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Edwards TS, Day AS. The role of fecal biomarkers in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38995110 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2375224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a relapsing and remitting condition. Noninvasive biomarkers have an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of IBD and in the prediction of future disease course in individuals with IBD. Strategies for the management of IBD increasingly rely upon close monitoring of gastrointestinal inflammation. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on the current understanding of established and novel stool-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of IBD. It also highlights key gaps, identifies limitations, and advantages of current markers, and examines aspects that require further study and analysis. EXPERT OPINION Current noninvasive inflammatory markers play an important role in the diagnosis and management of IBD; however, limitations exist. Future work is required to further characterize and validate current and novel markers of inflammation. In addition, it is essential to better understand the roles and characteristics of noninvasive markers to enable the appropriate selection to accurately determine the condition of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan S Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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2
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Heilmann RM, Riggers DS, Trewin I, Köller G, Kathrani A. Treatment success in cats with chronic enteropathy is associated with a decrease in fecal calprotectin concentrations. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1390681. [PMID: 38634105 PMCID: PMC11022500 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1390681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline chronic enteropathies (FCE) are challenging to diagnose and monitor for progression and response to treatment. Fecal calprotectin might be a useful non-invasive marker to evaluate clinical endpoints of therapeutic monitoring in FCE. We evaluated fecal calprotectin concentrations in cats with FCE before and after initiation of treatment comprised of immunomodulation and/or dietary intervention. Included were 17 cats with FCE and 18 healthy controls. Clinical investigation of FCE cases included clinical severity grading (feline chronic enteropathy activity index, FCEAI) in all cats, abdominal ultrasonography in 15 cats, and gastrointestinal biopsies in 6 cats. Fecal calprotectin was measured in samples from 12 cats with FCE before treatment, all 17 FCE cats ≥6 weeks after treatment initiation, and all healthy controls. Fecal calprotectin concentrations in FCE cases before treatment (median: 61 μg/g) were significantly higher than after treatment initiation (median: 15 μg/g; p = 0.0098) and compared to controls (median: 6 μg/g; p = 0.0235) and correlated with the FCEAI scores (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.0316). Fecal calprotectin concentrations after treatment initiation were higher with more severe duodenal/proximal jejunal pathology (ρ = 0.83, p = 0.0427) and shorter intervals between sampling time points (ρ = -0.54, p = 0.0250). Relevant decreases in initially increased fecal calprotectin concentrations are seen in cats with FCE on varying treatment strategies that significantly improve or have remission of clinical signs. This supports the utility of fecal calprotectin as a surrogate biomarker to assess disease severity in FCE cases. Further studies need to evaluate fecal calprotectin concentrations longitudinally in relation to mucosal healing vs. clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denise S Riggers
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isla Trewin
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gábor Köller
- Department for Large Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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Riggers DS, Gurtner C, Protschka M, Böttcher D, von Bomhard W, Alber G, Winter K, Steiner JM, Heilmann RM. Intestinal S100/Calgranulin Expression in Cats with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy and Intestinal Lymphoma. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162044. [PMID: 36009635 PMCID: PMC9404432 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intestinal diseases in cats are complicated diseases in which intestinal inflammation is difficult to distinguish from lymphoma, which is a neoplasm. In this study, the expression of the proteins S100A8/A9 and S100A12 (also called calgranulins) in the intestine is investigated in both diseases and for potential correlations with microscopically visible changes in the intestine or the clinical severity of the disease. Only small differences were seen between healthy and diseased animals, and there were no differences between cats with intestinal inflammation and lymphoma. However, several correlations of cells staining positive for calgranulins and inflammatory changes at the microscopic level and clinical disease severity were shown. This indicates that calgranulins play a role in both gastrointestinal lymphoma and inflammation and would support the recent theory that these two diseases might not be separate disease entities but instead are related. Further insights into the role of the calgranulins in these feline diseases will lead to a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and, thus, potentially novel diagnostics and treatment avenues. Abstract Diagnosing chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in cats and differentiation from intestinal lymphoma (IL) using currently available diagnostics is challenging. Intestinally expressed S100/calgranulins, measured in fecal samples, appear to be useful non-invasive biomarkers for canine CIE but have not been evaluated in cats. We hypothesized S100/calgranulins to play a role in the pathogenesis of feline chronic enteropathies (FCE) and to correlate with clinical and/or histologic disease severity. This retrospective case-control study included patient data and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues from 16 cats with CIE, 8 cats with IL, and 16 controls with no clinical signs of GI disease. GI tissue biopsies were immunohistochemically stained using polyclonal α-S100A8/A9 and α-S100A12 antibodies. S100A8/A9+ and S100A12+ cells were detected in all GI segments, with few significant differences between CIE, IL, and controls and no difference between diseased groups. Segmental inflammatory lesions were moderately to strongly correlated with increased S100/calgranulin-positive cell counts. Clinical disease severity correlated with S100A12+ cell counts in cats with IL (ρ = 0.69, p = 0.042) and more severe diarrhea with colonic lamina propria S100A12+ cells with CIE (ρ = 0.78, p = 0.021) and duodenal S100A8/A9+ cells with IL (ρ = 0.71, p = 0.032). These findings suggest a role of the S100/calgranulins in the pathogenesis of the spectrum of FCE, including CIE and IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S. Riggers
