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Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Manzi MV, Cervi E, Mone P, Santulli G. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Bromelain: Applications, Benefits, and Mechanisms. Nutrients 2024; 16:2060. [PMID: 38999808 PMCID: PMC11243481 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes primarily extracted from the fruit and stem of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It has a long history of traditional medicinal use in various cultures, particularly in Central and South America, where pineapple is native. This systematic review will delve into the history, structure, chemical properties, and medical indications of bromelain. Bromelain was first isolated and described in the late 19th century by researchers in Europe, who identified its proteolytic properties. Since then, bromelain has gained recognition in both traditional and modern medicine for its potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria V. Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cervi
- Vein Clinic, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Casa di Cura “Montevergine”, 83013 Avellino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Alves Nobre T, de Sousa AA, Pereira IC, Carvalho Pedrosa-Santos ÁM, Lopes LDO, Debia N, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Islam MT, Castro E Sousa JMD, Torres-Leal FL. Bromelain as a natural anti-inflammatory drug: a systematic review. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38676413 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2342553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex and necessary mechanism of an organ's response to biological, chemical and/or physical stimuli. In recent years, investigations on natural compounds with therapeutic actions for the treatment of different diseases have increased. Among these compounds, bromelain is highlighted, as a cysteine protease isolated from the Ananas comosus (pineapple) stem. This review aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of bromelain, as well as its pathways on inflammatory mediators, through a systematic review with in vitro studies on different cell lines. The search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Bromelain reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion when immune cells were already stimulated in an overproduction condition by proinflammatory cytokines, generating a modulation in the inflammatory response through prostaglandins reduction and activation of a cascade reactions that trigger neutrophils and macrophages, in addition to accelerating the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taline Alves Nobre
- Toxicological Genetics Research Laboratory (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Athanara Alves de Sousa
- Toxicological Genetics Research Laboratory (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Irislene Costa Pereira
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Álina Mara Carvalho Pedrosa-Santos
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Luana de Oliveira Lopes
- Toxicological Genetics Research Laboratory (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Nicole Debia
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- BioLuster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Toxicological Genetics Research Laboratory (LAPGENIC), Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Sapkota R, Munt DJ, Kincaid AE, Dash AK. Liposomes and transferosomes in the delivery of papain for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290224. [PMID: 38100466 PMCID: PMC10723692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are characterized by an excessive collagen deposition. The available treatment options are invasive and can result in recurrence of scar formation. Using liposomes and transferosomes for the topical delivery of papain, a proteolytic enzyme, can be effective treatment. The objective of the study is to formulate papain-loaded liposomes and transferosomes, characterize the formulations, and study in vitro permeation using shed snake skin and Sprague-Dawley rat skin as models for stratum corneum and full thickness skin. Papain-loaded liposomes and transferosomes were formulated using the thin-film hydration method for the delivery of papain across the stratum corneum barrier. An in vitro permeation study carried out using shed-snake skin and Sprague-Dawley rat skin models showed that transferosomes were able to deliver papain across the stratum corneum barrier, while papain solution and papain liposomes were not able to cross the barrier. However, transferosomes were not able to deliver papain across the full thickness rat skin model suggesting the deposition of papain loaded transferosomes in the epidermal or dermal layer of skin. In addition, an ex-vivo model was used to analyze the effect of papain exposure on the morphology of the epidermis taken from rat skin exposed to papain solution, papain in transferosomes and papain in liposomes. Papain in solution resulted in a noticeable degradation of the epidermis, but when embedded in either transferosomes or liposomes there was no noticeable change when compared to control animals. The cytotoxicity study performed using HeLa cells showed that the cells were viable at papain concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Munt
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Anthony E. Kincaid
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Alekha K. Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Proteins and their functionalization for finding therapeutic avenues in cancer: Current status and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188862. [PMID: 36791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advancement in the health care sector, cancer remains the second most fatal disease globally. The existing conventional cancer treatments primarily include chemotherapy, which has been associated with little to severe side effects, and radiotherapy, which is usually expensive. To overcome these problems, target-specific nanocarriers have been explored for delivering chemo drugs. However, recent reports on using a few proteins having anticancer activity and further use of them as drug carriers have generated tremendous attention for furthering the research towards cancer therapy. Biomolecules, especially proteins, have emerged as suitable alternatives in cancer treatment due to multiple favourable properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural flexibility for easy surface functionalization. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that various proteins derived from animal, plant, and bacterial species, demonstrated strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against malignant cells in native and their different structural conformations. Moreover, surface tunable properties of these proteins help to bind a range of anticancer drugs and target ligands, thus making them efficient delivery agents in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss various proteins obtained from common exogenous sources and how they transform into effective anticancer agents. We also comprehensively discuss the tumor-killing mechanisms of different dietary proteins such as bovine α-lactalbumin, hen egg-white lysozyme, and their conjugates. We also articulate how protein nanostructures can be used as carriers for delivering cancer drugs and theranostics, and strategies to be adopted for improving their in vivo delivery and targeting. We further discuss the FDA-approved protein-based anticancer formulations along with those in different phases of clinical trials.
