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Yang G, Li C, Tao F, Liu Y, Zhu M, Du Y, Fei C, She Q, Chen J. The emerging roles of lysine-specific demethylase 4A in cancer: Implications in tumorigenesis and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2024; 11:645-663. [PMID: 37692513 PMCID: PMC10491877 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 4 A (KDM4A, also named JMJD2A, KIA0677, or JHDM3A) is a demethylase that can remove methyl groups from histones H3K9me2/3, H3K36me2/3, and H1.4K26me2/me3. Accumulating evidence suggests that KDM4A is not only involved in body homeostasis (such as cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, and tissue development) but also associated with multiple human diseases, especially cancers. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of KDM4A significantly attenuates tumor progression in vitro and in vivo in a range of solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia. Although there are several reviews on the roles of the KDM4 subfamily in cancer development and therapy, all of them only briefly introduce the roles of KDM4A in cancer without systematically summarizing the specific mechanisms of KDM4A in various physiological and pathological processes, especially in tumorigenesis, which greatly limits advances in the understanding of the roles of KDM4A in a variety of cancers, discovering targeted selective KDM4A inhibitors, and exploring the adaptive profiles of KDM4A antagonists. Herein, we present the structure and functions of KDM4A, simply outline the functions of KDM4A in homeostasis and non-cancer diseases, summarize the role of KDM4A and its distinct target genes in the development of a variety of cancers, systematically classify KDM4A inhibitors, summarize the difficulties encountered in the research of KDM4A and the discovery of related drugs, and provide the corresponding solutions, which would contribute to understanding the recent research trends on KDM4A and advancing the progression of KDM4A as a drug target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Changyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Fan Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chenjie Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qiusheng She
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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Liang Y, Wang C, Yu S, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Zhou R, Yan W, Sun Y. IOX1 epigenetically enhanced photothermal therapy of 3D-printing silicene scaffolds against osteosarcoma with favorable bone regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100887. [PMID: 38144518 PMCID: PMC10746365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the third most common malignancy in adolescence. Currently, the treatments of OS confront great obstacles of tumor recurrence and critical bone defects after surgery, severely affecting the survival rates and living qualities of patients. Hence, it is urged to develop distinct biomaterials with both efficient tumor therapeutic and osteogenic functions. Although photothermal therapy (PTT) has aroused expanding interest, characterizing negligible invasiveness and high spatiotemporal adjustment, few studies discussed its drawbacks, such as thermal injury to adjacent normal tissue and exceeded laser power density, implying that focusing on sensitizing OS to PTT instead of simply elevating the laser power density may be a fresh way to enhance the PTT efficacy and attenuate the side/adverse effects. Herein, we successfully constructed 3D-printing silicene bioactive glass scaffolds with preferable PTT efficacy at the second near-infrared (NIR-II) biowindow and outstanding osteogenic biofunctions owing to the release of bioactive elements during degradation. Impressively, a histone demethylase inhibitor, IOX1, was introduced before PTT to sensitize OS to thermal therapy and minimize the side/adverse effects. This work offered a distinctive paradigm for optimizing the PTT efficacy of osteogenic scaffolds against OS with epigenetic modulation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Liang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yujia Fan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Renpeng Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yangbai Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Srivastava R, Singh R, Jauhari S, Lodhi N, Srivastava R. Histone Demethylase Modulation: Epigenetic Strategy to Combat Cancer Progression. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:epigenomes7020010. [PMID: 37218871 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable, reversible changes in histones or the DNA that control gene functions, being exogenous to the genomic sequence itself. Human diseases, particularly cancer, are frequently connected to epigenetic dysregulations. One of them is histone methylation, which is a dynamically reversible and synchronously regulated process that orchestrates the three-dimensional epigenome, nuclear processes of transcription, DNA repair, cell cycle, and epigenetic functions, by adding or removing methylation groups to histones. Over the past few years, reversible histone methylation has become recognized as a crucial regulatory mechanism for the epigenome. With the development of numerous medications that target epigenetic regulators, epigenome-targeted therapy has been used in the treatment of malignancies and has shown meaningful therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical trials. The present review focuses on the recent advances in our knowledge on the role of histone demethylases in tumor development and modulation, in emphasizing molecular mechanisms that control cancer cell progression. Finally, we emphasize current developments in the advent of new molecular inhibitors that target histone demethylases to regulate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rubi Singh
- Department of Hematology, Bioreference Laboratories, Elmwood Park, NJ 07407, USA
| | - Shaurya Jauhari
- Division of Education, Training, and Assessment, Global Education Center, Infosys Limited, Mysuru 570027, Karnataka, India
