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Mare M, Colarossi L, Veschi V, Turdo A, Giuffrida D, Memeo L, Stassi G, Colarossi C. Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers Predictive of Radiotherapy Response in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101502. [PMID: 34680897 PMCID: PMC8535834 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and particularly challenging tumours to treat due to its location in the pelvis and close proximity to critical genitourinary organs. Radiotherapy (RT) is recognised as a key component of therapeutic strategy to treat RC, promoting the downsizing and downstaging of large RCs in neoadjuvant settings, although its therapeutic effect is limited due to radioresistance. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that the likelihood of achieving local tumour control by RT depends on the complete eradication of cancer stem cells (CSC), a minority subset of tumour cells with stemness properties. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted by querying two scientific databases (Pubmed and Scopus). The search was restricted to papers published from 2009 to 2021. RESULTS After assessing the quality and the risk of bias, a total of 11 studies were selected as they mainly focused on biomarkers predictive of RT-response in CSCs isolated from patients affected by RC. Specifically these studies showed that elevated levels of CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Lgr5 and G9a are associated with RT-resistance and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS This review aimed to provide an overview of the current scenario of in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the biomarkers predictive of RT-response in CSCs derived from RC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Mare
- Medical Oncology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (M.M.); (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (L.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Medical Oncology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (M.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (L.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2389-0813
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (L.C.); (L.M.); (C.C.)
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Xu Z, Zheng J, Chen Z, Guo J, Li X, Wang X, Qu C, Yuan L, Cheng C, Sun X, Yu J. Multilevel regulation of Wnt signaling by Zic2 in colon cancer due to mutation of β-catenin. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:584. [PMID: 34099631 PMCID: PMC8184991 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-finger of the cerebellum 2 (Zic2) is widely implicated in cancers, but the role of Zic2 in tumorigenesis is bilateral. A recent study indicated that Zic2 could render colon cancer cells more resistant to low glucose-induced apoptosis. However, the functional roles of Zic2 in colon cancer and the underlying molecular mechanism remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrated that Zic2 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues and correlated with poor survival. Knockdown of Zic2 inhibited colon cancer cell growth, arrested the cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to S phase, and suppressed tumor sphere formation in vitro; in addition, silencing Zic2 retarded xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Consistently, ectopic expression of Zic2 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, Zic2 executed its oncogenic role in colon cancer by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Zic2 directly binds to the promoter of Axin2 and transcriptionally represses Axin2 expression and subsequently promotes the accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Meanwhile, Zic2 could activate Wnt signaling by interacting with β-catenin. Intriguingly, in HCT116 cells with intrinsic Ser45 mutation of β-catenin, which blocks the degradation-related phosphorylation of β-catenin by CK1, modified Zic2 expression did not affect the protein level of β-catenin. Altogether, our findings uncover a novel multilevel mechanism for the oncogenic activity of Zic2 in colon cancer and suggest Zic2 as a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Zilu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Liyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Klose J, Schmitt A, Pernthaler J, Warschkow R, Büchler MW, Schneider M, Lasitschka F, Tarantino I. Still proliferating CD44 +/Ki67 + tumor cells after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy identify rectal cancer patients with poor survival. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2078-2086. [PMID: 33814238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.03.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Distant recurrence, especially liver metastases, occurs in one-third of rectal cancer patients initially treated with curative therapy and is still an unsolved problem. The identification of patients at risk is crucial for enabling individualized treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients undergoing curative resection for histologically confirmed rectal cancer after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy between January 2001 and December 2015 were included. Sections were stained for Ki67, CD44, apoptosis and CD133. Patients were categorized based on whether they were found to have (CD44+/Ki67+) or not have (CD44+/Ki67+) still proliferating tumor cells. RESULTS 218 patients who underwent R0 resection for stage I-III rectal cancer were selected. In 37 (17%) of these patients, CD44+/Ki67+ tumor cells were found. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, patients with CD44+/Ki67+ cells had significantly impaired overall (hazard ratio (HR): 3.84, 95% CI: 1.77-8.31, p = 0.001) and relative survival (HR 3.44, 95% CI: 1.46-8.09). The previous results were confirmed after propensity-score matching. In mediation-analysis, the presence of CD44+/Ki67+ cells was associated with a substantial direct effect on overall (HR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.09-9.28) and relative survival (HR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.31-6.38). CONCLUSIONS The presence of still proliferating CD44+/Ki67+ tumor cells after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy was associated with impaired oncological long-term outcomes. Characterization of these cells should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Klose
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medical Center Halle, Halle, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Annelene Schmitt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Pernthaler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - René Warschkow
- Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute for Pathology, Industriestr. 11c, 67063, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ignazio Tarantino
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Briede I, Strumfa I, Vanags A, Gardovskis J. The Association Between Inflammation, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Colorectal Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:15-34. [PMID: 32021376 PMCID: PMC6955597 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s224441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an important albeit dual role in carcinogenesis. Survival studies have highlighted the prognostic significance of peritumorous inflammation. Currently, the theoretical background allows inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the closely associated stem cell differentiation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to be linked. However, there is scarce direct morphological evidence. Purpose and methods The aim of our study was to investigate the role of inflammation in cancer growth and invasion by analyzing the association between inflammation and known morphological prognostic features of colorectal cancer, EMT, stemness and mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression. The study was designed as a retrospective morphological and immunohistochemical assessment of 553 consecutive cases of surgically treated primary CRC. Results There were statistically significant associations between high-grade inflammation and lower pT (p = 0.002), absence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) and less frequent lymphatic (p = 0.003), venous (p = 0.017), arterial (p = 0.012), perineural (p = 0.001) and intraneural (p = 0.01) invasion. In contrast, Crohn's like reaction (CLR) by density of lymphoid follicles in the invasive front lacked significant differences in regard to pT, pN, tumor invasion into surrounding structures (blood or lymphatic vessels, nerves), grade or necrosis (all p > 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin, CD44 and MMR proteins yielded no statistically significant associations with peritumorous inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen score or the density of lymphoid follicles. Nevertheless, E-cadherin levels were significantly associated with the density of eosinophils (p = 0.007). Conclusion High-grade peritumorous inflammation is associated with beneficial morphologic CRC features, including less frequent manifestations of invasion, and is not secondary to tissue damage and necrosis. CLR is not associated with cancer spread by pTN; this finding indirectly suggests an independent role of CLR in carcinogenesis. Further, inflammation by Klintrup-Mäkinen grade and CLR is not dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell differentiation. Our study highlights the complex associations between inflammation, tumor morphology, EMT, stemness and MMR protein expression in human CRC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inese Briede
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Vanags
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Gong P, Wang H, Zhang J, Fu Y, Zhu Z, Wang J, Yin Y, Wang H, Zhou Z, Yang J, Liu L, Gou M, Zeng M, Yuan J, Wang F, Pan X, Xiang R, Weissman SM, Qi F, Liu L. Telomere Maintenance-Associated PML Is a Potential Specific Therapeutic Target of Human Colorectal Cancer. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1164-1176. [PMID: 31207547 PMCID: PMC6580093 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length maintenance is essential for cell proliferation, which is particularly prominent in cancer. We validate that the primary colorectal tumors exhibit heterogeneous telomere lengths but mostly (90%) short telomeres relative to normal tissues. Intriguingly, relatively short telomeres are associated with tumor malignancy as indicated by poorly differentiated state, and these tumors contain more cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) identified by several commonly used markers CD44, EPHB2 or LGR5. Moreover, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and ALT-associated PML nuclear bodies (APBs) are frequently found in tumors with short telomeres and high proliferation. In contrast, distant normal tissues rarely or only minimally express PML. Inhibition of PML and APBs by an ATR inhibitor decreases proliferation of CSLCs and organoids, suggesting a potential therapeutic target to progressive colorectal tumors. Together, telomere maintenance underling tumor progression is connected with CSLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yudong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinmiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mo Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinghua Yuan
- Department of Genetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
| | - Sherman M Weissman
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Wang Z, Tang Y, Xie L, Huang A, Xue C, Gu Z, Wang K, Zong S. The Prognostic and Clinical Value of CD44 in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:309. [PMID: 31114754 PMCID: PMC6503057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD44 is widely used as a putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic role of CD44 in CRC remains controversial. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of various CD44 isoforms and overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features of CRC patients. Results: A total of 48 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Total CD44 isoforms overexpression was significantly correlated with worse OS of patients with CRC (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08-1.61, P = 0.007). In a stratified analysis, a higher level of either CD44v6 or CD44v2 had an unfavorable impact on OS (HRCD44v6 = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.10-2.14, P = 0.010; HRCD44v2 = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.49-5.77, P = 0.002). Additionally, CD44 was shown to be associated with some clinicopathological features, such as lymph node metastasis (ORCD44 = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01-2.41, P = 0.044; ORCD44v6 = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26, P = 0.008; ORTotal CD44 isoforms = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.15-2.14, P = 0.004), distant metastasis (ORCD44 = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.08-7.83, P = 0.035; ORTotal CD44 isoforms = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02-3.53, P = 0.044). Moreover, a high level of CD44 showed a possible correlation with poor differentiation (ORTotal CD44 isoforms = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.00-2.08, P = 0.051), elevated level of CD44v6 tend to be correlated with tumor size (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.99-2.96, P = 0.056). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that CD44 overexpression might be an unfavorable prognostic factor for CRC patients and could be used to predict poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Wang
