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Li D, Cao D, Sun Y, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cao X. The roles of epigallocatechin gallate in the tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331641. [PMID: 38348027 PMCID: PMC10859531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a disease that modern medicine has not fully understood and conquered, with its high incidence and mortality, deprives countless patients of health and even life. According to global cancer statistics, there were an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths in 2020, with the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 201.0 and 100.7 per 100,000, respectively. Although remarkable advancements have been made in therapeutic strategies recently, the overall prognosis of cancer patients remains not optimistic. Consequently, there are still many severe challenges to be faced and difficult problems to be solved in cancer therapy today. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol extracted from tea leaves, has received much attention for its antitumor effects. Accumulating investigations have confirmed that EGCG can inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by triggering apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, invasion, and migration, altering tumor epigenetic modification, and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, its regulatory roles and biomolecular mechanisms in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, and immunotherapy remain obscure. In this article, we summarized the most recent updates about the effects of EGCG on tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming, and anti-cancer immunotherapy. The results demonstrated EGCG can promote the anti-cancer immune response of cytotoxic lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), attenuate the immunosuppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inhibit the tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and various stromal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), stellate cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Additionally, EGCG can suppress multiple metabolic reprogramming pathways, including glucose uptake, aerobic glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid anabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, EGCG, as an immunomodulator and immune checkpoint blockade, can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy and may be a promising candidate for antitumor immunotherapy. In conclusion, EGCG plays versatile regulatory roles in TME and metabolic reprogramming, which provides novel insights and combined therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Li
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Pereira QC, dos Santos TW, Fortunato IM, Ribeiro ML. The Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Regulation of Ageing Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065508. [PMID: 36982583 PMCID: PMC10049696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process characterized mainly by a decline in the function of cells, tissues, and organs, resulting in an increased risk of mortality. This process involves several changes, described as hallmarks of ageing, which include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, loss of proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell depletion, and altered intracellular communication. The determining role that environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle play on health, life expectancy, and susceptibility to diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, is wellestablished. In view of the growing interest in the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in the prevention of chronic diseases, several studies have been conducted, and they strongly suggest that the intake of dietary polyphenols may bring numerous benefits due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their intake has been associated with impaired ageing in humans. Polyphenol intake has been shown to be effective in ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, among other features, which contribute to an increased risk of ageing-associated diseases. This review aims to address, in a general way, the main findings described in the literature about the benefits of polyphenols in each of the hallmarks of ageing, as well as the main regulatory mechanisms responsible for the observed antiageing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Tanabe H, Suzuki T, Ohishi T, Isemura M, Nakamura Y, Unno K. Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Matrix Metalloproteinases in Terms of Its Anticancer Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020525. [PMID: 36677584 PMCID: PMC9862901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of green tea has beneficial effects against cancer. Basic studies have provided evidence that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major contributor to these effects. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent metalloproteinases with the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix proteins and are involved in various diseases including cancer in which MMPs have a critical role in invasion and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the effects of EGCG on several types of MMPs in the context of its anticancer activity. In the promoter region, MMPs have binding sites for at least one transcription factor of AP-1, Sp1, and NF-κB, and EGCG can downregulate these transcription factors through signaling pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species. EGCG can also decrease nuclear ERK, p38, heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27), and β-catenin levels, leading to suppression of MMPs' expression. Other mechanisms by which EGCG inhibits MMPs include direct binding to MMPs to prevent their activation and downregulation of NF-κB to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β. Findings from studies on EGCG presented here may be useful in the development of more effective anti-MMP agents, which would give beneficial effects on cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Nayoro City University, Nayoro 096-8641, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Science, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 602-0893, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu 410-0301, Shizuoka, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Laboratory of Oncology, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Mamoru Isemura
- Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keiko Unno
- Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Anti- and Pro-Oxidant Activity of Polyphenols Extracts of Syrah and Chardonnay Grapevine Pomaces on Melanoma Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010080. [PMID: 36670942 PMCID: PMC9855015 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic composition of Syrah and Chardonnay grape pomaces was studied to assess their antioxidant and prooxidant properties. Polyphenols were extracted by a "green" hydroalcoholic solvent (ethanol/water 1:1 v/v), and a detailed chemical and electrochemical characterization of the phenolic compounds was performed. The antioxidant and prooxidant capacity of the pomace was first studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and other reference analytical assays, then with biological tests on B16F10 metastatic melanoma cancer cells. Electrochemical data showed that, when a +0.5 V potential was applied, a low to moderate antioxidant capacity was observed. MTT test showed an increasing viability of melanoma cells, after treatments at low concentration (up to 100 μg/mL) and for a short time (6 h), but when cells were treated with higher doses of extract (≥250 μg/mL for 12/24 h), their viability decreased from 25 to 50% vs. control, depending on treatment time, dose, and extract origin. A stronger prooxidant activity resulted when 250 μg/mL of extract was combined with non-toxic doses of H2O2; this activity was correlated with the presence of copper in the extracts. This study shows the potential of winemaking by-products and suggests the opportunity to exploit them for the production of cosmeceuticals, or for combined therapies with approved anticancer drugs.
