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Chemical Fingerprinting, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020364. [PMID: 35204245 PMCID: PMC8869320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of hydroethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum seeds was evaluated. Phenolic profiling of T. foenum-graecum was conducted through high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) as well as through the mass spectrometry technique to characterize compounds responsible for bioactivity, which confirmed almost 18 compounds, 13 of which were quantified through a chromatographic assay. In vitro antioxidant analysis of the extract exhibited substantial antioxidant activities with the lowest IC50 value of both DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) inhibition assays. The extract was found to be non-toxic against human RBCs and murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the extract significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), intrlukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydroethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum exhibited considerable anti-inflammatory potential by decreasing the cellular infiltration to the inflammatory site in both carrageenan-induced peritonitis and an air pouch model of inflammation. Pretreatment with T. foenum-graecum extract caused significant improvement in antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT (catalase), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) against oxidative stress induced by carrageenan. Based on our results of in vivo and in vitro experimentation, we concluded that hydroethanolic extract of T. foenum-graecum is a potential source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
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Min JH, Kim SM, Park JIW, Kwon NH, Goo SH, Ngatinem, Ningsih S, Paik JH, Choi S, Oh SR, Han SB, Ahn KS, Lee JW. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Exerts Anti- Inflammatory Effects in Mice of LPSInduced ALI via Downregulating of MAPK and NF-κB Activation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1501-1507. [PMID: 34489373 PMCID: PMC9705882 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. (LO) (crape myrtle) has reportedly been used as traditional herbal medicine (THM) in Java, Indonesia. Our previous study revealed that the LO leaf extract (LOLE) exerted anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Based on this finding, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of LOLE in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The results showed that treatment with LPS enhanced the inflammatory cell influx into the lungs and increased the number of macrophages and the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice. However, these effects were notably abrogated with LOLE pretreatment. Furthermore, the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in the lung tissues of mice with ALI was also reversed by LOLE. In addition, LOLE significantly suppressed the LPS-induced activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and led to heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in the lungs. Additionally, in vitro experiments showed that LOLE enhanced the expression of HO-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. The aforementioned findings collectively indicate that LOLE exerts an ameliorative effect on inflammatory response in the airway of ALI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - JI-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyeon Goo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngatinem
- Starch Technology Center, Agency for the Assessment and Application Technology, Lampung 34161, Indonesia
| | - Sri Ningsih
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, LAPTIAB Building 611, Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang-Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Jin-Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S.B. Han Phone:+82-43-261-2815 E-mail:
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,
K.S. Ahn Phone:+82-43-240-6113 Fax:+82-43-240-6129 E-mail:
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,
J.W. Lee Phone:+82-43-240-6135 Fax:+82-43-240-6129 E-mail:
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Fraction from the Leaves of Pyrus pyrifolia on LPS-Stimulated THP-1 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4946241. [PMID: 34484392 PMCID: PMC8413047 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4946241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai (P. pyrifolia) has been traditionally used in East Asia to treat diseases such as phlegm, cough, hangover, and fever. However, there is no investigation that evaluates the biological activities of the leaves of P. pyrifolia. This study aims at describing the anti-inflammatory effects of PP, a bioactive fraction from the leaves of P. pyrifolia, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells. Initially, PP decreased the protein and RNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-6 induced by LPS. Moreover, PP attenuated the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK. In addition, after stimulation with LPS, the degradation of IκB-α was suppressed by PP, and the phosphorylation of IκB-α and p65 was suppressed by PP. Additionally, PP increased HO-1, which controls the production of inflammatory molecules, by activating Nrf2. These results indicated that PP could be used as an anti-inflammatory drug to promote wellness.
