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Ceci C, Ruffini F, Falconi M, Grazia Atzori M, Falzon A, Lozzi F, Iacovelli F, D'Atri S, Graziani G, Miguel Lacal P. Pharmacological inhibition of PDGF-C/neuropilin-1 interaction: A novel strategy to reduce melanoma metastatic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116766. [PMID: 38788599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-C sustains melanoma invasiveness. Therefore, in the search of novel agents capable of reducing melanoma spreading, PDGF-C/NRP-1 interaction was investigated as a potential druggable target. Since the PDGF-C region involved in NRP-1 binding is not yet known, based on the sequence and structural homology between PDGF-C and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), we hypothesized that the NRP-1 b1 domain region involved in the interaction with VEGF-A might also be required for PDGF-C binding. Hence, this region was selected from the protein crystal structure and used as target in the molecular docking procedure. In the following virtual screening, compounds from a DrugBank database were used as query ligands to identify agents potentially capable of disrupting NRP-1/PDGF-C interaction. Among the top 45 candidates with the highest affinity, five drugs were selected based on the safety profile, lack of hormonal effects, and current availability in the market: the antipsychotic pimozide, antidiabetic gliclazide, antiallergic cromolyn sodium, anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor entrectinib, and antihistamine azelastine. Analysis of drug influence on PDGF-C in vitro binding to NRP-1 and PDGF-C induced migration of human melanoma cells expressing NRP-1, indicated gliclazide and entrectinib as the most specific agents that were active at clinically achievable and non-toxic concentrations. Both drugs also reverted PDGF-C ability to stimulate extracellular matrix invasion by melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibitors. The inhibitory effect on tumor cell motility involved a decrease of p130Cas phosphorylation, a signal transduction pathway activated by PDGF-C-mediated stimulation of NRP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Falzon
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Lozzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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2
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Thakur A, Rana M, Mishra A, Kaur C, Pan CH, Nepali K. Recent advances and future directions on small molecule VEGFR inhibitors in oncological conditions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116472. [PMID: 38728867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
"A journey of mixed emotions" is a quote that best describes the progress chart of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors as cancer therapeutics in the last decade. Exhilarated with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of numerous VEGFR inhibitors coupled with the annoyance of encountering the complications associated with their use, drug discovery enthusiasts are on their toes with an unswerving determination to enhance the rate of translation of VEGFR inhibitors from preclinical to clinical stage. The recently crafted armory of VEGFR inhibitors is a testament to their growing dominance over other antiangiogenic therapies for cancer treatment. This review perspicuously underscores the earnest attempts of the researchers to extract the antiproliferative potential of VEGFR inhibitors through the design of mechanistically diverse structural assemblages. Moreover, this review encompasses sections on structural/molecular properties and physiological functions of VEGFR, FDA-approved VEGFR inhibitors, and hurdles restricting the activity range/clinical applicability of VEGFR targeting antitumor agents. In addition, tactics to overcome the limitations of VEGFR inhibitors are discussed. A clear-cut viewpoint transmitted through this compilation can provide practical directions to push the cart of VEGFR inhibitors to advanced-stage clinical investigations in diverse malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Anshul Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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3
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Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Jeong YJ, Na YH, Hong JT, Han JM, Hoe HS, Lim KH. Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131925. [PMID: 38685540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated economic and societal burdens are on the rise, but there are no curative treatments for AD. Interestingly, this neurodegenerative disease shares several biological and pathophysiological features with cancer, including cell-cycle dysregulation, angiogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and DNA damage. However, the genetic factors contributing to the overlap in biological processes between cancer and AD have not been actively studied. In this review, we discuss the shared biological features of cancer and AD, the molecular targets of anticancer drugs, and therapeutic approaches. First, we outline the common biological features of cancer and AD. Second, we describe several anticancer drugs, their molecular targets, and their effects on AD pathology. Finally, we discuss how protein-protein interactions (PPIs), receptor inhibition, immunotherapy, and gene therapy can be exploited for the cure and management of both cancer and AD. Collectively, this review provides insights for the development of AD theragnostics based on cancer drugs and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Barbaccia ML, Mercuri NB, Graziani G, Ledonne A. The VEGFs/VEGFRs system in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107101. [PMID: 38336311 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their cognate receptors (VEGFRs), besides their well-known involvement in physiological angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and in diseases associated to pathological vessel formation, play multifaceted functions in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to shaping brain development, by controlling cerebral vasculogenesis and regulating neurogenesis as well as astrocyte differentiation, the VEGFs/VEGFRs axis exerts essential functions in the adult brain both in physiological and pathological contexts. In this article, after describing the physiological VEGFs/VEGFRs functions in the CNS, we focus on the VEGFs/VEGFRs involvement in neurodegenerative diseases by reviewing the current literature on the rather complex VEGFs/VEGFRs contribution to the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Thereafter, based on the outcome of VEGFs/VEGFRs targeting in animal models of AD and PD, we discuss the factual relevance of pharmacological VEGFs/VEGFRs modulation as a novel and potential disease-modifying approach for these neurodegenerative pathologies. Specific VEGFRs targeting, aimed at selective VEGFR-1 inhibition, while preserving VEGFR-2 signal transduction, appears as a promising strategy to hit the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology. Moreover, therapeutic VEGFs-based approaches can be proposed for PD treatment, with the aim of fine-tuning their brain levels to amplify neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects while limiting an excessive impact on vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Barbaccia
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Rome, Italy; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ada Ledonne
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Rome, Italy; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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5
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Rodrigues EM, Giovanini AF, Ribas CAPM, Malafaia O, Roesler R, Isolan GR. The Nervous System Development Regulator Neuropilin-1 as a Potential Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Brain Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4922. [PMID: 37894289 PMCID: PMC10605093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins are transmembrane glycoproteins that regulate developmental processes in the nervous system and other tissues. Overexpression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) occurs in many solid tumor types and, in several instances, may predict patient outcome in terms of overall survival. Experimental inhibition of NRP1 activity can display antitumor effects in different cancer models. Here, we review NRP1 expression and function in adult and pediatric brain cancers, particularly glioblastomas (GBMs) and medulloblastomas, and present analyses of NRP1 transcript levels and their association with patient survival in GBMs. The case of NRP1 highlights the potential of regulators of neurodevelopment as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mello Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical University, Curitiba 80730-000, PR, Brazil; (E.M.R.)
- The Center for Advanced Neurology and Neurosurgery (CEANNE), Porto Alegre 90560-010, RS, Brazil
| | - Allan Fernando Giovanini
- Graduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical University, Curitiba 80730-000, PR, Brazil; (E.M.R.)
| | | | - Osvaldo Malafaia
- Graduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical University, Curitiba 80730-000, PR, Brazil; (E.M.R.)
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Isolan
- Graduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical University, Curitiba 80730-000, PR, Brazil; (E.M.R.)