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Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010340. [PMID: 36613784 PMCID: PMC9820274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea. Thanks to multiple interactions with cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and nuclear transcription factors, EGCG possesses a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-remodelation, and tissue-protective properties which may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly in cancer, and neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disorders. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in the above-mentioned disorders in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis.
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Sah DK, Khoi PN, Li S, Arjunan A, Jeong JU, Jung YD. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Prevents IL-1β-Induced uPAR Expression and Invasiveness via the Suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214008. [PMID: 36430487 PMCID: PMC9697952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), a primary green tea polyphenol, has powerful iron scavengers, belongs to the family of flavonoids with antioxidant properties, and can be used to prevent cancer. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors (uPARs) are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell membrane receptors that have crucial roles in cell invasion and metastasis of several cancers including bladder cancer. The mechanism of action of EGCG on uPAR expression has not been reported clearly yet. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGCG on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced cell invasion and uPAR activity in T24 human bladder cancer cells. Interestingly, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 transcription factors were critically required for IL-1β-induced high uPAR expression, and EGCG suppressed the transcriptional activity of both the ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways with the AP-1 subunit c-Jun. EGCG blocked the IL-1β-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in turn suppressing NF-κB signaling and anti-invasion effects by inhibiting uPAR expression. These results suggest that EGCG may exert at least part of its anticancer effect by controlling uPAR expression through the suppression of ERK1/2, JNK, AP-1, and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City 740500, Vietnam
| | - Shinan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Uk Jeong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Li S, Nguyen TT, Ung TT, Sah DK, Park SY, Lakshmanan VK, Jung YD. Piperine Attenuates Lithocholic Acid-Stimulated Interleukin-8 by Suppressing Src/EGFR and Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030530. [PMID: 35326180 PMCID: PMC8944659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperine, a natural alkaloidal pungent product present in pepper plants, possesses the properties of anti-inflammatory and anti-metastasis. Lithocholic acid is a monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with an alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3; it is a secondary bile acid that plays a pivotal role in fat absorption, and has been discovered to mediate colorectal cancer (CRC) cell invasion and migration. However, the effect of piperine on angiogenesis has been poorly investigated. In the current study, we examined the role of piperine on LCA-stimulated angiogenesis by measuring interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression; moreover, we revealed the potential molecular mechanisms in CRC cells. Here, we showed that piperine inhibited LCA-stimulated endothelial EA.hy926 cell angiogenesis in a conditioned medium obtained from colorectal HCT-116 cells. Experiments with an IL-8 neutralizer showed that IL-8 present in the conditioned medium was the major angiogenic factor. Piperine inhibited LCA-stimulated ERK1/2 and AKT via the Src/EGFR-driven ROS signaling pathway in the colorectal cell line (HCT-116). Through mutagenesis and inhibitory studies, we revealed that ERK1/2 acted as an upstream signaling molecule in AP-1 activation, and AKT acted as an upstream signaling molecule in NF-κB activation, which in turn attenuated IL-8 expression. Taken together, we demonstrated that piperine blocked LCA-stimulated IL-8 expression by suppressing Src and EGFR in human CRC HCT-116 cells, thus remarkably attenuating endothelial EA.hy926 cell tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Seon Young Park
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 116, India
- Correspondence: (V.-K.L.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +91-44-4592-8500 (V.-K.L.); +82-61-379-2772 (Y.D.J.); Fax: +91-44-2476-7008 (V.-K.L.); +82-81-379-2781 (Y.D.J.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.-K.L.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +91-44-4592-8500 (V.-K.L.); +82-61-379-2772 (Y.D.J.); Fax: +91-44-2476-7008 (V.-K.L.); +82-81-379-2781 (Y.D.J.)