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George G, Shyni GL, Abraham B, Nisha P, Raghu KG. Downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK and JAK/STAT pathway in RAW 264.7 cells by Alpinia galanga reveals its beneficial effects in inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114132. [PMID: 33887419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alpinia galanga, commonly known as greater galangal or raasna, is widely used in Ayurveda against various inflammatory disorders. It is also known as Kulinjan, Aratha, Rasna or Sugandhamula. Some of the Ayurvedic preparations using the rhizome of Alpinia galanga are Rasnadi kashayam, Rasna panchakam, Rasnapthakam, and Rasnarendadi. The aromatic rhizome is the source of the drug greater galangal and it is also used as a spice in South and South East Asia. However, the molecular mechanism of action of A galanga against inflammation remains poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome. STUDY DESIGN/METHOD The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Alpinia galanga (AGE) was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunofluorescence in LPS stimulated murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). HPLC analysis was done to elucidate the rich polyphenolic nature of AGE. RESULTS The study showed that pre-treatment with AGE downregulated the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and ROS) and stimulated the release of anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The vital enzymes of inflammation (iNOS, COX-2, and MMP-9) were also downregulated by pre-treatment with AGE. AGE targeted the upstream elements of the inflammatory cascade by blocking LPS induced activation of TLR4 and JAK/STAT pathway. The phosphorylation of downstream kinases was significantly affected. The inhibition of nuclear translocation of NFκB further confirmed the specific inhibition of the TLR4 pathway. Particularly AGE inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, p38, IκBα, and STAT. HPLC analysis of the AGE showed the polyphenol-rich nature of the extract. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study provide firm evidence that AGE exerts its anti-inflammatory effect via modulation of TLR4 and JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genu George
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
| | - G L Shyni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.
| | - Billu Abraham
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - P Nisha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Śliwiński T, Zajdel R. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracts and Pure Compounds Derived from Plants via Modulation of Signaling Pathways, Especially PI3K/AKT in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249605. [PMID: 33339446 PMCID: PMC7766727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a source of important therapeutic agents. Therefore, in this review, we focus on natural compounds that exhibit efficient anti-inflammatory activity via modulation signaling transduction pathways in macrophage cells. Both extracts and pure chemicals from different species and parts of plants such as leaves, roots, flowers, barks, rhizomes, and seeds rich in secondary metabolites from various groups such as terpenes or polyphenols were included. Selected extracts and phytochemicals control macrophages biology via modulation signaling molecules including NF-κB, MAPKs, AP-1, STAT1, STAT6, IRF-4, IRF-5, PPARγ, KLF4 and especially PI3K/AKT. Macrophages are important immune effector cells that take part in antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and immunomodulation. The M1 and M2 phenotypes are related to the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory agents, respectively. The successful resolution of inflammation mediated by M2, or failed resolution mediated by M1, may lead to tissue repair or chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is strictly related to several disorders. Thus, compounds of plant origin targeting inflammatory response may constitute promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.-S.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.-S.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
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Park JW, Ryu HW, Ahn HI, Min JH, Kim SM, Kim MG, Kwon OK, Hwang D, Kim SY, Choi S, Zamora N, Rosales K, Oh SR, Lee JW, Ahn KS. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Trichilia martiana C. DC. in the Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Response in Macrophages and Airway Epithelial Cells and in LPS-Challenged Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1614-1625. [PMID: 32876073 PMCID: PMC9728236 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2006.06042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of species of the genus Trichilia (Meliaceae) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of Trichilia martiana C. DC. (TM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation has not, to the best of our knowledge, yet been determined. Therefore, in the present study, the antiinflammatory effect of TM on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated. The ethanol extract of TM (TMEE) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin 2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). TMEE also reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB activation was revealed to be downregulated following TMEE pretreatment. Furthermore, TMEE was indicated to lead to the nucleus translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In H292 airway epithelial cells, the pretreatment of TMEE significantly downregulated the production of LPS-stimulated IL-1β, and TMEE was indicated to increase the expression of HO-1. In animal models exhibiting LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), treatment with TMEE reduced the levels of macrophages influx and TNF-α production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ALI mice. Additionally, TMEE significantly downregulated the activation of ERK, JNK and IκB, and upregulated the expression of HO-1 in the lungs of ALI mice. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that TMEE could exert a regulatory role in the prevention or treatment of the endotoxin-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea,College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 8160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 414, Republic of Korea,