- Small Animals Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Small Animals Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Arslan ME, Brar R, Goetz L, Karamchandani D, Mikula MW, Hodge K, Li H, Ahn S, Lee H. Inflammation and tissue remodeling contribute to fibrogenesis in stricturing Crohn’s disease: image processing and analysis study. J Pathol Transl Med 2022; 56:239-248. [PMID: 36128860 PMCID: PMC9510042 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2022.05.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and structural remodeling may contribute to fibrogenesis in Crohn’s disease (CD). We quantified the immunoexpression of calretinin, CD34, and calprotectin as a surrogate for mucosal innervation, telocytes (interstitial cells playing a role in networking), and inflammation, respectively, and correlated them with bowel alterations in stricturing CD. Methods Primary resection specimens for ileal CD (n = 44, 31 stricturing CD, 13 inflammatory CD) were identified. Left-sided ulcerative colitis and trauma cases were used as controls. Proximal and distal margin and middle (diseased) sections were stained for calretinin, CD34, and calprotectin. Microscopic images were captured from the mucosa (calretinin), submucosa (calprotectin), and myenteric plexus (CD34), and the immunostaining was quantified using image processing and analysis. Bowel thickness at the corresponding sections were measured and correlated with the amount of immunoexpression. Results A total of 2,037 images were analyzed. In stricturing CD, submucosal alteration/thickening at the stricture site correlated with calprotectin staining and inversely correlated with calretinin staining at the proximal margin. Muscularis propria alteration/thickening at the stricture site correlated with mucosal calretinin staining at the proximal margin. Submucosal alteration/thickening at the proximal margin correlated with calretinin and CD34 staining at the proximal margin and inversely correlated with CD34 staining at the stricture site. Calretinin immunostaining at the distal margin was significantly higher in stricturing CD than the controls. Conclusions Inflammation and tissue remodeling appear to contribute to fibrogenesis in stricturing CD. Increased mucosal calretinin immunostaining distal to the diseased segment could be helpful in diagnosing CD in the right clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupinder Brar
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lianna Goetz
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dipti Karamchandani
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Division of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Hua Li
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Hwajeong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Corresponding Author: Hwajeong Lee, MD, Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Ave., MC81, Albany, NY 12208, USA Tel: +1-518-262-6254, Fax: +1-518-262-3663, E-mail:
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Czerwińska-Rogowska M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaseja K, Jakubczyk K, Palma J, Bott-Olejnik M, Brzozowski S, Stachowska E. Kitchen Diet vs. Industrial Diets-Impact on Intestinal Barrier Parameters among Stroke Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106168. [PMID: 35627704 PMCID: PMC9141131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims: Strokes are the second highest cause of death in the world and the most common cause of permanent disability in adults. Intestinal barrier permeability thus contributes to diminished homeostasis within the body, which further affects the healing process and convalescence. Each stroke patient should be administered with ingredients that support the intestinal barrier (e.g., protein and fiber). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of various types of diet (enteral with or without fiber vs. a mixed kitchen diet) on the metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota, namely short chain fatty acids, and gut barrier integrity parameters (zonulin and calprotectin. Methods: Patients (n = 59), after suffering an ischemic stroke, were randomly allocated to three groups receiving: the kitchen diet (n = 32; 1.2 g fiber in 100 mL); Nutrison Energy® (n = 14; 0.02 g fiber in 100 mL); and Nutrison Diason Energy HP® (n = 13; 1.8 g fiber in 100 mL). The patients underwent anthropometric measurements and blood samples (for prealbumin measurements), and stool samples (for zonulin and calprotectin determinations) were taken twice, on admission and a week later. Results: Industrial diets enriched with fiber maintained nutritional status and had a beneficial effect on intestinal barrier permeability parameters. Patients fed with kitchen diets demonstrated a decreased number of lymphocytes, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and increased serum concentration of C-reactive protein, but improved gut barrier markers. Proton pump inhibitors were shown to increase the inflammatory process in gut. Conclusions: Stroke patients should be administered with industrial diets enriched with fiber to improve gut barrier integrity and nutritional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Czerwińska-Rogowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.C.-R.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department od Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (J.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Kaseja
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.C.-R.); (K.J.)
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department od Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (J.P.)
| | - Marta Bott-Olejnik
- Neurology Department Regional Specialist Hospital in Gryfice, 72-300 Gryfice, Poland; (M.B.-O.); (S.B.)
