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Takata T, Masauji T, Motoo Y. Analysis of Crude, Diverse, and Multiple Advanced Glycation End-Product Patterns May Be Important and Beneficial. Metabolites 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 38276293 PMCID: PMC10819149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle-related diseases (LSRDs), such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, are a global crisis. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been extensively researched because they trigger or promote LSRDs. Recently, techniques such as fluorimetry, immunostaining, Western blotting, slot blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) have helped prove the existence of intra/extracellular AGEs and revealed novel AGE structures and their modifications against peptide sequences. Therefore, we propose modifications to the existing categorization of AGEs, which was based on the original compounds identified by researchers in the 20th century. In this investigation, we introduce the (i) crude, (ii) diverse, and (iii) multiple AGE patterns. The crude AGE pattern is based on the fact that one type of saccharide or its metabolites or derivatives can generate various AGEs. Diverse and multiple AGE patterns were introduced based on the possibility of combining various AGE structures and proteins and were proven through mass analysis technologies such as MALDI-MS and ESI-MS. Kampo medicines are typically used to treat LSRDs. Because various compounds are contained in Kampo medicines and metabolized to exert effects on various organs or tissues, they may be suitable against various AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Takata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Togen Masauji
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Yoshiharu Motoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Saiseikai Hospital, Wadanakacho 918-8503, Fukui, Japan
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Takata T, Motoo Y. Novel In Vitro Assay of the Effects of Kampo Medicines against Intra/Extracellular Advanced Glycation End-Products in Oral, Esophageal, and Gastric Epithelial Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:878. [PMID: 37512585 PMCID: PMC10385496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kampo medicines are Japanese traditional medicines developed from Chinese traditional medicines. The action mechanisms of the numerous known compounds have been studied for approximately 100 years; however, many remain unclear. While components are normally affected through digestion, absorption, and metabolism, in vitro oral, esophageal, and gastric epithelial cell models avoid these influences and, thus, represent superior assay systems for Kampo medicines. We focused on two areas of the strong performance of this assay system: intracellular and extracellular advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are generated from glucose, fructose, and their metabolites, and promote lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and cancer. While current technology cannot analyze whole intracellular AGEs in cells in some organs, some AGEs can be generated for 1-2 days, and the turnover time of oral and gastric epithelial cells is 7-14 days. Therefore, we hypothesized that we could detect these rapidly generated intracellular AGEs in such cells. Extracellular AEGs (e.g., dietary or in the saliva) bind to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface of the epithelial cells and can induce cytotoxicity such as inflammation. The analysis of Kampo medicine effects against intra/extracellular AGEs in vitro is a novel model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Takata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Motoo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Kampo Medicines, Komatsu Sophia Hospital, Komatsu 923-0861, Ishikawa, Japan
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Takata T. Is the Novel Slot Blot a Useful Method for Quantification of Intracellular Advanced Glycation End-Products? Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040564. [PMID: 37110222 PMCID: PMC10144988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been identified and studied. I have reported a novel slot blot analysis to quantify two types of AGEs, glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs, also called toxic AGEs (TAGE), and 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose AGEs. The traditional slot blot method has been used for the detection and quantification of RNA, DNA, and proteins since around 1980 and is one of the more commonly used analog technologies to date. However, the novel slot blot analysis has been used to quantify AGEs from 2017 to 2022. Its characteristics include (i) use of a lysis buffer containing tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane, urea, thiourea, and 3-[3-(cholamidopropyl)-dimetyl-ammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (a lysis buffer with a composition similar to that used in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics analysis); (ii) probing of AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (e.g., standard AGE aliquots); and (iii) use of polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. In this review, the previously used quantification methods of slot blot, western blot, immunostaining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization-MS, and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS are described. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of the novel slot blot compared to the above methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Takata
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Biology, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
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Drewe J, Boonen G, Culmsee C. Treat more than heat-New therapeutic implications of Cimicifuga racemosa through AMPK-dependent metabolic effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154060. [PMID: 35338990 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cimicifuga racemosa extracts (CRE) have obtained a "well-established use status" in the treatment of postmenopausal (i.e., climacteric) complaints, which predominantly include vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes and sweating, as well as nervousness, irritability, and metabolic changes. Although characteristic postmenopausal complaints are known for a very long time and the beneficial effects of CRE on climacteric symptoms are well accepted, both the pathophysiology of postmenopausal symptoms and the mechanism of action of CREs are not yet fully understood. In particular, current hypotheses suggest that changes in the α-adrenergic and serotonergic signaling pathways secondary to estrogen depletion are responsible for the development of hot flushes. PURPOSE Some of the symptoms associated with menopause cannot be explained by these hypotheses. Therefore, we attempted to extend our classic understanding of menopause by integrating of partly age-related metabolic impairments. METHODS A comprehensive literature survey was performed using the PubMed database for articles published through September 2021. The following search terms were used: (cimicifuga OR AMPK) AND (hot flush* OR hot flash* OR menopaus* OR osteoporos* OR cancer OR antioxida* OR cardiovasc*). No limits were set with respect to language, and the references cited in the articles retrieved were used to identify additional publications. RESULTS We found that menopause is a manifestation of the general aging process, with specific metabolic changes that aggravate menopausal symptoms, which are accelerated by estrogen depletion and associated neurotransmitter dysregulation. Cimicifuga extracts with their metabolic effects mitigate climacteric symptoms but may also modulate the aging process itself. Central to these effects are effects of CRE on the metabolic key regulator, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSIONS As an extension of this effect dimension, other off-label indications may appear attractive in the sense of repurposing of this herbal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Drewe
- Medical Department, Max Zeller Soehne AG, CH-8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland.