- The Center for Advanced Neurology and Neurosurgery (CEANNE), Porto Alegre 90560-010, RS, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children’s Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology—INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- Spalt Therapeutics, Porto Alegre 90560-010, RS, Brazil
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Ruffini F, Ceci C, Atzori MG, Caporali S, Levati L, Bonmassar L, Cappellini GCA, D'Atri S, Graziani G, Lacal PM. TARGETING OF PDGF-C/NRP-1 AUTOCRINE LOOP AS A NEW STRATEGY FOR COUNTERACTING THE INVASIVENESS OF MELANOMA RESISTANT TO BRAF INHIBITORS. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106782. [PMID: 37127213 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) is often accompanied by a switch from a proliferative to an invasive phenotype. Therefore, the identification of signaling molecules involved in the development of metastatic properties by resistant melanoma cells is of primary importance. We have previously demonstrated that activation of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-C confers melanoma cells with an invasive behavior similar to that of BRAFi resistant tumors. Aims of the present study were to evaluate the role of PDGF-C/NRP-1 autocrine loop in the acquisition of an invasive and BRAFi-resistant phenotype by melanoma cells and the effect of its inhibition on drug resistance and extracellular matrix (ECM) invasion. Furthermore, we investigated whether PDGF-C serum levels were differentially modulated by drug treatment in metastatic melanoma patients responsive or refractory to BRAFi as a single agent or in combination with MEK inhibitors (MEKi). The results indicated that human melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi express higher levels of PDGF-C and NRP-1 as compared to their susceptible counterparts. Overexpression occurs early during development of drug resistance and contributes to the invasive properties of resistant cells. Accordingly, silencing of NRP-1 or PDGF-C reduces tumor cell invasiveness. Analysis of PDGF-C in the serum collected from patients treated with BRAFi or BRAFi+MEKi, showed that in responders PDGF-C levels decrease after treatment and raise again at tumor progression. Conversely, in non-responders treatment does not affect PDGF-C serum levels. Thus, blockade of NRP-1 activation by PDGF-C might represent a new therapeutic approach to counteract the invasiveness of BRAFi-resistant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruffini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Sankiewicz A, Zelazowska-Rutkowska B, Gorska E, Hermanowicz A, Gorodkiewicz E. New Biosensor for Determination of Neuropilin-1 with Detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4118. [PMID: 37112459 PMCID: PMC10145791 DOI: 10.3390/s23084118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 is transmembrane protein with soluble isoforms. It plays a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological processes. NRP-1 is involved in the immune response, formation of neuronal circuits, angiogenesis, survival and migration of cells. The specific SPRI biosensor for the determination of neuropilin-1 was constructed using mouse monoclonal antibody that captures unbound NRP-1 form body fluids. The biosensor exhibits linearity of the analytical signal between 0.01 and 2.5 ng/mL, average precision value 4.7% and recovery between 97% and 104%. The detection limit is 0.011 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification is 0.038 ng/mL. The biosensor was validated by parallel determination of NRP-1 in serum and saliva samples using the ELISA test, with good agreement of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sankiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Gorska
- Independent Researcher, Stoleczna 7, 15-879 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122452. [PMID: 36557705 PMCID: PMC9784975 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered syndrome characterized by multiple organ manifestations that persist for weeks to months, following the recovery from acute disease. Occasionally, neurological and cardiovascular side effects mimicking long COVID-19 have been reported in recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Hypothetically, the clinical similarity could be due to a shared pathogenic role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein produced by the virus or used for immunization. The S protein can bind to neuropilin (NRP)-1, which normally functions as a coreceptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. By antagonizing the docking of VEGF-A to NRP-1, the S protein could disrupt physiological pathways involved in angiogenesis and nociception. One consequence could be the increase in unbound forms of VEGF-A that could bind to other receptors. SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals may exhibit increased plasma levels of VEGF-A during both acute illness and convalescence, which could be responsible for diffuse microvascular and neurological damage. A few studies suggest that serum VEGF-A may also be a potential biomarker for long COVID-19, whereas evidence for COVID-19 vaccines is lacking and merits further investigation.
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To Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Acupuncture Alleviating Inflammation and Treating Obesity Based on Text Mining. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3133096. [PMID: 36105933 PMCID: PMC9467717 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3133096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the related mechanism of acupuncture affecting obesity by regulating inflammation using bioinformatics methods. Methods The genes related to obesity, inflammation, and acupuncture and inflammation were mined using GenCLiP 3, and the intersecting genes were extracted using Venn diagram. The DAVID database was employed for pathway enrichment analysis and functional annotation of coexpressed genes. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the STRING database and visualized by the Cytoscape software and screened out important hub genes. Finally, the Boxplot and Survival Analysis of the hub genes in various cancers were performed by GEPIA. Results 755 genes related to obesity and inflammation and 38 genes related to acupuncture and inflammation were identified, and 24 coexpressed genes related to obesity, inflammation, and acupuncture were extracted from the Venn diagram. Eight hub genes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), signal transduction and transcriptional activation factor 3 (STAT3), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), prostaglandin peroxide synthesis-2 (PTGS2), signal transistors, and transcriptional activation factor 6 (STAT6) were identified by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG), and PPI network analysis. Among them, IL-6 is suggested to play an essential role in the treatment of obesity and inflammation by acupuncture, and IL-6 was significant in both Boxplot and Survival Analysis of pancreatic cancer (PAAD). Therefore, in this study, the core gene, IL-6 was used as the breakthrough point to explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture in treating obesity and pancreatic cancer by regulating IL-6. Conclusion (1) Acupuncture can regulate the expression of IL-6 through the TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, thereby alleviating inflammation, which can be used as a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity. (2) IL-6/STAT3 is closely related to the occurrence, development, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Acupuncture affecting pancreatic cancer through TLR4/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 pathway may be a potential method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Valentini E, Di Martile M, Del Bufalo D, D'Aguanno S. SEMAPHORINS and their receptors: focus on the crosstalk between melanoma and hypoxia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:131. [PMID: 33858502 PMCID: PMC8050914 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deprivation, is considered a hallmark of tumor microenvironment regulating several pathways and promoting cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Semaphorins, a family of about 20 secreted, transmembrane and GPI-linked glycoproteins, and their cognate receptors (plexins and neuropilins) play a pivotal role in the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Many studies reported that some semaphorins are involved in the development of a permissive tumor niche, guiding cell-cell communication and, consequently, the development and progression, as well as the response to therapy, of different cancer histotypes, including melanoma. In this review we will summarize the state of art of semaphorins regulation by hypoxic condition in cancer with different origin. We will also describe evidence about the ability of semaphorins to affect the expression and activity of transcription factors activated by hypoxia, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Finally, we will focus our attention on findings reporting the role of semaphorins in melanocytes transformation, melanoma progression and response to therapy. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms through which semaphorins induce their effect and to shed light on the possibility to use semaphorins or their cognate receptors as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets in melanoma or other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
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11
