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Stanland LJ, Ang HX, Hoj JP, Chu Y, Tan P, Wood KC, Luftig MA. CBF-Beta Mitigates PI3K-Alpha-Specific Inhibitor Killing through PIM1 in PIK3CA-Mutant Gastric Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1148-1162. [PMID: 37493631 PMCID: PMC10811747 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA is the second most mutated gene in cancer leading to aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and increased translation, proliferation, and survival. Some 4%-25% of gastric cancers display activating PIK3CA mutations, including 80% of Epstein-Barr virus-associated GCs. Small molecules, including pan-PI3K and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, have shown moderate success clinically, due to broad on-target/off-tissue effects. Thus, isoform-specific and mutant selective inhibitors have been of significant interest. However, drug resistance is a problem and has affected success of new drugs. There has been a concerted effort to define mechanisms of resistance and identify potent combinations in many tumor types, though gastric cancer is comparatively understudied. In this study, we identified modulators of the response to the PI3Kα-specific inhibitor, BYL719, in PIK3CA-mutant GCs. We found that loss of NEDD9 or inhibition of BCL-XL conferred hypersensitivity to BYL719, through increased cell-cycle arrest and cell death, respectively. In addition, we discovered that loss of CBFB conferred resistance to BYL719. CBFB loss led to upregulation of the protein kinase PIM1, which can phosphorylate and activate several overlapping downstream substrates as AKT thereby maintaining pathway activity in the presence of PI3Kα inhibition. The addition of a pan-PIM inhibitor re-sensitized resistant cells to BYL719. Our data provide clear mechanistic insights into PI3Kα inhibitor response in PIK3CA-mutant gastric tumors and can inform future work as mutant-selective inhibitors are in development for diverse tumor types. IMPLICATIONS Loss of either NEDD9 or BCL-XL confers hypersensitivity to PI3K-alpha inhibition whereas loss of CBFB confers resistance through a CBFB/PIM1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyla J. Stanland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel X. Ang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacob P. Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Patrick Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore; Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research; Singapore
| | - Kris C. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
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2
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Hassan MS, Awasthi N, Ponna S, von Holzen U. Nab-Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers-Improvements in Clinical Efficacy and Safety. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2000. [PMID: 37509639 PMCID: PMC10377238 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are one of the most useful classes of anticancer drugs. Taxanes are highly hydrophobic; therefore, these drugs must be dissolved in organic solvents (polysorbate or Cremophor EL), which contribute to their toxicities. To reduce this toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, novel formulations have been developed. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) is an albumin-stabilized, Cremophor-free, and water-soluble nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel. Nab-paclitaxel has better solubility and less infusion-associated toxicity compared to solvent-based paclitaxel. Additionally, nab-paclitaxel can be given at higher doses and concentrations compared with solvent-based paclitaxel. Based on its superior clinical efficacy and safety profile, nab-paclitaxel received FDA approval for metastatic breast cancer (2008) and NSCLC (2011). Among gastrointestinal cancers, it is now approved in the USA for treating patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas as first-line therapy in combination with gemcitabine. Furthermore, several clinical trials have suggested the potential efficacy of nab-paclitaxel as a single agent or in combination with other agents for the treatment of metastatic esophageal, gastric, bowel, and biliary tract cancers. Nab-paclitaxel has been demonstrated to have greater overall response rates (ORR) with enhanced progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and a superior safety profile with fewer adverse effects in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers. This review summarizes the advantages associated with nab-paclitaxel-based regimens in terms of improving clinical efficacy and the safety profile in upper gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sazzad Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Saisantosh Ponna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN 46526, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Basel School of Medicine, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Shen X, Wang M, Chen W, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Zhu T, Wang G, Cai S, Han Y, Xu C, Wang W, Meng L, Sun H. Senescence-related genes define prognosis, immune contexture, and pharmacological response in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2891-2905. [PMID: 37100457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the prevalent tumors worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) has obtained sufficient attention in its clinical management and prognostic stratification. Senescence-related genes are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of GC. A machine learning algorithm-based prognostic signature was developed from six senescence-related genes including SERPINE1, FEN1, PDGFRB, SNCG, TCF3, and APOC3. The TCGA-STAD cohort was utilized as a training set while the GSE84437 and GSE13861 cohorts were analyzed for validation. Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy efficacy were investigated in the PRJEB25780 cohort. Data from the genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer (GDSC) database revealed pharmacological response. The GSE13861 and GSE54129 cohorts, single-cell dataset GSE134520, and The Human Protein Atlas (THPA) database were utilized for localization of the key senescence-related genes. Association of a higher risk-score with worse overall survival (OS) was identified in the training cohort (TCGA-STAD, P<0.001; HR = 2.03, 95% CI, 1.45-2.84) and the validation cohorts (GSE84437, P = 0.005; HR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.16-1.95; GSE13861, P = 0.03; HR = 2.23, 95% CI, 1.07-4.62). The risk-score was positively correlated with densities of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells (P < 0.05) and was lower in patients who responded to pembrolizumab monotherapy (P = 0.03). Besides, patients with a high risk-score had higher sensitivities to the inhibitors against the PI3K-mTOR and angiogenesis (P < 0.05). Expression analysis verified the promoting roles of FEN1, PDGFRB, SERPINE1, and TCF3, and the suppressing roles of APOC3 and SNCG in GC, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining and single-cell analysis revealed their location and potential origins. Taken together, the senescence gene-based model may potentially change the management of GC by enabling risk stratification and predicting response to systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Shen
- Departments of gastrointestinal surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yu Xu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunwei Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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4
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Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Polymeric Micelles Using Citraconic Amide Bonds for the Co-Delivery of Paclitaxel, Etoposide, and Rapamycin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010154. [PMID: 36678783 PMCID: PMC9866473 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX), etoposide (ETP), and rapamycin (RAPA) have different mechanisms, allowing multiple pathways to be targeted simultaneously, effectively treating various cancers. However, these drugs have a low hydrosolubility, limiting clinical applications. Therefore, we used pH-sensitive polymeric micelles to effectively control the drug release in cancer cells and to improve the water solubility of PTX, ETP, and RAPA. The synergistic effect of PTX, ETP, and RAPA was evaluated in gastric cancer, and the combination index values were evaluated. Thin-film hydration was used to prepare PTX/ETP/RAPA-loaded mPEG-pH-PCL micelles, and various physicochemical properties of these micelles were evaluated. In vitro cytotoxicity, pH-sensitivity, drug release profiles, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution studies of PTX/ETP/RAPA-loaded mPEG-pH-PCL micelles were evaluated. In the pH-sensitivity evaluation, the size of the micelles increased more rapidly at a pH of 5.5 than at a pH of 7.4. The release rate of each drug increased with decreasing pH values in PTX/ETP/RAPA-loaded mPEG-pH-PCL micelles. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that PTX/ETP/RAPA-loaded mPEG-pH-PCL micelles exhibit different drug release behaviors depending on the pH of the tumor and normal tissues and increased bioavailability and circulation time in the blood than solutions. Therefore, we propose that PTX/ETP/RAPA- loaded mPEG-pH-PCL micelles are advantageous for gastric cancer treatment in drug delivery systems.
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5
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Crawford K, Bontrager E, Schwarz MA, Chaturvedi A, Lee DD, Md Sazzad H, von Holzen U, Zhang C, Schwarz RE, Awasthi N. Targeted FGFR/VEGFR/PDGFR inhibition with dovitinib enhances the effects of nab-paclitaxel in preclinical gastric cancer models. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:619-629. [PMID: 34882068 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.2011642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy regimens for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) have limited efficacy and considerable toxicity profiles. Nab-paclitaxel has shown promising antitumor benefits in previous GAC preclinical studies. Dovitinib inhibits members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family including FGFR, VEGFR and PDGFR, and has exhibited antitumor effects in many solid tumors including GAC. Based on the antimitotic, antistromal and EPR effects of nab-paclitaxel, we investigated augmentation of nab-paclitaxel response by dovitinib in multiple GAC preclinical models. In MKN-45 subcutaneous xenografts, inhibition in tumor growth by nab-paclitaxel and dovitinib was 75% and 76%, respectively. Dovitinib plus nab-paclitaxel had an additive effect on tumor growth inhibition and resulted in tumor regression (85% of its original value). Dovitinib monotherapy resulted in minimal improvement in animal survival (25 days) compared to control (23 days), while nab-paclitaxel monotherapy or dovitinib plus nab-paclitaxel combination therapy led to a clinically significant lifespan extension of 83% (42 days) and 187% (66 days), respectively. IHC analysis of subcutaneous tumors exhibited reduced tumor cell proliferation and tumor vasculature by dovitinib. In vitro studies demonstrated that dovitinib and nab-paclitaxel individually reduced tumor cell proliferation, with an additive effect from combination therapy. Immunoblot analyses of MKN-45 and KATO-III cells revealed that dovitinib decreased phospho-FGFR, phospho-AKT, phospho-ERK, phospho-p70S6K, phospho-4EBP1, Bcl-2 and increased cleaved PARP-1, cleaved-caspase-3, p27, Bax, Bim, with an additive effect from combination therapy. These results demonstrate that the FGFR/VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor, dovitinib, has the potential to augment the antitumor effects of nab-paclitaxel, with implications for use in the advancement of clinical GAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Erin Bontrager
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Apurva Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Daniel D Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Hassan Md Sazzad
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Roderich E Schwarz
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, Ny, USA.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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6
