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Disulfiram-loaded copper sulfide nanoparticles for potential anti-glioma therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120978. [PMID: 34371152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF) is an effective copper (Cu2+)-dependent antitumor agent. In the present study, we explored use of transferrin (Tf)-modified DSF/copper sulfide (CuS) nanocomplex (Tf-DSF/CuS) for glioma therapy. Tf was used as glioma targeting motifs, DSF as an anticancer agent, and CuS as a source of Cu2+ ions and a photothermal agent. DSF was loaded on CuS by metal-chelation, and released from the nanocomplex under acidic condition. The Tf-DSF/CuS complex exhibited high cytotoxic effect in vitro. Notably, cytotoxic activity was correlated with pH triggered release of Cu2+ which initiated non-toxicity to toxicity switch of DSF. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique was used for highly selective accumulation of intravenous injected Tf-DSF/CuS in the glioma orthotopic tumor as compared with the free drugs and non-targeted DSF/CuS groups. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examinations showed that Tf-DSF/CuS effectively suppressed tumor growth, with an inhibition ratio of ~85%. Additionally, DSF load did not compromise photothermal conversion ability of CuS nanoparticles. Efficacy of the photothermal ablation therapy of Tf-DSF/CuS was evaluated under 808 nm laser irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. These findings show that copper-sulfide based disulfiram nanoparticles are effective agents for anti-glioma therapy.
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Kokolakis G, Sabat R, Krüger-Krasagakis S, Eberle J. Ambivalent Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on Apoptosis of Malignant and Normal Human Keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:94-102. [PMID: 33730739 DOI: 10.1159/000513725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that may paradoxically induce either apoptosis or cell survival. It mediates its activity through binding of TNF-receptor (TNFR) 1 or 2. TNFR1 is mainly responsible for transmitting apoptotic signals. The activation of apoptotic mechanisms can either be intrinsic (mitochondrial) or extrinsic (death receptors). Death ligands such as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) specifically induce extrinsic apoptosis, while cytostatic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) induce intrinsic apoptosis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of TNFα on apoptosis in malignant and normal human keratinocytes. METHODS Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC-13 and immortalized human keratinocytes HaCaT as well as primary normal human keratinocytes (PNHK) were stimulated with TNFα and then treated either with TRAIL or 5FU. Cell viability and cell proliferation, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were determined by WST-1 proliferation assay, ELISA, flow cytometry, and colorimetric analysis of lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. In addition, Western blotting was performed for analysis of caspase-3. RESULTS TNFα affected viability of SCC-13 and HaCaT cells in combination with 5FU or TRAIL. In contrast, TNFα did not influence cell viability of PNHK. It enhanced the apoptotic effects of both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli in SCC-13 and HaCaT. In clear contrast, TNFα protected PNHK against TRAIL- and 5FU-induced apoptosis. The effects were dose-dependent and TNFα-specific; furthermore, the apoptosis pathway was caspase-dependent. CONCLUSIONS In summary, opposing effects of TNFα in malignant versus normal human keratinocytes were observed with possibly relevant clinical implications, when patients are treated with TNFα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kokolakis
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, .,Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, .,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,
| | - Robert Sabat
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Krüger-Krasagakis
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Rapa SF, Magliocca G, Pepe G, Amodio G, Autore G, Campiglia P, Marzocco S. Protective Effect of Pomegranate on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Human Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:203. [PMID: 33573363 PMCID: PMC7911112 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a pyrimidine analogue used as an antineoplastic agent to treat multiple solid tumors. Despite its use and efficacy, it also has important side effects in healthy cells, including skin reactions, related to its pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory potential. Although there are numerous remedies for chemotherapy-induced skin reactions, the efficacy of these treatments remains limited. In this study we focused on the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice extract (PPJE) on the oxidative and inflammatory state in 5-FU-treated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT). The obtained results showed that PPJE significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species release and increased the cellular antioxidant response, as indicated by the increased expression of cytoprotective enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1. In these experimental conditions, PPJE also inhibited nitrotyrosine formation and 5-FU-induced inflammatory response, as indicated by the reduced cytokine level release. Moreover, PPJE inhibited nuclear translocation of p65-NF-κB, a key factor regulating the inflammatory response. In 5-FU-treated HaCaT cells PPJE also inhibited apoptosis and promoted wound repair. These results suggest a potential use of PPJE as an adjuvant in the treatment of the oxidative and inflammatory state that characterizes chemotherapy-induced skin side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Giorgia Magliocca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.F.R.); (G.M.); (G.P.); (G.A.); (P.C.)