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Ntellas P, Mavroeidis L, Gkoura S, Gazouli I, Amylidi AL, Papadaki A, Zarkavelis G, Mauri D, Karpathiou G, Kolettas E, Batistatou A, Pentheroudakis G. Old Player-New Tricks: Non Angiogenic Effects of the VEGF/VEGFR Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3145. [PMID: 33121034 PMCID: PMC7692709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been considered to facilitate and sustain cancer growth, making the introduction of anti-angiogenic agents that disrupt the vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) pathway an important milestone at the beginning of the 21st century. Originally research on VEGF signaling focused on its survival and mitogenic effects towards endothelial cells, with moderate so far success of anti-angiogenic therapy. However, VEGF can have multiple effects on additional cell types including immune and tumor cells, by directly influencing and promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion and contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the effects of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway on non-endothelial cells and the resulting implications of anti-angiogenic agents that include direct inhibition of tumor cell growth and immunostimulatory functions. Finally, we present how previously unappreciated studies on VEGF biology, that have demonstrated immunomodulatory properties and tumor regression by disrupting the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, now provide the scientific basis for new combinational treatments of immunotherapy with anti-angiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntellas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Leonidas Mavroeidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefania Gkoura
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gazouli
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna-Lea Amylidi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papadaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Zarkavelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Davide Mauri
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgia Karpathiou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 Saint Etienne, France;
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, 45115 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - George Pentheroudakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (P.N.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (I.G.); (A.-L.A.); (A.P.); (G.Z.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Galunisertib Drives Treg Fragility and Promotes Dendritic Cell-Mediated Immunity against Experimental Lymphoma. iScience 2020; 23:101623. [PMID: 33089111 PMCID: PMC7559877 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galunisertib (LY2157299) is a selective ATP-mimetic inhibitor of TGF-β receptor-I activation, currently under clinical trial in a variety of cancers. We have tested the combined effects of galunisertib- and interleukin-15-activated dendritic cells in an aggressive and highly metastatic murine lymphoma. Based on the tumor-draining lymph node architecture, and its histology, the combination therapy results in better prognosis, including disappearance of the disease-exacerbating regulatory T cells. Our data suggest that galunisertib significantly enhances the success of immunotherapy with IL-15-activated dendritic cells by limiting the regulatory T cells generation with consequent downregulation of regulatory T cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes and vascularized organ like spleen. This is also associated with consistent loss p-SMAD2 and downregulation of Neuropilin-1, leading to better prognosis and positive outcome. These results connect the role of combined therapy with the consequent elimination of disease-exacerbating T regulatory cells in a metastatic murine lymphoma. Galunisertib (LY2157299) + IL-15-activated DC is tumoricidal against DL lymphoma The binary therapy downregulates Treg cell generation in lymph nodes Loss of p-SMAD2 and Neuropilin-1 in lymph nodes with improved prognosis Critical role of central CD8+ memory T cells and Treg cells for therapeutic success
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13
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Samaržija I, Dekanić A, Humphries JD, Paradžik M, Stojanović N, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. Integrin Crosstalk Contributes to the Complexity of Signalling and Unpredictable Cancer Cell Fates. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1910. [PMID: 32679769 PMCID: PMC7409212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors composed of α and β subunits that control adhesion, proliferation and gene expression. The integrin heterodimer binding to ligand reorganises the cytoskeletal networks and triggers multiple signalling pathways that can cause changes in cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, survival and motility. In addition, integrins have been identified as targets for many different diseases, including cancer. Integrin crosstalk is a mechanism by which a change in the expression of a certain integrin subunit or the activation of an integrin heterodimer may interfere with the expression and/or activation of other integrin subunit(s) in the very same cell. Here, we review the evidence for integrin crosstalk in a range of cellular systems, with a particular emphasis on cancer. We describe the molecular mechanisms of integrin crosstalk, the effects of cell fate determination, and the contribution of crosstalk to therapeutic outcomes. Our intention is to raise awareness of integrin crosstalk events such that the contribution of the phenomenon can be taken into account when researching the biological or pathophysiological roles of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ana Dekanić
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
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14
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Resistance of melanoma cells to anticancer treatment: a role of vascular endothelial growth factor. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:11-18. [PMID: 32467677 PMCID: PMC7247075 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.93378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and resistant to treatment neoplasms. There are still many challenges despite many promising advances in anticancer treatment. Currently, the main problem for all types of treatment is associated with heterogeneity. Due to heterogeneity of cancer cells, "precise" targeting of a medicine against a single phenotype limits the efficacy of treatment and affects resistance to applied therapy. Therefore it is important to understand aetiology and reasons for heterogeneity in order to develop effective and long-lasting treatment. This review summarises roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that may stimulate growth of a melanoma tumour irrespective of its proangiogenic effects, contributing to cancer heterogeneity. VEGF triggers processes associated with extracellular matrix remodelling, cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, inhibition of immune responses and favours phenotypic plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Consequently, it participates in mechanisms of interactions between melanoma cancer cells and microenvironment and it can modify sensitivity to therapeutic factors.
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15
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Ceci C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Graziani G. Role of VEGFs/VEGFR-1 Signaling and its Inhibition in Modulating Tumor Invasion: Experimental Evidence in Different Metastatic Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1388. [PMID: 32085654 PMCID: PMC7073125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members, VEGF-A, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and to a lesser extent VEGF-B, play an essential role in tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue infiltration, and metastasis formation. Although VEGF-A can activate both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 membrane receptors, PlGF and VEGF-B exclusively interact with VEGFR-1. Differently from VEGFR-2, which is involved both in physiological and pathological angiogenesis, in the adult VEGFR-1 is required only for pathological angiogenesis. Besides this role in tumor endothelium, ligand-mediated stimulation of VEGFR-1 expressed in tumor cells may directly induce cell chemotaxis and extracellular matrix invasion. Furthermore, VEGFR-1 activation in myeloid progenitors and tumor-associated macrophages favors cancer immune escape through the release of immunosuppressive cytokines. These properties have prompted a number of preclinical and clinical studies to analyze VEGFR-1 involvement in the metastatic process. The aim of the present review is to highlight the contribution of VEGFs/VEGFR-1 signaling in the progression of different tumor types and to provide an overview of the therapeutic approaches targeting VEGFR-1 currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, “Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico”, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
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16
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Neuropilin: Handyman and Power Broker in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:31-67. [PMID: 32030684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 form a small family of transmembrane receptors, which, due to the lack of a cytosolic protein kinase domain, act primarily as co-receptors for various ligands. Performing at the molecular level both the executive and organizing functions of a handyman as well as of a power broker, they are instrumental in controlling the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. In this setting, the various neuropilin ligands and interaction partners on various cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells, are surveyed. The suitability of various neuropilin-targeting substances and the intervention in neuropilin-mediated interactions is considered as a possible building block of tumor therapy.
