1
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Rosiek V, Janas K, Witkowska M, Kos-Kudła B. Role of Selected Circulating Tumor Biomarkers in Patients with Skeletal Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4687. [PMID: 37510802 PMCID: PMC10380808 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the diagnostic capacity of selected circulating biomarkers (CBMs) for the early detection of bone metastasis (BMets) in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). A total of 115 patients with PanNENs and 40 controls were enrolled. We measured the serum levels of ferritin, cytokeratin 18 (CY18), CA19-9, CA125, AFP, CEA, and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M). A total of eight PanNEN patients developed BMets, and one hundred seven remained BMets-free. We observed a significantly higher level of CA125 and CY18 in BMets patients vs. non-BMets patients (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). CA125, CY18, and B2M area under receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) analyses differentiated both patients groups; CA125 area under the curve (AUC) 0.77, p < 0.01; CY18 AUC data were 0.72, p = 0.03, and B2M AUC 0.67, p = 0.02. On the basis of CBM metrics in both subgroups, we reached a sensitivity/specificity for CA125 of 75/76%; for CY18 of 75/69%, for B2M of 100/50%, for CA125, and the CY18 combination of 93/90%, respectively. According to current results, CA125 and CY18 seem to have the potential capacity as fair biomarkers for BMets detection, despite the small number of cases. Further studies are warranted in the larger PanNEN patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-014 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ksenia Janas
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-014 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Witkowska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Medical University of Silesia, 40-014 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-014 Katowice, Poland
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2
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Kang X, Wang J, Huang CH, Wibowo FS, Amin R, Chen P, Li F. Diethyldithiocarbamate copper nanoparticle overcomes resistance in cancer therapy without inhibiting P-glycoprotein. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 47:102620. [PMID: 36265559 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Copper diethyldithiocarbamate [Cu(DDC)2] is a promising anticancer agent. However, its poor water solubility is a significant obstacle to clinical application. In previous studies, we developed a stabilized metal ion ligand complex (SMILE) method to prepare Cu(DDC)2 nanoparticle (NP) to address the drug delivery challenge. In the current study, we investigate the use of Cu(DDC)2 NP for treating P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated drug-resistant cancers. We tested its anticancer efficacy with extensive in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo xenograft tumor model. We also explored the mechanism of overcoming drug resistance by Cu(DDC)2 NP. Our results indicate that Cu(DDC)2 NP is not a substrate of P-gp and thus can avoid P-gp mediated drug efflux. Further, the Cu(DDC)2 NP does not inhibit the activity or the expression of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chung-Hui Huang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Fajar Setyo Wibowo
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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3
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Barilla S, Lindblom A, Helgadottir HT. Unravelling genetic variants of a swedish family with high risk of prostate cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:28. [PMID: 35870994 PMCID: PMC9308349 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men worldwide. It is a polygenic disease with a substantial proportion of heritability. Identification of novel candidate biomarkers is crucial for clinical cancer prevention and the development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe the analysis of rare and common genetic variants that can predispose to the development of prostate cancer.
Methods
Whole-genome sequencing was performed on germline DNA of five Swedish siblings which were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The high-risk variants were identified setting the minor allele frequency < 0.01, CADD > 10 and if tested in PRACTICAL, OR > 1.5, while the low-risk variants were identified minor allele frequency > 0.01, CADD > 10 and if tested in PRACTICAL, OR > 1.1.
Results
We identified 38 candidate high-risk gene variants and 332 candidate low-risk gene variants, where 2 and 14 variants were in coding regions, respectively, that were shared by the brothers with prostate cancer.
Conclusions
This study expanded the knowledge of potential risk factor candidates involved in hereditary and familial prostate cancer. Our findings can be beneficial when applying targeted screening in families with a high risk of developing the disease.