| | - Sławomir Brzozowski
- Neurology Department Regional Specialist Hospital in Gryfice, 72-300 Gryfice, Poland; (M.B.-O.); (S.B.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.C.-R.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Renieris G, Karakike E, Gkavogianni T, Droggiti DE, Stylianakis E, Andriopoulou T, Spanou VM, Kafousopoulos D, Netea MG, Eugen-Olsen J, Simard J, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. IL-1 Mediates Tissue-Specific Inflammation and Severe Respiratory Failure in COVID-19. J Innate Immun 2022; 14:643-656. [PMID: 35545011 PMCID: PMC9801253 DOI: 10.1159/000524560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 has been associated with catastrophic inflammation. We present measurements in humans and a new animal model implicating a role in danger-associated molecular patterns. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were measured in patients without/with ARDS, and admission calprotectin was associated with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). An animal model was developed by intravenous injection of plasma from healthy or patients with COVID-19 ARDS into C57/BL6 mice once daily for 3 consecutive days. Mice were treated with one anti-S100A8/A9 antibody, the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra or vehicle, and Flo1-2a anti-murine anti-IL-1α monoclonal antibody or the specific antihuman IL-1α antibody XB2001 or isotype controls. Cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in tissues. Calprotectin, but not HMGB1, was elevated in ARDS. Higher suPAR indicated higher calprotectin. Animal challenge with COVID-19 plasma led to inflammatory reactions in murine lung and intestines as evidenced by increased levels of TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ, and MPO. Lung inflammation was attenuated with anti-S100A8/A9 pre-treatment. Anakinra treatment restored these levels. Similar decrease was found in mice treated with Flo1-2a but not with XB2001. Circulating alarmins, specifically calprotectin, of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces tissue-specific inflammatory responses through an IL-1-mediated mechanism. This could be attenuated through inhibition of IL-1 receptor or of IL-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Renieris
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Karakike
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theologia Gkavogianni
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia-Eirini Droggiti
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Stylianakis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Theano Andriopoulou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Victoria-Marina Spanou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionyssios Kafousopoulos
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece,*Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis,
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Krisnuhoni E, Rini Handjari D, Stephanie M, Kencana L, Rahadiani N. Intramucosal Calprotectin Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Non-IBD Colorectal Inflammation. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnosis remains a challenge accompanied with high numbers of misdiagnosis causing suboptimal management. Tons of trials have been conducted to improve the diagnostic accuracy, one of which is the use of biomarker such as calprotectin. Calprotectin can be detected in tissue (intramucosal) and is becoming a potential marker of IBD.
AIM: This study aims to determine intramucosal calprotectin expression in IBD, non-IBD colitis, and control.
METHODS: This analytic retrospective study included consecutively sampled IBD and non-IBD colitis colorectal biopsy specimens, and control group obtained from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital registered from 2017 to 2019. Cases were included in the study if specimens were indicative of IBD and non-IBD clinically and histopathologically and no abnormality were found histopathologically in the control group. Specimens with non-adequate data from the hospital medical records or with missing tissue slides were excluded from the study. Calprotectin immunostaining was conducted to evaluate mean intramucosal calprotectin expression (cell/HPF) in each group.
RESULTS: Most of the samples from IBD and non-IBD group (45 samples each) showed mild active inflammation. Mucosal calprotectin expression in aforementioned groups was higher than that of control group (p < 0.001). Subjects with active inflammation showed higher calprotectin expression compared to those with inactive inflammation (p < 0.001). Calprotectin expression was also related to activity grade.
CONCLUSION: Higher calprotectin expression showed significant association with the presence of inflammation and disease activity. However, the application of intramucosal calprotectin immunohistochemistry test to determine inflammatory etiology (IBD vs. non-IBD) still needs to be further evaluated.
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Mori A, Mitsuyama K, Sakemi R, Yoshioka S, Fukunaga S, Kuwaki K, Yamauchi R, Araki T, Yoshimura T, Yamasaki H, Tsuruta K, Morita T, Yamasaki S, Tsuruta O, Torimura T. Evaluation of Serum Calprotectin Levels in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Kurume Med J 2021; 66:209-215. [PMID: 34690210 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms664009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin has been proposed as a useful biomarker of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role of calprotectin in systemic circulation is not well established. Thus, this study aimed to quantify serum calprotectin levels to identify a potential inflammatory marker for IBD. METHODS Ninety-eight patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 105 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were prospectively enrolled and clinically scored. Ninety-two healthy, age-matched subjects served as controls. Blood samples from UC and CD patients and controls were analyzed for serum calprotectin levels and routine laboratory parameters. Disease activity was assessed by partial Mayo score and Harvey-Bradshaw index for UC and CD, respectively. RESULTS Serum calprotectin levels were higher in CD and UC patients than in controls and were higher during active disease than during inactive disease in CD but not in UC. In UC, serum calprotectin levels were correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) but not with other laboratory parameters or disease activity. In CD, serum calprotectin levels were positively correlated with disease activity, serum CRP, and platelet count. In UC and CD, serum calprotectin and CRP levels increased during the acute phase and decreased towards remission. CONCLUSIONS Serum calprotectin is an inflammatory marker in IBD but might be more effective in evaluating patients with CD than those with UC. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to better determine the specific uses of serum calprotectin in routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Keiichi Mitsuyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Ryosuke Sakemi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
| | - Shinichiro Yoshioka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Shuhei Fukunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kotaro Kuwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Ryosuke Yamauchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Toshihiro Araki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuhiro Yoshimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kozo Tsuruta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Taku Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Sayo Yamasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Osamu Tsuruta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
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9