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17
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Niland S, Eble JA. Neuropilins in the Context of Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030639. [PMID: 30717262 PMCID: PMC6387129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 form a small family of plasma membrane spanning receptors originally identified by the binding of semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Having no cytosolic protein kinase domain, they function predominantly as co-receptors of other receptors for various ligands. As such, they critically modulate the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. This review highlights the diverse neuropilin ligands and interacting partners on endothelial cells, which are relevant in the context of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, the latter contains cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Based on the prevalent neuropilin-mediated interactions, the suitability of various neuropilin-targeted substances for influencing tumor angiogenesis as a possible building block of a tumor therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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18
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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Tentori L, De Martino MG, Miano R, Graziani G. Experimental Evidence of the Antitumor, Antimetastatic and Antiangiogenic Activity of Ellagic Acid. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1756. [PMID: 30441769 PMCID: PMC6266224 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound endowed with strong antioxidant and anticancer properties that is present in high quantity in a variety of berries, pomegranates, and dried fruits. The antitumor activity of EA has been mostly attributed to direct antiproliferative and apoptotic effects. Moreover, EA can inhibit tumour cell migration, extra-cellular matrix invasion and angiogenesis, all processes that are crucial for tumour infiltrative behaviour and the metastatic process. In addition, EA may increase tumour sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence supporting the anticancer activity of pure EA, its metabolites, and EA-containing fruit juice or extracts in a variety of solid tumour models. The EA oral administration as supportive therapy to standard chemotherapy has been recently evaluated in small clinical studies with colorectal or prostate cancer patients. Novel formulations with improved solubility and bioavailability are expected to fully develop the therapeutic potential of EA derivatives in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella De Martino
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Miano
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Yang Y, Yang L, Li Y. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) upregulated by IL-6/STAT3 signaling contributes to invasion in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Hum Pathol 2018; 81:192-200. [PMID: 30420046 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the upregulation of Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is associated with many solid tumors, its role in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNEN) has not been well elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NRP-1 in improving treatment and determining the prognosis of pNEN. In this study, the expression of NRP-1 in pNEN tissue samples and pNEN cell line BON1 was analyzed by Western blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry upon exposure to interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, pNEN cell line BON1 was transfected with small interfering RNAs against NRP-1 or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and assessed by in vitro invasion assays. The expression of NRP-1 in pNEN tissues was markedly increased compared with adjacent normal pancreatic tissues. High NRP-1 expression was strongly correlated with tumor grades (P = .026), lymph node metastasis (P = .025), and tumor-node-metastasis stages (P = .012). Furthermore, NRP-1 downregulation notably inhibited the metastatic capacity of pNEN cells, and STAT3 knockdown was found to downregulate the expression of NRP-1. BON1 cells upregulated NRP-1 expression upon stimulation with IL-6. This was accompanied by activation/phosphorylation of the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways. Western blot of extracts of human pNENs confirmed increased NRP-1 expression, as well as AKT/STAT3 phosphorylation in tissue of pNENs with elevated expression levels of IL-6. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NRP-1 is upregulated in pNEN and is correlated with the metastatic capacity of pNEN cells, potentially via interaction with the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Linfei Yang
- Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yixiong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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20
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Ishizuka Y, Koshinaga T, Hirano T, Nagasaki-Maeoka E, Watanabe Y, Hoshi R, Yoshizawa S, Sugito K, Kawashima H, Uekusa S, Fukuda N, Soma M, Fujiwara K. NRP1 knockdown promotes the migration and invasion of human neuroblastoma-derived SK‑N‑AS cells via the activation of β1 integrin expression. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:159-166. [PMID: 29750423 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which regulates many aspects of cellular function by functioning as co-receptor of various ligands. Recent studies have suggested that NRP1 promotes tumorigenesis, not only by activating the growth of tumor vessels, but also by activating the growth or migration of tumor cells themselves. The present study was performed to elucidate the roles of NRP1 in the development and/or progression of neuroblastoma (NB). In contrast to previous observations in various types of cancer, the analysis of public datasets indicated that lower levels of NRP1 expression were significantly associated with a shorter survival period of patients with NB. Consistent with this finding, wound-healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay revealed that NB cells in which NRP1 was knocked down exhibited increased migratory and invasive abilities. Further analyses indicated that β1 integrin expression was markedly increased in NB cells in which NRP1 was knocked down, and NB cells in which β1 integrin was knocked down exhibited decreased migratory and invasive abilities. The results presented herein indicate that NRP1 exerts tumor suppressive effects in NB, at least in part by regulating the expression of β1 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Koshinaga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Eri Nagasaki-Maeoka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yosuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Reina Hoshi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yoshizawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Sugito
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shota Uekusa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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21
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Powell J, Mota F, Steadman D, Soudy C, Miyauchi JT, Crosby S, Jarvis A, Reisinger T, Winfield N, Evans G, Finniear A, Yelland T, Chou YT, Chan AWE, O'Leary A, Cheng L, Liu D, Fotinou C, Milagre C, Martin JF, Jia H, Frankel P, Djordjevic S, Tsirka SE, Zachary IC, Selwood DL. Small Molecule Neuropilin-1 Antagonists Combine Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activity with Immune Modulation through Reduction of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) Production in Regulatory T-Cells. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4135-4154. [PMID: 29648813 PMCID: PMC5957473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of some
potent small-molecule neuropilin-1 (NRP1) antagonists. NRP1 is implicated
in the immune response to tumors, particularly in Treg cell fragility,
required for PD1 checkpoint blockade. The design of these compounds
was based on a previously identified compound EG00229. The design
of these molecules was informed and supported by X-ray crystal structures.
Compound 1 (EG01377) was identified as having properties
suitable for further investigation. Compound 1 was then
tested in several in vitro assays and was shown to have antiangiogenic,
antimigratory, and antitumor effects. Remarkably, 1 was
shown to be selective for NRP1 over the closely related protein NRP2.
In purified Nrp1+, FoxP3+, and CD25+ populations of Tregs from mice, 1 was able to block
a glioma-conditioned medium-induced increase in TGFβ production.
This comprehensive characterization of a small-molecule NRP1 antagonist
provides the basis for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Powell
- NCE Discovery (Domainex Ltd) , Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford , Saffron Walden , Essex CB10 1XL , U.K
| | - Filipa Mota
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - David Steadman
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Christelle Soudy
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Jeremy T Miyauchi
- Department of Pharmacology , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Stuart Crosby
- NCE Discovery (Domainex Ltd) , Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford , Saffron Walden , Essex CB10 1XL , U.K
| | - Ashley Jarvis
- NCE Discovery (Domainex Ltd) , Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford , Saffron Walden , Essex CB10 1XL , U.K
| | - Tifelle Reisinger
- NCE Discovery (Domainex Ltd) , Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford , Saffron Walden , Essex CB10 1XL , U.K
| | - Natalie Winfield
- NCE Discovery (Domainex Ltd) , Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford , Saffron Walden , Essex CB10 1XL , U.K
| | - Graham Evans
- Park Place Research Ltd , Unit 5/6 Willowbrook Technology Park, Llandogo Road, St. Mellons , Cardiff CF3 0EF , U.K
| | - Aled Finniear
- Park Place Research Ltd , Unit 5/6 Willowbrook Technology Park, Llandogo Road, St. Mellons , Cardiff CF3 0EF , U.K
| | | | - Yi-Tai Chou
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - A W Edith Chan
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Andrew O'Leary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - Lili Cheng
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - Dan Liu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - Constantina Fotinou
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Carla Milagre
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - John F Martin
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - Paul Frankel
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - Snezana Djordjevic
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacology , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Ian C Zachary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine , University College London , 5 University Street , London WC1E 6JJ , U.K
| | - David L Selwood
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
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22
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Neuropilin 1 Mediates Keratinocyte Growth Factor Signaling in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Potential Involvement in Adipogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29535768 PMCID: PMC5845512 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1075156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is regulated by a complex network of molecules, including fibroblast growth factors. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) has been previously reported to promote proliferation on rat preadipocytes, although the expression of its specific receptor, FGFR2-IIIb/KGFR, is not actually detected in mesenchymal cells. Here, we demonstrate that human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) show increased expression of KGF during adipogenic differentiation, especially in the early steps. Moreover, KGF is able to induce transient activation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in these cells. Furthermore, KGF promotes ASC differentiation and supports the activation of differentiation pathways, such as those of PI3K/Akt and the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Notably, we observed only a low amount of FGFR2-IIIb in ASCs, which seems not to be responsible for KGF activity. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in ASCs acting as a coreceptor for some growth factors, is responsible for KGF-dependent pathway activation in these cells. Our study contributes to clarify the molecular bases of human adipogenesis, demonstrating a role of KGF in the early steps of this process, and points out a role of NRP1 as a previously unknown mediator of KGF action in ASCs.