| | - Georg Boonen
- Medical Department, Max Zeller Soehne AG, CH-8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Intracellular Toxic Advanced Glycation End-Products in 1.4E7 Cell Line Induce Death with Reduction of Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 and p62. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020332. [PMID: 35057513 PMCID: PMC8777741 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The death of pancreatic islet β-cells (β-cells), which are the insulin-producing cells, promote the pathology in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1DM and T2DM), and they are protected by autophagy which is one of the mechanisms of cell survival. Recently, that some advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), such as methylglyoxial-derived AGEs and Nε-carboxymethyllysine, induced the death of β-cells were revealed. In contrast, we had reported AGEs derived from glyceraldehyde (GA, the metabolism intermediate of glucose and fructose) are considered to be toxic AGEs (TAGE) due to their cytotoxicity and role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. More, serum levels of TAGE are elevated in patients with T1 and T2DM, where they exert cytotoxicity. Aim: We researched the cytotoxicity of intracellular and extracellular TAGE in β-cells and the possibility that intracellular TAGE were associated with autophagy. Methods: 1.4E7 cells (a human β-cell line) were treated with GA, and analyzed viability, quantity of TAGE, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, and p62. We also examined the viability of 1.4E7 cells treated with TAGE-modified bovine serum albumin, a model of TAGE in the blood. Results: Intracellular TAGE induced death of 1.4E7 cells, decrease of LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62. Extracellular TAGE didn’t show cytotoxicity in the physiological concentration. Conclusion: Intracellular TAGE induced death of β-cells more strongly than extracellular TAGE, and may suppress autophagy via reduction of LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62 to inhibit the degradation of them.
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Multimodal Care for Headaches, Lumbopelvic Pain, and Dysmenorrhea in a Woman With Endometriosis: A Case Report. J Chiropr Med 2022; 20:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Phenethylamine in chlorella alleviates high-fat diet-induced mouse liver damage by regulating generation of methylglyoxal. NPJ Sci Food 2021; 5:22. [PMID: 34301957 PMCID: PMC8302609 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of oral administration of water extract of chlorella (WEC) (100 mg/kg bodyweight) and phenethylamine (10 μg/kg bodyweight) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver damage in mice. Phenethylamine significantly mitigated HFD-induced lipid oxidation (generation of malondialdehyde) and liver damage without markedly decreasing hepatic lipid accumulation. WEC exerted similar effects although with decreased efficacy. In addition, WEC and phenethylamine decreased the methylglyoxal levels and increased the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein levels in the liver. Methylglyoxal is generated from substrates of GAPDH, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. These facts indicate that methylglyoxal triggers oxidation of accumulated lipid, which generates malondialdehyde and consequently induces liver damage. Suppression of generation of toxic aldehydes by WEC and phenethylamine was also confirmed by maintaining hepatic cysteine, highly reactive to aldehydes. Thus, trace amounts of phenethylamine alleviate HFD-induced liver damage by regulating methylglyoxal via increase of GAPDH.