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Mi-RNA-888-5p Is Involved in S-Adenosylmethionine Antitumor Effects in Laryngeal Squamous Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123665. [PMID: 33297397 PMCID: PMC7762311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death with a strong interest in identifying and developing new treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as one of the most important determinants of neoplastic transformation and progression. miRNA modulation causes significant antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo and miRNA regulation by natural compounds, represents a promising approach in the field of cancer research. S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), a natural compound and a nutritional supplement, is well known for its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in many kinds of human tumors. Here, we report that AdoMet induces ER-stress and autophagy paralleled by miR-888-5p downregulation and MYCBP and CDH1 increased expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cancer Cells (LSCC). This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms by which AdoMet exerts its effects in LSCC, suggesting the use of AdoMet as an attractive miRNA-mediated chemopreventive and therapeutic strategy against cancer. Abstract (1) Purpose: The methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) has been widely explored as a therapeutic compound, and its application-alone or in combination with other molecules-is emerging as a potential effective strategy for the treatment and chemoprevention of tumours. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of AdoMet in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC), exploring the underlying mechanisms. (2) Results: We demonstrated that AdoMet induced ROS generation and triggered autophagy with a consistent increase in LC3B-II autophagy-marker in JHU-SCC-011 and HNO210 LSCC cells. AdoMet induced ER-stress and activated UPR signaling through the upregulation of the spliced form of XBP1 and CHOP. To gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of AdoMet, we evaluated the regulation of miRNA expression profile and we found a downregulation of miR-888-5p. We transfected LSCC cells with miR-888-5p inhibitor and exposed the cells to AdoMet for 48 and 72 h. The combination of AdoMet with miR-888-5p inhibitor synergistically induced both apoptosis and inhibited cell migration paralleled by the up-regulation of MYCBP and CDH1 genes and of their targets. (3) Conclusion: Overall, these data highlighted that epigenetic reprogramming of miRNAs by AdoMet play an important role in inhibiting apoptosis and migration in LSCC cell lines.
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Jiang X, Zheng YW, Bao S, Zhang H, Chen R, Yao Q, Kou L. Drug discovery and formulation development for acute pancreatitis. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1562-1580. [PMID: 33118404 PMCID: PMC7598990 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1840665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation and only last for a short time, but might lead to a life-threatening emergency. Traditional drug therapy is an essential supportive method for acute pancreatitis treatment, yet, failed to achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. To date, it is still challenging to develop therapeutic medicine to redress the intricate microenvironment promptly in the inflamed pancreas, and more importantly, avoid multi-organ failure. The understanding of the acute pancreatitis, including the causes, mechanism, and severity judgment, could help the scientists bring up more effective intervention and treatment strategies. New formulation approaches have been investigated to precisely deliver therapeutics to inflammatory lesions in the pancreas, and some even could directly attenuate the pancreatic damages. In this review, we will briefly introduce the involved pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of acute pancreatitis, as well as the traditional Chinese medicine and the new drug option. Most of all, we will summarize the drug delivery strategies to reduce inflammation and potentially prevent the further development of pancreatitis, with an emphasis on the bifunctional nanoparticles that act as both drug delivery carriers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shihui Bao
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Children's Respiration Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Mele L, Del Vecchio V, Marampon F, Regad T, Wagner S, Mosca L, Bimonte S, Giudice A, Liccardo D, Prisco C, Schwerdtfeger M, La Noce M, Tirino V, Caraglia M, Papaccio G, Desiderio V, Barbieri A. β 2-AR blockade potentiates MEK1/2 inhibitor effect on HNSCC by regulating the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:850. [PMID: 33051434 PMCID: PMC7555890 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), involved in the development of many cancers, among which HNSCC. In this contest, β2-AR signaling interacts with different pathways, such as PI3K and MAPK, commonly activated by TK receptors. For this reason, TK blockade is one of the most adopted therapeutic strategies in HNSCC patients. In our study we investigated the effects of the β2-AR blocking in HNSCC cell lines, using the selective inhibitor ICI118,551 (ICI), in combination with the MAPK inhibitor U0126. We found that ICI leads to the blocking of p38 and NF-kB oncogenic pathways, strongly affecting also the ERK and PI3K pathways. Cotreatment with U0126 displays a synergic effect on cell viability and pathway alteration. Interestingly, we found that the β2-AR blockade affects Nrf2-Keap1 stability and its nuclear translocation leading to a drastic ROS increase and oxidative stress. Our results are confirmed by a TCGA dataset analysis, showing that NFE2L2 gene is commonly overexpressed in HNSC, and correlated with a lower survival rate. In our system, the PI3K pathway inhibition culminated in the blocking of pro-survival autophagy, a mechanism normally adopted by cancer cells to became less responsive to the therapies. The mTOR expression, commonly upregulated in HNSC, was reduced in patients with disease-recurrence. It is well known that mTOR has a strong autophagy inhibition effect, therefore its downregulation promoted pro-survival autophagy, with a related increase recurrence rate. Our findings highlight for the first time the key role of β2-AR and related pathway in HNSCC cell proliferation and drug resistance, proposing it as a valuable therapeutic molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sarah Wagner