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Chen Y, Han L, Qiu X, Wang G, Zheng J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Digestive Cancers: Warrior or Accomplice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766636. [PMID: 34868992 PMCID: PMC8639597 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized as a complex of extracellular DNA fibers and granule proteins, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are generated specifically by neutrophils which play a critical role in host defense and immune regulation. NETs have been initially found crucial for neutrophil anti-microbial function. Recent studies suggest that NETs are involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the function of NETs in cancer remains unclear, which might be due to the variation of research models and the heterogeneity of cancers. Although most of malignant tumors have similar biological behaviors, significant differences indeed exist in various systems. Malignant tumors of the digestive system cause the most incidence and mortality of cancer worldwide. In this review, we would focus on research developments on NETs in digestive cancers to provide insights on their role in digestive cancer progression and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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Zarubova K, Fabian O, Hradsky O, Lerchova T, Mikus F, Dotlacil V, Pos L, Skaba R, Bronsky J. Predictive value of tissue calprotectin for disease recurrence after ileocecal resection in pediatric Crohn's disease. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 166:297-303. [PMID: 34446936 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Detection of possible predictive factors of endoscopic recurrence after ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease could be very beneficial for the individual adjustment of postoperative therapy. The aim of this study was to verify, whether immunohistochemical detection of calprotectin in resection margins is useful in diagnostics of endoscopic recurrence. METHODS In this study we included pediatric patients with Crohn's disease who underwent ileocecal resection, regardless of pre-operative or post-operative therapy (n=48). We collected laboratory, clinical, surgical, endoscopic and histopathological data at the time of surgery and at 6 months after surgery. The immunohistochemical staining of calprotectin antigen was performed on all paraffin blocks from the resection margins. RESULTS Out of 48 patients 52% had endoscopic recurrence in the anastomosis (defined by Rutgeerts score) within 6 months after surgery. The number of cells positive for calprotectin in the proximal resection margin was negatively associated with recurrence (P=0.008), as was the elevated level of total calprotectin (from both resection margins). There was no correlation of calprotectin in distal resection margin and endoscopic recurrence. Fecal calprotectin over 100 ug/g (P=0.0005) and high CRP (P<0.001) at 6 months after ileocecal resection and peritonitis (P=0.048) were associated with endoscopic recurrence. CONCLUSION Approximately half of the patients developed endoscopic recurrence within 6 months after ileocecal resection. The predictive value of tissue calprotectin is questionable, as it is negatively associated with endoscopic recurrence. There are other potentially useful predictors, such as CRP and fecal calprotectin at 6 months after resection and the presence of peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Zarubova
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Fabian
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague 4, 140 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Molecular medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer hospital, Videnska 800, Prague 4, 140 59, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hradsky
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Lerchova
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Mikus
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Dotlacil
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pos
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Skaba
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bronsky
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague 5, 150 06, Czech Republic
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11
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The Role of Biomarkers in Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153362. [PMID: 34362144 PMCID: PMC8348722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory condition that generally affects the rectum and extends proximally into the colon in a continuous, distal-to-proximal pattern. Surgical resection (total proctocolectomy) is the only cure for UC and is often necessary in managing complicated or refractory disease. However, recent advances in biologically targeted therapies have resulted in improved disease control, and surgery is required in only a fraction of cases. This ever-increasing array of options for medical management has added complexity to surgical decision-making. In some circumstances, the added time required to ensure failure of medical therapy can delay colectomy in patients who will ultimately need it. Indeed, many patients with severe disease undergo trials of multiple medical therapies prior to considering surgery. In severe cases of UC, continued medical management has been associated with a delay to surgical intervention and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers represent a burgeoning field of research, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. This review seeks to highlight the different possible settings for surgery in UC and the role various biomarkers might play in each.
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12
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García-Durán C, Martínez-López R, Zapico I, Pérez E, Romeu E, Arroyo J, Hernáez ML, Pitarch A, Monteoliva L, Gil C. Distinct Human Gut Microbial Taxonomic Signatures Uncovered With Different Sample Processing and Microbial Cell Disruption Methods for Metaproteomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618566. [PMID: 34290676 PMCID: PMC8287257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of metaproteomics for studying the human gut microbiota can shed light on the taxonomic profile and the functional role of the microbial community. Nevertheless, methods for extracting proteins from stool samples continue to evolve, in the pursuit of optimal protocols for moistening and dispersing the stool sample and for disrupting microbial cells, which are two critical steps for ensuring good protein recovery. Here, we evaluated different stool sample processing (SSP) and microbial cell disruption methods (CDMs). The combination of a longer disintegration period of the stool sample in a tube rotator with sonication increased the overall number of identified peptides and proteins. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Euryarchaeota identification was favored by mechanical cell disruption with glass beads. In contrast, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria was improved when sonication was performed before bead beating. Tenericutes and Apicomplexa identification was enhanced by moistening the stool samples during processing and by disrupting cells with medium-sized glass beads combined with or without sonication. Human protein identifications were affected by sonication. To test the reproducibility of these gut metaproteomic analyses, we examined samples from six healthy individuals using a protocol that had shown a good taxonomic diversity and identification of proteins from Proteobacteria and humans. We also detected proteins involved in microbial functions relevant to the host and related mostly to specific taxa, such as B12 biosynthesis and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production carried out mainly by members in the Prevotella genus and the Firmicutes phylum, respectively. The taxonomic and functional profiles obtained with the different protocols described in this work provides the researcher with valuable information when choosing the most adequate protocol for the study of certain pathologies under suspicion of being related to a specific taxon from the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Durán
