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Zhan Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang Z. Reply to the Letter to the Editor referring to "Dual-energy CT for the detection of skull base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparison of simulated single-energy CT and MRI". Insights Imaging 2023; 14:219. [PMID: 38105345 PMCID: PMC10725858 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhan
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zuohua Tang
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Zohud O, Lone IM, Nashef A, Iraqi FA. Towards system genetics analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the mouse model, cellular platform, and clinical human data. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:537-558. [PMID: 38129938 PMCID: PMC10757216 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is a leading global malignancy. Every year, More than 830 000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally, with more than 430 000 fatalities. HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with many tumor locations and biological characteristics. It originates from the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The most frequently impacted regions are the tongue and larynx. Previous investigations have demonstrated the critical role of host genetic susceptibility in the progression of HNSCC. Despite the advances in our knowledge, the improved survival rate of HNSCC patients over the last 40 years has been limited. Failure to identify the molecular origins of development of HNSCC and the genetic basis of the disease and its biological heterogeneity impedes the development of new therapeutic methods. These results indicate a need to identify more genetic factors underlying this complex disease, which can be better used in early detection and prevention strategies. The lack of reliable animal models to investigate the underlying molecular processes is one of the most significant barriers to understanding HNSCC tumors. In this report, we explore and discuss potential research prospects utilizing the Collaborative Cross mouse model and crossing it to mice carrying single or double knockout genes (e.g. Smad4 and P53 genes) to identify genetic factors affecting the development of this complex disease using genome-wide association studies, epigenetics, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, lncRNA, histone modifications, methylation, phosphorylation, and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBaruch Padeh Medical CenterPoriyaIsrael
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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3
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de Kort WWB, Haakma WE, van Es RJJ, Gawlitta D, Driehuis E, Gansevoort M, Willems SM. Jaw Bone Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with Osteoclast Count and Expression of Its Regulating Proteins in Patients and Organoids. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6035. [PMID: 37762975 PMCID: PMC10531999 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently invades the jaw. The exact mechanism of bone invasion remains unclear. This study investigates (premature) osteoclasts and the expression of its differentiation regulating proteins RANKL, OPG and RANK in patients with OSCC. METHODS Resection specimens from OSCC patients were divided into NI group (No Invasion), E group (Erosion) or I group (bone Invasion). Tissue sections were stained with Cathepsin K (osteoclast-counting), RANKL, OPG and RANK. The staining intensity was scored on different regions of the tumor: front, center, back and normal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR for RANKL/OPG/RANK were performed on five head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) organoids. RESULTS The mean number of osteoclasts (I group) and premature osteoclasts (E group) was significantly higher compared to the NI group (p = 0.003, p = 0.036). RANKL expression was significantly higher in the tumor front and tumor center compared to normal mucosa (all groups). In the I group, RANKL and RANK expression was significantly higher in the tumor front compared to the tumor back and there was a trend of higher RANKL expression in the tumor front compared to the E group and NI group. qPCR showed a 20-43 times higher RANKL mRNA expression in three out of five tumor organoids compared to a normal squamous cell organoid line. There was no correlation between protein and mRNA expression in the HNSCC organoids. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that OSCCs induce bone invasion by stimulating osteoclast activation by regulating the production of RANKL and RANK proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem W. B. de Kort
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.J.J.v.E.); (D.G.)
| | - Wisse E. Haakma
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. J. van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.J.J.v.E.); (D.G.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.J.J.v.E.); (D.G.)
| | - Else Driehuis
- Hubrecht Institute, Developmental Biology & Stem Cell Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Merel Gansevoort
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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4
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Boss MK, Harrison LG, Gold A, Karam SD, Regan DP. Canine oral squamous cell carcinoma as a spontaneous, translational model for radiation and immunology research. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1033704. [PMID: 36698398 PMCID: PMC9868558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Improving outcomes for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients has been hindered by a lack of effective predictive animal models. Spontaneously occurring canine OSCC could help fill this gap. The objective of this study was to characterize the immune landscape of canine OSCC to advance understanding of how dogs could serve as a surrogate for human OSCC. Methods/Results Canine OSCC contains a heterogenous tumor immune microenvironment. CD3+ T cells were the predominant tumor infiltrating immune cell population; however, there was a wide range CD3+ T cell density across samples. The most common CD3+ T cell micro-anatomical distribution was defined as "pre-existing immunity", but the remaining 20% of tumors were characterized as "immunologically ignorant" or "excluded infiltrates" patterns. When compared to normal oral mucosa, the tumor gene expression pattern suggests that canine OSCC microenvironment is highly inflamed and characterized by the presence of an anti-tumor immune response dominated by cytotoxic\effector T cells and NK cells (CD8a, GZMA, OX40, and HLA-A); however, overexpression of genes associated with effector T cell exhaustion and microenvironmental immunosuppression was also identified (PD-1, LAG3, CXCL2). Correlations between CD3+ T cell density and immune gene expression revealed key genes associated with cytotoxic anti-tumor T cell responses (GZMA, GZMB, PRF1), co-stimulation of T cells (CD27, CD28, ICOS), and other immune processes, including Type I IFN response (TNF, TNFSF10), and T cell exhaustion (CTLA4, PD-1). CD3+ T cell density in canine OSCC was significantly correlated with a cytolytic activity score (mean PRF1 and GZMA expression), suggestive of active effector CD8 T cell function. CD204+ macrophages were the second most abundant tumor infiltrating immune cell, and when comparing to normal oral mucosa, two differently expressed genes linked to tumor associated macrophages and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were identified: CXCL2, CD70. Overexpression of CXCL2 was also identified in canine OSCC "T cell-high" tumors compared to "T cell-low" tumors. Discussion This study identified actionable immunotherapy targets which could inform future comparative oncology trials in canine OSCC: CTLA-4, PD-1, CXCL2. These data provide a good first step towards utilizing spontaneous canine OSCC as a comparative model for human OSCC radiation and immuno-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Keara Boss
