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Sha X, Zou X, Liu S, Guan C, Shi W, Gao J, Zhong X, Jiang X. Forkhead box O1 in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: molecular mechanisms and drug research. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1426780. [PMID: 39021599 PMCID: PMC11253077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1426780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that progresses from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, posing a huge burden on human health. Existing research has confirmed that forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), as a member of the FOXO transcription factor family, is upregulated in MAFLD. Its activity is closely related to nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and various post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation. FOXO1 mediates the progression of MAFLD by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocyte autophagy, apoptosis, and immune inflammation. This article elaborates on the regulatory role of FOXO1 in MAFLD, providing a summary and new insights for the current status of drug research and targeted therapies for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangyu Zhong
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingming Jiang
- General Surgery Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhang D, Wang H, Chen Y, Cai Z, Yu B, Liu J, Feng X, Wang C, Gu Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-2285f regulates milk fat metabolism by targeting MAP2K2 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14567. [PMID: 38798178 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Holstein dairy cows raised in Ningxia were selected as the research object. Mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were extracted from the milk of eight Holstein cows with significantly different milk fat expression rates and transcribed for sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyse the correlation of fat milk percentage, and the critical miR-2285f regulating milk fat was screened out. The target gene binding sites were predicted, and 293T cells and mammary epithelial cells were used as miRNA and target gene models for functional verification in vitro. The tissue difference of miR-2285f Holstein cows was quantitatively analysed by transfecting miR-2285f mimic and inhibitor. Assay (dual luciferase reporter gene assay) and quantitative real-time PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR), triglyceride (TAG) detection, oil red O detection of lipid droplets, Western Blot assay, Edu and Flow cytometry, The molecular regulatory effects of miR-2285f and target gene MAP2K2 on milk fat metabolism of Holstein dairy cows were studied. The wild-type vector and mutant vector of map2k2-3'utr were constructed, and double luciferase reporting experiments were conducted to verify that MAP2K2 was one of the target genes of miR-2285f. According to qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis, miR-2285f mainly regulates the expression of MAP2K2 protein in BMECs at the translation level. Bta-miR-2285f can promote cell proliferation and slow cell apoptosis by regulating MAP2K2. Bta-miR-2285f can promote triglyceride (TAG) and lipid droplet accumulation in mammary epithelial cells by targeting MAP2K2. Bta-miR-2285f can regulate protein levels of fat milk marker gene PPARG by targeting MAP2K2. In conclusion, miR-2285f can target the expression of the MAP2K2 gene, promote the proliferation of dairy mammary epithelial cells, inhibit cell apoptosis and regulate the milk fat metabolism in dairy mammary epithelial cells. The results of this study revealed the function of miR-2285f in regulating the differential expression of fat milk in Holstein dairy cows at the cellular level. They provided a theoretical and experimental basis for analysing the regulation network of milk fat synthesis of Holstein dairy cows and the molecular breeding of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - HuiJun Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - YaFei Chen
- Yinchuan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Service Center, Yinchuan, China
| | - ZhengYun Cai
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - BaoJun Yu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - JiaMin Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - XiaoFang Feng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - ChuanChuan Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - YaLing Gu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Adesanya O, Das D, Kalsotra A. Emerging roles of RNA-binding proteins in fatty liver disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1840. [PMID: 38613185 PMCID: PMC11018357 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A rampant and urgent global health issue of the 21st century is the emergence and progression of fatty liver disease (FLD), including alcoholic fatty liver disease and the more heterogenous metabolism-associated (or non-alcoholic) fatty liver disease (MAFLD/NAFLD) phenotypes. These conditions manifest as disease spectra, progressing from benign hepatic steatosis to symptomatic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. With numerous intricately regulated molecular pathways implicated in its pathophysiology, recent data have emphasized the critical roles of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the onset and development of FLD. They regulate gene transcription and post-transcriptional processes, including pre-mRNA splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, as well as mature mRNA transport, stability, and translation. RBP dysfunction at every point along the mRNA life cycle has been associated with altered lipid metabolism and cellular stress response, resulting in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the role of RBPs in the post-transcriptional processes associated with FLD and highlight the possible and emerging therapeutic strategies leveraging RBP function for FLD treatment. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diptatanu Das
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center @ Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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He J, Fan F, Li J, Han Y, Song Y, Zhang R, Xu Y, Wu H, Fan R. SIRT1 alleviates insulin resistance and respiratory distress in late preterm rats by activating QKI5-mediated PPARγ/PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2449-2466. [PMID: 38146686 PMCID: PMC10802202 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2297567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a common complication of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and late preterm births. Research suggests that SIRT1 was involved in LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, but its mechanism remains to be further explored. Here, pregnant rats were intraperitoneally injected with 45 mg/Kg streptozotocin at day 0 of gestation to induce GDM and injected with LPS at day 17 of gestation to induce late preterm birth. Pioglitazone (a PPARγ agonist) was administered from day 17 to parturition in GDM group, and it was administered for 3 days before LPS injection in late preterm birth group. SRT1720 (a SIRT1 activator) was administered by oral gavage from day 0 to day 17 in both groups. Our data showed that activation of SIRT1 or PPARγ alleviated the abnormal blood glucose metabolism and lung tissue injury, downregulated expression of surfactant proteins (SP-B and SP-C), and decreased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway induced by GDM and late preterm birth in neonatal rats. Moreover, an insulin resistance model was established by treating primary AT-II cells with insulin. Activation of SIRT1 reversed insulin-induced reduction in cell proliferation, glucose consumption, SP-B and SP-C expression, and the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway and increase in cellular inflammation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, SIRT1 upregulated PPARγ expression via deacetylation of QKI5, an RNA binding protein that can stabilize its target mRNA molecules, and then activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, SIRT1 promotes the expression of PPARγ via upregulation of QKI5 and activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus mitigating NRDS caused by GDM and late preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiao He