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martínez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Zapico
- Unidad de Proteómica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez
- Unidad de Proteómica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romeu
- Unidad de Proteómica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arroyo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Hernáez
- Unidad de Proteómica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Pitarch
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Monteoliva
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Gil
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Proteómica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Yagi S, Furukawa S, Shiraishi K, Hashimoto Y, Tange K, Mori K, Ninomiya T, Suzuki S, Shibata N, Murakami H, Ohashi K, Hasebe A, Tomida H, Yamamoto Y, Takeshita E, Ikeda Y, Hiasa Y. Effect of disease duration on the association between serum albumin and mucosal healing in patients with ulcerative colitis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 8:bmjgast-2021-000662. [PMID: 34099464 PMCID: PMC8186756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Serum albumin is used as a marker of acute inflammation. Several studies have addressed the association between serum albumin and clinical outcome in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). While mucosal healing (MH) has been indicated as the therapeutic goal for UC, the association between serum albumin and MH remains unclear. We evaluated this issue in patients with UC overall and explored whether duration of UC affected this association. Design This cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients with UC. Study subjects consisted of 273 Japanese patients with UC. Serum albumin was divided into tertiles based on its distribution in all study subjects. One endoscopy specialist was responsible for measuring partial MH and MH, which were defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0–1 and 0, respectively. The association between serum albumin and clinical outcomes was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results Rates of clinical remission, partial MH and MH were 57.9%, 63% and 26%, respectively. Only high serum albumin (>4.4 mg/dL) was significantly positively associated with MH (OR 2.29 (95% CI: 1.03 to 5.29), p for trend=0.043). In patients with short UC duration (<7 years) only, high serum albumin was significantly positively associated with MH and clinical remission. In patients with long UC duration (≥7 years), in contrast, no association between serum albumin and clinical outcomes was found. Conclusion In Japanese patients with UC, serum albumin was significantly positively associated with MH. In patients with short UC duration, serum albumin might be a useful complementary marker for MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Kana Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tange
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Seiyuu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Niihama, Japan
| | - Naozumi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Murakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ohashi
- Ohashi Clinic participate in Gastro-Enterology and Ano-Proctology, Niihama, Japan
| | | | - Hideomi Tomida
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | | | - Eiji Takeshita
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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14
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Zysset D, Montani M, Spalinger J, Schibli S, Zlobec I, Mueller C, Sokollik C. Molecular and Histological Profiling Reveals an Innate-Shaped Immune Microenvironment in Solitary Juvenile Polyps. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00361. [PMID: 34060497 PMCID: PMC8162518 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solitary juvenile polyps (JP) are characterized by a benign disease course with low recurrence rate but present with signs of intestinal inflammation. To better understand the underlying pathogenesis, we performed histological and molecular evaluation targeting distinct immune mechanisms. METHODS Pediatric patients with JP (n = 12), with treatment-naïve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; [n = 41]) as inflammatory control, and non-IBD controls (n = 14) were investigated. For a comparative analysis of infiltrating immune cells, a next-generation tissue microarray of biopsies was assembled, immunostained, and scored. Targeted transcriptional profiling was performed using a customized immunology panel. RESULTS In JP, a predominant accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils was observed. RNA expression profiles revealed increased levels of CXCL8, CXCL5, and CCL11 transcripts in JP, indicating an enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils. Moreover, messenger RNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL1b and the inflammation-amplifying receptor TREM1 were higher in JP, whereas we could not find signs of a functionally polarized Tcell response in JP when compared with IBD. DISCUSSION Patients with JP and patients with treatment-naïve IBD have distinct cell infiltrates during active disease. The ample presence of eosinophils in JP supports neutrophil accumulation, which is responsible for the elevated release of calprotectin. Intriguingly, however, we were not able to identify a functionally polarized T-cell response in JP, which indicates that during the acute onset of inflammation in JP, a potent adaptive immune memory is not established. This may explain the low reoccurrence rate of JP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zysset
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Montani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Susanne Schibli
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christiane Sokollik
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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15
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D'Amico F, Rubin DT, Kotze PG, Magro F, Siegmund B, Kobayashi T, Olivera PA, Bossuyt P, Pouillon L, Louis E, Domènech E, Ghosh S, Danese S, Peyrin‐Biroulet L. International consensus on methodological issues in standardization of fecal calprotectin measurement in inflammatory bowel diseases. United European Gastroenterol J 2021; 9:451-460. [PMID: 33961734 PMCID: PMC8259254 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive marker of gut inflammation which is frequently used to guide therapeutic decisions in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Each step of FC measurement can influence the results, leading to misinterpretations and potentially impacting the management of IBD patients. To date, there is high heterogeneity between FC measurements and no current method is universally accepted as a standard. AIMS Our aim was to provide clear position statementsabout the pre-analytical and the analytical phases of FC measurement to homogenize FC levels and to minimize variability and risk of misinterpretation through aninternational consensus. MATERIALS & METHODS Fourteen physicians with expertise in the field of IBD and FC from 11 countries attended a virtual international consensus meeting on July 17th, 2020. A systematic literature was conducted and the literature evidence was shared and discussedamong the participants. Statements were formulated, discussed, and voted. Statements were considered approved if all participants agreed. RESULTS Nine statements were formulated and approved. Based on the available evidence, quantitative tests should be preferred for measuring FC. Furthermore, FC measurement, if possible, should always be performed with the same method and factors influencing FC levels should be taken into account when interpreting the results. DISCUSSION FC has an increasingly important role in the management of patients with IBD. However, large multicenter studies should be conducted to define the reproducibility and to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of the available FC tests. CONCLUSION FC concentrations guide clinicians' treatment decisions. Our statements have a relevant impact in daily practice and could be applied in clinical trials to standardize FC measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityMilanItaly