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lauren G. Harrison
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alexandra Gold
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel P. Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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5
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Crosetti E, Succo G, Battiston B, D'Addabbo F, Tascone M, Maldi E, Bertotto I, Berrone M. Surgical Margins After Computer-Assisted Mandibular Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:806477. [PMID: 35098211 PMCID: PMC8793010 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.806477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The use of virtual surgical planning in head and neck surgery is growing strongly. In the literature, its validity, accuracy and clinical utility for mandibular reconstruction are widely documented. Virtual planning of surgical bone resection and reconstruction takes place several days before surgery and its very sensitive nature can negatively affect an intervention aimed at maximum precision in term of oncological safety. Methods: The study focuses on a retrospective evaluation of the surgical margins in 26 consecutive cases with oral cavity malignancy and who underwent computer-assisted mandibular resection/reconstruction guided by the different types of bone, periosteal and peri-mandibular tissue involvement. The goal was to analyze the strategic and technical aspects useful to minimize the risk of positive or close margins and to vary the reconstructive strategy in the case of intraoperative findings of a non-radical planned resection. Results: No intraoperative or perioperative complications occurred. In 20 patients, virtual surgical planning permitted mandibular reconstruction to be performed using composite fibular free flaps, characterized by high accuracy and negative bone margins. In the remaining 6 patients, also virtually planned but otherwise reconstructed due to poor general condition (advanced age, severe comorbidity), negative bone margins were obtained. Intraoperative enlargement of the resection was carried out in one case and positive soft tissue margins were observed in another case. Conclusion: The results were satisfactory in terms of oncological radicality and precision. The functional benefits and reduction in operating times, previously demonstrated in other articles also by the authors, seem to justify the side effects related to the risk of modifying the planned surgery. During virtual planning, the surgeons must bear in mind that an unexpected progression of the tumor or a limited planned resection will entail modifying the extent of the resection intraoperatively and nullifying the virtual planning on which the reconstruction was based. Further investigations are necessary to clarify all aspects of virtual surgical planning in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Crosetti
- Head Neck Oncology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per - l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Succo
- Head Neck Oncology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per - l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Bruno Battiston
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Orthopedic and Trauma Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Martina Tascone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Elena Maldi
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per - l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bertotto
- Radiology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per - l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mattia Berrone
- Head Neck Oncology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per - l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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6
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Grachtchouk M, Liu J, Hutchin ME, Harms PW, Thomas D, Wei L, Wang A, Cummings D, Lowe L, Garlick J, Sciubba J, Chinnaiyan AM, Verhaegen ME, Dlugosz AA. Constitutive Hedgehog/GLI2 signaling drives extracutaneous basaloid squamous cell carcinoma development and bone remodeling. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1100-1109. [PMID: 34117865 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, operating through GLI transcription factors, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and contributes to the development of several malignancies arising in extracutaneous sites. We now report that K5-tTA;tetO-Gli2 bitransgenic mice develop distinctive epithelial tumors within their jaws. These tumors consist of large masses of highly proliferative, monomorphous, basaloid cells with scattered foci of keratinization and central necrosis, mimicking human basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), an aggressive upper aerodigestive tract tumor. Like human BSCC, these tumors express epidermal basal keratins, and differentiation-specific keratins within squamous foci. Mouse BSCCs express high levels of Gli2 and Hh target genes, including Gli1 and Ptch1, which we show are also upregulated in a subset of human BSCCs. Mouse BSCCs appear to arise from distinct epithelial sites, including the gingival junctional epithelium and epithelial rests of Malassez, a proposed stem cell compartment. Although Gli2 transgene expression is restricted to epithelial cells, we also detect striking alterations in bone adjacent to BSCCs, with activated osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteal macrophages, indicative of active bone remodeling. Gli2 transgene inactivation resulted in rapid BSCC regression and reversal of the bone remodeling phenotype. This first-reported mouse model of BSCC supports the concept that uncontrolled Hh signaling plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a subset of human BSCCs, points to Hh/GLI2 signaling as a potential therapeutic target, and provides a powerful new tool for probing the mechanistic underpinnings of tumor-associated bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianhong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark E Hutchin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center
| | - Lebing Wei
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donelle Cummings
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lori Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Garlick
- Division of Cancer Biology and Tissue Engineering, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Sciubba