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingxian Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huajie Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Xu J, Liu X, Wu S, Zhang D, Liu X, Xia P, Ling J, Zheng K, Xu M, Shen Y, Zhang J, Yu P. RNA-binding proteins in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): From mechanism to therapy. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:21-37. [PMID: 36682800 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally and seriously increases the public health burden, affecting approximately one quarter of the world population. Recently, RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-related pathogenesis of MAFLD has received increasing attention. RBPs, vividly called the gate keepers of MAFLD, play an important role in the development of MAFLD through transcription regulation, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, stability and subcellular localization. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of different RBPs in the occurrence and development of MAFLD, as well as list some drugs that can improve MAFLD by targeting RBPs. Considering the important role of RBPs in the development of MAFLD, elucidating the RNA regulatory networks involved in RBPs will facilitate the design of new drugs and biomarkers discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Medical Care Strategic Customer Department, China Merchants Bank Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Guangdong, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College / The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Sirtuin-1 sensitive lysine-136 acetylation drives phase separation and pathological aggregation of TDP-43. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1223. [PMID: 35264561 PMCID: PMC8907366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-activation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) regulates RNA processing and forms neuropathological aggregates in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Investigating TDP-43 post-translational modifications, we discovered that K84 acetylation reduced nuclear import whereas K136 acetylation impaired RNA binding and splicing capabilities of TDP-43. Such failure of RNA interaction triggered TDP-43 phase separation mediated by the C-terminal low complexity domain, leading to the formation of insoluble aggregates with pathologically phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43. Introduction of acetyl-lysine at the identified sites via amber suppression confirmed the results from site-directed mutagenesis. K84-acetylated TDP-43 showed cytoplasmic mislocalization, and the aggregation propensity of K136-acetylated TDP-43 was confirmed. We generated antibodies selective for TDP-43 acetylated at these lysines, and found that sirtuin-1 can potently deacetylate K136-acetylated TDP-43 and reduce its aggregation propensity. Thus, distinct lysine acetylations modulate nuclear import, RNA binding and phase separation of TDP-43, suggesting regulatory mechanisms for TDP-43 pathogenesis.
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Watroba M, Szukiewicz D. Sirtuins at the Service of Healthy Longevity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724506. [PMID: 34899370 PMCID: PMC8656451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins may counteract at least six hallmarks of organismal aging: neurodegeneration, chronic but ineffective inflammatory response, metabolic syndrome, DNA damage, genome instability, and cancer incidence. Moreover, caloric restriction is believed to slow down aging by boosting the activity of some sirtuins through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus raising the level of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by stimulating NAD+ biosynthesis. Sirtuins and their downstream effectors induce intracellular signaling pathways related to a moderate caloric restriction within cells, mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell senescence phenotype (CSP) induction, and apoptosis as forms of the cellular stress response. Instead, it can promote DNA damage repair and survival of cells with normal, completely functional phenotypes. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of sirtuins action toward cell-conserving phenotype associated with intracellular signaling pathways related to moderate caloric restriction, as well as some tissue-specific functions of sirtuins, especially in the central nervous system, heart muscle, skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys, white adipose tissue, hematopoietic system, and immune system. In this context, we discuss the possibility of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Watroba
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Sirtuins as Interesting Players in the Course of HIV Infection and Comorbidities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102739. [PMID: 34685718 PMCID: PMC8534645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of enzymes from the group of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Through the reaction of splitting the acetyl group of various transcription factors and histones they regulate many processes in the organism. The activity of sirtuins is linked to metabolic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, and they also affect the course of viral infections. For this reason, they may participate in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases, but little is known about their role in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which is the subject of this review. In the course of HIV infection, comorbidities such as: neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes, lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases, renal and bone diseases developed more frequently and faster compared to the general population. The role of sirtuins in the development of accompanying diseases in the course of HIV infection may also be interesting. There is still a lack of detailed information on this subject. The role of sirtuins, especially SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, are indicated to be of great importance in the course of HIV infection and the development of the abovementioned comorbidities.