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Hu Y, Zhang K, Zhu X, Zheng X, Wang C, Niu X, Jiang T, Ji X, Zhao W, Pang L, Qi Y, Li F, Li L, Xu Z, Gu W, Zou H. Synergistic Inhibition of Drug-Resistant Colon Cancer Growth with PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor BEZ235 and Nano-Emulsioned Paclitaxel via Reducing Multidrug Resistance and Promoting Apoptosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2173-2186. [PMID: 33758505 PMCID: PMC7979685 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s290731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is a top lethal cancer in man and women worldwide and drug resistance is the major cause of cancer-related death. Combinational therapy and drug delivery with nanoparticles have been shown to effectively overcome drug resistance in many cancers. We previously reported that nanoemulsion (NE) loaded paclitaxel (PTX) and BEZ235 could synergistically inhibit colon cancer cell growth. PURPOSE To investigate whether NE loaded PTX and BEZ235 can overcome drug resistance and synergistically inhibit drug-resistant colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The in vitro treatment effect on cell viability was assayed using CCK8 kit, cell morphological change was detected by β-tubulin immunofluorescence staining, drug resistance-related proteins were analyzed by Western blotting, and in vivo tumor growth test was performed in nude mice xeno-transplanted with 2 drug-resistant colon cancer cell lines HCT116-LOHP and HT29-DDP. RESULTS Both cell lines were sensitive to PTX but relatively insensitive to BEZ235. PTX combined with BEZ235 synergistically inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines. Nanoemulsion loaded PTX (NE-PTX) reduced the IC50 of PTX to approximately 2/5 of free PTX, indicating a high inhibitory efficacy of NE-PTX. When NE-PTX combined with a low concentration of BEZ235 (50 nM), the IC50 was decreased to approximately 2/3 of free PTX. Moreover, NE-PTX+BEZ235 treatment increased apoptosis, decreased Pgp and ABCC1 expression, and reduced tumor weights compared to the single drug treatment and the control group. These results suggest that nanoemulsion loaded PTX+BEZ235 can overcome drug resistance and improve the inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. CONCLUSION Our study thus provides a possible new approach to treat colon cancer patients with drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Yongcheng People’s Hospital, Henan, 476600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Niu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Ji
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of the Ministry of Education of China, Xinjiang, 832002, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Baghery Saghchy Khorasani A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Pirsalehi A, Safaroghli-Azar A, Zali MR, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer; from oncogenic variations to the possibilities for pharmacologic interventions. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173983. [PMID: 33647255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations have been under concentrated investigations for many years in order to unearth the molecules regulating human cancer pathogenesis. However, the identification of a wide range of dysregulated genes and their protein products has raised a question regarding how the results of this large collection of alterations could converge into a formation of one malignancy. The answer may be found in the signaling cascades that regulate the survival and metabolism of the cells. Aberrancies of each participant molecule of such cascades may well result in augmented viability and unlimited proliferation of cancer cells. Among various signaling pathways, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) axis has been shown to be activated in about one-third of human cancers. One of the malignancies that is mostly affected by this axis is gastric cancer (GC), one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. In the present review, we aimed to illustrate the significance of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in the pathogenesis of GC and also provided a wide perspective about the application of the inhibitors of this axis in the therapeutic strategies of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pirsalehi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Ruan B, Liu W, Chen P, Cui R, Li Y, Ji M, Hou P, Yang Q. NVP-BEZ235 inhibits thyroid cancer growth by p53- dependent/independent p21 upregulation. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:682-693. [PMID: 32025215 PMCID: PMC6990918 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.37592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NVP-BEZ235 is a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, currently in phase 1/2 clinical trials, exhibiting clinical efficiency in treatment of numerous malignancies including thyroid cancer. Cancer cells harboring mutant p53 was widely reported to be blunt to pharmaceutical therapies. However, whether this genotype dependent effect also presents in thyroid cancer when treated with NVP-BEZ235 remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, the tumor suppressing effects of NVP-BEZ235 in thyroid cancer cell lines and in-vivo xenograft mouse model harboring different p53 status were examined. The antitumor effects were confirmed in p53 mutant thyroid cancer cells, though less prominent than p53 wild type cells. And for the p53 mutant cells, p53-independent upregulation of p21 plays a critical role in their response to NVP-BEZ235. Moreover, GSK3β/β-catenin signaling inhibition was implicated in the p21-mediated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in both p53 wild type and mutant thyroid cancer cells treated with NVP-BEZ235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banjun Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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9
