and migration, under the influence of LOXs. A number of different signaling pathways regulate the LOXs expression and their enzymatic activation. The tissue remodeling and transformation process shares some resemblance between oncogenesis and embryogenesis. Additionally the roles that LOXs serve appeared to be stressed during oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. It has also been indicated LOXs have a noteworthy role in non-tumor diseases. Nonetheless, the role of LOXs in systemic or local organ development and disease control remains unknown. In the present study, the essential roles that LOXs play in embryogenesis were unveiled partially, whereas the role of LOXs in organ or systematic development requires further investigations. The present review aimed to discuss the roles of members of the LOX family in the context of the remodeling of organogenesis and organ development. In addition, the consequences of the malfunction of these proteins related to the development of abnormalities and resulting diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzun Wei
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Changjing Wu
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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16
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Daley EJ, Pajevic PD, Roy S, Trackman PC. Impaired Gastric Hormone Regulation of Osteoblasts and Lysyl Oxidase Drives Bone Disease in Diabetes Mellitus. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10212. [PMID: 31687648 PMCID: PMC6820454 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic bone disease is a complication of type I and type II diabetes, both of which are increasing in the United States and elsewhere. Increased hip and foot fracture rates do not correlate well with changes in bone mineral density (BMD), whereas studies support the importance of collagen structure to bone strength. Extracellular lysyl oxidase (LOX) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of hydroxylysine and lysine residues in collagens resulting in aldehydes that subsequently form critically important biosynthetic crosslinks that stabilize functional collagens. Although LOX-dependent biosynthetic crosslinks in bone collagen are deficient in diabetic bone, the expression and regulation of bone LOXs in diabetes have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we found that LOX is profoundly downregulated in bone in diabetes. Moreover, we have identified a novel metabolic regulatory relationship that is dysregulated in diabetes using mouse models. Data indicate that the incretin (gastric hormone) known as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) that is anabolic to osteoblasts strongly upregulates LOX, and that this regulation is disrupted in the streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes in mice. In vivo and in vitro studies support that diabetes results in elevated circulating peripheral dopamine, likely also derived from the gut, and is responsible for blocking GIP signaling and LOX levels in osteoblasts. Moreover, peripheral administration of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist amisulpride to diabetic mice restored trabecular bone structure to near normal and partially reversed downregulation of LOX. Taken together our data identifies a novel metabolic relationship between the gut-derived hormone GIP and bone-derived LOX, and points to the importance of LOX dysregulation in the pathology of diabetic bone disease. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen J Daley
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBostonMAUSA
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBostonMAUSA
| | - Sayon Roy
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Philip C Trackman
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBostonMAUSA
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17
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Park S, Arai Y, Kim BJ, Bello A, Ashraf S, Park H, Park KS, Lee SH. Suppression of SPRY4 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1646-1657. [PMID: 30982407 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) into different cell types has shown great therapeutic potential in treating various diseases. To maximize the therapeutic potentials, researchers have tried manipulating master transcriptional genes that promote efficient differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) such as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Sprouty (SPRY) is a family of proteins that are known to inhibit the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Although the role of some SPRY isoforms in MSC differentiation is known, the function of SPRY4 isoform has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the role of SPRY4 in the multilineage differentiation of hASCs has been elucidated. To investigate the role of SPRY4 in hASC differentiation and tissue regeneration, we performed a transient knockdown of SPRY expression via a small interfering RNA (siSPRY4). Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that the treatment of siSPRY4 before induction of differentiation had no significant effect on adipogenic, but reduced chondrogenic, differentiation of hASCs. Interestingly, SPRY4 transient knockdown had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation as indicated by the increased messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 2.3-fold) and osteopontin (OPN; 3.5-fold) and increased calcium deposition measured via Alizarin red staining (3.3-fold). Moreover, in vivo tissue regeneration of siSPRY4-treated hASCs in ectopic bone formation and calvarial defect mouse models showed higher bone volume (5.24-fold) and trabecular number (4.59-fold) assessed via histological and microcomputed tomography analyses. We also determined that the enhanced osteogenic differentiation in SPRY4-treated hASCs was due to the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that the regulation of SPRY4 through MAPK signaling is a potentially critical aspect on the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs and for bone tissue regeneration, and thus, may be utilized as a potent technique in the development of effective bone therapeutics. Impact Statement This study tried to expand our current understanding of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The transient downregulation of the SPRY4 expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed significant enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells via the induction of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. This suggests the possible mechanism to maximize the potential of stem cell as therapeutics and has a great potential in treating various bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ju Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvin Bello
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