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8
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Zhang Y, Wen J, Xu Y, Wang H, Lu L, Song R, Zou J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits replication of white spot syndrome virus in the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:445-450. [PMID: 34927260 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii is native to North America and Mexico, and it was introduced to China in 1929. The production and consumption of P. clarkii in China are the highest worldwide, reaching 208.96 million tons in 2020. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major pathogen that affects shrimp, crayfish, crabs and lobsters, and it has caused widespread loss to the P. clarkii industry. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a small-molecule compound, has a multitude of biological functions and the ability to bind to the 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LamR). EGCG has potential antiviral effects against WSSV. In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-WSSV applications of EGCG in P. clarkii. We demonstrated that various concentrations (10 μg/g·bw, 20 μg/g·bw and 40 μg/g·bw) of EGCG can suppress WSSV infection in P. clarkii. Histopathological examination revealed no characteristic pathological changes due to EGCG administration in P. clarkii tissues. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics studies of EGCG in P. clarkii revealed its rapid absorption (Tmax = 2 h), and the peak concentrations of EGCG were 73.78 µg/g in the liver and 24.87 µg/g in the muscle. Our results indicate the high potential applications of EGCG against WSSV in P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Beidaihe Central Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Hebei, China
| | - Jinxuan Wen
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Beidaihe Central Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Xu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Beidaihe Central Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Koppula S, Akther M, Haque ME, Kopalli SR. Potential Nutrients from Natural and Synthetic Sources Targeting Inflammaging-A Review of Literature, Clinical Data and Patents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114058. [PMID: 34836313 PMCID: PMC8617641 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging, the steady development of the inflammatory state over age is an attributable characteristic of aging that potentiates the initiation of pathogenesis in many age-related disorders (ARDs) including neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Inflammaging is characterized by subclinical chronic, low grade, steady inflammatory states and is considered a crucial underlying cause behind the high mortality and morbidity rate associated with ARDs. Although a coherent set of studies detailed the underlying pathomechanisms of inflammaging, the potential benefits from non-toxic nutrients from natural and synthetic sources in modulating or delaying inflammaging processes was not discussed. In this review, the available literature and recent updates of natural and synthetic nutrients that help in controlling inflammaging process was explored. Also, we discussed the clinical trial reports and patent claims on potential nutrients demonstrating therapeutic benefits in controlling inflammaging and inflammation-associated ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahbuba Akther
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea;
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6935-2619
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Tania M, Srivastava S, Ritzer EE, Pandey A, Aggarwal D, Barwal TS, Jain A, Kaur G, Sak K, Varol M, Bishayee A. Molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate in cancer: Recent trends and advancement. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:256-275. [PMID: 32461153 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is an ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG, abundantly found in tea, is a polyphenolic flavonoid that has the potential to affect human health and disease. EGCG interacts with various recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, scientific evidence has illustrated the promising role of EGCG in inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis. It has also been found that EGCG may reverse drug resistance of cancer cells and could be a promising candidate for synergism studies. The prospective importance of EGCG in cancer treatment is owed to its natural origin, safety, and low cost which presents it as an attractive target for further development of novel cancer therapeutics. A major challenge with EGCG is its low bioavailability which is being targeted for improvement by encapsulating EGCG in nano-sized vehicles for further delivery. However, there are major limitations of the studies on EGCG, including study design, experimental bias, and inconsistent results and reproducibility among different study cohorts. Additionally, it is important to identify specific EGCG pharmacological targets in the tumor-specific signaling pathways for development of novel combined therapeutic treatments with EGCG. The present review highlights the ongoing development to identify cellular and molecular targets of EGCG in cancer. Furthermore, the role of nanotechnology-mediated EGCG combinations and delivery systems will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Division of Molecular Cancer, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Erin E Ritzer
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA
| | - Anjana Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Mumbai 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla TR48000, Turkey
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton 34211, FL, USA.