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Tang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Huang
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Xue
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Pain Management, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqi Zong
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Harada Y, Kazama S, Morikawa T, Emoto S, Murono K, Kaneko M, Sasaki K, Otani K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Hata K, Nozawa H, Ishihara S, Watanabe T. Prognostic impact of doublecortin-like kinase 1 expression in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. APMIS 2018; 126:486-493. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Harada
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kazama
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery; Saitama Cancer Center; Saitama Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Kaneko
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Surgery Department; Sanno Hospital; International University of Health and Welfare; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Nagata H, Ishihara S, Kishikawa J, Sonoda H, Murono K, Emoto S, Kaneko M, Sasaki K, Otani K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Hata K, Kawai K, Nozawa H. CD133 expression predicts post-operative recurrence in patients with colon cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:721-732. [PMID: 29328371 PMCID: PMC5807045 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer, the impact of stem cell markers on patient survival remains unclear, particularly in those with distant metastasis. In this study, we focused on colon cancer with peritoneal metastasis and investigated the association between the expression of CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) and leucine-rich repeating G-protein coupled receptor-5 (Lgr5), and disease prognosis. Putative stem cell marker expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in samples from 142 primary tumours and 75 peritoneal nodules. The associations between the expression of these markers and clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival and disease-free survival were analysed. The expression of CD133, ALDH1 and Lgr5 was found to be positive in 55.6, 47.2 and 78.9% of the primary tumour samples, respectively. While their expression was not associated with overall survival, disease-free survival was significantly worse in the CD133‑negative group (36.1 vs. 13.7%, P=0.041). Multivariable analysis confirmed that a negative CD133 expression was an independent risk factor for a reduced disease-free survival (P=0.005). Furthermore, the benefit of systemic chemotherapy was significantly greater in the CD133-negative group (P=0.039). On the whole, our data indicated that patients with colon cancer with CD133-negative expression had a reduced disease-free survival. Thus, we propose that CD133 expression may be a useful clinical biomarker in the treatment of colon cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Sanno Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Junko Kishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohto Bunkyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sonoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Manabu Kaneko
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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10
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Harada Y, Kazama S, Morikawa T, Murono K, Yasuda K, Otani K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Hata K, Nozawa H, Yamaguchi H, Ishihara S, Watanabe T. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 and CD133 expression is associated with tumor progression and resistance to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in low rectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7791-7798. [PMID: 29250176 PMCID: PMC5727605 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy has been performed as a standard therapy for advanced low rectal cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to contribute to resistance to treatment and patient prognosis. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and cluster of differentiation (CD133) are putative markers for CSCs. However, their prognostic ability remains unknown, and evaluation of a single marker can be insufficient due to the heterogeneity of cancer. LGR5 and CD133 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in surgical specimens of 56 patients who received curative resection following chemoradiotherapy for advanced low rectal cancer. In addition, the correlations between their expression levels, and clinicopathological features and patient prognosis were asessed. LGR5 expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor node metastasic (TNM) stage. CD133 expression was significantly correlated with vascular invasion and the tumor regression grade. Combined expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, tumor regression grade and TNM stage, but not with overall, and disease-free survival. LGR5 and CD133 expressions may represent useful markers associated with tumor progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in patients with low rectal cancer. Furthermore, combined expression of these markers may be a more useful marker compared with the expression of each single marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Harada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kazama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koji Yasuda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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11