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Liu JJ, Ho JY, Lee HW, Baik MW, Kim O, Choi YJ, Hur SY. Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) Signaling Synergistically Potentiates Antitumor Efficacy of Paclitaxel and Overcomes Paclitaxel-Mediated Resistance in Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3383. [PMID: 31295843 PMCID: PMC6679163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired paclitaxel (PTX) resistance limits its effectiveness and results in advanced cancer progression. This review investigated whether the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling overcomes paclitaxel resistance in cervical cancer. It was established paclitaxel-resistant cell lines (PTX-R ME180/PTX-R HeLa) and determined the combination index for paclitaxel and PI3K inhibitors (BYL-719/ LY294002) by tetrazolium dye assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. Migration and invasion were explored by wound healing and transwell assays. Genes related to multiple pathways were assessed by a western blot. It was found that the PI3K pathway was significantly activated in paclitaxel-resistant HeLa and ME180 cells compared to parental cells. PTX + PI3K inhibitor combined therapy showed a synergistic effect by strengthening paclitaxel-induced S and G2M arrest in PTX-R cell sublines by the inactivation of cyclin A1, cyclin B1, cyclin E, and Cdc2 expression. Moreover, combination therapy significantly enhanced drug sensitivity and apoptosis through the activation of Bax, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase compared with paclitaxel alone. In addition, PI3K inhibition also suppressed tumor migration and invasion by targeting β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9. The authors suggest that the combination of a PI3K inhibitor with paclitaxel may enhance antitumor activity through a cascade of PI3K signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Ho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Min Wha Baik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Oyoung Kim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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10
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Li J, Gu Y, Zhang W, Bao CY, Li CR, Zhang JY, Liu T, Li S, Huang JX, Xie ZG, Hua SC, Wan Y. Molecular Mechanism for Selective Cytotoxicity towards Cancer Cells of Diselenide-Containing Paclitaxel Nanoparticles. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1755-1770. [PMID: 31360117 PMCID: PMC6643224 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.34878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diselenide-containing paclitaxel nanoparticles (SePTX NPs) indicated selectivity of cytotoxicity between cancerous and normal cells in our previous work. Herein, the mechanism is revealed by molecular biology in detail. Cancer cells and normal cells were treated with the SePTX NPs and cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell morphology. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and biochemical parameters were employed to monitor oxidative stress of the cells. JC-1 assay was used to detect the mitochondrial dysfunction of the cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis was used to detect apoptosis of the cells. Immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting were employed to monitor changes in signaling pathway-related proteins. Compared with PTX, SePTX NPs has a good selectivity to cancer cells and can obviously induce the proliferation damage of cancer cells, but has no significant toxicity to normal cells, indicating that SePTX NPs has a specific killing effect on cancer cells. The results of mechanism research show that SePTX NPs can successfully inhibit the depolymerization of microtubules and induce cell cycle arrest, which is related to the upregulation of p53 and CyclinB1. Simultaneously, SePTX NPs can successfully induce oxidative stress, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis, which is related to the upregulation of autophagy-related protein LC3-II. On the other hand, lewis lung cancer C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of SePTX NPs in vivo. Our data show that SePTX NPs exhibited high inhibiting efficiency against the growth of tumors and were able to reduce the side effects. Collectively, these data indicate that the high antitumor effect and selective cytotoxicities of SePTX NPs is promising in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Reparatory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Yu Bao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Rong Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xi Huang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Cheng Hua
- Department of Reparatory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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11
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Kim MY, Kruger AJ, Jeong JY, Kim J, Shin PK, Kim SY, Cho JY, Hahm KB, Hong SP. Combination Therapy with a PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor and Chloroquine Enhances Synergistic Apoptotic Cell Death in Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Gastric Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2019; 42:448-459. [PMID: 31085812 PMCID: PMC6602147 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is a promising target for gastric cancer (GC) treatment; however the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors in GC has not yet been maximized. Additionally, the effect of autophagy regulation by PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors has not been clearly elucidated in GC treatment. We aimed to show that our newly developed PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, when combined with an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), potently induces effective cancer cell death in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) cells, where both the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and autophagy pathways play important roles in disease pathogenesis. EBV- and mock-infected AGS and NUGC3 GC cell lines were treated with CMG002 +/− CQ. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway mediators, cellular apoptosis and autophagy markers were confirmed by Western blot assay. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. CMG002 effectively blocked the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by markedly decreasing phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream mediator S6. CMG002 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and enhanced apoptotic cell death in AGS and NUGC3 cells, particularly EBV-infected cells compared with mock-infected cells, as confirmed by flow cytometric analyses and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assays. The combination of CMG002 plus CQ synergistically increased apoptotic cell death in EBV-infected GC cell lines when compared with CMG002 alone (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the new PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, when used in combination with the autophagy inhibitor, CQ, provides enhanced therapeutic efficacy against EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