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Caporali S, Alvino E, Lacal PM, Ruffini F, Levati L, Bonmassar L, Scoppola A, Marchetti P, Mastroeni S, Antonini Cappellini GC, D'Atri S. Targeting the PTTG1 oncogene impairs proliferation and invasiveness of melanoma cells sensitive or with acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113472-113493. [PMID: 29371923 PMCID: PMC5768340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance. Here, we investigated the involvement of PTTG1 in melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness and response to the BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) dabrafenib. We also preliminary assessed the potential value of circulating PTTG1 protein to monitor melanoma patient response to BRAFi or to dabrafenib plus trametinib. Dabrafenib-resistant cell lines (A375R and SK-Mel28R) were more invasive than their drug-sensitive counterparts (A375 and SK-Mel28), but expressed comparable PTTG1 levels. Dabrafenib abrogated PTTG1 expression and impaired invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in A375 and SK-Mel28 cells. In contrast, it affected neither PTTG1 expression in A375R and SK-Mel28R cells, nor ECM invasion in the latter cells, while further stimulated A375R cell invasiveness. Assessment of proliferation and ECM invasion in control and PTTG1-silenced A375 and SK-Mel28 cells, exposed or not to dabrafenib, demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of this drug were, at least in part, dependent on its ability to down-regulate PTTG1 expression. PTTG1-silencing also impaired proliferation and invasiveness of A375R and SK-Mel28R cells, and counteracted dabrafenib-induced stimulation of ECM invasion in A375R cells. Further experiments performed in A375R cells indicated that PTTG1-silencing impaired cell invasiveness through inhibition of MMP-9 and that PTTG1 expression and ECM invasion could be also reduced by the CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE011. PTTG1 targeting might, therefore, represent a useful strategy to impair proliferation and metastasis of melanomas resistant to BRAFi. Circulating PTTG1 also appeared to deserve further investigation as biomarker to monitor patient response to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Alvino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Council of Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bonmassar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scoppola
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOC Oncologia, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Mastroeni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Collateral Damage Intended-Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Vasculature Are Potential Targets in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112355. [PMID: 29112161 PMCID: PMC5713324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After oncogenic transformation, tumor cells rewire their metabolism to obtain sufficient energy and biochemical building blocks for cell proliferation, even under hypoxic conditions. Glucose and glutamine become their major limiting nutritional demands. Instead of being autonomous, tumor cells change their immediate environment not only by their metabolites but also by mediators, such as juxtacrine cell contacts, chemokines and other cytokines. Thus, the tumor cells shape their microenvironment as well as induce resident cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs), to support them. Fibroblasts differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which produce a qualitatively and quantitatively different extracellular matrix (ECM). By their contractile power, they exert tensile forces onto this ECM, leading to increased intratumoral pressure. Moreover, along with enhanced cross-linkage of the ECM components, CAFs thus stiffen the ECM. Attracted by tumor cell- and CAF-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ECs sprout from pre-existing blood vessels during tumor-induced angiogenesis. Tumor vessels are distinct from EC-lined vessels, because tumor cells integrate into the endothelium or even mimic and replace it in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) vessels. Not only the VM vessels but also the characteristically malformed EC-lined tumor vessels are typical for tumor tissue and may represent promising targets in cancer therapy.
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Ruffini F, Levati L, Graziani G, Caporali S, Atzori MG, D'Atri S, Lacal PM. Platelet-derived growth factor-C promotes human melanoma aggressiveness through activation of neuropilin-1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66833-66848. [PMID: 28977999 PMCID: PMC5620139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in advanced melanoma therapy, identification of signalling pathways involved in melanoma switch from proliferative to invasive states is still crucial to uncover new therapeutic targets for improving the outcome of metastatic disease. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFRs), has been suggested to play a relevant role in melanoma progression. NRP-1 can be activated by VEGF-A also in the absence of VEGFRs, triggering specific signal transduction pathways (e.g. p130Cas phosphorylation). Since melanoma cells co-expressing high levels of NRP-1 and platelet derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) show a highly invasive behaviour and PDGF-C shares homology with VEGF-A, in this study we have investigated whether PDGF-C directly interacts with NRP-1 and promotes melanoma aggressiveness. Results demonstrate that PDGF-C specifically binds in vitro to NRP-1. In melanoma cells expressing NRP-1 but lacking PDGFRα, PDGF-C stimulates extra-cellular matrix (ECM) invasion and induces p130Cas phosphorylation. Blockade of PDGF-C function by neutralizing antibodies or reduction of its secretion by specific siRNA inhibit ECM invasion and vasculogenic mimicry. Moreover, PDGF-C silencing significantly down-modulates the expression of Snail, a transcription factor involved in tumour invasiveness that is highly expressed in NRP-1 positive melanoma cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate for the first time a direct activation of NRP-1 by PDGF-C and strongly suggest that autocrine and/or paracrine stimulation of NRP-1 by PDGF-C might contribute to the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype by melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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26
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Ceci C, Tentori L, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Bonanno E, Scimeca M, Cicconi R, Mattei M, de Martino MG, Vespasiani G, Miano R, Graziani G. Ellagic Acid Inhibits Bladder Cancer Invasiveness and In Vivo Tumor Growth. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110744. [PMID: 27879653 PMCID: PMC5133127 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenolic compound that can be found as a naturally occurring hydrolysis product of ellagitannins in pomegranates, berries, grapes, green tea and nuts. Previous studies have reported the antitumor properties of EA mainly using in vitro models. No data are available about EA influence on bladder cancer cell invasion of the extracellular matrix triggered by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an angiogenic factor associated with disease progression and recurrence, and tumor growth in vivo. In this study, we have investigated EA activity against four different human bladder cancer cell lines (i.e., T24, UM-UC-3, 5637 and HT-1376) by in vitro proliferation tests (measuring metabolic and foci forming activity), invasion and chemotactic assays in response to VEGF-A and in vivo preclinical models in nude mice. Results indicate that EA exerts anti-proliferative effects as a single agent and enhances the antitumor activity of mitomycin C, which is commonly used for the treatment of bladder cancer. EA also inhibits tumor invasion and chemotaxis, specifically induced by VEGF-A, and reduces VEGFR-2 expression. Moreover, EA down-regulates the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint involved in immune escape. EA in vitro activity was confirmed by the results of in vivo studies showing a significant reduction of the growth rate, infiltrative behavior and tumor-associated angiogenesis of human bladder cancer xenografts. In conclusion, these results suggest that EA may have a potential role as an adjunct therapy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome 00167, Italy.
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Rosella Cicconi
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale, Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale, Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella de Martino
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Vespasiani
- Urology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Roberto Miano
- Urology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00173, Italy.