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CD44 Standard Isoform; Not a Good Marker for Colon Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.9166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Singh VP, Katta S, Kumar S. WD-repeat protein WDR13 is a novel transcriptional regulator of c-Jun and modulates intestinal homeostasis in mice. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:148. [PMID: 28222755 PMCID: PMC5320654 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background WDR13 is a member of the WD repeat protein family and is expressed in several tissues of human and mice. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the lack of this gene in mice resulted in mild obesity, hyperinsulinemia, enhanced beta cell proliferation and protection from inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action is not well understood. Methods In the present study, we used AOM/DSS to induce colitis-mediated colorectal tumor after establishing expression of Wdr13 gene in colon. Further, we have used human colon cancer cell lines, HT29 and COLO205, and mouse primary embryonic fibroblast to understand the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action. Results We observed that mice lacking Wdr13 gene have reduced number of tumors and are more susceptible to DSS-induced colon ulcers. We also show that WDR13 is a part of multi protein complex c-Jun/NCoR1/HDAC3 and it acts as a transcriptional activator of AP1 target genes in the presence of JNK signal. Consistent with in vitro data, we observed reduced expression of AP1 target genes in colon after AOM/DSS treatment in Wdr13 knockout mice as compared to that in wild type. Conclusion Mice lacking Wdr13 gene showed reduced expression of AP1 target genes and protection from colitis-induced colorectal tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3118-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pratap Singh
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Saritha Katta
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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13
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Morita R, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Ito-Inoda S, Takahashi A, Mariya T, Asanuma H, Tamura Y, Tsukahara T, Kanaseki T, Kubo T, Kutomi G, Mizuguchi T, Terui T, Ishitani K, Hashino S, Kondo T, Minagawa N, Takahashi N, Taketomi A, Todo S, Asaka M, Sato N. Olfactory Receptor Family 7 Subfamily C Member 1 Is a Novel Marker of Colon Cancer-Initiating Cells and Is a Potent Target of Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3298-309. [PMID: 26861454 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are thought to be essential for tumor maintenance, recurrence, and distant metastasis, and they are therefore reasonable targets for cancer therapy. Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to target cancer. In this study, we aimed to establish novel CIC-targeting immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Colorectal cancer (CRC) CICs were isolated as side population (SP) cells. The gene expression profile of CRC CICs was analyzed by cDNA microarray and RT-PCR. Protein expression of olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily C member 1 (OR7C1) were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The functions of OR7C1 were analyzed by gene overexpression and gene knockdown using siRNAs. OR7C1-positive cells were isolated by a flow cytometer and analyzed. CTLs specific for OR7C1 peptide were generated, and the antitumor effect was addressed by mice adoptive transfer model. RESULTS OR7C1 has essential roles in the maintenance of colon CICs, and the OR7C1-positive population showed higher tumorigenicity than that of the OR7C1-negative population, indicating that OR7C1 is a novel functional marker for colon CIC. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that OR7C1 high expression was correlated with poorer prognosis in CRC patients. OR7C1-derived antigenic peptide-specific CTLs showed specific cytotoxicity for CICs, and an OR7C1-specific CTL clone showed a greater antitumor effect than did a CTL clone targeting all cancer cells in a CTL adoptive transfer mouse model. CONCLUSIONS OR7C1 is a novel marker for colon CICs and can be a target of potent CIC-targeting immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3298-309. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Morita
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Satoko Ito-Inoda
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akari Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Mariya
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Asanuma
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tamura
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuguchi
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terui
- Higashi-Sapporo Hospital, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Hashino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Minagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Todo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Asaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Jiang Y, Li W, He X, Zhang H, Jiang F, Chen Z. Lgr5 expression is a valuable prognostic factor for colorectal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:12. [PMID: 26758198 PMCID: PMC4709987 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lgr5 has recently been identified as a reliable biomarker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its prognostic value is still controversial. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Wanfang databases with identical strategies to retrieve articles. We evaluated the impact of Lgr5 expression on survival of CRC patients through meta-analysis. Results A total of 12 studies comprising 2600 patients revealed that Lgr5 overexpression was negatively associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.28–2.33; P = 0.00) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.89, 95 % CI: 1.89–4.44; P = 0.000) in CRC patients. Subgroup analysis suggested that Lgr5 overexpression was significantly associated with worse OS in subgroups with IHC as the method of Lgr5 assessment (HR = 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.39–2.89; P = 0.001), patients from Asia (HR = 1.81, 95 % CI: 1.27–2.58; P = 0.000), and NOS scores greater than 6 (HR = 2.12, 95 % CI: 1.41–3.19; P = 0.000). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that the estimated HR ranged from 1.6 to 1.86 upon excluding one study sequentially from each analysis. In addition, Lgr5 overexpression was significantly associated with deep invasion of CRC (OR = 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.17–0.87; P = 0.002), lymphnode metastasis (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.76; P = 0.003), distant metastasis (OR = 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.22–0.62; P = 0.000), and AJCC stage (OR = 0.35, 95 % CI: 0.15–0.78; P = 0.01). However, Lgr5 overexpression was not correlated with tumor grade (OR = 0.75 95 % CI: 0.37–1.54; P = 0.433). Conclusions This study shows that Lgr5 can be a valuable and reliable prognostic factor of colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Jiang
- Department of UItrasonic diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wenlu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of pharmacy, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xin He
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third people's hospital, Huzhou, China.