- The Milton J. Dance Head & Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center.,Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Yaginuma T, Gao J, Nagata K, Muroya R, Fei H, Nagano H, Chishaki S, Matsubara T, Kokabu S, Matsuo K, Kiyoshima T, Yoshioka I, Jimi E. p130Cas induces bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1038-1048. [PMID: 31996896 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone invasion is a critical factor in determining the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is abundantly expressed in the bone matrix and is involved in the acquisition of aggressiveness by tumors. TGF-β is also important to cytoskeletal changes during tumor progression. In this study, we examined the relationship between TGF-β signaling and cytoskeletal changes during bone invasion by OSCC. Immunohistochemical staining of OSCC samples from five patients showed the expression of p130Cas (Crk-associated substrate) in the cytoplasm and phosphorylated Smad3 expression in the nucleus in OSCC cells. TGF-β1 induced the phosphorylation of Smad3 and p130Cas, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by the downregulation of the expression of E-cadherin, a marker of epithelial cells, and the upregulation of the expression of N-cadherin, or Snail, a marker of mesenchymal cells, in human HSC-2 cells and mouse squamous cell carcinome VII (SCCVII) cells. SB431542, a specific inhibitor of Smad2/3 signaling, abrogated the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of p130Cas and morphological changes. Silencing p130Cas using an short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or small interfering RNA in SCCVII cells suppressed TGF-β1-induced cell migration, invasion, EMT and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production. Compared with control SCCVII cells, SCCVII cells with silenced p130Cas strongly suppressed zygomatic and mandibular destruction in vivo by reducing the number of osteoclasts, cell proliferation and MMP-9 production. Taken together, these results showed that the expression of TGF-β/p130Cas might be a new target for the treatment of OSCC bone invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Yaginuma
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Kyushu Dental University, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagata
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Muroya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Huang Fei
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sakura Chishaki
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kou Matsuo
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Izumi Yoshioka
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Kyushu Dental University, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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Yang F, Zhang X, Huang H, Wu G, Lippuner K, Hunziker EB. Anticytokine Activity Enhances Osteogenesis of Bioactive Implants. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:177-186. [PMID: 32536255 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In dental clinical practice, systemic steroids are often applied at the end of implant surgeries to reduce postsurgical inflammation (tissue swelling, etc.) and to reduce patient discomfort. However, the use of systemic steroids is associated with generalized catabolic effects and with a temporarily reduced immunological competence. We hypothesize that by applying locally anticytokine antibodies (antitumor necrosis factor alpha and anti-interleukin-1 beta) together with a bioactive osteogenic implant at the time of the surgical intervention for the placement of a construct, we will be able to achieve the same beneficial effects as those using systemic steroids but are able to avoid the generalized antianabolic effects and the reduced immunocompetence effects, associated with the systemic use of steroids. In an adult rat model, a collagen sponge, soaked with the osteogenic agent bone morphogenetic protein-2, was used as an example for a bioactive implant material and was surgically placed subcutaneously. In the acute inflammatory phase after implantation (2 days after surgery) we investigated the local inflammatory tissue response, and 18 days postsurgically the efficiency of local osteogenesis (to assess possible antianabolic effects). We found that the negative control groups, treated postsurgically with systemic steroids, showed a significant suppression of both the inflammatory response and the osteogenetic activity, that is, they were associated with significant general antianabolic effects, even when steroids were used only at a low dose level. The local anticytokine treatment, however, was able to significantly enhance new bone formation activity, that is, the anabolic activity, over positive control values with BMP-2 only. However, the anticytokine treatment was unable to reduce the local inflammatory and swelling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hairong Huang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kurt Lippuner
- Department of Osteoporosis, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst B Hunziker
- Departments of Osteoporosis and Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Harman RM, Das SP, Bartlett AP, Rauner G, Donahue LR, Van de Walle GR. Beyond tradition and convention: benefits of non-traditional model organisms in cancer research. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:47-69. [PMID: 33111160 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional laboratory model organisms are indispensable for cancer research and have provided insight into numerous mechanisms that contribute to cancer development and progression in humans. However, these models do have some limitations, most notably related to successful drug translation, because traditional model organisms are often short-lived, small-bodied, genetically homogeneous, often immunocompromised, are not exposed to natural environments shared with humans, and usually do not develop cancer spontaneously. We propose that assimilating information from a variety of long-lived, large, genetically diverse, and immunocompetent species that live in natural environments and do develop cancer spontaneously (or do not develop cancer at all) will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of human cancers. These non-traditional model organisms can also serve as sentinels for environmental risk factors that contribute to human cancers. Ultimately, expanding the range of animal models that can be used to study cancer will lead to improved insights into cancer development, progression and metastasis, tumor microenvironment, as well as improved therapies and diagnostics, and will consequently reduce the negative impacts of the wide variety of cancers afflicting humans overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sanjna P Das
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arianna P Bartlett
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gat Rauner
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Leanne R Donahue
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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10
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High-mobility group box 1 induces bone destruction associated with advanced oral squamous cancer via RAGE and TLR4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:422-430. [PMID: 32800556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone destruction of maxillary and mandibular bone by invasive oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) raises various problems in the management of patients, resulting in poor outcomes and survival. However, the mechanism behind bone destruction by OSCC remains unclear. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved ubiquitous nuclear non-histone DNA-binding protein, has been demonstrated to be secreted by aggressive cancers and regulate osteoclastogenesis, a central player during bone destruction. We therefore reasoned that HMGB1 secreted by OSCCs contributes to bone destruction. Our results showed that HMGB1 is produced by human cell lines of OSCC and promotes osteoclastogenesis via up-regulation of the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and consequently osteoclastic bone destruction in mice. Further, we found that these actions of HMGB1 are mediated via the receptor for advanced glycation end products and toll-like receptors. These findings suggest that HMGB1 of OSCC and its down-stream signal pathways are potential targets for the treatment of bone destruction associated with advanced OSCC.