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Carbohydrate-based peptidomimetics targeting neuropilin-1: Synthesis, molecular docking study and in vitro biological activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5315-5325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Caporali S, Alvino E, Lacal PM, Levati L, Giurato G, Memoli D, Caprini E, Antonini Cappellini GC, D'Atri S. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway overcomes the stimulating effect of dabrafenib on the invasive behavior of melanoma cells with acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1164-74. [PMID: 27572607 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have proven clinical benefits in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, acquired resistance eventually arises. The effects of BRAFi on melanoma cell proliferation and survival have been extensively studied, and several mechanisms involved in acquired resistance to the growth suppressive activity of these drugs have been identified. Much less is known about the impact of BRAFi, and in particular of dabrafenib, on the invasive potential of melanoma cells. In the present study, the BRAF-mutant human melanoma cell line A375 and its dabrafenib-resistant subline A375R were analyzed for invasive capacity, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, and secretion of VEGF-A and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, under basal conditions or in response to dabrafenib. The consequences of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway on A375R cell responses to dabrafenib were also evaluated. We found that A375R cells were more invasive and secreted higher levels of VEGF-A and MMP-9 as compared with A375 cells. Dabrafenib reduced invasiveness, VEGFR-2 expression and VEGF-A secretion in A375 cells, whereas it increased invasiveness, VEGF-A and MMP-9 release in A375R cells. In these latter cells, the stimulating effects of dabrafenib on the invasive capacity were markedly impaired by the anti-VEGF‑A antibody bevacizumab, or by AKT1 silencing. A375R cells were not cross-resistant to the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor GSK2126458A. Moreover, this inhibitor given in combination with dabrafenib efficiently counteracted the stimulating effects of the BRAFi on invasiveness and VEGF-A and MMP-9 secretion. Our data demonstrate that melanoma cells with acquired resistance to dabrafenib possess a more invasive phenotype which is further stimulated by exposure to the drug. Substantial evidence indicates that continuing BRAFi therapy beyond progression produces a clinical benefit. Our results suggest that after the development of resistance, a regimen combining BRAFi with bevacizumab or with inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway might be more effective than BRAFi monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Alvino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Council of Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caprini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Pagani E, Ruffini F, Antonini Cappellini GC, Scoppola A, Fortes C, Marchetti P, Graziani G, D'Atri S, Lacal PM. Placenta growth factor and neuropilin-1 collaborate in promoting melanoma aggressiveness. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1581-9. [PMID: 26846845 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, which shares with VEGF-A the tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR-1 and the co-receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). In melanoma models, PlGF enhances tumour growth and neovessel formation, whereas NRP-1 promotes the metastatic process. Increased secretion of PlGF and expression of NRP-1 have also been involved in intrinsic or acquired resistance to anti‑angiogenic therapies. In this study we investigated whether PlGF and NRP-1 cooperate in promoting melanoma aggressiveness independently of VEGFR-1. For this purpose, the melanoma cell clones M14-N, expressing NRP-1 and lacking VEGFR-1, and M14-C, devoid of both receptors, were used. M14-N cells are characterized by an invasive phenotype and vasculogenic mimicry, whereas M14-C cells possess a negligible invasive capacity. The results indicated that M14-N cells secrete higher levels of PlGF than M14-C cells and that PlGF is involved in the invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vasculogenic mimicry of M14-N cells. In fact, neutralizing antibodies against PlGF reverted ECM invasion in response to PlGF and markedly reduced the formation of tubule-like structures. Moreover, M14-N cells migrated in response to PlGF and chemotaxis was specifically abrogated by anti-NRP-1 antibodies, demonstrating that PlGF directly activates NRP-1 in the absence of VEGFR-1. We also compared the levels of PlGF in the plasma of patients affected by metastatic melanoma with those of healthy donors and evaluated whether PlGF levels could be affected by a bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy regimen. Melanoma patients showed a 20-fold increase in plasma PlGF and the bevacizumab-containing regimen induced a reduction of VEGF-A and in a further increase of PlGF. In conclusion, our studies suggest that the activation of NRP-1 by PlGF directly contributes to melanoma aggressiveness and represents a potential compensatory pro-angiogenic mechanism that may contribute to the resistance to therapies targeting VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pagani
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Scoppola
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Fortes
- Epidemiology Unit, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Oncology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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31
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Wu HB, Wang Z, Wang QS, Han YJ, Wang M, Zhou WL, Li HS. Use of Labelled tLyP-1 as a Novel Ligand Targeting the NRP Receptor to Image Glioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137676. [PMID: 26398657 PMCID: PMC4580457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropilin (NRP) receptors are overexpressed in glioma tumor tissue, and therefore may be a potential target for imaging markers. We investigated whether labelled tLyP-1, an NRP targeting peptide, could be used as the targeting ligand for developing reagents for imaging glioma tumors. Methods The tLyP-1 peptide (CGNKRTR) was labeled with 5-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) or 18F-fluoride. A control peptide (MAQKTSH) was also labeled with FAM. The in vitro binding between FAM-tLyP-1 and U87MG cells and in vivo biodistribution of FAM-tLyP-1 in a U87MG glioblastoma xenograft model (nude mouse) were determined. The in vivo biodistribution of 18F-tLyP-1 was also determined by microPET/CT. Results In vitro, FAM-tLyP-1 was strongly taken up by U87MG cells at very low concentrations (1μM). In vivo, FAM-tLyP-1 accumulated in glioma (U87MG) tumors, but uptake was minimal in the normal brain tissue 1 h after administration. The distribution of FAM-tLyP-1 in the tumor tissue was consistent with expression of NRP1. The tumor/brain fluorescence intensity ratio in mice treated with FAM-tLyP-1 was significantly higher than the control FAM-labeled peptide 1 h after administration (3.44 ± 0.83 vs. 1.32 ± 0.15; t = 5.547, P = 0.001). Uptake of FAM-tLyP-1 in glioma tumors could be blocked by administering an excess of non-conjugated tLyP-1 peptide. [Lys4] tLyP-1 was labeled with 18F to synthesis a PET (18F-tLyP-1). MicroPET/CT imaging showed the tumor was visualized clearly with a high tumor/brain radiolabel ratio at 60 min (2.69 ± 0.52) and 120 min (3.11±0.25). Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that tLyP-1 could be developed as a novel fluorescent or radio labelled tracer for imaging glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-bing Wu
- NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhen Wang
- NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan-shi Wang
- NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-jian Han
- NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-lan Zhou
- NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-sheng Li
- NanFang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Graziani G, Lacal PM. Neuropilin-1 as Therapeutic Target for Malignant Melanoma. Front Oncol 2015; 5:125. [PMID: 26090340 PMCID: PMC4453476 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for various members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Its ability to bind or modulate the activity of a number of other extracellular ligands, such as class 3 semaphorins, TGF-β, HGF, FGF, and PDGF, has suggested the involvement of NRP-1 in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Actually, this co-receptor has been implicated in axon guidance, angiogenesis, and immune responses. NRP-1 is also expressed in a variety of cancers (prostate, lung, pancreatic, or colon carcinoma, melanoma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma), suggesting a critical role in tumor progression. Moreover, a growing amount of evidence indicates that NRP-1 might display important functions independently of other VEGF receptors. In particular, in the absence of VEGFR-1/2, NRP-1 promotes melanoma invasiveness, through the activation of selected integrins, by stimulating VEGF-A and metalloproteinases secretion and modulating specific signal transduction pathways. This review is focused on the role of NRP-1 in melanoma aggressiveness and on the evidence supporting its use as target of therapies for metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata", Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Rome , Italy