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12
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Cholic Acid Stimulates MMP-9 in Human Colon Cancer Cells via Activation of MAPK, AP-1, and NF-κB Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103420. [PMID: 32408577 PMCID: PMC7279292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a crucial role in cell invasion and cancer metastasis. In this study, we showed that cholic acid (CA), a major primary bile acid, can induce MMP-9 expression in colon cancer HT29 and SW620 cells. CA increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and also activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Specific inhibitors and mutagenesis studies showed that ERK1/2 and JNK functioned as upstream signals in the activation of AP-1, and p38 MAPK functioned as an upstream signal in the activation of NF-κB. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) inhibited CA-induced activation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, indicating that ROS production by NADPH oxidase could be the furthest upstream signal in MMP-9 expression. Colon cancer cells pretreated with CA showed remarkably enhanced invasiveness. Such enhancement was partially abrogated by MMP-9-neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate that CA could induce MMP-9 expression via ROS-dependent ERK1/2, JNK-activated AP-1, and p38-MAPK-activated NF-κB signaling pathways, which in turn stimulate cell invasion in human colon cancer cells.
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13
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Chen J, Liu J, Lei Y, Liu M. Potential ameliorative effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against cigarette smoke exposure induced renal and hepatic deficits. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110202. [PMID: 31945511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollution caused by cigarette smoke (CS) seriously endangers people's health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea. In this study, rats were exposed to CS for 90 days. Kidney function was evaluated by detecting the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Liver function was evaluated by detecting the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase. The renal and hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and proinflammatory cytokines. Organ fibrosis was evaluated by observing collagen deposition via masson staining, by examining the hydroxyproline level, by measuring the mRNA levels of fibrosis-associated genes collagen (Col)-1A1 and Col-3A1, as well as by assessing the activity of profibrotic TGF-β1 pathway. Additionally, renal and hepatic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated. It was observed that EGCG ameliorated the renal and hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, EMT, as well as inhibited the activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway induced by CS. These results showed that EGCG could attenuate CS-induced renal and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglou Chen
- The Gerontology Research Center of Jianghan University, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Medical College, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- The Gerontology Research Center of Jianghan University, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Medical College, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfang Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Liu
- The Gerontology Research Center of Jianghan University, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan (Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University), Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Ramalingam A, Budin SB, Mohd Fauzi N, Ritchie RH, Zainalabidin S. Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Antagonism Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Dysfunction, and Aggravation of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1493. [PMID: 31920673 PMCID: PMC6920178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased exposure to nicotine contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction by promoting oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. These deleterious events altogether render cardiac myocytes more susceptible to acute cardiac insults such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study sought to elucidate the role of angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptors in cardiac injury resulting from prolonged nicotine administration in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given nicotine (0.6 mg/kg ip) for 28 days to induce cardiac dysfunction, alone or in combination with the AT1 receptor antagonist, irbesartan (10 mg/kg, po). Vehicle-treated rats were used as controls. Rat hearts isolated from each experimental group at study endpoint were examined for changes in function, histology, gene expression, and susceptibility against acute I/R injury determined ex vivo. Rats administered nicotine alone exhibited significantly increased cardiac expression of angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in addition to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate. Furthermore, nicotine administration markedly reduced left ventricular (LV) performance with concomitant increases in myocardial oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. Concomitant treatment with irbesartan attenuated these effects, lowering blood pressure, heart rate, oxidative stress, and expression of fibrotic and inflammatory genes. Importantly, the irbesartan-treated group also manifested reduced susceptibility to I/R injury ex vivo. These findings suggest that AT1 receptors play an important role in nicotine-induced cardiac dysfunction, and pharmacological approaches targeting cardiac AT1 receptors may thus benefit patients with sustained exposure to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ramalingam