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Radbakhsh S, Ganjali S, Moallem SA, Guest PC, Sahebkar A. Antioxidant Effects of Trehalose in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:473-480. [PMID: 34981498 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress that occurs as a consequence of the imbalance between antioxidant activity and free radicals can contribute in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Antioxidant therapies have been proposed as possible approaches to treat and attenuate diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential antioxidant effects of trehalose on oxidative indices in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. METHODS Diabetic rats were divided randomly into five treatment groups (six rats per group). One test group received 45 mg/kg/day trehalose via intraperitoneal injection, and another received 1.5 mg/kg/day trehalose via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Three control groups were also tested including nondiabetic rats as a normal control (NC), a nontreated diabetic control (DC), and a positive control given 200 mg/kg/day metformin. Levels of thiol groups (-SH), and serum total antioxidant capacity were measured between control and test groups. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities were assessed. RESULTS In both oral and injection trehalose-treated groups, a marked increase was observed in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p > 0.05) and thiol groups (-SH) (p < 0.05). Also, SOD and GPx activities were increased after 4 weeks of treatment with trehalose. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present results indicate ameliorative effects of trehalose on oxidative stress, with increase antioxidant enzyme activities in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Ganjali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahra University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yoo HJ, Hong CO, Ha SK, Lee KW. Chebulic Acid Prevents Methylglyoxal-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in INS-1 Pancreatic β-Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090771. [PMID: 32825285 PMCID: PMC7554990 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the anti-diabetic properties of chebulic acid (CA) associated with the prevention of methyl glyoxal (MG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, INS-1 cells were pre-treated with CA (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μM) for 48 h and then treated with 2 mM MG for 8 h. The effects of CA and MG on INS-1 cells were evaluated using the following: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) expression via Western blot and enzyme activity assays; Nrf-2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression via Western blot assay; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay; mRNA expression of mitochondrial dysfunction related components (UCP2, uncoupling protein 2; VDAC1, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel-1; cyt c, cytochrome c via quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis; glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay. The viability of INS-1 cells was maintained upon pre-treating with CA before exposure to MG. CA upregulated Glo-1 protein expression and enzyme activity in INS-1 cells and prevented MG-induced ROS production. Mitochondrial dysfunction was alleviated by CA pretreatment; this occurred via the downregulation of UCP2, VDAC1, and cyt c mRNA expression and the increase of MMP and ATP synthesis. Further, CA pre-treatment promoted the recovery from MG-induced decrease in GSIS. These results indicated that CA could be employed as a therapeutic agent in diabetes due to its ability to prevent MG-induced development of insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress-induced dysfunction of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-jung Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.-j.Y.); (C.-O.H.)
| | - Chung-Oui Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.-j.Y.); (C.-O.H.)
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.-j.Y.); (C.-O.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-3473; Fax: +82-2-927-1970
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Alomar FA, Al-Rubaish A, Al-Muhanna F, Al-Ali AK, McMillan J, Singh J, Bidasee KR. Adeno-Associated Viral Transfer of Glyoxalase-1 Blunts Carbonyl and Oxidative Stresses in Hearts of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E592. [PMID: 32640624 PMCID: PMC7402150 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) arising from downregulation of its primary degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) is an underlying cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). This study investigated if expressing Glo1 in rat hearts shortly after the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) would blunt the development of DC employing the streptozotocin-induced T1DM rat model, an adeno-associated virus containing Glo1 driven by the endothelin-1 promoter (AAV2/9-Endo-Glo1), echocardiography, video edge, confocal imaging, and biochemical/histopathological assays. After eight weeks of T1DM, rats developed DC characterized by a decreased E:A ratio, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction, and increased isovolumetric relaxation time, E: e' ratio, and circumferential and longitudinal strains. Evoked Ca2+ transients and contractile kinetics were also impaired in ventricular myocytes. Hearts from eight weeks T1DM rats had lower Glo1 and GSH levels, elevated carbonyl/oxidative stress, microvascular leakage, inflammation, and fibrosis. A single injection of AAV2/9 Endo-Glo1 (1.7 × 1012 viron particles/kg) one week after onset of T1DM, potentiated GSH, and blunted MG accumulation, carbonyl/oxidative stress, microvascular leakage, inflammation, fibrosis, and impairments in cardiac and myocyte functions that develop after eight weeks of T1DM. These new data indicate that preventing Glo1 downregulation by administering AAV2/9-Endo-Glo1 to rats one week after the onset of T1DM, blunted the DC that develops after eight weeks of diabetes by attenuating carbonyl/oxidative stresses, microvascular leakage, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Rubaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-R.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fahad Al-Muhanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-R.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Amein K. Al-Ali
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA;
- Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Jaipaul Singh
- College of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preton PR1 2HE, England, UK;
| | - Keshore R. Bidasee
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA;
- Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE 68588-0662, USA