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11
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Ni Z, Zheng Z, Yu E, Zu C, Huang D, Wu K, Hu J, Ye S, Zhuge Q, Yang J, Ruan L. Distribution pattern of invasion-related bio-markers in head Marjolin's ulcer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3316-3323. [PMID: 32855703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marjolin's ulcer (MU) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous malignancy that typically presented in an area of traumatized or chronically inflamed skin and particularly in burn scars. Among them, the MU in the scalp with extensive invasion of the skull is exceptional and severe. The principle of management for MU is to obtain an early diagnosis and perform prompt surgical interventions. The invasive capacity of MU may vary among different sites of the scalp, which may require different therapeutic strategies for surgical excision. However, no clear evidence has been provided to determine the invasion ability of MU at different regions of the lesion as a surgical guidance. In present study, a 41-year-old female with a 40-year history of scalp ulceration has been examined. After resection of the MU lesion, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to confirm the pathology of the cutaneous malignancy after surgical excision. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR experiment was performed out to determine the expression levels of invasion-associated biomarkers at different sites of the scalp affected by MU. Pathological analysis with H&E staining indicated a differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with invasion of the skull. The invasion-associated biomarkers were highly expressed in the core region compared to the middle region as well as the edge of MU tissue. Taken together, the present study suggests that the expression pattern of invasion-associated biomarkers varies between different regions of the MU lesion. High expression levels in the core region of MU indicates that the resection of the center area may be critical for the successful surgical treatment of MU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Enxing Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Can Zu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sheng Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Ruan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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12
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Conrado FO, Dark MJ, Beatty SSK. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:309-312. [PMID: 31298650 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Sun Q, Zhang WB, Gao M, Yu S, Mao C, Guo CB, Yu GY, Peng X. Does the Brown classification of maxillectomy defects have prognostic prediction for patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma involving the maxilla? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:1135-1142. [PMID: 32081582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the maxillectomy defect, T stage, and prognosis of patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The Brown classification system was used to appraise the maxillectomy defects due to maxillary SCC. The clinical data of 137 patients with maxillary SCC during the period 2000-2010 were reviewed; 105 patients were followed up. Preoperative T stage and postoperative maxillectomy class were recorded. The relationship between the maxillectomy defect class and T stage of maxillary SCC was analysed. Correlations between the maxillectomy defect class, local recurrence rate, and survival rate were assessed using IBM SPSS Statistics v19.0. The most common maxillectomy defect class was IIb (54.7%, 75/137). The maxillectomy defect class was significantly associated with the T stage (P < 0.001). Both T stage and the maxillectomy defect class were significantly associated with the survival rate of patients with maxillary SCC (both P< 0.001). In conclusion, the class of the maxillectomy defect was found to be associated with the T stage. Both of these were prognostic factors for patients with maxillary SCC. The class of the maxillectomy defect is suitable for clinical application in predicting the prognosis compared with T stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - W-B Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - M Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - C Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - C-B Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - G-Y Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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14
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Namin AW, Zitsch RP, Layfield LJ. Variability in pathologic interpretation of mandibular invasion. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:1721-1724. [PMID: 31433069 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Our objective was to identify the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of pathological interpretation of mandibular invasion by oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and compare the sensitivity of detecting mandibular invasion in the erosive versus the infiltrative patterns of invasion. We also aimed to describe the significance of the terminology the carcinoma "abuts the mandible" in pathologic interpretation of mandibular invasion. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Mandibulectomy specimens from patients who underwent surgical treatment for oral cavity SCC between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by a board-certified anatomic pathologist. The accuracy of pathologic interpretation of mandibular invasion was calculated using the retrospective interpretation of bone invasion as the true interpretation, which was compared to the interpretation on the original pathology report. Incidence of encountering the terminology the carcinoma "abuts the mandible" in the pathology report was calculated. RESULTS A series of 108 consecutive mandibulectomy specimens were reviewed. Sixty-nine percent (74/108) of cases were interpreted as having mandibular invasion. The accuracy of interpreting mandibular invasion was 84%. The sensitivities for interpretation of mandibular invasion for the erosive and infiltrative patterns of invasion were 77% (30/39) and 91% (32/35), respectively (P = .08). Nine percent (10/108) of pathology reports utilized the terminology the carcinoma "abuts the mandible," and 80% (8/10) of these cases exhibited mandibular invasion. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of identifying mandibular invasion is 84%, indicating a certain degree of sampling error and variability in interpretation. A precise pathologic definition of mandibular invasion should be applied during the interpretation of these specimens to minimize variability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1721-1724, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya W Namin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert P Zitsch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lester J Layfield
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