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Lu J, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Tang Y, Dong Z, McElwee KJ, Li G. Increased expression of neuropilin 1 in melanoma progression and its prognostic significance in patients with melanoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2668-76. [PMID: 25954957 PMCID: PMC4464456 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a receptor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promotes angiogenesis, tumor growth, tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the function of NRP1 in melanoma progression, as well as the effect of NRP1 expression on the prognosis of patients with melanoma remains unknown. In the present study, NRP1 expression was examined in 460 cases of melanocytic lesions (28 common nevi, 51 dysplastic nevi, 250 primary melanoma and 131 metastatic melanoma) at different stages, using a tissue microarray. The correlation of NRP1 expression with melanoma progression, and its prognostic value in patients with melanoma was examined. In addition, the correlation between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and NRP1 expression in patients with melanoma was analyzed. The results demonstrated that NRP1 expression was significantly increased in primary (56%) and metastatic melanoma (62%), compared with common nevi (11%) and dysplastic nevi (24%). Notably, increased NRP1 expression was correlated with a poorer overall, and disease-specific, 10-year survival (P=0.03 and P=0.002, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that NRP1 is an independent prognostic marker for melanoma. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between NRP1 and MMP2 expression in melanoma biopsies was observed, and their concomitant expression was closely correlated with melanoma patient survival, further supporting the hypothesis that the expression of NRP1 is associated with melanoma invasion and metastasis. In conclusion, increased NRP1 expression is associated with disease progression and reduced survival in patients with melanoma, and is a promising prognostic molecular marker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z IL8, Canada
| | - Yabin Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z IL8, Canada
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z IL8, Canada
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z IL8, Canada
| | - Ziming Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Kevin J McElwee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z IL8, Canada
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z IL8, Canada
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Ji T, Guo Y, Kim K, McQueen P, Ghaffar S, Christ A, Lin C, Eskander R, Zi X, Hoang BH. Neuropilin-2 expression is inhibited by secreted Wnt antagonists and its down-regulation is associated with reduced tumor growth and metastasis in osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:86. [PMID: 25890345 PMCID: PMC4411772 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropilin 2 (NRP2) isa multi-functional co-receptor to many receptors, including VEGF receptor, c-Met and others. NRP2 has recently been implicated in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis of many other cancers. However, its role in osteosarcoma remains poorly understood. Results NRP2 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues, and associated with poor survival of osteosarcoma patients. Knockdown of NRP2 expression by short-hairpin (Sh) RNA resulted in reduced tumor growth, metastasis, and blood vessel formation of osteosarcoma. Knockdown of NRP2 expression by ShRNA also inhibited the recruitment of HUVEC cells to osteosarcoma cells. Inhibition of Wnt signaling by overexpression of secreted Wnt antagonists soluble LRP5, Frzb, and WIF1 markedly down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of NRP2 in osteosarcoma cell lines. Conclusions Regulation of NRP2 receptor expression may represent a novel approach for treatment of osteosarcoma through retarding osteosarcoma growth, metastasis and blood vessel formation. In addition, down-regulation of NRP2 expression can be achieved by expression of secreted Wnt antagonists. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0359-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Kapjun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Peter McQueen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Samia Ghaffar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander Christ
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Carol Lin
- Department of Oncology, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Ramez Eskander
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Bang H Hoang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, The University Hospital for Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3400 Bainbridge Ave, 6th Floor, Bronx, NY, 10476, USA.
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Wang T, Xiao M, Ge Y, Krepler C, Belser E, Lopez-Coral A, Xu X, Zhang G, Azuma R, Liu Q, Liu R, Li L, Amaravadi RK, Xu W, Karakousis G, Gangadhar TC, Schuchter LM, Lieu M, Khare S, Halloran MB, Herlyn M, Kaufman RE. BRAF Inhibition Stimulates Melanoma-Associated Macrophages to Drive Tumor Growth. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1652-64. [PMID: 25617424 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the roles of melanoma-associated macrophages in melanoma resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An in vitro macrophage and melanoma cell coculture system was used to investigate whether macrophages play a role in melanoma resistance to BRAFi. The effects of macrophages in tumor resistance were examined by proliferation assay, cell death assay, and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, two mouse preclinical models were used to validate whether targeting macrophages can increase the antitumor activity of BRAFi. Finally, the number of macrophages in melanoma tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrate that in BRAF-mutant melanomas, BRAFi paradoxically activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in macrophages to produce VEGF, which reactivates the MAPK pathway and stimulates cell growth in melanoma cells. Blocking the MAPK pathway or VEGF signaling then reverses macrophage-mediated resistance. Targeting macrophages increases the antitumor activity of BRAFi in mouse and human tumor models. The presence of macrophages in melanomas predicts early relapse after therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that macrophages play a critical role in melanoma resistance to BRAFi, suggesting that targeting macrophages will benefit patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Min Xiao
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Belser
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alfonso Lopez-Coral
- Graduate Program, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rikka Azuma
- Undergraduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rui Liu
- Undergraduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara C Gangadhar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa Lieu
- Undergraduate Program, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanika Khare
- Biotechnology School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Molly B Halloran
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Russel E Kaufman
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Ruffini F, Graziani G, Levati L, Tentori L, D'Atri S, Lacal PM. Cilengitide downmodulates invasiveness and vasculogenic mimicry of neuropilin 1 expressing melanoma cells through the inhibition of αvβ5 integrin. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E545-58. [PMID: 25284767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During melanoma progression, tumour cells show increased adhesiveness to the vascular wall, invade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and frequently form functional channels similar to vascular vessels (vasculogenic mimicry). These properties are mainly mediated by the interaction of integrins with ECM components. Since we had previously identified neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), a coreceptor of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), as an important determinant of melanoma aggressiveness, aims of this study were to identify the specific integrins involved in the highly invasive phenotype of NRP-1 expressing cells and to investigate their role as targets to counteract melanoma progression. Melanoma aggressiveness was evaluated in vitro as cell ability to migrate through an ECM layer and to form tubule-like structures using transfected cells. Integrins relevant to these processes were identified using specific blocking antibodies. The αvβ5 integrin was found to be responsible for about 80% of the capability of NRP-1 expressing cells to adhere on vitronectin. In these cells αvβ5 expression level was twice higher than in low-invasive control cells and contributed to the ability of melanoma cells to form tubule-like structures on matrigel. Cilengitide, a potent inhibitor of αν integrins activation, reduced ECM invasion, vasculogenic mimicry and secretion of VEGF-A and metalloproteinase 9 by melanoma cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ανβ5 integrin is involved in the highly aggressive phenotype of melanoma cells expressing NRP-1. Moreover, we identified a novel mechanism that contributes to the antimelanoma activity of the αv integrin inhibitor cilengitide based on the inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Domigan CK, Ziyad S, Iruela-Arispe ML. Canonical and noncanonical vascular endothelial growth factor pathways: new developments in biology and signal transduction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:30-9. [PMID: 25278287 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The past 5 years have witnessed a significant expansion in our understanding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. In particular, the process of canonical activation of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases by homodimeric VEGF molecules has now been broadened by the realization that heterodimeric ligands and receptors are also active participants in the signaling process. Although heterodimer receptors were described 2 decades ago, their impact, along with the effect of additional cell surface partners and novel autocrine VEGF signaling pathways, are only now starting to be clarified. Furthermore, ligand-independent signaling (noncanonical) has been identified through galectin and gremlin binding and upon rise of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Activation of the VEGF receptors in the absence of ligand holds immediate implications for therapeutic approaches that exclusively target VEGF. The present review provides a concise summary of the recent developments in both canonical and noncanonical VEGF signaling and places these findings in perspective to their potential clinical and biological ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Domigan
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (C.K.D., S.Z., M.L.I.-A.), Molecular Biology Institute (M.L.I.-A.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.L.I.-A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Safiyyah Ziyad
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (C.K.D., S.Z., M.L.I.-A.), Molecular Biology Institute (M.L.I.-A.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.L.I.-A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- From the Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology (C.K.D., S.Z., M.L.I.-A.), Molecular Biology Institute (M.L.I.-A.), and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.L.I.-A.), University of California, Los Angeles.
