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Sato Y, Tsujinaka S, Miura T, Kitamura Y, Suzuki H, Shibata C. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, Surveillance, and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4154. [PMID: 37627182 PMCID: PMC10452690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Although advancements in endoscopic imaging techniques, integrated surveillance programs, and improved medical therapies have contributed to a decreased incidence of CRC in patients with IBD, the rate of CRC remains higher in patients with IBD than in individuals without chronic colitis. Patients with IBD-related CRCs exhibit a poorer prognosis than those with sporadic CRCs, owing to their aggressive histological characteristics and lower curative resection rate. In this review, we present an updated overview of the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, surveillance strategies, treatment recommendations, and prognosis of IBD-related CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shingo Tsujinaka
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
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2
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Vieujean S, Caron B, Haghnejad V, Jouzeau JY, Netter P, Heba AC, Ndiaye NC, Moulin D, Barreto G, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7611. [PMID: 35886959 PMCID: PMC9321337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that encompass two main phenotypes, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. Epigenetics, acting by DNA methylation, post-translational histones modifications or by non-coding RNAs, could explain how the exposome (or all environmental influences over the life course, from conception to death) could influence the gene expression to contribute to intestinal inflammation. We performed a scoping search using Medline to identify all the elements of the exposome that may play a role in intestinal inflammation through epigenetic modifications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The environmental factors epigenetically influencing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation are the maternal lifestyle (mainly diet, the occurrence of infection during pregnancy and smoking); breastfeeding; microbiota; diet (including a low-fiber diet, high-fat diet and deficiency in micronutrients); smoking habits, vitamin D and drugs (e.g., IBD treatments, antibiotics and probiotics). Influenced by both microbiota and diet, short-chain fatty acids are gut microbiota-derived metabolites resulting from the anaerobic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers, playing an epigenetically mediated role in the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in the defense against invading microorganisms. Although the impact of some environmental factors has been identified, the exposome-induced epimutations in IBD remain a largely underexplored field. How these environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications (in terms of duration, frequency and the timing at which they occur) and how other environmental factors associated with IBD modulate epigenetics deserve to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vieujean
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Vincent Haghnejad
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Patrick Netter
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - David Moulin
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
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Gu S, Qian S, Lin S, Ye D, Li Q, Yang J, Ying X, Li Z, Tang M, Wang J, Chen K, Jin M. Promoter hypermethylation of GALR1 acts as an early epigenetic susceptibility event in colorectal carcinogenesis. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:519-525. [PMID: 35606503 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics play an essential role in colorectal neoplasia process. There is a need to determine the appropriateness of epigenetic biomarkers for early detection as well as expand our understanding of the carcinogenic process. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess how DNA methylation pattern of GALR1 gene evolves in a sample set representing colorectal neoplastic progression. The study was designed into three phases. Firstly, Methylation status of GALR1 was assessed with genome-wide DNA methylation beadchip and pyrosequencing assays in colorectal lesions and paired normal tissues. Then, linear mixed-effects modeling analyses were applied to describe the trend of DNA methylation during the progression of colorectal neoplasia. In the third phase, quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine GALR1 expression in patients with precursor lesion and colorectal cancer. We found that significant hypermethylation of GALR1 promoter was a widely existent modification in CRCs (P < 0.001). When further examined methylation pattern of GALR1 during neoplastic progression of CRC, we found that DNA methylation level of GALR1 showed a significant stepwise increase from normal to hyperplastic polyps, to adenomas and to carcinoma samples (P < 0.001). Besides, loss of mRNA expression is a common accompaniment to adenomas and carcinomas. Public omics data analyses showed an inverse correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation (P < 0.001). Our findings indicate that epigenetic alteration of GALR1 promoter is gradually accumulated during the colorectal neoplastic progression. It can potentially be a promising biomarker used for screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Gu
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Sangni Qian
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University School of Public Health, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Jiashan Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 345 Jiefangdong Road, Jiashan, 314100, China