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Laura Mosca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio, 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Giudice
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Prisco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio, 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" via L. Armanni 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", "Fondazione G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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7
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Mele L, Del Vecchio V, Liccardo D, Prisco C, Schwerdtfeger M, Robinson N, Desiderio V, Tirino V, Papaccio G, La Noce M. The role of autophagy in resistance to targeted therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 88:102043. [PMID: 32505806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative cellular process, involved in stress response such as starvation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. This mechanism balances macro-molecule recycling to regulate cell homeostasis. In cancer, autophagy play a role in the development and progression, while several studies describe it as one of the key processes in drug resistance. In the last years, in addition to standard anti-cancer treatments such as chemotherapies and irradiation, targeted therapy became one of the most adopted strategies in clinical practices, mainly due to high specificity and reduced side effects. However, similar to standard treatments, drug resistance is the main challenge in most patients. Here, we summarize recent studies that investigated the role of autophagy in drug resistance after targeted therapy in different types of cancers. We highlight positive results and limitations of pre-clinical and clinical studies in which autophagy inhibitors are used in combination with targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Prisco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy; The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy; Department of Medicine IV -Division of Clinical Pharmacology-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy.
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
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Ghosh S, Pal A, Ray M. Methylglyoxal in combination with 5-Fluorouracil elicits improved chemosensitivity in breast cancer through apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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9
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Alonso C, Carrer V, Espinosa S, Zanuy M, Córdoba M, Vidal B, Domínguez M, Godessart N, Coderch L, Pont M. Prediction of the skin permeability of topical drugs using in silico and in vitro models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104945. [PMID: 31163216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The main challenge of topically applied drugs is to overcome the skin barrier to reach the site of action at the concentration needed for efficacy. In the research of new topical drugs, design of molecules with optimized properties for skin penetration is a key factor and assays for its characterization are needed. A group of 20 representative topical molecules of clinical use were studied in two in silico models (Potts & Guy and Barratt), and an in vitro assay with artificial membrane (Skin-PAMPA). A subset of 9 drugs were also evaluated in the Franz cells assay, formulated in a solvent and in a marketed formulation. Each assay allowed us to grade compounds according to their permeability value. Globally good alignments were found for the studied compounds when comparing models, although discrepancies for some compounds such as tazarotene, tacrolimus, ketoconazole and metronidazole were observed. Overall, the studied in silico and the in vitro models are useful tools to support selection and characterization of research compounds in terms of skin permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alonso
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia -Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC) 18-26 Jordi Girona st 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor Carrer
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia -Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC) 18-26 Jordi Girona st 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sonia Espinosa
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Zanuy
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mònica Córdoba
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bernat Vidal
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Domínguez
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Godessart
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luisa Coderch
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia -Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC) 18-26 Jordi Girona st 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mercè Pont
- Almirall R&D Center, Ctra. Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Li L, Chen X, Gu H. The signaling involved in autophagy machinery in keratinocytes and therapeutic approaches for skin diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50682-50697. [PMID: 27191982 PMCID: PMC5226613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for the lysosomal degradation of proteins, organelles, microorganisms and exogenous particles. Epidermis primarily consists of keratinocytes which functions as an extremely important barrier. Investigation on autophagy in keratinocytes has been continuously renewing, but is not so systematic due to the complexity of the autophagy machinery. Here we reviewed recent studies on the autophagy in keratinocyte with a focus on interplay between autophagy machinery and keratinocytes biology, and novel autophagy regulators identified in keratinocytes. In this review, we discussed the roles of autophagy in apoptosis, differentiation, immune response, survival and melanin metabolism, trying to reveal the possible involvement of autophagy in skin aging, skin disorders and skin color formation. Since autophagy routinely plays a double-edged sword role in various conditions, its functions in skin homeostasis and potential application as a therapeutic target for skin diseases remains to be clarified. Furthermore, more investigations are needed on optimizing designed strategies to inhibit or enhance autophagy for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