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18
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Mubarak S, Masako N, Al-Omari FA, Keisuke H, Katsumi U. Effect of Collagen Cross-Link Deficiency on Incorporation of Grafted Bone. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7020045. [PMID: 31052355 PMCID: PMC6630422 DOI: 10.3390/dj7020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone matrix collagen, is one of the major contributors to bone quality. No studies have examined how bone quality affects the results of bone transplantation. Collagen cross-links (CCL) are the key factor in collagen properties. The purpose was to investigate the influences of CCL for both grafted bone and recipient site bone on the success of bone augmentation. Four-week-old male Wister rats (n = 54) were divided into control and test groups. Control and test groups equally sub-divided into donors and recipients. An additional six rats were used to characterize bone at day zero. Test groups received 0.2% beta-aminoproperionitrile (BAPN) for 4 weeks as CCL inhibitor. Animals were further divided into donor and recipient groups. The transplanted bone chips integrated with host bone by 25% more in CCL-deficient animals compared to control. However, no difference in cortical thickness among all conditions. CCL-deficient transplanted bone did not show any extra signs of osteocyte apoptosis, while sclerostin expression was comparable to that in control. The host periosteum of CCL-deficient animals showed higher cellular activity, as well as higher bone quantity and osteoclast activity. Collagen cross-links deficiency in host bone might accelerate the incorporation of grafted bone. effect. Incorporation of the bone grafts appears to depend mainly on host condition rather than graft condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Mubarak
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Nagasawa Masako
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Farah A Al-Omari
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Hamaya Keisuke
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Uoshima Katsumi
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
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19
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Genes involved in angiogenesis and circulatory system development are differentially expressed in porcine epithelial oviductal cells during long-term primary in vitro culture – a transcriptomic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/acb-2018-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
An oviduct is an essential organ for gamete transport, oocyte maturation, fertilization, spermatozoon capacitation and early embryo development. The epithelium plays an important role in oviduct functioning. The products of secretory cells provide an optimal environment and influence gamete activities and embryonic development. The oviduct physiology changes during the female cycle, thus, the ratio of the secreted molecules in the oviduct fluid differs between phases. In this study, a differential gene expression in porcine oviduct epithelial cells was examined during the long-term primary in vitro culture. The microarray expression analysis revealed 2552 genes, 1537 of which were upregulated and 995 were downregulated after 7 days of culture, with subsequent changes in expression during 30 day-long culture. The obtained genes were classified into 8 GO BP terms, connected with angiogenesis and circulatory system development, extracted by DAVID software. Among all genes, 10 most up-regulated and 10 most down-regulated genes were selected for further investigation. Interactions between genes were indicated by STRING software and REACTOME FIViz application to the Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Most of the genes belonged to more than one ontology group. Although studied genes are mostly responsible for angiogenesis and circulatory system development, they can also be found to be expressed in processes connected with fertilization and early embryo development. The latter function is focused on more, considering the fact that these genes were expressed in epithelial cells of the fallopian tube which is largely responsible for reproductive processes.
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20
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Jiang WY, Xing C, Wang HW, Wang W, Chen SZ, Ning LF, Xu X, Tang QQ, Huang HY. A Lox/CHOP-10 crosstalk governs osteogenic and adipogenic cell fate by MSCs. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5097-5108. [PMID: 30044535 PMCID: PMC6156357 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated marrow adipogenesis has been associated with ageing and osteoporosis and is thought to be because of an imbalance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). We have previously found that lysyl oxidase (Lox) inhibition disrupts BMP4‐induced adipocytic lineage commitment and differentiation of MSCs. In this study, we found that lox inhibition dramatically up‐regulates BMP4‐induced expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein 10 (CHOP‐10), which then promotes BMP4‐induced osteogenesis of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, Lox inhibition or CHOP‐10 up‐regulation activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling to enhance BMP4‐induced osteogenesis, with pro‐adipogenic p38 MAPK and Smad signalling suppressed. Together, we demonstrate that Lox/CHOP‐10 crosstalk regulates BMP4‐induced osteogenic and adipogenic fate determination of MSCs, presenting a promising therapeutic target for osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Biliary and Pancreatic Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Biliary and Pancreatic Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Fang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Han SY, Lee KH, Kim YK. Poligoni Multiflori Radix enhances osteoblast formation and reduces osteoclast differentiation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:331-345. [PMID: 29620250 PMCID: PMC5979931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poligoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) is a traditional Korean medicinal herb that is known to have various pharmacological effects, including antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of PMR on bone metabolism have not been elucidated to date. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effect of PMR water extract on the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Effects of PMR water extract on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and survival of mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) obtained from femurs were investigated by tartrate-acid resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and XTT assay. Expression of osteoclast-related genes was assayed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the effects of PMR water extract on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation were investigated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining, and levels of mRNA encoding known osteoblast markers. Furthermore, the effects of PMR water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss were examined in a mouse model. PMR inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of BMMs in a dose-dependent manner without significant cytotoxicity, and suppressed expression of the main osteoclast differentiation markers Fos proto-oncogene and nuclear factor of activated T-cell. In addition, PMR decreased the mRNA expression levels of NFATc1 target genes, including TRAP, osteoclast-associated receptor, ATPase H+ transporting, lysosomal 38 kDa V0 subunit d2, and Cathepsin K. These inhibitory effects were mediated by the p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Simultaneously, PMR enhanced the differentiation of primary osteoblasts, and increased the mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, ALP, osterix, and osteocalcin. Notably, PMR improved LPS-induced trabecular bone loss in mice. Collectively, the present findings demonstrated that PMR may regulate bone remodeling by reducing osteoclast differentiation and stimulating osteoblast formation. These results suggest that PMR may be used for the treatment of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Han
- Department of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Lee
- Department of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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22
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Shi L, Zhang N, Liu H, Zhao L, Liu J, Wan J, Wu W, Lei H, Liu R, Han M. Lysyl oxidase inhibition via β-aminoproprionitrile hampers human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and migration in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5029-5036. [PMID: 29393489 PMCID: PMC5865964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme that oxidizes lysine residues in collagens and elastin. It stabilizes or remodels the extracellular matrix and basement membrane of blood vessels. Current oncology studies have revealed that LOX is upregulated in invasive cancer cells and bolstered cell movement, and LOX was observed to promote the angiogenesis and migration of endothelial cells. In the present study, angiogenesis and migration were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Following cell treatment with 0.1-0.4 mM β-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN), a specific inhibitor of LOX, angiogenesis was analyzed with a fibrin gel in vitro angiogenesis assay kit and migration was examined via a Boyden Chamber assay. Angiogenesis-associated gene expression was investigated with a microarray assay and confirmed with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results showed that HUVEC angiogenesis substantially increased in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In addition, LOX inhibition blocked the angiogenesis stimulated by VEGF bFGF and PMA, and the inhibition of LOX reduced the migration of HUVECs. Furthermore, the microarray and RT-qPCR revealed that BAPN downregulated myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1, and western blot analysis demonstrated that BAPN decreased the phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt, suggesting that the specific inhibitor of LOX, BAPN, may serve as an alternative strategy for preventing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hetao Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hetian Lei
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rongqing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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23
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Cai L, Zhang D, Liu W, Cui Y, Jing J, Xie J, Zhou X. Effects of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on the regulation of the lysyl oxidase family in ovariectomized mice. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30629-30641. [PMID: 35546858 PMCID: PMC9087977 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a highly prevalent chronic disease. The anabolic agent parathyroid hormone (PTH) is often prescribed for the treatment of OP to strengthen bone quality and decrease the risk of fracture, although the specific mechanisms are still unclear. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) can stabilize the organic matrix through catalyzing the cross-linking of collagen and elastin. In this study, we established osteoporotic models via ovariectomizing C57BL/6J mice and treating them with PTH. We further aimed to determine the expression changes of the LOX family, impacted by PTH, in ovariectomized mice. We observed that bone mass was reduced and bone microstructure was deteriorative in ovariectomized mice. And PTH attenuated the microstructural damage and accelerated bone remodeling, as confirmed via μCT and HE staining. Serum levels of copper and zinc indirectly proved the results. The expression levels of five members of the LOX family all declined in ovariectomized mice compared to in sham-operated control mice (p < 0.05), and the daily injection of PTH successfully reversed the low expression of LOXs in OP. The current study examined expression changes of LOXs in osteoporotic mice and PTH-treated osteoporotic mice for the first time, and provided an important piece of evidence that the aberrant expression of LOXs had intimate associations with the occurrence and development of OP. And LOXs may act as the downstream effectors of PTH, contributing to unbalanced bone metabolism and damaged bone microstructure. Consequently, LOXs may act as promising therapeutic targets for OP. LOX family is a potential target in ovariectomized osteoporosis (OP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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24