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38
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MicroRNA-338 inhibits growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting NRP1 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94422. [PMID: 24736504 PMCID: PMC3988047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NRP1 as multifunctional non-tyrosine-kinase receptors play critical roles in tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of pervasive genes that are involved in a variety of biological functions, particularly cancer. It remains unclear whether miRNAs can regulate the expression of NRP1. The goal of this study was to identify miRNAs that could inhibit the growth, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting NRP1 expression. We found that miR-338 expression was reduced in gastric cancer cell lines and in gastric cancer tissues. Moreover, we found that miR-338 inhibited gastric cancer cell migration, invasion, proliferation and promoted apoptosis by targeting NRP1 expression. As an upstream regulator of NRP1, miR-338 directly targets NRP1. The forced expression of miR-338 inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, P38 MAPK and Akt; however, the expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2, P38 MAPK and Akt was restored by the overexpression of NRP1. In AGS cells infected with miR-338 or transfected with SiNRP1, the protein levels of fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin and SNAIL were decreased, but the expression of E-cadherin was increased. The expression of mesenchymal markers in miR-338-expressing cells was restored to normal levels by the restoration of NRP1 expression. In vivo, miR-338 also decreased tumor growth and suppressed D-MVA by targeting NRP1. Therefore, we conclude that miR-338 acts as a novel tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer. miR-338 can decrease migratory, invasive, proliferative and apoptotic behaviors, as well as gastric cancer EMT, by attenuating the expression of NRP1.
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Chaudhary B, Khaled YS, Ammori BJ, Elkord E. Neuropilin 1: function and therapeutic potential in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:81-99. [PMID: 24263240 PMCID: PMC11028473 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor for a number of extracellular ligands including class III/IV semaphorins, certain isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor beta. An exact understanding of the role of NRP1 in the immune system has been obscured by the differences in NRP1 expression observed between mice and humans. In mice, NRP1 is selectively expressed on thymic-derived Tregs and greatly enhances immunosuppressive function. In humans, NRP1 is expressed on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) where it aids in priming immune responses and on a subset of T regulatory cells (Tregs) isolated from secondary lymph nodes. Preliminary studies that show NRP1 expression on T cells confers enhanced immunosuppressive activity. However, the mechanism by which this activity is mediated remains unclear. NRP1 expression has also been identified on activated T cells and Tregs isolated from inflammatory microenvironments, suggesting NRP1 might represent a novel T cell activation marker. Of clinical interest, NRP1 may enhance Treg tumour infiltration and a decrease in NRP1+ Tregs correlates with successful chemotherapy, suggesting a specific role for NRP1 in cancer pathology. As a therapeutic target, NRP1 allows simultaneous targeting of NRP1-expressing tumour vasculature, NRP1+ Tregs and pDCs. With the development of anti-NRP1 monoclonal antibodies and cell-penetrating peptides, NRP1 represents a promising new target for cancer therapies. This paper reviews current knowledge on the role and function of NRP1 in Tregs and pDCs, both in physiological and cancer settings, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Chaudhary
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
| | - Yazan S. Khaled
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
- Institutes of Cancer, Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Basil J. Ammori
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
- Institutes of Cancer, Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Peel Building G25, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
- Institutes of Cancer, Inflammation & Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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40
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Challenging resistance mechanisms to therapies for metastatic melanoma. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:656-66. [PMID: 24210882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and, if spread outside the epidermis, has a dismal prognosis. Before the approval of the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody ipilimumab and the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib, no other agents had demonstrated better results in terms of overall survival than the DNA-methylating compound dacarbazine (or its oral analog temozolomide). However, most patients with metastatic melanoma do not obtain long-lasting clinical benefit from ipilimumab and responses to BRAF inhibitors are short lived. Thus, combination therapies with inhibitors of DNA repair (e.g., poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [PARP] inhibitors), novel immunomodulators (monoclonal antibodies against programmed death-1 [PD-1] or its ligand PD-L1), targeted therapies (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase [MEK] or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K]/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] inhibitors) or antiangiogenic agents are currently being investigated to improve the efficacy of antimelanoma therapies. This review discusses the implications of simultaneously targeting key regulators of melanoma cell proliferation/survival and immune responses to counteract resistance.
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Ruffini F, Tentori L, Dorio AS, Arcelli D, D'Amati G, D'Atri S, Graziani G, Lacal PM. Platelet-derived growth factor C and calpain-3 are modulators of human melanoma cell invasiveness. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2887-96. [PMID: 24126726 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms responsible for the elevated metastatic potential of malignant melanoma are still not fully understood. In order to shed light on the molecules involved in the acquisition by melanoma of a highly aggressive phenotype, we compared the gene expression profiles of two cell clones derived from the human cutaneous metastatic melanoma cell line M14: a highly invasive clone (M14C2/MK18) and a clone (M14C2/C4) with low ability to invade the extracellular matrix (ECM). The highly invasive phenotype of M14C2/MK18 cells was correlated with overexpression of neuropilin-1, activation of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGFR-2 autocrine loop and secretion of matrix metalloprotease-2. Moreover, in an in vivo murine model, M14C2/MK18 cells displayed a higher growth rate as compared with M14C2/C4 cells, even though in vitro both clones possessed comparable proliferative potential. Microarray analysis in M14C2/MK18 cells showed a strong upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-C, a cytokine that contributes to angiogenesis, and downregulation of calpain-3, a calcium-dependent thiol-protease that regulates specific signalling cascade components. Inhibition of PDGF-C with a specific antibody resulted in a significant decrease in ECM invasion by M14C2/MK18 cells, confirming the involvement of PDGF-C in melanoma cell invasiveness. Moreover, the PDGF-C transcript was found to be upregulated in a high percentage of human melanoma cell lines (17/20), whereas only low PDGF-C levels were detected in a few melanocytic cultures (2/6). By contrast, inhibition of calpain-3 activity in M14C2/C4 control cells, using a specific chemical inhibitor, markedly increased ECM invasion, strongly suggesting that downregulation of calpain-3 plays a role in the acquisition of a highly invasive phenotype. The results indicate that PDGF-C upregulation and calpain-3 downregulation are involved in the aggressiveness of malignant melanoma and suggest that modulators of these proteins or their downstream effectors may synergise with VEGF‑A therapies in combating tumour-associated angiogenesis and melanoma spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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