| | - Annie J. Kruger
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114,
USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007,
USA
| | - Ju-Yeon Jeong
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Phil kyung Shin
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Hong
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496,
Korea
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12
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Roviello G, Conter FU, Mini E, Generali D, Traversini M, Lavacchi D, Nobili S, Sobhani N. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel: a big nano for the treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:669-677. [PMID: 31187168 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with unresectable GC can be treated with chemotherapy such as paclitaxel, which is a microtubule stabilizer. The use of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-ptx) avoids hypersensitivity reactions due to the absence of solvent needed to dissolve paclitaxel and it can be administered at higher doses. The ABSOLUTE randomized phase-3 clinical trial showed the non-inferiority of the nab-ptx used every week compared to the solvent-based paclitaxel used every week. This review describes the current advancements of the use of nab-ptx in GC in preclinical and clinical study investigations. The possibility of combining nab-ptx with other medications to improve response of patients to their specific molecular needs will also be debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - F U Conter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - E Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - M Traversini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Lavacchi
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - N Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
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13
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Hashemzadeh K, Jokar MH, Sedighi S, Moradzadeh M. Therapeutic Potency of PI3K Pharmacological Inhibitors of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Middle East J Dig Dis 2018; 11:5-16. [PMID: 31049177 PMCID: PMC6488499 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2018.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is considered as a possible strategy in several types of cancer, including gastrointestinal ones. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated the significance of proapoptotic and antiproliferative inhibition of PI3K. Although there are many phase 1 and 2 clinical trials on PI3K inhibitors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, the molecular mechanism of PI3K targeting PI3K/ mTOR pathway is not clear. Panclass I, isoformselective, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are under investigation. This review aimed to indicate PI3K-dependent targeting mechanisms in gastrointestinal cancer and the evaluation of related clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Hashemzadeh
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Jokar
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Moradzadeh
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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14
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Awasthi N, Schwarz MA, Zhang C, Schwarz RE. Augmentation of Nab-Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Response by Mechanistically Diverse Antiangiogenic Agents in Preclinical Gastric Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2353-2364. [PMID: 30166402 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Systemic chemotherapy is commonly recommended as a fundamental treatment for metastatic GAC; however, standard treatment has not been established yet. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of GAC. We evaluated therapeutic benefits of mechanistically diverse antiangiogenic agents in combination with nab-paclitaxel, a next-generation taxane, in preclinical models of GAC. Murine survival studies were performed in peritoneal dissemination models, whereas tumor growth studies were performed in subcutaneous GAC cell-derived or patient-derived xenografts. The mechanistic evaluation involved IHC and Immunoblot analysis in tumor samples. Nab-paclitaxel increased animal survival that was further improved by the addition of antiangiogenic agents ramucirumab (or its murine version DC101), cabozantinib and nintedanib. Nab-paclitaxel combination with nintedanib was most effective in improving animal survival, always greater than 300% over control. In cell-derived subcutaneous xenografts, nab-paclitaxel reduced tumor growth while all three antiangiogenic agents enhanced this effect, with nintedanib demonstrating the greatest inhibition. Furthermore, in GAC patient-derived xenografts the combination of nab-paclitaxel and nintedanib reduced tumor growth over single agents alone. Tumor tissue analysis revealed that ramucirumab and cabozantinib only reduced tumor vasculature, whereas nintedanib in addition significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Effects of nab-paclitaxel, a promising chemotherapeutic agent for GAC, can be enhanced by new-generation antiangiogenic agents, especially nintedanib. The data suggest that nab-paclitaxel combinations with multitargeted antiangiogenic agents carry promising potential for improving clinical GAC therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2353-64. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana. .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Roderich E Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana.,Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, Indiana
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15