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm U1256Nutrition – Genetics and Exposure to Environmental RisksUniversity Hospital of NancyUniversity of LorraineVandoeuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
| | - David T. Rubin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of Chicago Department of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Fernando Magro
- Department of GastroenterologyCentro Hospitalar São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und RheumatologieCharité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and TreatmentKitasato University Kitasato Institute HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Pablo A. Olivera
- Gastroenterology SectionDepartment of Internal MedicineCentro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Peter Bossuyt
- Imelda GI Clinical Research CenterImelda General HospitalBonheidenBelgium
| | - Lieven Pouillon
- Imelda GI Clinical Research CenterImelda General HospitalBonheidenBelgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- Department of GastroenterologyCHU Liège University HospitalLiègeBelgium
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Gastroenterology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaCataloniaSpain
- Departament de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD)MadridSpain
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Birmingham and University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityMilanItaly
- IBD CenterHumanitas Research HospitalIRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Laurent Peyrin‐Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm U1256Nutrition – Genetics and Exposure to Environmental RisksUniversity Hospital of NancyUniversity of LorraineVandoeuvre‐lès‐NancyFrance
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16
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Ambroszkiewicz J, Gajewska J, Chełchowska M, Rowicka G. Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041057. [PMID: 33805091 PMCID: PMC8064076 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to establish whether the use of a strict milk-free diet in children with cow’s milk allergy, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, also extinguishes the inflammatory reaction induced by the allergy. Methods: We examined 64 children (aged 3–6 years) with a diagnosed cow’s milk allergy who had been treated with an elimination diet for at least six months and showed remission of the disease’s clinical symptoms as a result of the treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age following an unrestricted age-appropriate diet. Concentrations of cytokines, calprotectin, and adipokines (leptin, resistin, chemerin, neutrophilic lipocalin associated with gelatinase—NGAL) were determined in the serum samples obtained from the studied children by immunoenzymatic assays. Results: Patients with CMA had significantly higher median values of serum IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL in comparison to the healthy children (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Serum concentrations of IL-10, leptin, calprotectin and CRP as well as in WBC count were in the same range in both studied groups. We observed direct statistically significant correlations between levels of IL-10 and CRP (p = 0.005), IL-10 and WBC (p = 0.045), TNF-α and WBC (p = 0.038), calprotectin and WBC (p < 0.001), chemerin and CRP (p < 0.001) as well as between NGAL and WBC (p = 0.002) in children with CMA. Conclusion: The use of a strict milk-free diet by children with CMA, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, does not seem to extinguish the inflammation induced by the allergy. The findings of this study—elevated IL-6, TNF-α, resistin, chemerin and NGAL levels in patients with CMA—suggest that these parameters seem to be involved in the generation of a low-grade proinflammatory environment observed in cow‘s milk allergy and could be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-327-7260
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Chełchowska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Grażyna Rowicka
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
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17
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Drury B, Hardisty G, Gray RD, Ho GT. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Translation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:321-333. [PMID: 33689803 PMCID: PMC8166923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) are characterised by chronic non-resolving gut mucosal inflammation involving innate and adaptive immune responses. Neutrophils, usually regarded as first responders in inflammation, are a key presence in the gut mucosal inflammatory milieu in IBD. Here, we review the role of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation as a potential effector disease mechanism. NETs are extracellular webs of chromatin, microbicidal proteins and oxidative enzymes that are released by neutrophils to contain pathogens. NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis; and recently, as a major tissue damaging process involved in the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. NETs are pertinent as a defence mechanism at the gut mucosal interphase exposed to high levels of bacteria, viruses and fungi. On the other hand, NETs can also potentiate and perpetuate gut inflammation. In this review, we discuss the broad protective vs. pathogenic roles of NETs, explanatory factors that could lead to an increase in NET formation in IBD and how NETs may contribute to gut inflammation and IBD-related complications. Finally, we summarise therapeutic opportunities to target NETs in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Broc Drury
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Hardisty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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18
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Olesen SW. Power calculations for detecting differences in efficacy of fecal microbiota donors. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 20:100674. [PMID: 33241161 PMCID: PMC7672275 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a recommended therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is being investigated as a potential therapy for dozens of other indications, notably inflammatory bowel disease. The immense variability in human stool, combined with anecdotal reports from FMT studies, have suggested the existence of “donor effects”, in which stool from some FMT donors is more efficacious than stool from other donors. In this study, simulated clinical trials were used to estimate the number of patients that would be required to detect donor effects under a variety of study designs. In most cases, reliable detection of donor effects required more than 100 patients treated with FMT. These results suggest that previous reports of donor effects need to be verified with results from large clinical trials and that patient biomarkers may be the most promising route to robustly identifying donor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Olesen
- OpenBiome, 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
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19