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Teixeira J, Chavarria D, Borges F, Wojtczak L, Wieckowski MR, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Oliveira PJ. Dietary Polyphenols and Mitochondrial Function: Role in Health and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3376-3406. [PMID: 28554320 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170529101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic double-membraned organelles that are involved in a myriad of key cellular regulatory processes. The loss of mitochondrial function is related to the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Over the last decades, an increasing number of studies have shown that dietary polyphenols can regulate mitochondrial redox status, and in some cases, prevent or delay disease progression. This paper aims to review the role of four dietary polyphenols - resveratrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate nd quercetin - in molecular pathways regulated by mitochondria and their potential impact on human health. Cumulative evidence showed that the aforementioned polyphenols improve mitochondrial functions in different in vitro and in vivo experiments. The mechanisms underlying the polyphenols' beneficial effects include, among others, the attenuation of oxidative stress, the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis and the modulation of cell-death signaling cascades, among other mitochondrial-independent effects. The understanding of the chemicalbiological interactions of dietary polyphenols, namely with mitochondria, may have a huge impact on the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Teixeira
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169- 007, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park - Cantanhede, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169- 007, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4169- 007, Portugal
| | - Lech Wojtczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park - Cantanhede, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Multi-target natural products as alternatives against oxidative stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:911-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Chen CY, Kao CL, Liu CM. The Cancer Prevention, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidation of Bioactive Phytochemicals Targeting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092729. [PMID: 30213077 PMCID: PMC6164406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-known family of pattern recognition receptors that play an important role in a host immune system. TLR triggering leads to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, driving the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, an increasing number studies have shown the link between TLRs and cancer. Among them, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is associated with inflammatory response and cancer progression. Dietary phytochemicals are potential modulators of immunological status with various pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. Curcumin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 1-dehydro-10-gingerdione, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), luteolin, quercetin, resveratrol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, xanthohumol, genistein, berberine, and sulforaphane can inhibit TLR4 activation. The aim of the present review is to describe the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway between inflammatory response and cancer progression. We further introduce bioactive phytochemicals with potential anti-inflammation and chemoprevention by inhibiting TLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Li Kao
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung County 92641, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Liu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, China.
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18
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Wang YH, Dai F, Zhou B. A Catechol-Type Resveratrol Analog Manifests Antiangiogenic Action by Constructing an Efficient Catalytic Redox Cycle with Intracellular Copper Ions and NQO1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700969. [PMID: 29923292 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE As part of our research project to understand why dietary polyphenols with the catechol skeleton tend to exhibit cancer chemopreventive activity, a catechol-type resveratrol analog (3,4-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene [3,4-DHS]) was selected to probe its antiangiogenic effects and mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The antiangiogenic effects of 3,4-DHS on angiogenesis-related endothelial cell functions were examined, including migration, invasion, and tube formation, and in vivo angiogenesis on a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. The potential molecular mechanisms for the suppression of cell migration by 3,4-DHS were analyzed using various specific inhibitors. 3,4-DHS was identified as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor by constructing an efficient catalytic redox cycle with intracellular copper ions and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase I to generate reactive oxygen species and thereby downregulate matrix metalloproteinase-9. CONCLUSION This work provides further evidence that dietary catechols manifest antiangiogenic activity by virtue of their copper-dependent prooxidative instead of antioxidative role, and useful information for designing polyphenol-inspired angiogenesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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19