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Clinical Research (Research and Development Division) Mirna Analytics LLC, Harlem Bio-Space, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rakesh Srivastava
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, GenTox Research and Development, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yang Y, Luan Y, Yuan RX, Luan Y. Histone Methylation Related Therapeutic Challenge in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:710053. [PMID: 34568453 PMCID: PMC8458636 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.710053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is predicted to spread rapidly in advanced countries accompanied by the high prevalence of risk factors. In terms of pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of CVDs is featured by multiple disorders, including vascular inflammation accompanied by simultaneously perturbed pathways, such as cell death and acute/chronic inflammatory reactions. Epigenetic alteration is involved in the regulation of genome stabilization and cellular homeostasis. The association between CVD progression and histone modifications is widely known. Among the histone modifications, histone methylation is a reversible process involved in the development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Abnormal methylation can promote CVD progression. This review discusses histone methylation and the enzymes involved in the cardiovascular system and determine the effects of histone methyltransferases and demethylases on the pathogenesis of CVDs. We will further demonstrate key proteins mediated by histone methylation in blood vessels and review histone methylation-mediated cardiomyocytes and cellular functions and pathways in CVDs. Finally, we will summarize the role of inhibitors of histone methylation and demethylation in CVDs and analyze their therapeutic potential, based on previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui-Xia Yuan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Baby S, Gurukkala Valapil D, Shankaraiah N. Unravelling KDM4 histone demethylase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1841-1856. [PMID: 34051367 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic enzyme-targeted therapy is a promising new development in the field of drug discovery. To date, histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases have been investigated as druggable epigenetic enzyme targets in cancer therapeutics. Histone methyltransferases and lysine demethylase inhibitors are the latest groups of epi-drugs being actively studied in clinical trials. KDM4s are JmjC domain-containing histone H3 lysine 9/36 demethylase enzymes, belonging to the 2-OG-dependent oxygenases, which are upregulated in multiple malignancies. In the recent years, these enzymes have captured much attention as a novel target in cancer therapy. Herein, we traverse the discovery path and current challenges in designing potent KDM4 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. We discuss the considerable efforts and proposed future strategies to develop selective small molecule inhibitors of KDM4s, highlighting scaffold candidates and cyclic skeletons for which activity data, selectivity profiles and structure-activity relationships (SARs) have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephin Baby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Durgesh Gurukkala Valapil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Zhu Q, Liang F, Cai S, Luo X, Duo T, Liang Z, He Z, Chen Y, Mo D. KDM4A regulates myogenesis by demethylating H3K9me3 of myogenic regulatory factors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:514. [PMID: 34011940 PMCID: PMC8134519 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, cell differentiation, development and tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the function of KDM4A in muscle development and regeneration. Here, we found that the conditional ablation of KDM4A in skeletal muscle caused impairment of embryonic and postnatal muscle formation. The loss of KDM4A in satellite cells led to defective muscle regeneration and blocked the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Myogenic differentiation and myotube formation in KDM4A-deficient myoblasts were inhibited. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that KDM4A promoted myogenesis by removing the histone methylation mark H3K9me3 at MyoD, MyoG and Myf5 locus. Furthermore, inactivation of KDM4A in myoblasts suppressed myoblast differentiation and accelerated H3K9me3 level. Knockdown of KDM4A in vitro reduced myoblast proliferation through enhancing the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21 and decreasing the expression of cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Together, our findings identify KDM4A as an important regulator for skeletal muscle development and regeneration, orchestrating myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Hypoxia-Driven Effects in Cancer: Characterization, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030678. [PMID: 33808542 PMCID: PMC8003323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, greatly hinders the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The depletion of oxygen in proliferating and advanced tumors causes an array of genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic adaptations that promote survival, metastasis, and a clinically malignant phenotype. At the nexus of these interconnected pathways are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) which orchestrate transcriptional responses under hypoxia. The following review summarizes current literature regarding effects of hypoxia on DNA repair, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the cancer stem cell phenotype, and therapy resistance. We also discuss mechanisms and pathways, such as HIF signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, exosomes, and the unfolded protein response, that contribute to hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes. Finally, novel therapeutics that target the hypoxic tumor microenvironment or interfere with hypoxia-induced pathways are reviewed.