| | - Xiaojiang Ying
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Xu J, Xu HM, Yang MF, Liang YJ, Peng QZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Wang LS, Yao J, Nie YQ, Li DF. New Insights Into the Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813659. [PMID: 35173618 PMCID: PMC8841592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa. Environmental factors, genetics, intestinal microbiota, and the immune system are all involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. Lately, accumulating evidence has shown that abnormal epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, histone markers, and non-coding RNA expression greatly contribute to the development of the entire disease. Epigenetics regulates many functions, such as maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium and regulating the immune system of the immune cells. In the present study, we systematically summarized the latest advances in epigenetic modification of IBD and how epigenetics reveals new mechanisms of IBD. Our present review provided new insights into the pathophysiology of IBD. Moreover, exploring the patterns of DNA methylation and histone modification through epigenetics can not only be used as biomarkers of IBD but also as a new target for therapeutic intervention in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Quan-zhou Peng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, China
| | - Cheng-mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: De-feng Li, ; Li-sheng Wang, ; Jun Yao, ; Yu-qiang Nie,
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5
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Mateos B, Palanca-Ballester C, Saez-Gonzalez E, Moret I, Lopez A, Sandoval J. Epigenetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unraveling Pathogenic Events. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Epigenetics has emerged as a new and promising field in recent years. Because there exists a need to find new biomarkers and improve diagnosis, prognosis, and drug response for inflammatory bowel diseases, the research on epigenetic biomarkers for molecular diagnostics encourages the translation of this field from the bench to the clinical practice. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge and its potential applicability of this emerging field in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Mateos
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cora Palanca-Ballester
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Esteban Saez-Gonzalez
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Moret
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Lopez
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- §Epigenomics Core Facility, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed, even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable. Field cancerization, which is the replacement of the normal cell population by a cancer-primed cell population that may show no morphological change, is now recognized to underlie the development of many types of cancer, including the common carcinomas of the lung, colon, skin, prostate and bladder. Field cancerization is the consequence of the evolution of somatic cells in the body that results in cells that carry some but not all phenotypes required for malignancy. Here, we review the evidence of field cancerization across organs and examine the biological mechanisms that drive the evolutionary process that results in field creation. We discuss the clinical implications, principally, how measurements of the cancerized field could improve cancer risk prediction in patients with pre-malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Curtius
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Nicholas A Wright
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
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7
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Alonso S, Suzuki K, Yamamoto F, Perucho M. Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Length Polymorphism (MS-AFLP) Microarrays for Epigenetic Analysis of Human Genomes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1766:137-156. [PMID: 29605851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7768-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Somatic, and in a minor scale also germ line, epigenetic aberrations are fundamental to carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and tumor phenotype. DNA methylation is the most extensively studied and arguably the best understood epigenetic mechanisms that become altered in cancer. Both somatic loss of methylation (hypomethylation) and gain of methylation (hypermethylation) are found in the genome of malignant cells. In general, the cancer cell epigenome is globally hypomethylated, while some regions-typically gene-associated CpG islands-become hypermethylated. Given the profound impact that DNA methylation exerts on the transcriptional profile and genomic stability of cancer cells, its characterization is essential to fully understand the complexity of cancer biology, improve tumor classification, and ultimately advance cancer patient management and treatment. A plethora of methods have been devised to analyze and quantify DNA methylation alterations. Several of the early-developed methods relied on the use of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, whose activity depends on the methylation status of their recognition sequences. Among these techniques, methylation-sensitive amplification length polymorphism (MS-AFLP) was developed in the early 2000s, and successfully adapted from its original gel electrophoresis fingerprinting format to a microarray format that notably increased its throughput and allowed the quantification of the methylation changes. This array-based platform interrogates over 9500 independent loci putatively amplified by the MS-AFLP technique, corresponding to the NotI sites mapped throughout the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alonso