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Liu R, Li H, Deng J, Wu Q, Liao C, Xiao Q, Chang Q. QKI 6 ameliorates CIRI through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis associated with SIRT1-PPARγ-PGC-1α axis. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2271. [PMID: 34227244 PMCID: PMC8413718 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stroke induced by ischemia of brain remains high incidence and death rate. The study wanted to confirm the effects of Quaking 6 (QKI 6) on the protection role in neurons of rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat model with CIRI induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion was well established and rat neurons were isolated to characterize the effects of QKI 6 mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and neuronal apoptosis via activation of SIRT1-peroxisome proliferater-activated receptor (PPAR)γ- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC)-1α signaling pathway. RESULTS The expression levels of SIRT1 or QKI 6, and acetylation level of QKI 6 were decreased in neurons of rat model with CIRI. QKI 6 deacetylated and mediated by SIRT1 that contributed to suppressing the progression of neuronal apoptosis in rat through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in vivo and in vitro via SIRT1-PPARγ-PGC-1α signaling pathway, then inhibiting CIRI. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated SIRT1 deacetylates QKI 6, the RNA-binding protein, that affects significantly the synthesis of triglyceride in neurons of CIRI rat model. Moreover, it activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) through post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of PPARγ, and further enhanced synthesis of triglyceride, thereby restrained the progression of neural apoptosis and CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hongzeng Li
- Department of Gerontology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Deng
- Department of Encephalology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qunqiang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qun Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The 150th Central Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, PR China
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Zhang C, Yang M. The Emerging Factors and Treatment Options for NAFLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153740. [PMID: 34359642 PMCID: PMC8345138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and it is an increasing factor in the cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NAFLD has increased in recent decades, accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of other metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, current treatment options are limited. Both genetic factors and non-genetic factors impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. Some key molecules play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC, which can be targeted to impede HCC development. In this review, we summarize some key factors and important molecules in NAFLD-related HCC development, the latest progress in HCC diagnosis and treatment options, and some current clinical trials for NAFLD treatment. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, followed by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). HCC is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and its incidence is rising, associated with an increased prevalence of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, current treatment options are limited. Genetic factors and epigenetic factors, influenced by age and environment, significantly impact the initiation and progression of NAFLD-related HCC. In addition, both transcriptional factors and post-transcriptional modification are critically important for the development of HCC in the fatty liver under inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. The early diagnosis of liver cancer predicts curative treatment and longer survival. However, clinical HCC cases are commonly found in a very late stage due to the asymptomatic nature of the early stage of NAFLD-related HCC. The development of diagnostic methods and novel biomarkers, as well as the combined evaluation algorithm and artificial intelligence, support the early and precise diagnosis of NAFLD-related HCC, and timely monitoring during its progression. Treatment options for HCC and NAFLD-related HCC include immunotherapy, CAR T cell therapy, peptide treatment, bariatric surgery, anti-fibrotic treatment, and so on. Overall, the incidence of NAFLD-related HCC is increasing, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanism implicated in the progression of NAFLD-related HCC is essential for improving treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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Opstad TB, Berg TJ, Holte KB, Arnesen H, Solheim S, Seljeflot I. Reduced leukocyte telomere lengths and sirtuin 1 gene expression in long-term survivors of type 1 diabetes: A Dialong substudy. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1183-1192. [PMID: 33249778 PMCID: PMC8264411 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The shortening of leukocyte telomere length with age has been associated with coronary disease, whereas the association with type 1 diabetes is unclear. We aimed to explore telomere lengths in diabetes patients with regard to coronary artery disease, compared with healthy controls. The longevity factors sirtuin 1 and growth-differentiating factor 11 were investigated accordingly. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study of 102 participants with long-term type 1 diabetes and 75 controls (mean age 62 and 63 years, respectively), where 88 cases and 60 controls without diagnosed coronary artery disease completed computed tomography coronary angiography. Telomere lengths and gene expression of sirtuin 1 and growth-differentiating factor 11 were quantified in leukocytes. RESULTS Telomere lengths and sirtuin 1 were reduced in diabetes patients versus controls, medians (25th to 75th percentiles): 0.97 (0.82-1.15) versus 1.08 (0.85-1.29) and 0.88 (0.65-1.14) vs 1.01 (0.78-1.36), respectively, adjusted P < 0.05, both. Previous coronary artery disease in diabetes patients (n = 15) was associated with lower sirtuin 1 and growth-differentiating factor 11 messenger ribonucleic acid expression (adjusted P < 0.03, both). In the combined diabetes and control group, previous artery coronary disease (n = 18) presented with significantly shorter telomeres (adjusted P = 0.038). Newly diagnosed obstructive coronary artery disease, defined as >50% stenosis, was not associated with the investigated variables. CONCLUSIONS Long-term type 1 diabetes presented with reduced telomeres and sirtuin 1 expression, with additional reduction in diabetes patients with previous coronary artery disease, showing their importance for cardiovascular disease development with potential as novel biomarkers in diabetes and coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Baur Opstad