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11
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Silva VR, Corrêa RS, Santos LDS, Soares MBP, Batista AA, Bezerra DP. A ruthenium-based 5-fluorouracil complex with enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction action in HCT116 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:288. [PMID: 29321581 PMCID: PMC5762908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of multifunctionalities into one compound is a rational strategy in medicinal chemical design, and have often been used with metallodrug-based compounds. In the present study, we synthesized a novel ruthenium-based 5-fluorouracil complex [Ru(5-FU)(PPh3)2(bipy)]PF6 (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine; and bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) with enhanced cytotoxicity in different cancer cells, and assessed its apoptosis induction action in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. The complex was characterized by infrared, cyclic voltammetry, molar conductance measurements, elemental analysis, NMR experiments and X-ray crystallographic analysis. In both 2D and 3D cell culture models, the complex presented cytotoxicity to cancer cells more potent than 5-FU. A typical morphology of apoptotic cell death, increased internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, without cell membrane permeability, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increased phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 activation were observed in complex-treated HCT116 cells. Moreover, the pre-treatment with Z-DEVD-FMK, a caspase-3 inhibitor, reduced the apoptosis induced by the complex, indicating cell death by apoptosis through caspase-dependent and mitochondrial intrinsic pathways. The complex failed to induce reactive oxygen species production and DNA intercalation. In conclusion, the novel complex displays enhanced cytotoxicity to different cancer cells, and is able to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo S Corrêa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Souza Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.,Center of Biotechnology and Cell therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Bahia, 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13561-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pereira Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
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Momtazi-borojeni AA, Abdollahi E, Ghasemi F, Caraglia M, Sahebkar A. The novel role of pyrvinium in cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2871-2881. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Momtazi-borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center; Bu-Ali Research Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Arak University of Medical Sciences; Arak Iran
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”; Via L. De Crecchio; Naples Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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13
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Harmse L, Dahan-Farkas N, Panayides JL, van Otterlo W, Penny C. Aberrant Apoptotic Response of Colorectal Cancer Cells to Novel Nucleoside Analogues. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138607. [PMID: 26390405 PMCID: PMC4577089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased understanding of colorectal cancer and the introduction of targeted drug therapy, the metastatic phase of the disease remains refractory to treatment. Since the deregulation of normal apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, novel nucleoside analogues were synthesized here and evaluated for their ability to induce apoptosis and cause cell death in two colorectal adeno-carcinoma cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29. Three novel nucleoside analogues assessed here showed cytotoxic activity, as measured by the MTT assay against both cell lines: the IC50 values ranged between 3 and 37 μM, with Caco-2 cells being more sensitive than HT-29 cells. Compared to camptothecin, the positive control, the nucleoside analogues were significantly less toxic to normal unstimulated leukocytes (p>0.05). Moreover, the nucleosides were able to induce apoptosis as measured by an increase in caspase 8 and caspase 3 activity above that of the control. This was additionally supported by data derived from Annexin V-FITC assays. Despite marginal changes to the mitochondrial membrane potential, all three nucleosides caused a significant increase in cytosolic cytochrome c (p>0.05), with a corresponding decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c. Morphological analysis of both cell lines showed the rapid appearance of vacuoles following exposure to two of the nucleosides, while a third caused cellular detachment, delayed cytoplasmic vacuolisation and nuclear abnormalities. Preliminary investigations, using the autophagic indicator monodansylcadaverine and chloroquine as positive control, showed that two of the nucleosides induced the formation of autophagic vacuoles. In summary, the novel nucleoside analogues showed selective cytotoxicity towards both cancer cell lines and are effective initiators of an unusual apoptotic response, demonstrating their potential to serve as structural scaffolds for more potent analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Harmse
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Nurit Dahan-Farkas
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Jenny-Lee Panayides
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Willem van Otterlo
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
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