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Michalek J, Brychtova S, Pink R, Dvorak Z. Prognostic and predictive markers for perineural and bone invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 163:302-308. [PMID: 31435075 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing problem worldwide. Several biological and molecular criteria have been established for making a prognosis of OSCC. One of the most important factors affecting the risk of tumor recurrence and overall prognosis is perineural invasion and bone invasion. Perineural invasion is defined as a tumor spreading and the ability of tumor cells to penetrate around or through the nerve tissue. Perineural invasion can cause the tumor to spread to distant areas from the primary tumor location. One possible explanation for this is the formation of microenvironment in the perineural space which may contain cellular factors that act on both nerve tissue and some types of tumor tissues. Bone invasion by OSCC has major implications for tumor staging, choice of treatment, outcome and quality of life. Oral SCCs invade the mandibular or maxillary bone through an erosive, infiltrative or mixed pattern that correlates with clinical behavior. Bone resorption by osteoclasts is an important step in the process of bone invasion by oral SCCs. Some cytokines (e.g. TNFα and PTHrP) lead to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression or osteoprotegerin (OPG) suppression in oral SCC cells and in cancer stromal cells to induce osteoclastogenesis. Oral SCCs provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis to regulate the balance of RANKL and OPG. A more molecular-based clinical staging and tailor-made therapy would benefit patients with bone invasion by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Michalek
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Brychtova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery of St. Anne`s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic
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Hai L, Szwarc MM, Lonard DM, Rajapakshe K, Perera D, Coarfa C, Ittmann M, Fernandez-Valdivia R, Lydon JP. Short-term RANKL exposure initiates a neoplastic transcriptional program in the basal epithelium of the murine salivary gland. Cytokine 2019; 123:154745. [PMID: 31226438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although salivary gland cancers comprise only ∼3-6% of head and neck cancers, treatment options for patients with advanced-stage disease are limited. Because of their rarity, salivary gland malignancies are understudied compared to other exocrine tissue cancers. The comparative lack of progress in this cancer field is particularly evident when it comes to our incomplete understanding of the key molecular signals that are causal for the development and/or progression of salivary gland cancers. Using a novel conditional transgenic mouse (K5:RANKL), we demonstrate that Receptor Activator of NFkB Ligand (RANKL) targeted to cytokeratin 5-positive basal epithelial cells of the salivary gland causes aggressive tumorigenesis within a short period of RANKL exposure. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis reveals that RANKL markedly increases the expression levels of numerous gene families involved in cellular proliferation, migration, and intra- and extra-tumoral communication. Importantly, cross-species comparison of the K5:RANKL transcriptomic dataset with The Cancer Genome Atlas cancer signatures reveals the strongest molecular similarity with cancer subtypes of the human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. These studies not only provide a much needed transcriptomic resource to mine for novel molecular targets for therapy and/or diagnosis but validates the K5:RANKL transgenic as a preclinical model to further investigate the in vivo oncogenic role of RANKL signaling in salivary gland tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Reproductive Medicine Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Maria M Szwarc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David M Lonard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Li K, Yang L, Qiao YJ, Liang YJ, Wang X, Liao GQ. Risk factors and prognosis for the primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaw. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:157-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ahmad JG, Namin AW, Jorgensen JB, Zitsch RP, Layfield LJ. Mandibular Invasion by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Features of 74 Cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 160:1034-1041. [PMID: 30598057 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818821859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) For patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and mandibular invasion, to determine whether prior radiation to the head and neck region (PXRTHN) affects the density of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or fibroblasts along the tumor interface invading the mandible and whether this is significantly associated with overall survival. (2) To identify clinicopathologic features that are associated with overall survival. STUDY DESIGN Case series with chart review. SETTING University of Missouri hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Retrospective review of 74 cases with pathologically confirmed mandible invasion by OSCC and surgical treatment between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2015. A board-certified anatomic pathologist reviewed the slides from all mandibulectomy cases. RESULTS The mean density of osteoclasts was 2.0 per linear mm among the patients with PXRTHN and 7.1 among those without PXRTHN ( P < .001). Positive soft tissue frozen section margin was significantly associated with overall survival on univariate analysis ( P < .001; hazard ratio [HR], 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.62) and multivariate analysis ( P = .026; HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.90). Maximum tumor dimension was significantly associated with overall survival on univariate analysis ( P = .021; HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38) and multivariate analysis ( P = .002; HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16-1.93). Osteoclast, osteoblast, and fibroblast density were not associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS (1) Osteoclast density along the tumor front is significantly lower among patients with PXRTHN. Stromal cell density was not associated with overall survival. (2) Positive soft tissue frozen section margin and maximum tumor dimension are significantly associated with overall survival among patients with mandibular invasion by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumah G Ahmad
- 1 School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Arya W Namin
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Jorgensen
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert P Zitsch
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lester J Layfield