- Department of CardiologyCenter for Clinical Heart ResearchOslo University HospitalUllevålNorway
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Tore Julsrud Berg
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Endocrinology, Prevention and ObesityUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Kristine Bech Holte
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Endocrinology, Prevention and ObesityUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Department of CardiologyCenter for Clinical Heart ResearchOslo University HospitalUllevålNorway
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Department of CardiologyCenter for Clinical Heart ResearchOslo University HospitalUllevålNorway
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Department of CardiologyCenter for Clinical Heart ResearchOslo University HospitalUllevålNorway
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Liu MJ, Jin H, Chen YB, Yu JJ, Guo ZY, He SQ, Zeng YL. Screening of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related datasets and identification of NASH-related genes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:567-581. [PMID: 34093943 PMCID: PMC8167495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common liver disease in the western world. The mechanisms behind NASH formation are poorly understood, but there may be multiple targets considering the disease's multifactorial nature. To explore the genes related to the pathogenesis of NASH, we downloaded clinical data and gene expression of NASH patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). We identified 281 genes with a common expression in two NASH-related datasets (GSE89632 and GSE83452), suggesting that they may be related to NASH. Further study showed that Angptl4, Foxo1, and Ttc39B might be essential for NASH progression, and these have been poorly studied. Therefore, we explored their roles in NASH. Our data show that these genes participate in the development of NASH through lipid metabolism. This suggests that the three genes can be used as therapeutic targets in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Bing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Song-Qing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Lian Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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Paudel P, Pierotti C, Lozano E, Amoah SK, Gardiner AS, Caldwell KK, Allan AM, Mellios N. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Results in Sex-Specific Alterations in Circular RNA Expression in the Developing Mouse Brain. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:581895. [PMID: 33304235 PMCID: PMC7693437 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.581895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are heterogeneous disorders associated with alcohol exposure to the developing fetus that are characterized by a range of adverse neurodevelopmental deficits. Despite the numerous genomics and genetic studies on FASD models, the comprehensive molecular understanding of the mechanisms that underlie FASD-related neurodevelopmental deficits remains elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subtype of long non-coding RNAs that are derived from back-splicing and covalent joining of exons and/or introns of protein-coding genes. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are highly enriched in the brain, where they are developmentally regulated. However, the role of the majority of brain-enriched circRNAs in normal and pathological brain development and function has not been explored yet. Here we carried out the first systematic profiling of circRNA expression in response to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in male and female embryonic day 18 (E18) whole brains. We observed that the changes in circRNA expression in response to PAE were notably sex-specific and that PAE tended to erase most of the sex-specificity in circRNA expression present in control (saccharin-treated) mice. On the other hand, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the same samples showed that changes in protein-coding gene expression were not predominantly sex-specific. Using circRNA quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we validated that circSatb2, which is generated from the special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) gene, is significantly upregulated in the brain of E18 male PAE mice. We also show that circPtchd2, a circRNA synthesized from dispatched RND transporter family member 3 (Disp3, also known as Ptchd2), exhibits significantly higher expression in E18 control but not PAE female mouse brain relative to males. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PAE differentially alters circRNA expression in the developing brain in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Paudel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Caroline Pierotti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Evelyn Lozano
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Stephen K Amoah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Amy S Gardiner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kevin K Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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14