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Gao L, Wu C, Fu F, You X, Ma X, Qin F, Li T, Wang R, Yuan J. Effect of lysyl oxidase (LOX) on corpus cavernous fibrosis caused by ischaemic priapism. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:2018-2022. [PMID: 29278308 PMCID: PMC5824375 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile fibrosis caused by ischemic priapism (IP) adversely affects patients’ erectile function. We explored the role of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in rat and human penes after ischemic priapism (IP) to verify the effects of anti‐LOX in relieving penile fibrosis and preventing erectile dysfunction caused by IP in rats. Seventy‐two rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, control + β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN) group, 9 hrs group, 9 hrs + BAPN group, 24 hrs group, and 24 hrs + BAPN group. β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a specific inhibitor of LOX, was administered in the drinking water. At 1 week and 4 weeks, half of the rats in each group were randomly selected for the experiment. Compared to the control group, the erectile function of IP rats was significantly decreased while the expression of LOX in the corpus cavernosum was significantly up‐regulated in both 9 and 24 hrs group. Proliferated fibroblasts, decreased corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells/collagen ratios, destroyed endothelial continuity, deposited abnormal collagen and disorganized fibers were observed in IP rats. The relative content of collage I and III was not obviously different among the groups. β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN) could effectively improve the structure and erectile function of the penis, and enhance recovery. The data in this study suggests that LOX may play an important role in the fibrosis of corpus cavernosum after IP and anti‐LOX may be a novel target for patients suffering with IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changjing Wu
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fudong Fu
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuanhe You
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Qin
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Run Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- The Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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25
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Bar-Maisels M, Gabet Y, Shamir R, Hiram-Bab S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Phillip M, Bar-Yoseph F, Gat-Yablonski G. Beta Palmitate Improves Bone Length and Quality during Catch-Up Growth in Young Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070764. [PMID: 28718808 PMCID: PMC5537878 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in human milk, where it is heavily concentrated in the sn-2-position (termed beta palmitate, BPA) and as such is conserved in all women, regardless of their diet or ethnicity, indicating its physiological and metabolic importance. We hypothesized that BPA improves the efficiency of nutrition-induced catch up growth as compared to sn-1,3 PA, which is present in vegetable oil. Pre-pubertal male rats were subjected to a 17 days food restriction followed by re-feeding for nine days with 1,3 PA or BPA-containing diets. We measured bone length, epiphyseal growth plate height (EGP, histology), bone quality (micro-CT and 3-point bending assay), and gene expression (Affymetrix). The BPA-containing diet improved most growth parameters: humeri length and EGP height were greater in the BPA-fed animals. Further analysis of the EGP revealed that the hypertrophic zone was significantly higher in the BPA group. In addition, Affymetrix analysis revealed that the diet affected the expression of several genes in the liver and EGP. Despite the very subtle difference between the diets and the short re-feeding period, we found a small but significant improvement in most growth parameters in the BPA-fed rats. This pre-clinical study may have important implications, especially for children with growth disorders and children with special nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytal Bar-Maisels
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Institute for Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel.
- The Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel.
| | - Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- The Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel.
| | - Fabiana Bar-Yoseph
- Enzymotec Ltd., Sagi 2000 Industrial Park, Migdal HaEmeq 2310001, Israel.
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- The Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel.
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26
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Trackman PC. Lysyl Oxidase Isoforms and Potential Therapeutic Opportunities for Fibrosis and Cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:935-45. [PMID: 26848785 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1151003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lysyl oxidase family of enzymes is classically known as being required for connective tissue maturation by oxidizing lysine residues in elastin and lysine and hydroxylysine residues in collagen precursors. The resulting aldehydes then participate in cross-link formation, which is required for normal connective tissue integrity. These enzymes have biological functions that extend beyond this fundamental biosynthetic role, with contributions to angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of lysyl oxidases occurs in multiple pathologies including fibrosis, primary and metastatic cancers, and complications of diabetes in a variety of tissues. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the major findings of novel roles for lysyl oxidases in pathologies, and highlights some of the potential therapeutic approaches that are in development and which stem from these new findings. EXPERT OPINION Fundamental questions remain regarding the mechanisms of novel biological functions of this family of proteins, and regarding functions that are independent of their catalytic enzyme activity. However, progress is underway in the development of isoform-specific pharmacologic inhibitors, potential therapeutic antibodies and gaining an increased understanding of both tumor suppressor and metastasis promotion activities. Ultimately, this is likely to lead to novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Trackman
- a Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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27
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Trackman PC. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions of the lysyl oxidase family in bone. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:7-18. [PMID: 26772152 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the biological roles of the lysyl oxidase family of enzyme proteins in bone structure and function are reviewed. This family of proteins is well-known as catalyzing the final reaction required for cross-linking of collagens and elastin. Novel emerging roles for these proteins in the phenotypic development of progenitor cells and in angiogenesis are highlighted and which point to enzymatic and non-enzymatic roles for this family in bone development and homeostasis and in disease. The explosion of interest in the lysyl oxidase family in the cancer field highlights the need to have a better understanding of the functions of this protein family in normal and abnormal connective tissue homeostasis at fundamental molecular and cellular levels including in mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Trackman
- Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W-201, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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