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Perucho
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Kigasawa H, Fujiwara M, Ishii J, Chiba T, Terado Y, Shimoyamada H, Mochizuki M, Kitamura O, Kamma H, Ohkura Y. Altered expression of cytokeratin 7 and CD117 in transitional mucosa adjacent to human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:119-126. [PMID: 28693143 PMCID: PMC5494860 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-step progression of colorectal cancer through precancerous lesions (adenoma and dysplasia) is associated with cumulative molecular alterations, a number of which have also been demonstrated to be present in morphologically normal transitional mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer. The cytoskeletal protein cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and the receptor tyrosine kinase, KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (CD117), encoded by the proto-oncogene c-Kit, are lacking in normal colorectal crypt epithelium and are aberrantly expressed in a subset of colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of CK7 and CD117 in morphologically normal transitional mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemical staining for CK7 and CD117 was performed in the mucosa adjacent to five groups of surgically resected colorectal tumors [low-grade adenoma, high-grade adenoma, mucosal adenocarcinoma, small-sized invasive adenocarcinoma (≤2 cm) and large-sized invasive adenocarcinoma (>2 cm)]. CK7 was expressed in the mucosa adjacent to a subset of colorectal tumors, and the positivity ratio increased according to tumor grade from low-grade adenoma up to small-sized invasive adenocarcinoma (61.2%). However, the positivity ratio of CK7 in the mucosa adjacent to the large-sized invasive adenocarcinoma (25.0%) was significantly lower compared with that of the next lower grade. CD117 was also expressed in the mucosa adjacent to a subset of colorectal tumors. In contrast to CK7, the positivity ratio of CD117 increased according to tumor grade from low-grade adenoma all the way through to the large-sized invasive adenocarcinoma (45.0%). Based on these results, the mechanism of CK7 and CD117 expression in the transitional mucosa adjacent to colorectal cancer may be different, and analysis of their individual expression may provide novel insights into the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kigasawa
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masachika Fujiwara
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiba
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yuichi Terado
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimoyamada
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Makoto Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitamura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohkura
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Emmett RA, Davidson KL, Gould NJ, Arasaradnam RP. DNA methylation patterns in ulcerative colitis-associated cancer: a systematic review. Epigenomics 2017. [PMID: 28621161 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence points to the role of DNA methylation in ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated cancer (UCC), the most serious complication of ulcerative colitis. A better understanding of the etiology of UCC may facilitate the development of new therapeutic targets and help to identify biomarkers of the disease risk. METHODS A search was performed in three databases following PRISMA protocol. DNA methylation in UCC was compared with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC), and individual genes differently methylated in UCC identified. RESULTS While there were some similarities in the methylation patterns of UCC compared with SCRC, generally lower levels of hypermethylation in promoter regions of individual genes was evident in UCC. Certain individual genes are, however, highly methylated in colitis-associated cancer: RUNX3, MINT1, MYOD and p16 exon1 and the promoter regions of EYA4 and ESR. CONCLUSION Patterns of DNA methylation differ between UCC and SCRC. Seven genes appear to be promising putative biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Emmett
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Epigenetic Changes in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 106:139-189. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Tschurtschenthaler M, Kachroo P, Heinsen FA, Adolph TE, Rühlemann MC, Klughammer J, Offner FA, Ammerpohl O, Krueger F, Smallwood S, Szymczak S, Kaser A, Franke A. Paternal chronic colitis causes epigenetic inheritance of susceptibility to colitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31640. [PMID: 27538787 PMCID: PMC4990911 DOI: 10.1038/srep31640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) arises by unknown environmental triggers in genetically susceptible individuals. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression may integrate internal and external influences and may thereby modulate disease susceptibility. Epigenetic modification may also affect the germ-line and in certain contexts can be inherited to offspring. This study investigates epigenetic alterations consequent to experimental murine colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), and their paternal transmission to offspring. Genome-wide methylome- and transcriptome-profiling of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and sperm cells of males of the F0 generation, which received either DSS and consequently developed colitis (F0DSS), or non-supplemented tap water (F0Ctrl) and hence remained healthy, and of their F1 offspring was performed using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), respectively. Offspring of F0DSS males exhibited aberrant methylation and expression patterns of multiple genes, including Igf1r and Nr4a2, which are involved in energy metabolism. Importantly, DSS colitis in F0DSS mice was associated with decreased body weight at baseline of their F1 offspring, and these F1 mice exhibited increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis compared to offspring from F0Ctrl males. This study hence demonstrates epigenetic transmissibility of metabolic and inflammatory traits resulting from experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology &Hepatology), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Femke-Anouska Heinsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Timon Erik Adolph
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johanna Klughammer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Albert Offner
- Department of Pathology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Smallwood
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Szymczak
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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12
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A Biomarker Panel to Detect Synchronous Neoplasm in Non-neoplastic Surveillance Biopsies from Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:1568-74. [PMID: 27135485 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at risk for colorectal neoplasia. Challenges associated with surveillance colonoscopy with random biopsies for detection of dysplasia/cancer are well-documented. This study extended our findings in UC-associated colorectal cancer to include low-grade dysplasia (LGD) patients, testing whether our biomarker panel detects any UC-associated neoplasm. METHODS DNA from the LGD area and the corresponding nonadjacent, non-dysplastic section from 171 UC-LGD patients was extracted. TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL23R were used to evaluate polymorphisms for each gene. Bisulfite-treated DNA was used for methylation testing of RUNX3, COX2, and MINT1. LGD data were combined with UC-cancer patient data for statistical testing. Logistic regression analyses determined associations between genetic/epigenetic/clinical variables and UC-associated neoplasia. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to determine the final synchronous neoplasm detection panel. RESULTS Comparison of nonadjacent, non-dysplastic DNA from UC-neoplasm patients versus UC-controls indicated that TNF-α, IL-1β, and methylation of RUNX3, MINT1, and COX2 were significantly different (P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, all remained significant with an area under the curve of 0.85, exceeding the clinical variable panel area under the curve. Combining clinical and experimental variables yielded a neoplasm biomarker panel with an area under the curve of 0.95 (sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 91%, respectively). Analysis of DNA from LGD with known progression compared with LGD without progression indicated a significant difference in RUNX3 methylation. CONCLUSIONS A combined clinical, genetic, and epigenetic model for detecting synchronous neoplasm by testing of non-neoplastic colonic tissue had favorable operating characteristics and could complement current patient care.
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Gould NJ, Davidson KL, Nwokolo CU, Arasaradnam RP. A systematic review of the role of DNA methylation on inflammatory genes in ulcerative colitis. Epigenomics 2016; 8:667-84. [PMID: 27096966 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic disease of the large intestine with evidence pointing to the role of epigenetic changes. METHODS Searches were performed in three databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science), following PRISMA protocol. DNA methylation was the only epigenetic mechanism affecting genes linked to inflammatory response in UC. RESULTS A total of 25 differentially methylated inflammatory genes were identified. Hypermethylation of miR-1247 significantly correlates (p = 0.0006) with refractory UC while PAR2 hypermethylation correlates (p = 0.007) with corticosteroid dependence. CONCLUSION Evidence points to a step-wise increase in methylation status of the genome between a healthy colon, quiescent UC and when inflamed. Inflammatory genes (which are aberrantly methylated), have also been implicated in cancer development in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chuka U Nwokolo
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ramesh P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, CV2 2DX, UK.,Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, CV2 2DX, UK
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14