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Du X, Yu J, Sun X, Qu S, Zhang H, Hu M, Yang S, Zhou P. Impact of epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate on expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 and γ‑glutamyl cysteine synthetase genes in oxidative stress‑induced mouse renal tubular epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7952-7958. [PMID: 29620178 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant response mechanism of epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG) in H2O2‑induced mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (MRTECs). The cultured MRTECs were divided into normal, H2O2 (control) and EGCG treatment groups. The MTT assay was used to assess cell viability, and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), immunocytochemical and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) and γ‑glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ‑GCS). EGCG was able to mitigate H2O2‑mediated cell damage. The RT‑qPCR results demonstrated that EGCG was able to upregulate the gene expression of Nrf2 and γ‑GCS in MRTECs in a dose‑dependent manner. The immunocytochemistry and western blot analyses demonstrated that EGCG was able to increase the protein expression of Nrf2 and γ‑GCS in MRTECs in a dose‑dependent manner. Oxidative stress may lead to a decrease in the viability of MRTECs, while EGCG was able to promote the expression of Nrf2 and γ‑GCS in MRTECs, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity of the cells and promoting the repair of oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Du
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shaochuan Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shufen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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20
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Luo LJ, Lai JY. Epigallocatechin Gallate-Loaded Gelatin-g-Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) as a New Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Formulation for Topical Use in the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9380. [PMID: 28839279 PMCID: PMC5571197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that biodegradable in situ gelling delivery systems may have potential applications in the design of ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations, this study, for the first time, aims to develop gelatin-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GN) carriers for topical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) administration in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). By temperature triggered sol-gel phase transition of copolymers, EGCG-loaded GN was prepared at 32 °C and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and HPLC analyses. Results of WST-1 and live/dead assays showed that GN materials have good compatibility with corneal epithelial cells. Gradual biodegradation of delivery carriers allowed sustained release of EGCG without drug toxicity. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity studies also indicated effective therapeutic drug levels at each time point within 3 days of release. In a rabbit dry eye model, corneal epithelial defects was ameliorated by treatment with single-dose administration of EGCG-containing GN. Furthermore, drug molecules released from carrier materials could prevent further tear evaporation and loss of mucin-secreting goblet cells in diseased animals. Our findings suggest that GN carrier is responsible for enhanced pharmacological efficacy of topically instilled EGCG, thereby demonstrating the benefits of using biodegradable in situ gelling delivery system to overcome the drawbacks of limited dry eye relief associated with eye drop dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jyuan Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC.
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Xu J, Lu L, Lu J, Xia J, Lu H, Yang L, Xia W, Shen S. CD200Fc attenuates inflammatory responses and maintains barrier function by suppressing NF-κB pathway in cigarette smoke extract induced endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:714-721. [PMID: 27710895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that CD200 fusion protein (CD200Fc), a CD200R1 agonist may attenuate inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases and neuro-degeneration. While, little is known about the function of CD200Fc in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced mouse Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells (mCMECs). The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of CD200Fc on CSE-induced vascular endothelial barrier (VEB) dysfunction and inflammatory responses, which is a highly clinically relevant model of smoking related cardiovascular diseases. METHODS mCMECs were pre-treated with 1, 10 and 100μg/ml CD200Fc for 24h respectively, and then treated with 250μg/ml CSE for different times (24h or 120min). The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transport of fluorescent markers were used to measure VEB function in CSE-induced mCMECs. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining analysis were used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins, such as Zona Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1 in CSE-induced mCMECs. We measured the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CSE-induced mCMECs by using ELISA and RT-PCR. In addition, the NF-κB activity in CSE-induced mCMECs were investigated by using nuclear/cytosol fractionation and western blot analysis. RESULTS In vitro treatment with CSE increased the transport of fluorescent markers and decreased TEER levels in mCMECs, respectively, which were attenuated by CD200Fc (10 and 100μg/ml) pretreatment. The CSE-induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in mCMECs was also abrogated by CD200Fc (10 and 100μg/ml) pretreatment. CD200Fc also inhibited CSE-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation in mCMECs, such as inhibition of its DNA binding activity, phosphorylated expression, and translocation to nucleus. CONCLUSION Thus, CD200Fc exert anti-inflammatory effect and protect VEB function in CSE-induced mCMECs. The vasoprotective effects of CD200Fc may be specifically beneficial in pathophysiological conditions associated with smoking related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Xu
- Deparment of Vasculocardiology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Deparment of Vasculocardiology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jihui Xia
- Deparment of Vasculocardiology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongjin Lu