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4
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Wang CW, Lee YC, Khalil MA, Lin KY, Yu CP, Lien HC. Fast cross-staining alignment of gigapixel whole slide images with application to prostate cancer and breast cancer analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11623. [PMID: 35803996 PMCID: PMC9270377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint analysis of multiple protein expressions and tissue morphology patterns is important for disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and drug development, requiring cross-staining alignment of multiple immunohistochemical and histopathological slides. However, cross-staining alignment of enormous gigapixel whole slide images (WSIs) at single cell precision is difficult. Apart from gigantic data dimensions of WSIs, there are large variations on the cell appearance and tissue morphology across different staining together with morphological deformations caused by slide preparation. The goal of this study is to build an image registration framework for cross-staining alignment of gigapixel WSIs of histopathological and immunohistochemical microscopic slides and assess its clinical applicability. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to perform real time fully automatic cross staining alignment of WSIs with 40× and 20× objective magnification. The proposed WSI registration framework consists of a rapid global image registration module, a real time interactive field of view (FOV) localization model and a real time propagated multi-level image registration module. In this study, the proposed method is evaluated on two kinds of cancer datasets from two hospitals using different digital scanners, including a dual staining breast cancer data set with 43 hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) WSIs and 43 immunohistochemical (IHC) CK(AE1/AE3) WSIs, and a triple staining prostate cancer data set containing 30 H&E WSIs, 30 IHC CK18 WSIs, and 30 IHC HMCK WSIs. In evaluation, the registration performance is measured by not only registration accuracy but also computational time. The results show that the proposed method achieves high accuracy of 0.833 ± 0.0674 for the triple-staining prostate cancer data set and 0.931 ± 0.0455 for the dual-staining breast cancer data set, respectively, and takes only 4.34 s per WSI registration on average. In addition, for 30.23% data, the proposed method takes less than 1 s for WSI registration. In comparison with the benchmark methods, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance in registration accuracy and computational time, which has great potentials for assisting medical doctors to identify cancerous tissues and determine the cancer stage in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad-Adil Khalil
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chun Lien
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Høiem TS, Andersen MK, Martin-Lorenzo M, Longuespée R, Claes BSR, Nordborg A, Dewez F, Balluff B, Giampà M, Sharma A, Hagen L, Heeren RMA, Bathen TF, Giskeødegård GF, Krossa S, Tessem MB. An optimized MALDI MSI protocol for spatial detection of tryptic peptides in fresh frozen prostate tissue. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100223. [PMID: 35170848 PMCID: PMC9285595 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MALDI MS imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical tool for spatial peptide detection in heterogeneous tissues. Proper sample preparation is crucial to achieve high quality, reproducible measurements. Here we developed an optimized protocol for spatially resolved proteolytic peptide detection with MALDI time‐of‐flight MSI of fresh frozen prostate tissue sections. The parameters tested included four different tissue washes, four methods of protein denaturation, four methods of trypsin digestion (different trypsin densities, sprayers, and incubation times), and five matrix deposition methods (different sprayers, settings, and matrix concentrations). Evaluation criteria were the number of detected and excluded peaks, percentage of high mass peaks, signal‐to‐noise ratio, spatial localization, and average intensities of identified peptides, all of which were integrated into a weighted quality evaluation scoring system. Based on these scores, the optimized protocol included an ice‐cold EtOH+H2O wash, a 5 min heating step at 95°C, tryptic digestion incubated for 17h at 37°C and CHCA matrix deposited at a final amount of 1.8 μg/mm2. Including a heat‐induced protein denaturation step after tissue wash is a new methodological approach that could be useful also for other tissue types. This optimized protocol for spatial peptide detection using MALDI MSI facilitates future biomarker discovery in prostate cancer and may be useful in studies of other tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese S Høiem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria K Andersen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marta Martin-Lorenzo
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britt S R Claes
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Nordborg
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frédéric Dewez
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marco Giampà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Modomics, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of radiology and nuclear medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F Giskeødegård
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sebastian Krossa
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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6