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Research on the Mechanism of Qushi Huayu Decoction in the Intervention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1704960. [PMID: 33204683 PMCID: PMC7658690 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1704960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To use network pharmacology and molecular docking technology in predicting the main active ingredients and targets of Qushi Huayu Decoction (QHD) treatment in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and explore the potential mechanisms of its multi-component-multi-target-multi-pathway. Materials and Methods The main chemical components of QHD were searched using traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology technology platform (TCMSP) and PubChem database. The main chemical components of the prescription were ADMET screened by the ACD/Labs software. The main active ingredient was screened by 60% oral bioavailability, and 60% of “bad” ingredients were removed from the drug-like group. Swiss Target Prediction, the SEA, and HitPick systems were sequentially used to search for the target of each active ingredient, and a network map of the QHD's target of the active ingredient was constructed. Genome annotation database platforms (GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGeNET) were used to predict action targets related to fatty liver disease. “Drug-Disease-Target” network diagram could be visualized with the help of Cytoscape (3.7.1) software. UniProt and STRING database platforms were used to build a protein interaction network. The KEGG signal pathway and DAVID platform were analyzed for biological process enrichment. Results A total of 128 active ingredients and 275 corresponding targets in QHD were discovered through screening. 55 key target targets and 27 important signaling pathways were screened, such as the cancer pathway, P13K-AKT signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and other related signaling pathways. Conclusions The present study revealed the material basis of QHD and discussed the pharmacological mechanism of QHD in fatty liver, thus providing a scientific basis for the clinical application and experimental research of QHD in the future.
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Bae-Gartz I, Kasper P, Großmann N, Breuer S, Janoschek R, Kretschmer T, Appel S, Schmitz L, Vohlen C, Quaas A, Schweiger MR, Grimm C, Fischer A, Ferrari N, Graf C, Frese CK, Lang S, Demir M, Schramm C, Fink G, Goeser T, Dötsch J, Hucklenbruch-Rother E. Maternal exercise conveys protection against NAFLD in the offspring via hepatic metabolic programming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15424. [PMID: 32963289 PMCID: PMC7508970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal exercise (ME) during pregnancy has been shown to improve metabolic health in offspring and confers protection against the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its underlying mechanism are still poorly understood, and it remains unclear whether protective effects on hepatic metabolism are already seen in the offspring early life. This study aimed at determining the effects of ME during pregnancy on offspring body composition and development of NAFLD while focusing on proteomic-based analysis of the hepatic energy metabolism during developmental organ programming in early life. Under an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD), male offspring of exercised C57BL/6J-mouse dams were protected from body weight gain and NAFLD in adulthood (postnatal day (P) 112). This was associated with a significant activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and PPAR coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1α) signaling with reduced hepatic lipogenesis and increased hepatic β-oxidation at organ programming peak in early life (P21). Concomitant proteomic analysis revealed a characteristic hepatic expression pattern in offspring as a result of ME with the most prominent impact on Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Thus, ME may offer protection against offspring HFD-induced NAFLD by shaping hepatic proteomics signature and metabolism in early life. The results highlight the potential of exercise during pregnancy for preventing the early origins of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Bae-Gartz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kasper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Großmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saida Breuer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Appel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michal R Schweiger
- Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetic, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Grimm
- Translational Epigenetics and Tumor Genetic, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nina Ferrari
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood and Youth / Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, Department of Movement and Health Promotion, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, Department of Movement and Health Promotion, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian K Frese
- Proteomics Core Facility, CECAD Research Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max-Planck-Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Campus Mitte and Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Fink
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 16, Building 44a, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Hong T, Ge Z, Zhang B, Meng R, Zhu D, Bi Y. Erythropoietin suppresses hepatic steatosis and obesity by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulating fibroblast growth factor 21. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:469-478. [PMID: 31173165 PMCID: PMC6605699 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), known primarily for its role in erythropoiesis, was recently reported to play a beneficial role in regulating lipid metabolism; however, the underlying mechanism through which EPO decreases hepatic lipid accumulation requires further investigation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may contribute to the progression of hepatic steatosis. The present study investigated the effects of EPO on regulating ER stress in fatty liver. It was demonstrated that EPO inhibited hepatic ER stress and steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were abrogated in liver-specific sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates. In addition, in palmitate-treated hepatocytes, small interfering RNA-mediated SIRT1 silencing suppressed the effects of EPO on lipid-induced ER stress. Additionally, EPO stimulated hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and secretion in a SIRT1-dependent manner in mice. Furthermore, the sensitivity of hepatocytes from obese mice to FGF21 was restored following treatment with EPO. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed a new mechanism underlying the regulation of hepatic ER stress and FGF21 expression induced by EPO; thus, EPO may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of fatty liver and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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