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Khaki-Khatibi F, Qujeq D, Kashifard M, Moein S, Maniati M, Vaghari-Tabari M. Calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:556-565. [PMID: 32818491 PMCID: PMC7431395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term IBD is usually used for referring to a group of inflammatory gastro-intestinal diseases (mainly Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Accordingly, IBD arises as a result of inappropriate immune response to intestinal commensal organisms among genetically susceptible individuals. Performing colonoscopy and histopathologic evaluation on an inflamed bowel biopsy specimen are currently considered as gold standards for diagnosis and management of IBD. Correspondingly, these techniques are known to be invasive and costly. In recent decades, fecal calprotectin, as a biomarker, has received much attention for the diagnosis and non-invasive management of IBD. Up to now, many studies have investigated the efficacy of fecal calprotectin in the areas of IBD differentiation from IBS, prediction of endoscopic and histologic activities of IBD and prediction of disease recurrence. Although some of these studies have reported promising results, some others have shown significant limitations. Therefore, in this paper, we reviewed the most interesting ones of these studies after a brief discussion of the laboratory measurement of fecal calprotectin. Moreover, we attempted to provide an answer for the question of whether fecal-calprotectin could be considered as a potential surrogate marker for colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kashifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Gondoh-Noda Y, Kometani M, Nomura A, Aono D, Karashima S, Ushijima H, Tamiya E, Murayama T, Yoneda T. Feasibility of a Novel Mobile C-Reactive Protein-Testing Device Using Gold-Linked Electrochemical Immunoassay: Clinical Performance Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18782. [PMID: 32894233 PMCID: PMC7506539 DOI: 10.2196/18782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Home-based care is one of the most promising solutions to provide sufficient medical care for several older patients in Japan. However, because of insufficient diagnostic devices, it is sometimes difficult to detect early signs of the occurrence or worsening of diseases, such as infections under home-based care settings. C-reactive protein (CRP) is highly sensitive to diagnosing infections, and its elevation can help diagnose acute infection in older patients. Therefore, a CRP-measuring device that can be used in such a specific occasion is needed for home-based care. However, aspects such as its size, weight, and procedure are still challenging with respect to the practical use of mobile devices that quantitatively measure CRP levels easily and quickly under home-based care settings. Objective We developed a new mobile, rapid CRP measurement device using a gold-linked electrochemical immunoassay (GLEIA) system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of this mobile CRP-testing device. Methods First, we assessed the performance of bare GLEIA-based electrode chips as the foundation of the device. After embedding the bare GLEIA-based electrode chips in a special plastic case and developing the mobile CRP-testing device, we further tested the device prototype using clinical blood samples. Finally, we evaluated the intra-assay variability for precision in the same condition and inter-assay variability for reproducibility in different conditions. Results Blood samples for analysis were obtained by direct vein puncture from outpatients (N=85; females: 57/85; males: 28/85; age: 19-88 years) at Kanazawa University Hospital in Japan. For performance evaluation of bare GLEIA-based electrode chips, we used 85 clinical blood samples. There was a significant positive correlation between the electrode-predicted CRP levels and the reference CRP concentrations (R2=0.947; P<.001). The assembled device was mobile (size 45×90×2.4 mm; weight 10 g) and disposable. The minimum volume of the sample needed for measuring CRP was 1.4 µL. The estimated preanalytical time was approximately 7 minutes and 40 seconds, and analysis time was approximately 1 minute and 10 seconds. Subsequently, for performance evaluation of the mobile CRP-testing device using GLEIA-based electrode chips, we used 26 clinical blood samples and found a significant positive correlation between the mobile device-predicted CRP levels and the reference CRP concentrations (R2=0.866, P<.001). The intra-assay variabilities were 34.2%, 40.8%, and 24.5% for low, medium, and high CRP concentrations, respectively. The inter-assay variabilities were 46.5%, 38.3%, and 64.1% for low, medium, and high CRP concentrations, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that this new mobile CRP-testing device might be suitable for use in home-based care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Gondoh-Noda
- Department of Clinical Development, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kometani
- Division of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University (iCREK), Kanazawa, Japan.,Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University (iCREK), Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aono
- Division of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Karashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Eiichi Tamiya
- BioDevice Technology Ltd, Nomi, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Nomi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Murayama
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University (iCREK), Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoneda
- Division of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Program Management Office for Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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21
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Tabler TW, Greene ES, Orlowski SK, Hiltz JZ, Anthony NB, Dridi S. Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Heat-Stressed Modern Broilers and Their Ancestor Wild Jungle Fowl. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:249. [PMID: 32457922 PMCID: PMC7220999 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High environmental temperature has strong adverse effects on poultry production, welfare, and sustainability and, thereby, constitutes one of the most challenging stressors. Although colossal information has been published on the effects of heat stress on poultry productivity and gut health, the fundamemntal mechanisms associated with heat stress responses and intestinal barrier function are still not well defined. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to determine the effects of acute (2 h) heat stress on growth performance, gut integrity, and intestinal expression of heat shock and tight junction proteins in slow- (broilers of the 1950's, ACRB), moderate- (broilers of 1990's, 95RAN), rapid-(modern broilers, MRB) growing birds, and their ancestor wild jungle fowl (JF). Heat stress exposure significantly increased the core body temperature of 95RAN and MRB chickens by ~0.5–1°C, but not that of JF and ACRB compared to their counterparts maintained at thermoneutral conditions. Heat stress also depressed feed intake and increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-D) levels (P < 0.05) in modern broilers (95RAN and MRB) but not in JF and ACRB, indicating potential leaky gut syndrome. Molecular analyses showed that heat stress exposure significantly up regulated the duodenal expression of occludin (OCLN) and lipocalin (LCN2) in ACRB, zonula occludens (ZO-2), villin1 (VIL1), and calprotectin (CALPR) in 95 RAN, and only CALPR in MRB compared to their TN counterparts. In the jejunum however, heat stress down regulated the expression of PALS1-associated tight junction protein (PATJ) in ACRB, 95RAN, and MRB, and that of cadherin1 (CDH1) in MRB. In the ileum, heat stress significantly down regulated the expression of OCLN in 95 RAN, ZO-1 in MRB, gap junction protein alpha1 (GJA1) in JF, and VIL1 in ACRB compared to their TN counterparts. In summary, this is the first report, to our knowledge, showing that tight junction protein expression is environmental-, genotype-, and intestinal segment-dependent and identifying molecular signatures, such as CDH1, CALPR, and ZO-1, potentially involved in leaky gut syndrome-induced by heat stress in MRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Tabler
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sara K Orlowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Joseph Z Hiltz
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Nicholas B Anthony