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Gao Z, Long Y, Wu Y, Pu Y, Xue F. LncRNA LINC02253 activates KRT18/MAPK/ERK pathway by mediating N6-methyladenosine modification of KRT18 mRNA in gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:419-429. [PMID: 35136989 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in gastric cancer (GC) progression. And understanding the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in tumorigenesis is an emerging field in cancer research. Here, we identified a novel oncogene, lncRNA LINC02253, in GC. LINC02253 expression was found to be significantly increased in GC. And LINC02253 expression was closely correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of GC. Besides, GC patients with higher LINC02253 expression had worse 5-year overall survival. Additionally, LINC02253 promoted GC cell growth, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we determined that LINC02253 increased KRT18 expression through enhancing the stability of KRT18 mRNA. Furthermore, LINC02253 increased m6A modification of KRT18 mRNA to stabilize KRT18 mRNA by recruiting m6A writer METTL3. And, rescue experiments revealed that KRT18 mediated the effects of LINC02253 on growth, migration and invasion of GC cells through activating MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrates that oncogenic lncRNA LINC02253 positively regulates GC growth and metastasis via increasing METTL3-mediated mRNA stability of KRT18, extending the understanding of GC pathogenesis regulated by lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzhan Gao
- The second Department of general surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanbin Long
- The second Department of general surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- The second Department of general surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yansong Pu
- The second Department of general surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Xue
- The second Department of general surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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7
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Urano-Takaoka M, Sumida H, Miyagawa T, Awaji K, Nagai K, Omatsu J, Miyake T, Sato S. Serum Cytokeratin 18 as a Metastatic and Therapeutic Marker for Extramammary Paget's Disease. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 102:adv00636. [PMID: 34904690 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma with unfavorable prognosis once it becomes invasive. A tumor marker that reflects disease progression is required for adequate management of this disease. Cytokeratin 18 is highly expressed in many types of cancer and its soluble forms are detected by M30 (for caspase-cleaved form) and M65 (for both caspase-cleaved and intact forms) assays. Here, we report that tumor cells of EMPD in both lesional skin and lymph node metastasis are positive for CK18 immunohistochemically and the baseline serum M30 and M65 levels in metastatic EMPD patients are significantly higher than those in non-metastatic patients. In addition, serial serum M30 and M65 levels might reflect recurrence of EMPD and response to chemotherapy. These results suggest that serum CK18 levels may be a useful tumor marker for advanced EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayakazu Sumida
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-8655 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takuya Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, , Japan.
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8
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Chen B, Xu X, Lin DD, Chen X, Xu YT, Liu X, Dong WG. KRT18 Modulates Alternative Splicing of Genes Involved in Proliferation and Apoptosis Processes in Both Gastric Cancer Cells and Clinical Samples. Front Genet 2021; 12:635429. [PMID: 34290732 PMCID: PMC8287183 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.635429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 18 (KRT18), one of the most abundant keratins in epithelial and endothelial cells, has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in many malignancies and extensively regarded as a biomarker and important regulator in multiple cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). But the molecular regulatory mechanisms of KRT18 in GC patients and cells are largely unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the expression level of KRT18 in 450 stomach adenocarcinoma tissue samples from TCGA database and found a significantly higher expression level in tumor tissues. We then explored the potential functions of KRT18 in AGS cells (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) by KRT18 knockdown using siRNA and whole transcriptome RNA-seq analysis. Notably, KRT18 selectively regulates expression of cell proliferation and apoptotic genes. Beyond this, KRT18 affects the alternative splicing of genes enriched in apoptosis, cell cycle, and other cancer-related pathways, which were then validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach. We validated KRT18-KD promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in AGS cells. We then used RNA-seq data of GC samples to further demonstrate the modulation of KRT18 on alternative splicing regulation. These results together support the conclusion that KRT18 extensively modulates diverse alternative splicing events of genes enriched in proliferation and apoptosis processes. And the dysregulated splicing factors at transcriptional or posttranscriptional level by KRT18 may contribute to the alternative splicing change of many genes, which expands the functional importance of keratins in apoptotic and cell cycle pathways at the posttranscriptional level in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-dan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-tao Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Calaf GM, Bleak TC, Roy D. Signs of carcinogenicity induced by parathion, malathion, and estrogen in human breast epithelial cells (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:24. [PMID: 33649804 PMCID: PMC7905528 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multistep process that may be induced by a variety of compounds. Environmental substances, such as pesticides, have been associated with different human diseases. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are among the most commonly used insecticides. Despite the fact that organophosphorus has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly hormone-mediated cancer, few prospective studies have examined the use of individual insecticides. Reported results have demonstrated that OPs and estrogen induce a cascade of events indicative of the transformation of human breast epithelial cells. In vitro studies analyzing an immortalized non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line may provide us with an approach to analyzing cell transformation under the effects of OPs in the presence of estrogen. The results suggested hormone-mediated effects of these insecticides on the risk of cancer among women. It can be concluded that, through experimental models, the initiation of cancer can be studied by analyzing the steps that transform normal breast cells to malignant ones through certain substances, such as pesticides and estrogen. Such substances cause genomic instability, and therefore tumor formation in the animal, and signs of carcinogenesis in vitro. Cancer initiation has been associated with an increase in genomic instability, indicated by the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes in the presence of malathion, parathion, and estrogen. In the present study, a comprehensive summary of the impact of OPs in human and rat breast cancer, specifically their effects on the cell cycle, signaling pathways linked to epidermal growth factor, drug metabolism, and genomic instability in an MCF-10F estrogen receptor-negative breast cell line is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Tammy C Bleak
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hostos Community College of The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
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10
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Liu T, Liu H, Wang P, Hu Y, Yang R, Liu F, Kim HG, Dong Z, Liu K. Honokiol Inhibits Melanoma Growth by Targeting Keratin 18 in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603472. [PMID: 33330500 PMCID: PMC7732543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol, a natural compound, derived from Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to have anti-cancer effect in several cancer types. However, the underlying molecular mechanism associated with its anti-cancer properties has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we showed that honokiol inhibited the growth of melanoma cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it directly interacts with keratin 18 (KRT18) protein and induces its degradation through ubiquitination. Furthermore, the expression of KRT18 was found to be higher in melanoma tissues compared to the normal skin tissues. In addition, KRT18 overexpression significantly promoted melanoma cell proliferation and growth. Our results showed that honokiol treatment significantly decreased KRT18 protein level and suppressed the tumor growth in melanoma cell-derived xenograft mice models. Hence, KRT18 plays an oncogenic role in melanoma and honokiol can be an inhibitor for KRT18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Penglei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yamei Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Yang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Gyum Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Shi R, Liu L, Wang F, He Y, Niu Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang H, Chen M, Wang Y. Downregulation of cytokeratin 18 induces cellular partial EMT and stemness through increasing EpCAM expression in breast cancer. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109810. [PMID: 33069797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics underlie the development of metastasis, chemoresistance, and tumor recurrence in breast cancer. Downregulation of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) is a critical molecular event of EMT; however, its importance in the induction of EMT and CSC features has not been defined to date. This study aimed to investigate the biological significance and underlying molecular mechanisms of CK18 in inducing EMT phenotype and stemness properties of breast cancer cells. Three breast cancer cell lines (i.e., non-metastatic MCF-7, highly metastatic MDA-MB-231, and mitoxantrone (MX)-selected resistant MCF-7/MX cells) and two CK18-knockdown stable cell clones (MCF-7-shCK18-7D and 3C) were used to determine the association between CK18 and EMT and stemness. CK18 expression was extremely low in highly metastatic, resistant, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-treated breast cancer cells with mesenchymal phenotype and increased expression of CSC markers. Depletion of CK18 promoted partial EMT and the acquisition of stemness properties in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, CK18 interference in MCF-7 cells activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, resulting in the up-regulation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Consistently, the stemness properties and metastasis can be attenuated by further knockdown of EpCAM in CK18-depleted cells. In conclusion, downregulation of CK18 promotes partial EMT and enhances breast cancer stemness by increasing EpCAM expression partly via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings indicate that CK18 may serve as a potential treatment target for advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Linhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanan Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xuanping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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12