- Deparment of Vasculocardiology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Deparment of Vasculocardiology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wensheng Xia
- Deparment of Vasculocardiology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shihai Shen
- Deparment of Vasculocardiology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Gao J, Liu X, Yang F, Liu T, Yan Q, Yang X. By inhibiting Ras/Raf/ERK and MMP-9, knockdown of EpCAM inhibits breast cancer cell growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27187-98. [PMID: 26356670 PMCID: PMC4694982 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a type I transmembrane protein that is expressed in the majority of normal epithelial tissues and is overexpressed in most epithelial cancers including breast cancer, where it plays an important role in cancer progression. However, the mechanism by which EpCAM promotes the progression of breast cancer is not understood. In this study, we found that EpCAM expression was increased in tumor tissue from breast cancer patients compared to healthy patients. Overexpression of EpCAM in breast cancer cells enhanced tumor cell growth in vitro and increased invasiveness, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of EpCAM (si-EpCAM) had the opposite effect. EpCAM knockdown led to decreased phosphorylation of Raf and ERK, suppression of malignant behavior of breast cancer cells, and inhibition of the Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, si-EpCAM-mediated invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma cells required the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) through inhibition of this signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data show that knockdown of EpCAM can inhibition breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via inhibition of the Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathway and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiao Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Therapeutic properties of green tea against environmental insults. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:1-13. [PMID: 27723473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides, smoke, mycotoxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and arsenic are the most common environmental toxins and toxicants to humans. These toxins and toxicants may impact on human health at the molecular (DNA, RNA, or protein), organelle (mitochondria, lysosome, or membranes), cellular (growth inhibition or cell death), tissue, organ, and systemic levels. Formation of reactive radicals, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, embryotoxicity, neurological alterations, apoptosis, and carcinogenic events are some of the mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of the environmental toxins and toxicants. Green tea, the nonoxidized and nonfermented form of tea that contains several polyphenols, including green tea catechins, exhibits protective effects against these environmental toxins and toxicants in preclinical studies and to a much-limited extent, in clinical trials. The protective effects are collectively mediated by antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective, and anticarcinogenic activities. In addition, green tea modulates signaling pathway including NF-κB and ERK pathways, preserves mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits caspase-3 activity, down-regulates proapoptotic proteins, and induces the phase II detoxifying pathway. The bioavailability and metabolism of green tea and its protective effects against environmental insults induced by pesticides, smoke, mycotoxins, PCBs, and arsenic are reviewed in this paper. Future studies with emphasis on clinical trials should identify biomarkers of green tea intake, examine the mechanisms of action of green tea polyphenols, and investigate potential interactions of green tea with other toxicant-modulating dietary factors.
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Peng J, Lv YC, He PP, Tang YY, Xie W, Liu XY, Li Y, Lan G, Zhang M, Zhang C, Shi JF, Zheng XL, Yin WD, Tang CK. RETRACTED:Betulinic acid downregulates expression of oxidative stress-induced lipoprotein lipase via the PKC/ERK/c-Fos pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Biochimie 2015; 119:192-203. [PMID: 26542288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns raised by Dr. Sander Kersten in PubPeer pointed out that Figures 6.1B and 6.2B of this paper were different figures but the legends and Western blots were identical; the quantification was also seen to be different between the two figures. Shortly afterwards, the authors asked to publish a corrigendum for part B of Figure 6.1, including images of western blots and associated bar plots. Subsequently, the journal conducted an investigation and found evidence that there had been improper manipulation and duplication of images in Figures 2 E, 6.2 B, 5 A and and 6.2 D, as shown by the reuse of several western blot bands with approximately 180° rotation in each case. After raising the complaint with the authors, the corresponding author agreed that the paper should be retracted. The authors apologise to the readers of the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Yongzhou Vocational and Technical College, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Lv
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of South, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gan Lan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in carcinogenesis: pro-oxidant agents like tobacco smoke, asbestos or N-nitrosamines, are known as mutagenic and carcinogenic, and cancer cells show increased levels of ROS and redox deregulation. However, pro-oxidant molecules can also act as selective cytotoxic agents against cancer cells by achieving toxic levels of ROS. Although polyphenols are well-known as potent antioxidants, a pro-oxidant effect has been associated with their pro-apoptotic effect in various types of tumor cells. The aim of the present review is to present the main evidences of the pro-oxidant-related cytotoxic activity of naturally occurring polyphenols and their underlying mechanisms.