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Yu T, Jia W, An Q, Cao X, Xiao G. Bioinformatic Analysis of GLI1 and Related Signaling Pathways in Chemosensitivity of Gastric Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1847-1855. [PMID: 29596399 PMCID: PMC5890825 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the prognostic value of GLI1 in gastric cancer and analyzed the possible GLI1-related signaling network in chemosensitivity. Material/Methods Bioinformatic data mining was performed by using data in the TCGA-Stomach Cancer (TCGA-STAD) and the Kaplan-Meier plotter. GLI1 co-expressed genes in TCGA-STAD were subjected to KEGG pathway analysis. The genes enriched in the KEGG pathways were further subjected to Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis. Results In TCGA-STAD, high GLI1 gene/exon expression was associated with significantly worse survival (p=0.016 and 0.0023 respectively). In the Kaplan-Meier plotter, high GLI1 expression was associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.68, 95%CI: 1.42–2, p<0.0001) and first progression-free survival (FPS) (HR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.4–2.11, p<0.0001). In TCGA-STAD, 600 GLI1 co-expressed genes were identified (absolute Pearson’s r ≥0.5). The most significant pathways were pathways in cancer (p=230.0E-12) and the Hedgehog signaling pathway (p=6.9E-9). PI3K-AKT pathway (p=17.0E-9) has the largest proportion of gene enrichment. Some GLI1 co-expressed genes in the PI3K-AKT pathway are central nodes in the PPI network and also play important roles in chemosensitivity of gastric cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying their co-expression are still largely unexplored. Conclusions High GLI1 expression is associated with unfavorable OS and FPS in patients with gastric cancer. As a member of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, GLI1 co-expressed genes are also largely enriched in PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer, which is closely related to chemoresistance. The underlying mechanisms are still largely unexplored and need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Wenzhuo Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qi An
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xianglong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China (mainland)
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16
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Li H, Chen S, Li H, Cui J, Gao Y, Wu D, Luan S, Qin Y, Zhai T, Liu D, Huo Z. Association between PIK3CA alteration and prognosis of gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7651-7659. [PMID: 29484141 PMCID: PMC5800933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between PIK3CA expression and gastric cancer (GC) prognosis remains controversial. METHODS We searchedPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies up to June 30, 2017. Primary outcomes were hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association with overall survival and clinicopathological features. RESULTS Eleven studies comprising 2481 GC patients were analyzed. Pooled analysis showed that PIK3CA upregulation was significantly associated with worse overall survival (HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.42-2.27, p< 0.001) at the protein (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.52-2.47, p< 0.001) but not the gene (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.92-2.69, p= 0.097) level. PIK3CA gene mutation did not correlate with overall survival (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.83-1.34, p= 0.666) but was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.17-0.76, p= 0.011). CONCLUSION High PIK3CA protein expression predicted poor prognosis in GC, whereas PIK3CA gene amplification or mutation did not. Moreover, PIK3CA mutation was an indicator of poorly differentiated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Shubo Chen
- Department of Surgical Urology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Jianxin Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yunhe Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dianchao Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Shangfeng Luan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Tongshan Zhai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Dengxiang Liu
- Institute of Cancer Control, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Zhibin Huo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medial University, Xingtai 054001, China
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17
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Abstract
The development of drug resistance has largely limited the clinical outcome of anti-cancer treatment. Recent work has highlighted the involvement of non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), in cancer development. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-21 in the development of drug resistance to paclitaxel in gastric cancer cells. Our study found that the expression of miR-21 upregulated in the paclitaxel resistant cell line SGC7901/paclitaxel compared to its parental line SGC7901. Moreover, over-expression of miR-21 significantly decreased antiproliferative effects and apoptosis induced by paclitaxel, while knockdown of miR-21 dramatically increased antiproliferative effects and apoptosis induction by paclitaxel. Moreover, our results demonstrated that miR-21 may modulate the sensitivity to PTX, at least in part, by regulating the expression of P-glycoprotein.
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18
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Targeted Therapies for Advanced Oesophagogastric Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Drugs 2016; 76:13-26. [PMID: 26620367 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The genomic landscape of oesophagogastric (OG) cancer is highly complex. The recent elucidation of some of the pathways involved has suggested a number of novel targets for therapy. This therapy is urgently required as with conventional chemotherapy regimens patients with advanced OG cancer still have a median overall survival of under a year. This review outlines the rationale for the current treatment of OG cancer with chemotherapy and describes both previously conducted and ongoing clinical trials of novel agents in this area. The targets and associated treatments discussed include HER-2, EGFR, VEGF, c-Met, FGFR-2, PI3K, mTOR andIGF-1. To date only two targeted treatments, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, have become part of the treatment paradigm for OG cancer, partly due to difficulties in defining predictive biomarkers in this disease. However, there are a number of promising drugs in the pipeline and this article seeks to describe these and other potential novel approaches including targeting DNA repair deficiencies and the immune system.