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Hashiguchi M, Masuda M, Kai K, Nakao Y, Kawaguchi A, Yokoyama M, Aishima S. Decreased cytokeratin 7 expression correlates with the progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and poor patient outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2228-2236. [PMID: 31502345 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify potential biomarkers for tumor progression and patient outcomes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS We examined the expressions of CK7 and CK17 as potential markers of the squamo-columnar junction, and podoplanin as a basal cell marker using surgical and biopsy samples of patients in grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 30), operable invasive carcinoma (OP group, n = 53) and inoperable invasive carcinoma before radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (RC group, n = 76). RESULTS The positive rates of CK7 and podoplanin in invasive carcinoma were significantly lower than those in grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001). The positive rates of CK7 and podoplanin in the RC group were significantly lower than those in the OP group (P < 0.0001, P = 0.04), while CK17 expression showed significantly higher positivity in the RC group than in the OP group (P < 0.0001). Negative CK7 expression showed a potential impact on overall survival in early-stage patients. In the RC group, the prevalence of cases with post-therapeutic residual carcinoma cells was higher in the CK7-negative group than in the positive group (P = 0.003). We found that decreased expression of CK7 could be a prognostic factor in early-stage cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSION This result may provide strategies and suggestions for new treatment options and follow-up practices in managing patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hashiguchi
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masanori Masuda
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keita Kai
- Department of Pathology, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nakao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
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13
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KRT18 is correlated with the malignant status and acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190884. [PMID: 31345960 PMCID: PMC6692566 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 18 (KRT18) has been suggested to be overexpressed in most types of human tumor, but the expression pattern of KRT18 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remained unknown. In our research, KRT18 protein expression was markedly increased in CRC cancer tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal colorectal tissues and normal colonic epithelial cell line, respectively. Meanwhile, we observed high KRT18 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage, deep tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, poor differentiation and unfavorable prognosis in CRC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed high expression of KRT18 was an unfavorable independent predictor for overall survival in CRC patients. The in vitro studies indicated down-regulation of KRT18 expression depressed CRC cell viability, migration and invasion. In conclusion, KRT18 serves as an oncogenic role in CRC progression and may be a therapeutic target for promoting CRC patients' prognosis.
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14
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Qian Y, Zhang L, Cai M, Li H, Xu H, Yang H, Zhao Z, Rhie SK, Farnham PJ, Shi J, Lu W. The prostate cancer risk variant rs55958994 regulates multiple gene expression through extreme long-range chromatin interaction to control tumor progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw6710. [PMID: 31328168 PMCID: PMC6636982 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs55958994 as a significant variant associated with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms by which this SNP mediates increased risk to cancer are still unknown. In this study, we show that this variant is located in an enhancer active in prostate cancer cells. Deletion of this enhancer from prostate tumor cells resulted in decreased tumor initiation, tumor growth, and invasive migration, as well as a loss of stem-like cells. Using a combination of capture chromosome conformation capture (Capture-C) and RNA sequencing, we identified genes on the same and different chromosomes as targets regulated by the enhancer. Furthermore, we show that expression of individual candidate target genes in an enhancer-deleted cell line rescued different aspects of tumorigenesis. Our data suggest that the rs55958994-associated enhancer affects prostate cancer progression by influencing expression of multiple genes via long-range chromatin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyang Cai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Heming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Hongzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Peggy J. Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jiandang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Wange Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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15