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Kato T, Alonso S, Muto Y, Perucho M, Rikiyama T. Tumor size is an independent risk predictor for metachronous colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:17896-904. [PMID: 26910116 PMCID: PMC4951258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are at higher risk of developing independent metachronous CRC than cancer-naïve individuals, but the reason is unknown. We studied metachronous CRC risk factors among one thousand five Japanese CRC patients who underwent surgery for CRC. Relative hazard risk of clinical and pathological features was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis. Observed metachronous CRC incidence was also compared with the expected cancer incidence of the general population in Japan. Twenty-seven metachronous CRCs developed in 24 patients (2.4%) during a follow-up period of 3,676 person-years. Multivariate analysis revealed two factors associated with a high metachronous CRC risk: synchronous CRC (HR = 6.13; p = 1.3x10(-4)) and tumor size ≥ 6.5 cm (HR = 4.34; p = 1x10(-3)). Patients with either synchronous or large solitary tumors exhibited a higher risk for metachronous CRC than patients with solitary small tumors (HR = 7.3; p = 4.3x10(-6)) and that the general Japanese population (SIR = 7.01; p = 3.5x10(-9)), while patients with solitary small tumors did not (SIR = 1.07; p = 0.8). If patients younger than 60 years were excluded, the observations remained unchanged, with tumor size becoming stronger predictor (HR = 5.67; p = 1.7x10(-4)) than the presence of synchronous CRC (HR = 5.34; p = 9.6x10(-4)). Our novel finding that primary tumor size is a strong independent risk factor for metachronous CRC increases the sensitivity of prediction more than twice the presence of synchronous CRC. Our data provides new insights to assess the risk for metachronous lesions that should improve the surveillance regimen for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Kato
- 1 Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
- 2 Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Institut d'investigació en ciéncies de la salut Germans Trias I Pujol, (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- 2 Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Institut d'investigació en ciéncies de la salut Germans Trias I Pujol, (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuta Muto
- 1 Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manuel Perucho
- 2 Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Institut d'investigació en ciéncies de la salut Germans Trias I Pujol, (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- 3 Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- 4 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- 1 Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
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Cofer ZC, Cui S, EauClaire SF, Kim C, Tobias JW, Hakonarson H, Loomes KM, Matthews RP. Methylation Microarray Studies Highlight PDGFA Expression as a Factor in Biliary Atresia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151521. [PMID: 27010479 PMCID: PMC4806872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibro-inflammatory disorder that is the leading indication for liver transplantation in children. Although there is evidence implicating genetic, infectious, environmental, and inflammatory causes, the etiology of BA remains unknown. We have recently reported that cholangiocytes from BA patients showed decreased DNA methylation relative to disease- and non-disease controls, supporting a potential role for DNA hypomethylation in BA etiopathogenesis. In the current study, we examined the methylation status of specific genes in human BA livers using methylation microarray technology. We found global DNA hypomethylation in BA samples as compared to disease- and non-disease controls at specific genetic loci. Hedgehog pathway members, SHH and GLI2, known to be upregulated in BA, were both hypomethylated, validating this approach as an investigative tool. Another region near the PDGFA locus was the most significantly hypomethylated in BA, suggesting potential aberrant expression. Validation assays confirmed increased transcriptional and protein expression of PDGFA in BA livers. We also show that PDGF-A protein is specifically localized to cholangiocytes in human liver samples. Injection of PDGF-AA protein dimer into zebrafish larvae caused biliary developmental and functional defects. In addition, activation of the Hedgehog pathway caused increased expression of PDGF-A in zebrafish larvae, providing a previously unrecognized link between PDGF and the Hedgehog pathway. Our findings implicate DNA hypomethylation as a specific factor in mediating overexpression of genes associated with BA and identify PDGF as a new candidate in BA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenobia C. Cofer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuang Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven F. EauClaire
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John W. Tobias
- Penn Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Loomes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Randolph P. Matthews
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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16
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DNA methylation alterations of AXIN2 in serrated adenomas and colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:466. [PMID: 24964857 PMCID: PMC4099028 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent work led to recognize sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) as precursor to many of the sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). However, comprehensive analyses of DNA methylation in SSA and MSI cancer have not been conducted. Methods With an array-based methylation sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism (MS-AFLP) method we analyzed 8 tubular (TA) and 19 serrated (SSA) adenomas, and 14 carcinomas with (MSI) and 12 without (MSS) microsatellite instability. MS-AFLP array can survey relative differences in methylation between normal and tumor tissues of 9,654 DNA fragments containing all NotI sequences in the human genome. Results Unsupervised clustering analysis of the genome-wide hypermethylation alterations revealed no major differences between or within these groups of benign and malignant tumors regardless of their location in