- 3 Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Siriwardena SBSM, Tsunematsu T, Qi G, Ishimaru N, Kudo Y. Invasion-Related Factors as Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051462. [PMID: 29758011 PMCID: PMC5983574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In solid epithelial cancer, the first step during the process of metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into the underlying stroma, breaching the basement membrane (BM)—the natural barrier between epithelium and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). The ability to invade and metastasize is a key hallmark of cancer progression, and the most complicated and least understood. These topics continue to be very active fields of cancer research. A number of processes, factors, and signaling pathways are involved in regulating invasion and metastasis. However, appropriate clinical trials for anti-cancer drugs targeting the invasion of OSCC are incomplete. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on invasion-related factors and emerging molecular determinants which can be used as potential for diagnostic and therapeutic targets in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadarani B S M Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
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Sambandam Y, Ethiraj P, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM, Panneerselvam E, Sundaram K, Reddy SV. Autoregulation of RANK ligand in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6125-6134. [PMID: 29323724 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy among oral cancers and shows potent activity for local bone invasion. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is critical for bone-resorbing osteoclast formation. We previously demonstrated that OSCC tumor cells express high levels of RANKL. In this study, confocal microscopy demonstrated RANKL specific receptor, RANK expression in OSCC tumor cell lines (SCC1, SCC12, and SCC14a). We also confirmed the expression of RANK and RANKL in primary human OSCC tumor specimens. However, regulatory mechanisms of RANKL expression and a functional role in OSCC tumor progression are unclear. Interestingly, we identified that RANKL expression is autoregulated in OSCC tumor cells. The RANKL specific inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) treatment to OSCC cells inhibits autoregulation of RANKL expression. Further, we showed conditioned media from RANKL CRISPR-Cas9 knockout OSCC cells significantly decreased osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity. In addition, RANKL increases OSCC tumor cell proliferation. RANKL treatment to OSCC cells demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in RANK intracellular adaptor protein, TRAF6 expression, and activation of IKK and IκB signaling molecules. We further identified that transcription factor NFATc2 mediates autoregulation of RANKL expression in OSCC cells. Thus, our results implicate RANKL autoregulation as a novel mechanism that facilitates OSCC tumor cell growth and osteoclast differentiation/bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Sambandam
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Purushoth Ethiraj
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ezhil Panneerselvam
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Sakamuri V Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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The NF-κB signalling pathway in colorectal cancer: associations between dysregulated gene and miRNA expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:269-283. [PMID: 29188362 PMCID: PMC5794831 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway is a regulator of immune response and inflammation that has been implicated in the carcinogenic process. We examined differentially expressed genes in this pathway and miRNAs to determine associations with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We used data from 217 CRC cases to evaluate differences in NF-κB signalling pathway gene expression between paired carcinoma and normal mucosa and identify miRNAs that are associated with these genes. Gene expression data from RNA-Seq and miRNA expression data from Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 were analysed. We evaluated genes most strongly associated and differentially expressed (fold change (FC) of > 1.5 or < 0.67) that were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Of the 92 genes evaluated, 22 were significantly downregulated and nine genes were significantly upregulated in all tumours. Two additional genes (CD14 and CSNK2A1) were dysregulated in MSS tumours and two genes (CARD11 and VCAM1) were downregulated and six genes were upregulated (LYN, TICAM2, ICAM1, IL1B, CCL4 and PTGS2) in MSI tumours. Sixteen of the 21 dysregulated genes were associated with 40 miRNAs. There were 76 miRNA:mRNA associations of which 38 had seed-region matches. Genes were associated with multiple miRNAs, with TNFSRF11A (RANK) being associated with 15 miRNAs. Likewise several miRNAs were associated with multiple genes (miR-150-5p with eight genes, miR-195-5p with four genes, miR-203a with five genes, miR-20b-5p with four genes, miR-650 with six genes and miR-92a-3p with five genes). CONCLUSIONS Focusing on the genes and their associated miRNAs within the entire signalling pathway provides a comprehensive understanding of this complex pathway as it relates to CRC and offers insight into potential therapeutic agents.
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22
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:867-875. [PMID: 28742795 PMCID: PMC5589989 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular mechanisms involved in the invasion of bone by oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are poorly understood, and little is known about the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), the presence of which confers a poor prognosis. Methods: Clinicopathological data from 277 OSCC cases involving bone resections were reviewed, and 32 cases thoroughly analysed histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine αSMA, RANKL and OPG. Western blotting and qPCR were used to assess myofibroblast (CAF-like) differentiation, RANKL and OPG expression in vitro, and RANKL secretion was analysed by ELISA. Osteoclastogenesis was examined using TRAP staining, multinucleation and pit forming assays. Results: Fibrous stroma intervened between tumour and bone in the majority of cases, with no direct contact between cancer cells and bone. RANKL and OPG, two proteins key to regulating bone resorption, were expressed in tumour cells as well as fibrous stroma adjacent to bone and αSMA-positive myofibroblastic CAF were consistently seen infiltrating into bone ahead of tumour cells. Human primary osteoblasts cultured with conditioned media from human OSCC-derived cells and human primary CAF showed a significant increase in RANKL and a decline in OPG mRNA expression. RANKL secretion was significantly increased in primary oral fibroblasts induced to differentiate into a CAF-like phenotype by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) treatment and in primary CAF. Indirect co-culture of murine macrophages with conditioned media from CAF (experimentally derived and isolated from OSCCs) resulted in a marked increase in osteoclastogenesis (in excess of that provoked by cancer cells) determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, multinucleation and resorption pit formation. Conclusions: This study is the first to describe a functional role for CAFs in bone invasion and turnover, identifying a novel potential therapeutic target and diagnostic indicator in this difficult to treat bone invasive malignancy.