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Cheng Y, Qin K, Huang N, Zhou Z, Xiong H, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Yu S. Cytokeratin 18 regulates the transcription and alternative splicing of apoptotic‑related genes and pathways in HeLa cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:301-312. [PMID: 31115582 PMCID: PMC6549092 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokeratin 18 (CK18), one of the major components of intermediate filaments (IF) in simple epithelial cells, undergoes caspase-mediated cleavage upon epithelial cell necrosis and apoptosis. CK18 has been used as a biomarker of several cancers and has been reported to be dysregulated in cervical cancers. The effects of dysregulated expression of CK18 at a molecular level are, however, unclear. In the present study, the function of CK18 in HeLa cells, a cell line derived from a cervical cancer cells, was investigated using shRNA knockdown. Reduced levels of CK18 led to a significant decrease in cell apoptosis, compared with control cells. Notably, RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptomes of HeLa cells, with or without CK18 knockdown, revealed that genes in the NF-κB pathway, and certain apoptosis pathways, were under global transcriptional and alternative splicing regulation. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the CK18-regulated transcription of apoptotic genes FAS and FADD, as well as immune genes CXCL2 and CD79B, in addition to alternative splicing of FAS and CTNNB1. Western blot analysis further revealed that CK18 knockdown led to reduced expression of CASP8. In conclusion, the present study indicated that CK18 played a role in apoptosis, which may be mediated via a feed-back regulation loop and may involve regulation of transcription and alternative splicing of a number of genes in apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife, Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, East Lake High‑Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory for Genome Regulation and Human Health, ABLife, Inc., Optics Valley International Biomedical Park, East Lake High‑Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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16
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Namekawa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Application of Prostate Cancer Models for Preclinical Study: Advantages and Limitations of Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenografts, and Three-Dimensional Culture of Patient-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010074. [PMID: 30669516 PMCID: PMC6357050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various preclinical models have been developed to clarify the pathophysiology of prostate cancer (PCa). Traditional PCa cell lines from clinical metastatic lesions, as exemplified by DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells, are useful tools to define mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Cell line-based experiments, however, have limitations for preclinical studies because those cells are basically adapted to 2-dimensional monolayer culture conditions, in which the majority of primary PCa cells cannot survive. Recent tissue engineering enables generation of PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from both primary and metastatic lesions. Compared with fresh PCa tissue transplantation in athymic mice, co-injection of PCa tissues with extracellular matrix in highly immunodeficient mice has remarkably improved the success rate of PDX generation. PDX models have advantages to appropriately recapitulate the molecular diversity, cellular heterogeneity, and histology of original patient tumors. In contrast to PDX models, patient-derived organoid and spheroid PCa models in 3-dimensional culture are more feasible tools for in vitro studies for retaining the characteristics of patient tumors. In this article, we review PCa preclinical model cell lines and their sublines, PDXs, and patient-derived organoid and spheroid models. These PCa models will be applied to the development of new strategies for cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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17
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Gravina GL, Mancini A, Colapietro A, Marampon F, Sferra R, Pompili S, Biordi LA, Iorio R, Flati V, Argueta C, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Festuccia C. Pharmacological treatment with inhibitors of nuclear export enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111225-111245. [PMID: 29340049 PMCID: PMC5762317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Docetaxel (DTX) modestly increases patient survival of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) due to insurgence of pharmacological resistance. Deregulation of Chromosome Region Maintenance (CRM-1)/ exportin-1 (XPO-1)-mediated nuclear export may play a crucial role in this phenomenon. Material and methods Here, we evaluated the effects of two Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds, selinexor (KPT-330) and KPT-251, in association with DTX by using 22rv1, PC3 and DU145 cell lines with their. DTX resistant derivatives. Results and conclusions We show that DTX resistance may involve overexpression of β-III tubulin (TUBB3) and P-glycoprotein as well as increased cytoplasmic accumulation of Foxo3a. Increased levels of XPO-1 were also observed in DTX resistant cells suggesting that SINE compounds may modulate DTX effectiveness in sensitive cells as well as restore the sensitivity to DTX in resistant ones. Pretreatment with SINE compounds, indeed, sensitized to DTX through increased tumor shrinkage and apoptosis by preventing DTX-induced cell cycle arrest. Basally SINE compounds induce FOXO3a activation and nuclear accumulation increasing the expression of FOXO-responsive genes including p21, p27 and Bim causing cell cycle arrest. SINE compounds-catenin and survivin supporting apoptosis. βdown-regulated Cyclin D1, c-myc, Nuclear sequestration of p-Foxo3a was able to reduce ABCB1 and TUBB3 H2AX levels, prolonged γ expression. Selinexor treatment increased DTX-mediated double strand breaks (DSB), and reduced the levels of DNA repairing proteins including DNA PKc and Topo2A. Our results provide supportive evidence for the therapeutic use of SINE compounds in combination with DTX suggesting their clinical use in mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leda Assunta Biordi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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