| | - Fangzhen Jiang
- Department of Plastic surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Jiang Y, Li W, He X, Zhang H, Jiang F, Chen Z. Lgr5 expression is a valuable prognostic factor for colorectal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:948. [PMID: 26674601 PMCID: PMC4682230 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lgr5 has recently been identified as a reliable biomarker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its prognostic value is still controversial. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Wanfang databases with identical strategies to retrieve articles. We evaluated the impact of Lgr5 expression on survival of CRC patients through meta-analysis. Results A total of 12 studies comprising 2600 patients revealed that Lgr5 overexpression was negatively associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.28–2.33; P = 0.00) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.89, 95 % CI: 1.89–4.44; P = 0.000) in CRC patients. Subgroup analysis suggested that Lgr5 overexpression was significantly associated with worse OS in subgroups with IHC as the method of Lgr5 assessment (HR = 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.39–2.89; P = 0.001), patients from Asia (HR = 1.81, 95 % CI: 1.27–2.58; P = 0.000), and NOS scores greater than 6 (HR = 2.12, 95 % CI: 1.41–3.19; P = 0.000). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that the estimated HR ranged from 1.6 to 1.86 upon excluding one study sequentially from each analysis. In addition, Lgr5 overexpression was significantly associated with deep invasion of CRC (OR = 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.17–0.87; P = 0.002), lymphnode metastasis (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.76; P = 0.003), distant metastasis (OR = 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.22–0.62; P = 0.000), and AJCC stage (OR = 0.35, 95 % CI: 0.15–0.78; P = 0.01). However, Lgr5 overexpression was not correlated with tumor grade (OR = 0.75 95 % CI: 0.37–1.54; P = 0.433). Conclusions This study shows that Lgr5 can be a valuable and reliable prognostic factor of colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Jiang
- Department of UItrasonic diagnosis, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wenlu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of pharmacy, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xin He
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third people's hospital, Huzhou, China.
| | - Fangzhen Jiang
- Department of Plastic surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Cancer stem cells in human digestive tract malignancies. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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17
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Han Y, Xue X, Jiang M, Guo X, Li P, Liu F, Yuan B, Shen Y, Guo X, Zhi Q, Zhao H. LGR5, a relevant marker of cancer stem cells, indicates a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:267-73. [PMID: 25193236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) has been identified as a putative intestinal stem cell marker. However, the clinical prognosis of Lgr5 is still controversial in colorectal cancer (CRC). To systematically summarize the clinical prognostic function of Lgr5 in colorectal cancer, we performed this meta-analysis. METHODS Published articles which assessed the clinical or prognostic role of Lgr5 was searched in Pubmed, Embase and Springer and collected until the publication month of February 2014. The association of Lgr5 expression with clinical outcomes was investigated by a meta- analysis. RESULTS A total of 8 studies have been up to the inclusion standard, comprised 2139 patients. Lgr5 showed no relationship with the gender of patients (OR=0.919, 95% CI=0.730-1.157, P=0.473) and the depth of invasion (OR=2.616, CI 95%=0.947-7.221, P=0.063). Lgr5 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR=2.248, 95%CI=1.205-4.192, P=0.011), tumor distance metastasis (OR=3.872, 95%CI=2.792-5.370, P<0.001) and classification of TNM (pooled OR=3.264, 95% CI=1.731-6.155, P<0.001). Overall, overexpression of Lgr5 was statistically related to the reduced overall survival (HR=6.130, 95% CI=2.845-13.210, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lgr5 participates in the progression of CRC as a putative factor. Overexpression of Lgr5 was distinctly correlated with poor patient survival. These findings suggested that Lgr5 might serve as an efficient biomarker for prognostic indicator, and could be a new molecular target in colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Pu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yichen Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xingpo Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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18
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Chen Q, Zhang X, Li WM, Ji YQ, Cao HZ, Zheng P. Prognostic value of LGR5 in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107013. [PMID: 25192390 PMCID: PMC4156381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has recently been reported to be a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the prognostic value of LGR5 in CRC has been evaluated in several studies. However, the conclusions remain controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the expression of LGR5 and the outcome of CRC patients by performing a meta-analysis. Methods We systematically searched for relevant studies published up to February 2014 using the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Wangfang databases. Only articles in which LGR5 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry were included. A meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0, and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association between LGR5 expression and the prognosis of CRC patients. Results A total of 7 studies comprising 1833 CRC patients met the inclusion criteria, including 6 studies comprising 