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Rabelo GD, Coutinho-Camillo C, Kowalski LP, Portero-Muzy N, Roux JP, Chavassieux P, Alves FA. Evaluation of cortical mandibular bone in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Cytology of bone is a useful diagnostic tool. Aspiration of lytic or proliferative lesions can assist with the diagnosis of inflammatory or neoplastic processes. Bacterial, fungal, and protozoal organisms can result in significant osteomyelitis, and these organisms can be identified on cytology. Neoplasms of bone including primary bone tumors such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma, and histiocytic sarcoma and tumors of bone marrow including plasma cell neoplasia and lymphoma and metastatic neoplasia can result in significant bone lysis or proliferation and can be diagnosed effectively with cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Barger
- Pathobiology Department, University of Illinois, 1008 Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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25
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Yoshimoto S, Morita H, Matsubara R, Mitsuyasu T, Imai Y, Kajioka S, Yoneda M, Ito Y, Hirofuji T, Nakamura S, Hirata M. Surface vacuolar ATPase in ameloblastoma contributes to tumor invasion of the jaw bone. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1258-70. [PMID: 26794206 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumor in Japan. It is believed that it expands in the jaw bone through peritumoral activation of osteoclasts by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) released from the ameloblastoma, as in bone metastases of cancer cells. However, the clinical features of ameloblastoma, including its growth rate and patterns of invasion, are quite different from those of bone metastasis of cancer cells, suggesting that different underlying mechanisms are involved. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the possible mechanisms underlying the invasive expansion of ameloblastoma in the jaw bone. Expression levels of RANKL assessed by western blotting were markedly lower in ameloblastoma (AM-1) cells than in highly metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-3) cells. Experiments coculturing mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) with AM-1 demonstrated low osteoclastogenic activity, as assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cell formation, probably because of low release of RANKL, whereas cocultures of RAW264.7 with HSC-3 cells exhibited very high osteoclastogenic activity. Thus, RANKL release from AM-1 appeared to be too low to generate osteoclasts. However, AM-1 cultured directly on calcium phosphate-coated plates formed resorption pits, and this was inhibited by application of bafilomycin A1. Furthermore, vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and H+/Cl- exchange transporter 7 (CLC-7) were detected on the surface of AM-1 cells by plasma membrane biotinylation and immunofluorescence analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples of ameloblastoma also showed plasma membrane-localized V-ATPase and CLC-7 in the epithelium of plexiform, follicular and basal cell types. The demineralization activity of AM-1 was only 1.7% of osteoclasts demineralization activity, and the growth rate was 20% of human normal skin keratinocytes and HSC-3 cells. These results suggest that the slow expansion of several typical types of ameloblastomas in jaw bone is attributable to its slow growth and low demineralization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Morita
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mitsuyasu
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Imai
- Special Patient Oral Care Unit, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kajioka
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoneda
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Yushi Ito
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takao Hirofuji
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
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26
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NF-κB acts as a multifunctional modulator in bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(15)00038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Supsavhad W, Dirksen WP, Martin CK, Rosol TJ. Animal models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Vet J 2015; 210:7-16. [PMID: 26965084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Local bone invasion into the maxilla or mandible and metastasis to regional lymph nodes often result in a poor prognosis, decreased quality of life and shortened survival time for HNSCC patients. Poor response to treatment and clinical outcomes are the major concerns in this aggressive cancer. Multiple animal models have been developed to replicate spontaneous HNSCC and investigate genetic alterations and novel therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of HNSCC as well as the traditional animal models used in HNSCC preclinical research. The value and challenges of each in vivo model are discussed. Similarity between HNSCC in humans and cats and the possibility of using spontaneous feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) as a model for HNSCC in translational research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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28
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Hsu FT, Chang B, Chen JCH, Chiang IT, Liu YC, Kwang WK, Hwang JJ. Synergistic Effect of Sorafenib and Radiation on Human Oral Carcinoma in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15391. [PMID: 26487364 PMCID: PMC4613834 DOI: 10.1038/srep15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma often causes bone invasion resulting in poor prognosis and affects the quality of life for patients. Herein, we combined radiation with sorafenib, to evaluate the combination effect on tumor progression and bone erosion in an in situ human OSCC-bearing mouse model. Treatment procedure were arranged as following groups: (a) normal (no tumor); (b) control (with tumor); (c) sorafenib (10 mg/kg/day); (d) radiation (single dose of 6 Gy); (e) pretreatment (sorafenib treatment for 3 days prior to radiation), and (f) concurrent treatment (sorafenib and radiation on the same day). The inhibition of tumor growth and expression level of p65 of NF-κB in tumor tissues were the most significant in the pretreatment group. EMSA and Western blot showed that DNA/NF-κB activity and the expressions of NF-κB-associated proteins were down-regulated. Notably, little to no damage in mandibles and zygomas of mice treated with combination of sorafenib and radiation was found by micro-CT imaging. In conclusion, sorafenib combined with radiation suppresses radiation-induced NF-κB activity and its downstream proteins, which contribute to radioresistance and tumorigenesis. Additionally, bone destruction is also diminished, suggesting that combination treatment could be a potential strategy against human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Bei-tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Betty Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Bei-tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - John Chun-Hao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Bei-tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 45, Minsheng Rd., Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - I-Tsang Chiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Bei-tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kang Kwang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Bei-tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Sonnenschein SK, Meyle J. Local inflammatory reactions in patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:221-54. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Aberrant Activation of the RANK Signaling Receptor Induces Murine Salivary Gland Tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128467. [PMID: 26061636 PMCID: PMC4464738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike cancers of related exocrine tissues such as the mammary and prostate gland, diagnosis and treatment of aggressive salivary gland malignancies have not markedly advanced in decades. Effective clinical management of malignant salivary gland cancers is undercut by our limited knowledge concerning the key molecular signals that underpin the etiopathogenesis of this rare and heterogeneous head and neck cancer. Without knowledge of the critical signals that drive salivary gland tumorigenesis, tumor vulnerabilities cannot be exploited that allow for targeted molecular therapies. This knowledge insufficiency is further exacerbated by a paucity of preclinical mouse models (as compared to other cancer fields) with which to both study salivary gland pathobiology and test novel intervention strategies. Using a mouse transgenic approach, we demonstrate that deregulation of the Receptor Activator of NFkB Ligand (RANKL)/RANK signaling axis results in rapid tumor development in all three major salivary glands. In line with its established role in other exocrine gland cancers (i.e., breast cancer), the RANKL/RANK signaling axis elicits an aggressive salivary gland tumor phenotype both at the histologic and molecular level. Despite the ability of this cytokine signaling axis to drive advanced stage disease within a short latency period, early blockade of RANKL/RANK signaling markedly attenuates the development of malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Together, our findings have uncovered a tumorigenic role for RANKL/RANK in the salivary gland and suggest that targeting this pathway may represent a novel therapeutic intervention approach in the prevention and/or treatment of this understudied head and neck cancer.
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31
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Jimenez L, Jayakar SK, Ow TJ, Segall JE. Mechanisms of Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:1334-48. [PMID: 26046491 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0498-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The highly invasive properties demonstrated by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are often associated with locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastasis in patients and is a key factor leading to an expected 5-year survival rate of approximately 50% for patients with advanced disease. It is important to understand the features and mediators of HNSCC invasion so that new treatment approaches can be developed. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the characteristics, mediators, and mechanisms of HNSCC invasion. DATA SOURCES A literature review of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed on HNSCC invasion. CONCLUSIONS Histologic features of HNSCC tumors can help predict prognosis and influence clinical treatment decisions. Cell surface receptors, signaling pathways, proteases, invadopodia function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, microRNAs, and tumor microenvironment are all involved in the regulation of the invasive behavior of HNSCC cells. Identifying effective HNSCC invasion inhibitors has the potential to improve outcomes for patients by reducing the rate of spread and increasing responsiveness to chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey E Segall
- From the Departments of Pathology (Mss Jimenez and Jayakar, and Drs Ow and Segall) and Anatomy and Structural Biology (Mss Jimenez and Jayakar, and Dr Segall), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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32
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Simmons JK, Hildreth BE, Supsavhad W, Elshafae SM, Hassan BB, Dirksen WP, Toribio RE, Rosol TJ. Animal Models of Bone Metastasis. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:827-41. [PMID: 26021553 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815586223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis in humans and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Bone metastases are considered incurable and result in pain, pathologic fracture, and decreased quality of life. Animal models of skeletal metastases are essential to improve the understanding of the molecular pathways of cancer metastasis and growth in bone and to develop new therapies to inhibit and prevent bone metastases. The ideal animal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible, and representative of human disease. Currently, an ideal model does not exist; however, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the available models will lead to proper study design and successful cancer research. This review provides an overview of the current in vivo animal models used in the study of skeletal metastases or local tumor invasion into bone and focuses on mammary and prostate cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and miscellaneous tumors that metastasize to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Simmons
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B E Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B B Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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33
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Namin AW, Bruggers SD, Panuganti BA, Christopher KM, Walker RJ, Varvares MA. Efficacy of bone marrow cytologic evaluations in detecting occult cancellous invasion. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:E173-9. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.25063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arya W. Namin
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine; Saint Louis Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Ronald J. Walker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Saint Louis Missouri
| | - Mark A. Varvares
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Saint Louis Missouri
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34
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Co-expression of CD44+/RANKL+ tumor cells in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Odontology 2013; 103:36-49. [PMID: 23979059 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) signaling helps putative cancer stem cells (CSC) to maintain their stemness. Expression of CD44 and RANKL was analyzed in oral squamous cell carcinoma specimen (n = 191). Moreover, RANKL expression was measured in cancer cell lines (BICR3, BICR56) by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Scanned images were digitally analyzed using ImageJ and the immunomembrane plug-in. CD44 and RANKL expression on protein level was correlated with clinical characteristics and impact on survival. RANKL was co-labeled with CD44 in immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double labeling experiments. Although high CD44+/RANKL+ co-expression was significantly associated with clinicopathological factors and worse survival, multivariate analysis did not demonstrate high CD44+/RANKL+ co-expression as independent prognostic factor. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double labeling experiments revealed RANKL expression by CD44+ cancer cells. RANKL specificity was confirmed by western blot analysis. For the first time, this study provides evidence that RANKL expression in OSCC might be associated with disease recurrence and a cell compartment measured by CD44+/RANKL+ co-expression within the mucosal epithelial basal layer cells.
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