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Xia Y, Lian S, Khoi PN, Yoon HJ, Joo YE, Chay KO, Kim KK, Do Jung Y. Chrysin inhibits tumor promoter-induced MMP-9 expression by blocking AP-1 via suppression of ERK and JNK pathways in gastric cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124007. [PMID: 25875631 PMCID: PMC4398353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is a crucial mechanism of cancer metastasis and malignancy. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an important proteolytic enzyme involved in the cancer cell invasion process. High expression levels of MMP-9 in gastric cancer positively correlate with tumor aggressiveness and have a significant negative correlation with patients’ survival times. Recently, mechanisms suppressing MMP-9 by phytochemicals have become increasingly investigated. Chrysin, a naturally occurring chemical in plants, has been reported to suppress tumor metastasis. However, the effects of chrysin on MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer have not been well studied. In the present study, we tested the effects of chrysin on MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer cells, and determined its underlying mechanism. We examined the effects of chrysin on MMP-9 expression and activity via RT-PCR, zymography, promoter study, and western blotting in human gastric cancer AGS cells. Chrysin inhibited phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MMP-9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Using AP-1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotides, we confirmed that AP-1 was the crucial transcriptional factor for MMP-9 expression. Chrysin blocked AP-1 via suppression of the phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Fos through blocking the JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 pathways. Furthermore, AGS cells pretreated with PMA showed markedly enhanced invasiveness, which was partially abrogated by chrysin and MMP-9 antibody. Our results suggest that chrysin may exert at least part of its anticancer effect by controlling MMP-9 expression through suppression of AP-1 activity via a block of the JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in gastric cancer AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sen Lian
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Joo
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Oh Chay
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Gao F, Li M, Liu WB, Zhou ZS, Zhang R, Li JL, Zhou KC. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits human tongue carcinoma cells via HK2‑mediated glycolysis. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1533-9. [PMID: 25591943 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major catechins found in green tea, was suggested to play a role as a chemopreventive agent in various human cancer models. In this study, we reported that EGCG has a profound antitumor effect on human tongue carcinoma cells by directly regulating glycolysis. EGCG dose-dependently inhibited anchorage-independent growth and short-term EGCG exposure substantially decreased EGF-induced EGF receptor (EGFR), Akt and ERK1/2 activation, as well as the downregulation of hexokinase 2 (HK2). Furthermore, inhibition of EGCG‑mediated HK2 expression was involved in Akt, but not in ERK1/2 signaling pathway suppression. Overexpression of constitutively activated Akt1 rescued inhibition of EGCG‑induced glycolysis. Moreover, EGCG inhibited HK2 expression on mitochondrial outer membrane and induced apoptosis. In summary, the results suggested that EGCG or a related analogue, may have a role in the management of human tongue carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Su Zhou
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ling Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Chao Zhou
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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28
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Ding J, Wang H, Wu ZB, Zhao J, Zhang S, Li W. Protection of murine spermatogenesis against ionizing radiation-induced testicular injury by a green tea polyphenol. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:6. [PMID: 25395675 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a bioactive polyphenol in green tea, exerts antiapoptotic activity and prevents tissue damage against different stimuli. Herein, we investigated the effects of EGCG treatment to simultaneously improve spermatogenesis following ionizing radiation (IR) (at a dose of 2 Gy). Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg EGCG or vehicle control 3 days prior to the irradiation, and the treatment lasted intermittently for 24 days. Supplement with exogenous EGCG protected against short-term germ cell loss and attenuated IR-elicited testicular oxidative stress. Mechanistically, prosurvival effects of EGCG treatment upon IR stress were regulated, at least in part, via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/BCL2 family/caspase 3 pathway. Consistently, at post-IR Day 21, histological analyses revealed tubule damage, desquamation of germ cells, and impairment of caudal parameters in irradiated testis, which could be significantly improved by intermittent EGCG treatment. In addition, long-term EGCG application ameliorated the IR-induced blood-testicular barrier permeability and suppressed testicular steroidogenesis, thus exerting a stimulatory effect on the spermatogenic recovery. Collectively, EGCG appeared to efficiently prevent germ cells from radiation-induced cell death via multiple mechanisms. Employment of this bioactive polyphenol should be an attractive strategy to preserve fertility in males exposed to conventional radiation therapy and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ding
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Biao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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29
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Nam KS, Ha BG, Shon YH. Chemopreventive activity of Cnidii Rhizoma for breast cancer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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