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19
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Zou H, Li L, Garcia Carcedo I, Xu ZP, Monteiro M, Gu W. Synergistic inhibition of colon cancer cell growth with nanoemulsion-loaded paclitaxel and PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 through apoptosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1947-58. [PMID: 27226714 PMCID: PMC4863683 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world, with drug resistance and metastasis being the major challenges to effective treatments. To overcome this, combination therapy with different chemotherapeutics is a common practice. In this study, we demonstrated that paclitaxel (PTX) together with BEZ235 exhibited a synergetic inhibition effect on colon cancer cell growth. Furthermore, nanoemulsion (NE)-loaded PTX and BEZ235 were more effective than the free drug, and a combination treatment of both NE drugs increased the efficiency of the treatments. BEZ235 pretreatment before adding PTX sensitized the cancer cells further, suggesting a synergistic inhibition effect through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for BEZ235 were 127.1 nM and 145.0 nM and for PTX 9.7 nM and 9.5 nM for HCT-116 and HT-29 cells, respectively. When loaded with NE the 50% inhibitory concentrations for BEZ235 decreased to 52.6 nM and 55.6 nM and for PTX to 1.9 nM and 2.3 nM for HCT-116 and HT-29 cells, respectively. Combination treatment with 10 nM NE-BEZ235 and 0.6 nM and 1.78 nM NE-PTX could kill 50% of HCT-116 and HT-29, respectively. The cell death caused by the treatment was through apoptotic cell death, which coincided with decreased expression of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. Our data indicate that the combination therapy of PTX with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin dual inhibitor BEZ235 using NE delivery may hold promise for a more effective approach for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zou
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezhi University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ines Garcia Carcedo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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20
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Singh SS, Yap WN, Arfuso F, Kar S, Wang C, Cai W, Dharmarajan AM, Sethi G, Kumar AP. Targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in gastric carcinoma: A reality for personalized medicine? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12261-12273. [PMID: 26604635 PMCID: PMC4649111 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer (GC) is gaining immense popularity with identification of mutations and/or amplifications of PIK3CA gene or loss of function of PTEN, a tumor suppressor protein, to name a few; both playing a crucial role in regulating this pathway. These aberrations result in dysregulation of this pathway eventually leading to gastric oncogenesis, hence, there is a need for targeted therapy for more effective anticancer treatment. Several inhibitors are currently in either preclinical or clinical stages for treatment of solid tumors like GC. With so many inhibitors under development, further studies on predictive biomarkers are needed to measure the specificity of any therapeutic intervention. Herein, we review the common dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in GC and the various types of single or dual pathway inhibitors under development that might have a superior role in GC treatment. We also summarize the recent developments in identification of predictive biomarkers and propose use of predictive biomarkers to facilitate more personalized cancer therapy with effective PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition.
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21
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Davidson M, Okines AFC, Starling N. Current and Future Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 14:239-50. [PMID: 26524924 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer remains a challenging area of oncology. Extensive trials of differing chemotherapy regimens have yielded no international consensus on the optimal combination, and overall survival with chemotherapy alone remains poor. Recently an improved understanding of the molecular drivers of the disease has opened up promising new avenues of treatment through the use of biological targeted agents. The anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was the first targeted agent to significantly prolong survival in the first-line treatment of a molecularly-selected subgroup of patients. More recently the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 monoclonal antibody ramucirumab has demonstrated a modest survival benefit in previously treated patients as both a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy and the use of checkpoint inhibitors are a further exciting area of development with promising preliminary results for the activity of the anti-Programmed Death 1 Receptor antibody pembrolizumab and ongoing trials of a number of immune-modulating agents. Continuing research to identify novel targets and therapies aims to make further incremental gains in survival. In this review we outline the evidence base supporting current chemotherapy regimens and describe the latest advances in the development and use of molecularly targeted and immune-modulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davidson
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia F C Okines
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naureen Starling
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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22
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Genomic assays for Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e134. [PMID: 25613731 PMCID: PMC4314585 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A small set of gastric adenocarcinomas (9%) harbor Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA within malignant cells, and the virus is not an innocent bystander but rather is intimately linked to pathogenesis and tumor maintenance. Evidence comes from unique genomic features of host DNA, mRNA, microRNA and CpG methylation profiles as revealed by recent comprehensive genomic analysis by The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Their data show that gastric cancer is not one disease but rather comprises four major classes: EBV-positive, microsatellite instability (MSI), genomically stable and chromosome instability. The EBV-positive class has even more marked CpG methylation than does the MSI class, and viral cancers have a unique pattern of methylation linked to the downregulation of CDKN2A (p16) but not MLH1. EBV-positive cancers often have mutated PIK3CA and ARID1A and an amplified 9p24.1 locus linked to overexpression of JAK2, CD274 (PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2). Multiple noncoding viral RNAs are highly expressed. Patients who fail standard therapy may qualify for enrollment in clinical trials targeting cancer-related human gene pathways or promoting destruction of infected cells through lytic induction of EBV genes. Genomic tests such as the GastroGenus Gastric Cancer Classifier are available to identify actionable variants in formalin-fixed cancer tissue of affected patients.