| | - Min-Gu Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea,College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 8160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Hwang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea,College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 8160, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 311, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 311, Republic of Korea
| | - Nelson Zamora
- Bioprospecting Research Unit, National Biodiversity Institute, Santo Domingo, Heredia 22-3100, Costa Rica
| | - Kattia Rosales
- Bioprospecting Research Unit, National Biodiversity Institute, Santo Domingo, Heredia 22-3100, Costa Rica
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J-W.Lee Phone : +82-43-240-6135 Fax : +82-43-240-6129 E-mail:
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 286, Republic of Korea,K-S.Ahn Phone : +82-43-240-6113 Fax : +82-43-240-6129 E-mail:
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Lee JW, Ryu HW, Lee SU, Kim MG, Kwon OK, Kim MO, Oh TK, Lee JK, Kim TY, Lee SW, Choi S, Li WY, Ahn KS, Oh SR. Pistacia weinmannifolia ameliorates cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide‑induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting interleukin‑8 production and NF‑κB activation. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:949-959. [PMID: 31257455 PMCID: PMC6657956 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pistacia weinmannifolia (PW) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat headaches, dysentery, enteritis and influenza. However, PW has not been known for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present in vitro analysis confirmed that PW root extract (PWRE) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in phorbol myristate acetate- or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-stimulated human lung epithelial NCI-H292 cells by attenuating the expression of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and Mucin A5 (MUC5AC), which are closely associated with the pulmonary inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of COPD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of PWRE on pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopoly-saccharide (LPS). Treatment with PWRE significantly reduced the quantity of neutrophils and the levels of inflammatory molecules and toxic molecules, including tumor TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, neutrophil elastase and reactive oxygen species, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice with CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. PWRE also attenuated the influx of inflammatory cells in the lung tissues. Furthermore, PWRE downregulated the activation of nuclear factor-κB and the expression of phosphodiesterase 4 in the lung tissues. Therefore, these findings suggest that PWRE may be a valuable adjuvant treatment for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ok Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Oh
- BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Ansan, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Ansan, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Ansan, Gyeonggi‑do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650200, P.R. China
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk‑do 28116, Republic of Korea
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Novel benzofuran derivative DK-1014 attenuates lung inflammation via blocking of MAPK/AP-1 and AKT/mTOR signaling in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:862. [PMID: 30696844 PMCID: PMC6351650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzofuran derivatives have wide range of biological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant agent. In this study, we investigated whether the novel benzofuran derivative, DK-1014 has the anti-inflammatory effects on macrophage and lung epithelial cells and anti-asthmatic effects on ovalbumin-treated mice. A series of 2-arylbenzofuran analogues were synthesized and evaluated for NO and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibition in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Of these analogues, compounds 8, 22a, 22d, and 22 f (DK-1014) exhibited notable inhibitory activity with respect to IL-6 and NO production. In particular, compound DK-1014 strongly reduced IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9 mRNA expression and IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 production in phorbol myristate acetate stimulated A549 cells, reduced MAPKs phosphorylation and c-fos translocation, and attenuated AKT, p70S6K and GSK phosphorylation. In vivo experiments were also performed on ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice. DK-1014 reduced the airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell counts and cytokine levels (IL-4, 5, 13) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and immunoglobulin E in serum, and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion in lung tissue. These findings indicate that DK-1014 can protect against allergic airway inflammation through the AP-1 and AKT/mTOR pathways and could be useful source for the development of a therapeutic agent for asthma.
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Aster glehni Extract Containing Caffeoylquinic Compounds Protects Human Keratinocytes through the TRPV4-PPAR δ-AMPK Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2018:9616574. [PMID: 30622619 PMCID: PMC6304624 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9616574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aster glehni (AG) has been used in cooking and as a medicine to treat various diseases for over hundreds of years in Korea. To speculate the protective effects of AG on skin barrier, we estimated the protein levels of biomarkers related to skin barrier protection in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The protein levels for keratin, involucrin, defensin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (SPTLC2), and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) were evaluated using western blotting or immunocytochemistry in HaCaT cells. AG extract increased the protein levels of PPARδ, phosphorylated AMPK, SPTLC2, keratin, involucrin, and defensin compared to the SDS or DNCB control group. However, TNFα expression increased by SDS or DNCB was decreased with AG extract. The order of action of each regulatory biomarker in AG pathway was identified TRPV4→PPARδ→AMPK from antagonist and siRNA treatment studies. AG can ameliorate the injury of keratinocytes caused by SDS or DNCB through the sequential regulation of TRPV4→PPARδ→AMPK pathway.
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