intergenic, intragenic, promoter, or 3′ end regions. Hypomethylation was less frequent in SSAs compared with MSI or MSS carcinomas. Analysis of variance of DNA methylation between these four subgroups identified 56 probes differentially altered. The hierarchical tree of this subset of probes revealed two distinct clusters: Group 1, mostly composed by TAs and MSS cancers with KRAS mutations; and Group 2 with BRAF mutations, which consisted of cancers with MSI and MLH1 methylation (Group 2A), and SSAs without MLH1 methylation (Group 2B). AXIN2, which cooperates with APC and β-catenin in Wnt signaling, had more methylation alterations in Group 2, and its expression levels negatively correlated with methylation determined by bisulfite sequencing. Within group 2B, low and high AXIN2 expression levels correlated significantly with differences in size (P = 0.01) location (P = 0.05) and crypt architecture (P = 0.01). Conclusions Somatic methylation alterations of AXIN2, associated with changes in its expression, stratify SSAs according to some clinico-pathological differences. We conclude that hypermethylation of MLH1, when occurs in an adenoma cell with BRAF oncogenic mutational activation, drives the pathway for MSI cancer by providing the cells with a mutator phenotype. AXIN2 inactivation may contribute to this tumorigenic pathway either by mutator phenotype driven frameshift mutations or by epigenetic deregulation contemporary with the unfolding of the mutator phenotype.
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Karatzas PS, Gazouli M, Safioleas M, Mantzaris GJ. DNA methylation changes in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2014; 27:125-132. [PMID: 24733658 PMCID: PMC3982627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of inflammatory bowel disease, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, remains a mystery but evidence is accumulating that complex interactions between the genetic background and the gut microbiota of the host and environmental factors associated with rapid industrialization and westernized life styles may underlie its pathogenesis. Recent epigenetic studies have suggested that interactions between environment and host DNA may play a leading role in the phenotypical expression of both diseases, explaining amongst others the differences in disease expression in monozygotic twins. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification and during the last decade its correlation to IBD pathogenesis has been well established. Genes from different molecular pathways have been studied but till now there is no standardized database of methylated genes in IBD. Thus, a thorough and in depth study of DNA methylation, its potential relation to IBD and its interaction with the available pharmaceutical armamentarium is of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis S. Karatzas
- 1st Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos General Hospital (Pantelis S. Karatzas, Gerasimos J. Mantzaris)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens (Maria Gazouli),
Correspondence to: Maria Gazouli, Assist. Professor, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Michalakopoulou 176, 11527, Athens, Greece, Tel. - Fax: +30 210 7462231, e-mail:
| | - Michael Safioleas
- 4th Department of General Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens (Michael Safioleas), Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos J. Mantzaris
- 1st Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos General Hospital (Pantelis S. Karatzas, Gerasimos J. Mantzaris)
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18
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Rogler G. Chronic ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:235-41. [PMID: 23941831 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important consequences of chronically active ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) - the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - is the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). An increased risk for the occurrence of CRC in up to 30% of affected patients after 35years of UC has been reported. Recent evidence from population based studies indicates a lower risk. Nevertheless the incidence is still significantly increased as compared to individuals without chronic colitis. Colitis-associated CRC (CAC) does not display the adenoma-carcinoma sequence which is typical for sporadic CRC and the pathophysiology appears to be different. Chronic inflammation and the increased turnover of epithelial cells contribute to the development of low- and high-grade dysplasia which may further transform into CAC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the inflammatory infiltrate are thought to contribute to the generation of dysplastic lesions. In sporadic CRC the sequence of mutations that finally lead to malignancy involves early activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway (in 90% of cases) including mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene, its regulating kinase GSK3β and β-catenin itself. β-catenin mutations are rarer in CAC and mutations in APC occur rather late during the disease progression, whereas there are earlier mutations in p53 and K-ras. Recent data indicate that the intestinal microbiome and its interaction with a functionally impaired mucosal barrier may also play a role in CAC development. CACs frequently show aggressive growth and early metastases. The treatment of CAC in patients with colitis always includes proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis as meta- or synchronic lesions are frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Visceral Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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