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Wulansari N, Sulistio YA, Darsono WHW, Kim CH, Lee SH. LIF maintains mouse embryonic stem cells pluripotency by modulating TET1 and JMJD2 activity in a JAK2-dependent manner. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:750-760. [PMID: 33529470 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The LIF-JAK2-STAT3 pathway is the central signal transducer that maintains undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), which is achieved by the recruitment of activated STAT3 to the master pluripotency genes and activation of the gene transcriptions. It remains unclear, however, how the epigenetic status required for the master gene transcriptions is built into LIF-treated mESC cultures. In this study, Jak2, but not Stat3, in the LIF canonical pathway, establishes an open epigenetic status in the pluripotency gene promoter regions. Upon LIF activation, cytosolic JAK2 was translocalized into the nucleus of mESCs, and reduced DNA methylation (5mC levels) along with increasing DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) in the pluripotent gene (Nanog/Pou5f1) promoter regions. In addition, the repressive histone codes H3K9m3/H3K27m3 were reduced by JAK2. Activated JAK2 directly interacted with the core epigenetic enzymes TET1 and JMJD2, modulating its activity and promotes the DNA and histone demethylation, respectively. The JAK2 effects were attained by tyrosine phosphorylation on the epigenetic enzymes. The effects of JAK2 phosphorylation on the enzymes were diverse, but all were merged to the epigenetic signatures associated with open DNA/chromatin structures. Taken together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized epigenetic regulatory role of JAK2 as an important mediator of mESC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noviana Wulansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wahyu Handoko Wibowo Darsono
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Tian T, Xie R, Ding K, Han B, Yang Q, Yang X. IOX1 protects from TGF-β induced fibrosis in LX-2 cells via the regulation of extracellular matrix protein expression. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 33488789 PMCID: PMC7812578 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the histone H3K9 demethylase inhibitor, IOX1, on the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis in TGF-β-induced human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, histone H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), type I collagen (Col I), MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were measured. H3K9me2 levels in the promoter region of ECM-related genes were detected by real-time cell analysis (RTCA), flow cytometry, western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in LX-2 cells. IOX1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and the IC50 of IOX1 was 100 µM in cells treated with IOX1 for 48 h. IOX1 significantly induced apoptosis in LX-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, different concentration of IOX1 increased the level of H3K9me2 and downregulated the expression of α-SMA, Col I, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in TGF-β-induced LX-2 cells. ChIP measurements indicated that H3K9me2 levels in the promotor region of the corresponding genes were increased in TGF-β-induced LX-2 cells. IOX1 may elevate H3K9me2 in the promotor region of Col I, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 genes to regulate α-SMA, Col I, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression to induce cell apoptosis, inhibit LX-2 cell proliferation and oppose hepatic fibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Eugenic Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Xie
- Department of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Kaize Ding
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Eugenic Genetics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
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Macedo-Silva C, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Lameirinhas A, Lencart J, Pereira A, Lobo J, Guimarães R, Martins AT, Henrique R, Bravo I, Jerónimo C. JmjC-KDMs KDM3A and KDM6B modulate radioresistance under hypoxic conditions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 33318475 PMCID: PMC7736883 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most frequent esophageal cancer (EC) subtype, entails dismal prognosis. Hypoxia, a common feature of advanced ESCC, is involved in resistance to radiotherapy (RT). RT response in hypoxia might be modulated through epigenetic mechanisms, constituting novel targets to improve patient outcome. Post-translational methylation in histone can be partially modulated by histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), which specifically removes methyl groups in certain lysine residues. KDMs deregulation was associated with tumor aggressiveness and therapy failure. Thus, we sought to unveil the role of Jumonji C domain histone lysine demethylases (JmjC-KDMs) in ESCC radioresistance acquisition. The effectiveness of RT upon ESCC cells under hypoxic conditions was assessed by colony formation assay. KDM3A/KDM6B expression, and respective H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 target marks, were evaluated by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Effect of JmjC-KDM inhibitor IOX1, as well as KDM3A knockdown, in in vitro functional cell behavior and RT response was assessed in ESCC under hypoxic conditions. In vivo effect of combined IOX1 and ionizing radiation