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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22
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Gobbetti T, Berger SB, Fountain K, Slocombe T, Rowles A, Pearse G, Harada I, Bertin J, Haynes AC, Beal AM. Receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase inhibition therapeutically ameliorates experimental T cell-dependent colitis in mice. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:220. [PMID: 32249785 PMCID: PMC7136199 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Scott B Berger
- Innate Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn Fountain
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Tom Slocombe
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alison Rowles
- Department of Pathology, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Gail Pearse
- Department of Pathology, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - John Bertin
- Innate Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Andrea C Haynes
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Allison M Beal
- Innate Immunity Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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23
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Gheibi N, Ghorbani M, Shariatifar H, Farasat A. Effects of unsaturated fatty acids (Arachidonic/Oleic Acids) on stability and structural properties of Calprotectin using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230780. [PMID: 32214349 PMCID: PMC7098580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimeric protein complex with two subunits called S100A8/A9. The protein has an essential role in inflammation process and various human diseases. It has the ability to bind to unsaturated fatty acids including Arachidonic acid, Oleic acid and etc., which could be considered as a major carrier for fatty acids. In this study we aimed to appraise the thermodynamics and structural changes of Calprotectin in presence of Arachidonic acid/Oleic acid) using docking and molecular dynami simulation method. To create the best conformation of Calprotectin-Oleic acid/Arachidonic acid complexes, the docking process was performed. The complexes with the best binding energy were selected as the models for molecular dynamics simulation process. Furthermore, the structural and thermodynamics properties of the complexes were evaluated too. The Root Mean Square Deviation and Root Mean Square Fluctuation results showed that the binding of Arachidonic acid/Oleic acid to Calprotectin can cause the protein structural changes which was confirmed by Define Secondary Structure of Proteins results. Accordingly, the binding free energy results verified that binding of Oleic acid to Calprotectin leads to instability of S100A8/A9 subunits in the protein. Moreover, the electrostatic energy contribution of the complexes (Calprotectin-Oleic acid/Arachidonic acid) was remarkably higher than van der Waals energy. Thus, the outcome of this study confirm that Oleic acid has a stronger interaction with Calprotectin in comparison with Arachidonic acid. Our findings indicated that binding of unsaturated fatty acids to Calprotectin leads to structural changes of the S100A8/A9 subunits which could be beneficial to play a biological role in inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ghorbani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology/Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanifeh Shariatifar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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24
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Azramezani Kopi T, Shahrokh S, Mirzaei S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Amini Kadijani A. The role of serum calprotectin as a novel biomarker in inflammatory bowel diseases: a review study. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2019; 12:183-189. [PMID: 31528300 PMCID: PMC6668766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) increases in the newly industrialized countries, the health and financial burden of disease also increase. These changes make the role of IBD biomarkers further crucial. Serum calprotectin, as a novel blood-based biomarker of IBD, has been investigated in several investigations. Yet, there is no consensus regarding its clinical utility. We searched the electronic database, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the end of 2018 to find how serum calprotectin associates with the disease characteristics in IBD. The search terms included: inflammatory bowel diseases, IBD, Crohn Diseases (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), calprotectin, serum, and blood. Based on our review, a biomarker role has been suggested for serum calprotectin in IBD, as significant associations were found between serum calprotectin and disease burden, prognosis, and relapse. A complementary role to fecal calprotectin has also been suggested for serum calprotectin. On the other hand, considering a significant correlation between serum calprotectin and serum CRP, but not fecal calprotectin, serum calprotectin could be more representative of systemic inflammation than an intestinal inflammation. Consequently, further researches are needed to unwrap the potential of serum calprotectin as a blood-based biomarker in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azade Amini Kadijani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Nakamura S, Imaeda H, Nishikawa H, Iimuro M, Matsuura M, Oka H, Oku J, Miyazaki T, Honda H, Watanabe K, Nakase H, Andoh A. Usefulness of fecal calprotectin by monoclonal antibody testing in adult Japanese with inflammatory bowel diseases: a prospective multicenter study. Intest Res 2018; 16:554-562. [PMID: 30301337 PMCID: PMC6223455 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Noninvasive objective monitoring is advantageous for optimizing treatment strategies in patients inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal calprotectin (FCP) is superior to traditional biomarkers in terms of assessing the activity in patients with IBD. However, there are the differences among several FCP assays in the dynamics of FCP. In this prospective multicenter trial, we investigated the usefulness of FCP measurements in adult Japanese patients with IBD by reliable enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody. Methods We assessed the relationship between FCP levels and disease or endoscopic activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n=64) or Crohn’s disease (CD, n=46) compared with healthy controls (HCs, n=64). Results FCP levels in UC patients strongly correlated with the Disease Activity Index (rs=0.676, P<0.0001) and Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES; rs=0.677, P<0.0001). FCP levels were significantly higher even in patients with inactive UC or CD compared with HCs (P=0.0068, P<0.0001). The optimal cutoff value between MES 1 and 2 exhibited higher sensitivity (94.1%). FCP levels were significantly higher in active UC patients than in inactive patients (P<0.001), except those with proctitis. The Crohn’s Disease Activity Index tended to correlate with the FCP level (rs=0.283, P=0.0565). Conclusions Our testing method using a monoclonal antibody for FCP was well-validated and differentiated IBD patients from HCs. FCP may be a useful biomarker for objective assessment of disease activity in adult Japanese IBD patients, especially those with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Nakamura
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Imaeda
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Center for Clinical Research and Education, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaki Iimuro
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Oka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Junsuke Oku
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amagasaki Central Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan.,Oku Clinic, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Takako Miyazaki
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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