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Yuan J, Shi Q, Chen J, Lu J, Wang L, Qiu M, Liu J. Effects of 23-epi-26-deoxyactein on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153264. [PMID: 32570112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ethanolic extract of Actaea racemosa L. (Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.) has recently been reported to ameliorate obesity-related insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver in rodents. However, it remains unclear which A. racemosa components are responsible for these beneficial effects. PURPOSE We aimed to examine the anti-obesity potential of 23-epi-26-deoxyactein (DA), which is contained in the ethanolic extracts of A. racemosa. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To evaluate the effects of DA on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice, in vitro and in vivo tests were performed. For in vitro assessment, we used Oil red O staining that showed lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. For in vivo tests, male 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed with low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with 10 mg/kg/d luteolin (LU; positive control drug), HFD with 1 mg/kg/d DA, and HFD with 5 mg/kg/d DA for 12 weeks, respectively. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed at week 17. The lipid deposition of adipose tissue and liver was visualized by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Real-time PCR showed mRNA levels of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. AMPK signaling and SIRT1-FOXO1 pathway were assessed by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS 10 μM DA and 20 μM LU treatments inhibited 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through down-regulating the expression of C/ebpα, C/ebpβ, and Pparγ, which are the critical adipogenic transcription factors. The in vivo results showed that 5 mg/kg/d DA and 10 mg/kg/d LU significantly lowered body weight gain, fat mass, and liver weight in HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, DA and LU also reduced insulin resistance and serum lipoprotein levels in HFD-fed mice. Mechanistic studies showed that DA and LU promoted adipocyte lipolysis in mice through activating the AMPK signaling and SIRT1-FOXO1 pathway. CONCLUSION The in vitro results indicate that 10 μM DA suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The in vivo treatment with 5 mg/kg/d DA ameliorates diet-induced obesity in mice, suggesting that DA is a promising natural compound for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yuan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qiangqiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Minghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Cha SH, Hwang Y, Heo SJ, Jun HS. Indole-4-carboxaldehyde Isolated from Seaweed, Sargassum thunbergii, Attenuates Methylglyoxal-Induced Hepatic Inflammation. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E486. [PMID: 31438528 PMCID: PMC6780312 DOI: 10.3390/md17090486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose degradation is aberrantly increased in hyperglycemia, which causes various harmful effects on the liver. Glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1) is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme that participates in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MGO), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis that induces protein modification (advanced glycation end-products, AGEs) and inflammation. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of indole-4-carboxaldehyde (ST-I4C), which was isolated from the edible seaweed Sargassum thunbergii, on MGO-induced inflammation in HepG2 cells, a human hepatocyte cell line. ST-I4C attenuated the MGO-induced expression of inflammatory-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IFN-γ by activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) without toxicity in HepG2 cells. In addition, ST-I4C reduced the MGO-induced AGE formation and the expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE). Interestingly, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of Glo-1 increased following ST-I4C treatment, and the decrease in Glo-1 mRNA expression caused by MGO exposure was rescued by ST-I4C pretreatment. These results suggest that ST-I4C shows anti-inflammatory activity against MGO-induced inflammation in human hepatocytes by preventing an increase in the pro-inflammatory gene expression and AGE formation. Therefore, it represents a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Hanseo University, Chungcheongnam-do 31962, Korea
| | - Yongha Hwang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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SIRT1 participates in the response to methylglyoxal-dependent glycative stress in mouse oocytes and ovary. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1389-1401. [PMID: 30771486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl derived from metabolic processes, is the most powerful precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycative stress has been recently associated with ovarian dysfunctions in aging and PCOS syndrome. We have investigated the role of the NAD+-dependent Class III deacetylase SIRT1 in the adaptive response to MG in mouse oocytes and ovary. In mouse oocytes, MG induced up-expression of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and glyoxalase 2 (Glo2) genes, components of the main MG detoxification system, whereas inhibition of SIRT1 by Ex527 or sirtinol reduced this response. In addition, the inhibition of SIRT1 worsened the effects of MG on oocyte maturation rates, while SIRT1 activation by resveratrol counteracted MG insult. Ovaries from female mice receiving 100 mg/kg MG by gastric administration for 28 days (MG mice) exhibited increased levels of SIRT1 along with over-expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase 2, SIRT3, PGC1α and mtTFA. Similar levels of MG-derived AGEs were observed in the ovaries from MG and control groups, along with enhanced protein expression of glyoxalase 1 in MG mice. Oocytes ovulated by MG mice exhibited atypical meiotic spindles, a condition predisposing to embryo aneuploidy. Our results from mouse oocytes revealed for the first time that SIRT1 could modulate MG scavenging by promoting expression of glyoxalases. The finding that up-regulation of glyoxalase 1 is associated with that of components of a SIRT1 functional network in the ovaries of MG mice provides strong evidence that SIRT1 participates in the response to methylglyoxal-dependent glycative stress in the female gonad.
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Meeprom A, Chan CB, Sompong W, Adisakwattana S. Isoferulic acid attenuates methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis in INS-1 rat pancreatic β-cell through mitochondrial survival pathways and increasing glyoxalase-1 activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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15
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Suh KS, Chon S, Choi EM. The protective effects of sciadopitysin against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in cultured pancreatic β-cells. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1104-1111. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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