treatment was evaluated in ESCC cells using CAM assay. KDM3A, KDM6B, HIF-1α, and CAIX immunoexpression was assessed in primary ESCC and normal esophagus. Herein, we found that hypoxia promoted ESCC radioresistance through increased KDM3A/KDM6B expression, enhancing cell survival and migration and decreasing DNA damage and apoptosis, in vitro. Exposure to IOX1 reverted these features, increasing ESCC radiosensitivity and decreasing ESCC microtumors size, in vivo. KDM3A was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared to the normal esophagus, associating and colocalizing with hypoxic markers (HIF-1α and CAIX). Therefore, KDM3A upregulation in ESCC cell lines and primary tumors associated with hypoxia, playing a critical role in EC aggressiveness and radioresistance. KDM3A targeting, concomitant with conventional RT, constitutes a promising strategy to improve ESCC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo-Silva
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lameirinhas
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Lencart
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Medical Physics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Pereira
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Medical Physics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Martins
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
- Departments of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Bravo
- Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Radiation Protection Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Yao Z, Chen Y, Cao W, Shyh-Chang N. Chromatin-modifying drugs and metabolites in cell fate control. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12898. [PMID: 32979011 PMCID: PMC7653270 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For multicellular organisms, it is essential to produce a variety of specialized cells to perform a dazzling panoply of functions. Chromatin plays a vital role in determining cellular identities, and it dynamically regulates gene expression in response to changing nutrient metabolism and environmental conditions. Intermediates produced by cellular metabolic pathways are used as cofactors or substrates for chromatin modification. Drug analogues of metabolites that regulate chromatin‐modifying enzyme reactions can also regulate cell fate by adjusting chromatin organization. In recent years, there have been many studies about how chromatin‐modifying drug molecules or metabolites can interact with chromatin to regulate cell fate. In this review, we systematically discuss how DNA and histone‐modifying molecules alter cell fate by regulating chromatin conformation and propose a mechanistic model that explains the process of cell fate transitions in a concise and qualitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Camacho J, Truong L, Kurt Z, Chen YW, Morselli M, Gutierrez G, Pellegrini M, Yang X, Allard P. The Memory of Environmental Chemical Exposure in C. elegans Is Dependent on the Jumonji Demethylases jmjd-2 and jmjd-3/utx-1. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2392-2404. [PMID: 29791850 PMCID: PMC6003705 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How artificial environmental cues are biologically integrated and transgenerationally inherited is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanisms of inheritance of reproductive outcomes elicited by the model environmental chemical Bisphenol A in C. elegans. We show that Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure causes the derepression of an epigenomically silenced transgene in the germline for 5 generations, regardless of ancestral response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), histone modification quantitation, and immunofluorescence assays revealed that this effect is associated with a reduction of the repressive marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in whole worms and in germline nuclei in the F3, as well as with reproductive dysfunctions, including germline apoptosis and embryonic lethality. Furthermore, targeting of the Jumonji demethylases JMJD-2 and JMJD-3/UTX-1 restores H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 levels, respectively, and it fully alleviates the BPA-induced transgenerational effects. Together, our results demonstrate the central role of repressive histone modifications in the inheritance of reproductive defects elicited by a common environmental chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Camacho
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Human Genetics and Genomic Analysis Training Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zeyneb Kurt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yen-Wei Chen
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marco Morselli
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gerardo Gutierrez
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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13