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23
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. The Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in Gastric Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1441-63. [PMID: 25003395 PMCID: PMC4190549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the key signaling pathways induced by various receptor-tyrosine kinases. Accumulating evidence shows that this pathway is an important promoter of cell growth, metabolism, survival, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Genetic alterations in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in gastric carcinoma have often been demonstrated. Many kinds of molecular targeting therapies are currently undergoing clinical testing in patients with solid tumors. However, with the exception of the ErbB2-targeting antibody, targeting agents, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, have not been approved for treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma. This review summarizes the current knowledge on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma and the possible therapeutic targets for gastric carcinoma. Improved knowledge of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in gastric carcinoma will be useful in understanding the mechanisms of tumor development and for identifying ideal targets of anticancer therapy for gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Matsuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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24
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Yuan LJ, Li JD, Zhang L, Wang JH, Wan T, Zhou Y, Tu H, Yun JP, Luo RZ, Jia WH, Zheng M. SPAG5 upregulation predicts poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients and alters sensitivity to taxol treatment via the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1247. [PMID: 24853425 PMCID: PMC4047857 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) was upregulated in pelvic lymph node metastasis–positive cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to examine the role of SPAG5 in the proliferation and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer and its clinical significance in tumor progression. In our study, SPAG5 expression in cervical cancer patients was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry; cervical cancer cell function with downregulated SPAG5 in vitro was explored using tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, and colony formation and Transwell assays. SPAG5 was upregulated in tumor tissue compared with paired adjacent noncancerous tissues; SPAG5 upregulation in tumor tissues indicated poor disease-free survival, which was also an independent prognostic indicator for cervical cancer patients. In vitro study demonstrated that SPAG5 downregulation inhibited cell proliferation and growth significantly by G2/M arrest and induction of apoptosis, and hindered cell migration and invasion. Under SPAG5 downregulation, the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells differed according to taxol dose, which correlated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway activity. In general, SPAG5 upregulation relates to poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients, and SPAG5 is a regulator of mTOR activity during taxol treatment in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Yuan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-D Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - L Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-H Wang
- Department of Chest, Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - T Wan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y Zhou
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - H Tu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - J-P Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - R-Z Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - W-H Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - M Zheng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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25
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Wu G, Qin XQ, Guo JJ, Li TY, Chen JH. AKT/ERK activation is associated with gastric cancer cell resistance to paclitaxel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1449-1458. [PMID: 24817940 PMCID: PMC4014224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) has shown encouraging activity in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, the fact that more than half of GC patients respond poorly to PTX-based chemotherapies demonstrates the urgent need for biomarkers of PTX sensitivity in GC patients. In the present work, three GC cell lines (BGC-823, HGC-27 and NCI-N87) with different sensitivities to PTX were subjected to DNA microarray analysis. The significantly differentially expressed genes and microRNAs (miRs) were identified and pathway signatures for PTX sensitivity were proposed. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis results showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the ErbB signaling pathway and other pathways. Additionally, the AKT/ERK signaling pathway, which is the pathway downstream of ErbB, was predicted to be active in PTX-resistant GC cell lines. ErbB3 overexpression and AKT/ERK activation in PTX-resistant cell lines were validated, respectively, by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Furthermore, 10 miRs were dramatically differently expressed in the three GC cell lines, and a miR-gene network was constructed from these data. Our work uncovered a reliable signature for PTX sensitivity in GC and potential therapeutic targets for GC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
- Department of General Surgery, Renhe HospitalBaoshan District, Shanghai 20043, China
| | - Xue-Qian Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Renhe HospitalBaoshan District, Shanghai 20043, China
| | - Jing-Jing Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Renhe HospitalBaoshan District, Shanghai 20043, China
| | - Tian-Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Jin-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
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26
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Liu J, Wu N, Ma L, Liu M, Liu G, Zhang Y, Lin X. Oleanolic acid suppresses aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells by switching pyruvate kinase type M isoforms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91606. [PMID: 24626155 PMCID: PMC3953484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect, one of the hallmarks for cancer cells, is characterized by metabolic switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. In recent years, increased expression level of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been found to be the culprit of enhanced aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. However, there is no agent inhibiting aerobic glycolysis by targeting PKM2. In this study, we found that Oleanolic acid (OA) induced a switch from PKM2 to PKM1, and consistently, abrogated Warburg effect in cancer cells. Suppression of aerobic glycolysis by OA is mediated by PKM2/PKM1 switch. Furthermore, mTOR signaling was found to be inactivated in OA-treated cancer cells, and mTOR inhibition is required for the effect of OA on PKM2/PKM1 switch. Decreased expression of c-Myc-dependent hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA1 was responsible for OA-induced switch between PKM isoforms. Collectively, we identified that OA is an antitumor compound that suppresses aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells and there is potential that PKM2 may be developed as an important target in aerobic glycolysis pathway for developing novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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