1781 patients for overall survival (OS) and 3 studies comprising 528 patients for disease-free survival (DFS). Our results showed that high LGR5 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in terms of OS (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.23–2.84; P = 0.003) and DFS (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.49–3.98; P<0.001). Further subgroup analysis revealed that many factors, including the study region, number of patients, follow-up duration and cutoff value, affected the significance of the association between LGR5 expression and a worse prognosis in patients with CRC. In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias, as suggested by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Conclusions The present meta-analysis indicated that high LGR5 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC and that LGR5 is an efficient prognostic factor in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ji
- Institute of Cardiovascular research, the First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Zhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengsheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Prognostic significance of CD44 variant 2 upregulation in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:365-74. [PMID: 24921913 PMCID: PMC4102936 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD133 and CD44 are putative cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their clinical significance is currently unclear. Here, we evaluated primary CRC cell isolates to determine the significance of several CSC markers, including CD133 and CD44, as predictors of tumourigenesis and prognosis. Methods: CD133- and CD44-positive cells from fresh clinical samples of 77 CRCs were selected by flow cytometric sorting and evaluated for tumourigenicity following subcutaneous transplantation into NOD/SCID mice. Cancer stem cell marker expression was examined in both xenografts and a complementary DNA library compiled from 167 CRC patient samples. Results: CD44+, CD133+ and CD133+CD44+ sub-populations were significantly more tumourigenic than the total cell population. The clinical samples expressed several transcript variants of CD44. Variant 2 was specifically overexpressed in both primary tumours and xenografts in comparison with the normal mucosa. A prognostic assay using qRT–PCR showed that the CD44v2high group (n=84, 5-year survival rate (5-OS): 0.74) had a significantly worse prognosis (P=0.041) than the CD44v2low group (n=83, 5-OS: 0.88). Conclusions: CD44 is an important CSC marker in CRC patients. Furthermore, CRC patients with high expression of CD44v2 have a poorer prognosis than patients with other CD44 variants.
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Xi HQ, Cui JX, Shen WS, Wu XS, Bian SB, Li JY, Song Z, Wei B, Chen L. Increased expression of Lgr5 is associated with chemotherapy resistance in human gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:181-8. [PMID: 24859092 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a marker of adult stem cells and cancer stem cells, plays important roles in tumor progression. Furthermore, Lgr5 also contributes to chemoradiotherapy resistance. However, the function of Lgr5 in the prediction of preoperative chemotherapy efficacy has not been reported. We evaluated the potential of Lgr5 in predicting tumor response and overall survival in advanced gastric cancer treated with preoperative chemotherapy. The association between Lgr5 and chemotherapy resistance was also investigated in gastric cancer cell lines. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis of Lgr5 expression were performed in 68 cases of gastric cancer treated with preoperative chemotherapy. Lgr5 expression was specifically silenced in the AGS gastric cancer cell lines by RNA interference. Levels of Lgr5 mRNA and protein in cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blotting. Cell viability was evaluated by an MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide dual staining analysis. We found that Lgr5 expression was significantly associated with tumor regression grade after preoperative chemotherapy. The rate of positive Lgr5 expression was significantly higher in patients with poor tumor regression compared with those exhibiting tumor regression (P=0.001). Lgr5-positive patients had a significantly shorter survival time than Lgr5-negative patients (P=0.001). Inhibition of Lgr5 expression with small interfering RNA increased the sensitivity of AGS gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that Lgr5 expression may be implicated in the chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells and is a potential novel biomarker for predicting response to chemotherapy and prognosis in gastric cancer patients, and may also represent a potential new therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Song Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Song Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bo Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Song
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Stem Cell Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-013-0194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen XY, Zhao K. Progress in understanding the relationship between Lgr5 and colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:673-678. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i8.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, contains 17 leucine-rich repeats and N- and C-terminal cysteine-rich flanking domains. Lgr5 is a marker for stem cells in the stomach, small intestine, colon, and hair follicles. Recently, Lgr5 has been identified as a target of Wnt signaling. As a potential marker for colorectal cancer stem cells, Lgr5 might be responsible for the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. In this article we review recent progress in understanding the relationship between Lgr5 and colorectal cancer.
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