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Ahn HJ, Hwang SY, Nguyen NH, Lee IJ, Lee EJ, Seong J, Lee JS. Radiation-Induced CXCL12 Upregulation via Histone Modification at the Promoter in the Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cells 2019; 42:530-545. [PMID: 31362469 PMCID: PMC6681868 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can vary epigenetically during ionizing irradiation (IR) treatment. These epigenetic variegations can influence IR response and shape tumor aggressiveness. However, epigenetic disturbance of histones after IR, implicating in IR responsiveness, has been elusive. Here, we investigate whether altered histone modification after IR can influence radiation responsiveness. The oncogenic CXCL12 mRNA and protein were more highly expressed in residual cancer cells from a hepatoma heterotopic murine tumor microenvironment and coculture of human hepatoma Huh7 and normal IMR90 cells after radiation. H3K4 methylation was also enriched and H3K9 methylation was decreased at its promoter region. Accordingly, invasiveness and the subpopulation of aggressive CD133+/CD24- cells increased after IR. Histone demethylase inhibitor IOX1 attenuated CXCL12 expression and the malignant subpopulation, suggesting that responses to IR can be partially mediated via histone modifications. Taken together, radiation-induced histone alterations at the CXCL12 promoter in hepatoma cells are linked to CXCL12 upregulation and increased aggressiveness in the tumor microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzylamines
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/radiation effects
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Cyclams
- Epigenesis, Genetic/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/radiation effects
- Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/radiation effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/radiation effects
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/radiation effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- X-Rays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Jun Ahn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
- Functional Cellunomics Institute, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Ngoc Hoan Nguyen
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Medical College, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Medical College, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Medical College, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
- Functional Cellunomics Institute, Ajou University, Suwon 16499,
Korea
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14
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Camacho J, Allard P. Histone Modifications: Epigenetic Mediators of Environmental Exposure Memory. Epigenet Insights 2018; 11:2516865718803641. [PMID: 30443644 PMCID: PMC6233965 DOI: 10.1177/2516865718803641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How organisms retain a memory of ancestral environmental exposure is a phenomenon that is still poorly understood. Recently published work by our group and others, regarding environmentally induced transgenerational effects, have identified an array of mechanisms, with a particular focus on histone modifications, that shed some light on the underlying epigenetic processes driving long-term generational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Camacho
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Oliveri V, Bentivegna F, Caputo L, Quintieri L, Viale M, Maric I, Lentini G, Vecchio G. Positional isomers of mannose–quinoline conjugates and their copper complexes: exploring the biological activity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00993g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mannoconjugates show significant antibacterial activity. A regioisomer shows antiproliferative activity with copper(ii) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Caputo
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari
- (CNR-ISPA)
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Laura Quintieri
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari
- (CNR-ISPA)
- Bari
- Italy
| | - Maurizio Viale
- IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- U.O.C. Bioterapie
- Genova
- Italy
| | - Irena Maric
- IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- U.O.C. Bioterapie
- Genova
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’
- Bari
- Italy
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16
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The histone demethylase JMJD2A regulates the expression of BDNF and mediates neuropathic pain in mice. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:155-162. [PMID: 29054488 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
JMJD2A is a JmjC histone demethylase that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated Lys9 and Lys36 in histone H3 (H3K9me2/3 and H3K36me2/3). The role of spinal JMJD2A-dependent histone demethylation in nociception hypersensitivity development remains elusive. Here we reported that the JMJD2A responded to neuropathic pain and participated in the maintenance of neuropathic pain. The mRNA and protein levels of Jmjd2a were significantly increased in the neurons of mouse undergoing neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve chronic constrictive injury (CCI) or unilateral spared nerve injury (SNI). Jmjd2a responded to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and promoted the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), which is a protein critically involved in neuropathic pain. JMJD2A bound to the promoter of Bdnf and demethylated H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 at Bdnf promoter to promote the expression of Bdnf. Finally, we showed that JMJD2A promoted the expression of Bdnf during neuropathic pain and neuron-specific knockout of Jmjd2a blocked the hypersensitivity of mice undergoing chronic neuropathic pain induced by CCI and SNI. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that up-regulation of JMJD2A promotes neuropathic pain and it may serve as a promising target for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
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17
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Yang WS, Campbell M, Chang PC. SUMO modification of a heterochromatin histone demethylase JMJD2A enables viral gene transactivation and viral replication. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006216. [PMID: 28212444 PMCID: PMC5333917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification of chromatin has profound effects on transcription regulation. By using Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) as a model, we recently demonstrated that epigenetic modification of viral chromatin by SUMO-2/3 is involved in regulating gene expression and viral reactivation. However, how this modification orchestrates transcription reprogramming through targeting histone modifying enzymes remains largely unknown. Here we show that JMJD2A, the first identified Jumonji C domain-containing histone demethylase, is the histone demethylase responsible for SUMO-2/3 enrichment on the KSHV genome during viral reactivation. Using in vitro and in vivo SUMOylation assays, we found that JMJD2A is SUMOylated on lysine 471 by KSHV K-bZIP, a viral SUMO-2/3-specific E3 ligase, in a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM)-dependent manner. SUMOylation is required for stabilizing chromatin association and gene transactivation by JMJD2A. These finding suggest that SUMO-2/3 modification plays an essential role in the epigenetic regulatory function of JMJD2A. Consistently, hierarchical clustering analysis of RNA-seq data showed that a SUMO-deficient mutant of JMJD2A was more closely related to JMJD2A knockdown than to wild-type. Our previous report demonstrated that JMJD2A coated and maintained the “ready to activate” status of the viral genome. Consistent with our previous report, a SUMO-deficient mutant of JMJD2A reduced viral gene expression and virion production. Importantly, JMJD2A has been implicated as an oncogene in various cancers by regulating proliferation. We therefore further analyzed the role of SUMO modification of JMJD2A in regulating cell proliferation. Interestingly, the SUMO-deficient mutant of JMJD2A failed to rescue the proliferation defect of JMJD2A knockdown cells. Emerging specific inhibitors of JMJD2A have been generated for evaluation in cancer studies. Our results revealed that SUMO conjugation mediates an epigenetic regulatory function of JMJD2A and suggests that inhibiting JMJD2A SUMOylation may be a novel avenue for anti-cancer therapy. Epigenetic dysregulation connects genotype to diseases. An understanding of epigenetic regulation holds promise for clinical use. The profound epigenetic changes that occur during the latent-to-lytic switch of the Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) life cycle make it an attractive model system for studies of epigenetic regulation. Using this model, our recent work showed that the demethylase JMJD2A and SUMO-2/3 specific modifications of viral and host chromatin are associated with epigenetic regulation of transcription during reactivation. However, how SUMO modification and histone modifying enzymes interface to orchestrate epigenetic regulation remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate JMJD2A as an example of a histone demethylase that is SUMO-2/3 modified by the KSHV encoded SUMO E3 ligase, K-bZIP. SUMO modification of JMJD2A is essential for stabilizing its chromatin binding and exerting its transcriptional derepression activity. Emerging evidence has implicated JMJD2A as an oncogene involved in the progression of various human tumors. The essential role of SUMO in regulating the biological function of JMJD2A suggests that SUMOylation of JMJD2A may be one of the potential underlying mechanisms responsible for JMJD2A-mediated oncogenesis. In this regard, inhibition of JMJD2A SUMOylation could be a new strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Shan Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Mel Campbell
- UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Role of Histone Demethylases in Cardiomyocytes Induced to Hypertrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2634976. [PMID: 27722168 PMCID: PMC5046009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2634976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes induced by histone demethylases play an important role in differentiation and pathological changes in cardiac cells. However, the role of the jumonji family of demethylases in the development of cardiac hypertrophy remains elusive. In this study, the presence of different histone demethylases in cardiac cells was evaluated after hypertrophy was induced with neurohormones. A cell line from rat cardiomyocytes was used as a biological model. The phenotypic profiles of the cells, as well as the expression of histone demethylases, were studied through immunofluorescence, transient transfection, western blot, and qRT-PCR analysis after inducing hypertrophy by angiotensin II and endothelin-1. An increase in fetal gene expression (ANP, BNP, and β-MHC) was observed in cardiomyocytes after treatment with angiotensin II and endothelin-1. A significant increase in JMJD2A expression, but not in UTX or JMJD2C expression, was observed. When JMJD2A was overexpressed in cardiomyocytes through transient transfection, the effect of neurohormones on fetal cardiac gene expression was increased. We conclude that JMJD2A plays a principal role in the regulation of fetal cardiac genes, which increase in expression during the pathological hypertrophic process.
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