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ACE2-Inhibitory Effects of Bromelain and Ficin in Colon Cancer Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020301. [PMID: 36837502 PMCID: PMC9962737 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bromelain and ficin are aqueous extracts from fruits of Ananas comosus and Ficus carcia plants, used widely for medical applications. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE, degrading Ang II to angiotensin 1-7 and decreasing the cellular concentration of Ang II. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated the ACE2-inhibitory, antiproliferative, and apoptosis-inducing effects of ficin and bromelain on caco-2 cells. Results: We found that bromelain and ficin significantly reduced the viability of human colon cancer cells with IC50 value concentrations of 8.8 and 4.2 mg/mL for bromelain after 24 and 48 h treatments, and 8.8 and 4.2 mg/mL for ficin after 24 and 48 h treatments, respectively. The apoptosis of the caco-2 cell line treated with bromelain was 81.04% and 56.70%, observed after 24 and 48 h. Total apoptotic proportions in caco-2 cells treated with ficin after 24 and 48 h were 83.7% and 73.0%. An amount of 1.6 mg/mL of bromelain and ficin treatments on caco-2 cells after 24 h revealed a higher decrease than that of other concentrations in the expression of ACE2 protein. Conclusions: In conclusion, bromelain and ficin can dose-dependently decrease the expression of ACE2 protein in caco-2 cells.
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Pezzani R, Jiménez-Garcia M, Capó X, Sönmez Gürer E, Sharopov F, Rachel TYL, Ntieche Woutouoba D, Rescigno A, Peddio S, Zucca P, Tsouh Fokou PV, Martorell M, Gulsunoglu-Konuskan Z, Ydyrys A, Bekzat T, Gulmira T, Hano C, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Anticancer properties of bromelain: State-of-the-art and recent trends. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1068778. [PMID: 36698404 PMCID: PMC9869248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1068778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a key enzyme found in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.); a proteolytic substance with multiple beneficial effects for human health such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic, traditionally used in many countries for its potential therapeutic value. The aim of this updated and comprehensive review focuses on the potential anticancer benefits of bromelain, analyzing the cytotoxic, apoptotic, necrotic, autophagic, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory effects in cancer cells and animal models. Detailed information about Bromelain and its anticancer effects at the cellular, molecular and signaling levels were collected from online databases such as PubMed/MedLine, TRIP database, GeenMedical, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The results of the analyzed studies showed that Bromelain possesses corroborated pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-edema, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-coagulant, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-trauma pain, anti-diarrhea, wound repair. Nonetheless, bromelain clinical studies are scarce and still more research is needed to validate the scientific value of this enzyme in human cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base (AIROB), Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Research Institution “Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products” of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | | | - David Ntieche Woutouoba
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Peddio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Zehra Gulsunoglu-Konuskan
- Faculty of Health Science, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan,The Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tynybekov Bekzat
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Tussupbekova Gulmira
- Department of Biophysics, Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Orleans, Chartres, France,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania,*Correspondence: Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Christophe Hano, ; Daniela Calina, ; Paolo Zucca,
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Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Papain Cysteine-Proteases from the Leaves of Carica papaya. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Na-Bangchang K, Plengsuriyakarn T, Karbwang J. The Role of Herbal Medicine in Cholangiocarcinoma Control: A Systematic Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:3-18. [PMID: 35468650 DOI: 10.1055/a-1676-9678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) and limited treatment options stimulate a pressing demand for research and the development of new chemotherapeutics against cholangiocarcinoma. This study aimed to systematically review herbs and herb-derived compounds or herbal formulations that have been investigated for their anti-cholangiocarcinoma potential. Systematic literature searches were conducted in three electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. One hundred and twenty-three research articles fulfilled the eligibility critera and were included in the analysis (68 herbs, isolated compounds and/or synthetic analogs, 9 herbal formulations, and 119 compounds that are commonly found in several plant species). The most investigated herbs were Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Only A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) has undergone the full process of nonclinical and clinical development to deliver the final product for clinical use. The extracts of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae), Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f. (Clusiaceae), and Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) exhibit antiproliferative activities against human cholangiocarcinoma cells (IC50 < 15 µg/mL). Cucurbitacin B and triptolide are herbal isolated compounds that exhibit the most promising activities (IC50 < 1 µM). A series of experimental studies (in vitro, in vivo, and humans) confirmed the anti-cholangiocarcinoma potential and safety profile of A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) and its active compounds atractylodin and β-eudesmol, including the capsule pharmaceutical of the standardized A. lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae) extract. Future research should be focused on the full development of the candidate herbs to deliver products that are safe and effective for cholangiocarcinoma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Juntra Karbwang
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongneung, Klongluang District, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Cladosporium protease/doxorubicin decorated Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite: An efficient nanoparticle for drug delivery and combating breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Didamoony MA, Atwa AM, Abd El-Haleim EA, Ahmed LA. Bromelain ameliorates D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury: role of SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, GSK3β/Nrf2 and NF-κB p65/TNF-α/caspase-8, -9 signalling pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1765-1775. [PMID: 36227279 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present research focused on estimating, for the first time, the potential protective effects of bromelain against D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats as well as identifying the possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Silymarin (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) as a reference drug or bromelain (20 and 40 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were administered for 10 days, and on the 8th day of the experiment, a single dose of galactosamine (400 mg/kg/i.p.) induced acute liver injury. KEY FINDINGS Pretreatment with bromelain improved liver functions and histopathological alterations induced by galactosamine. Bromelain ameliorated oxidative stress by inducing SIRT1 protein expression and increasing LKB1 content. This resulted in phosphorylating the AMPK/GSK3β axis, which stimulated Nrf2 activation in hepatic cells and thus increased the activity of its downstream antioxidant enzymes [HO-1 and NQO1]. Besides, bromelain exerted significant anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing hepatic contents of TNF-α, NF-κB p65, as well as caspase-8 and caspase-9. The protective effects of bromelain40 were proved to be better than silymarin and bromelain20 in most of the assessed parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the significant hepatoprotective effects of bromelain against acute liver injury through modulation of SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, GSK3β/Nrf2 signalling in addition to NF-κB p65/TNF-α/ caspase-8 and -9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abd El-Haleim
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Hikisz P, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J. Beneficial Properties of Bromelain. Nutrients 2021; 13:4313. [PMID: 34959865 PMCID: PMC8709142 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain is a major sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme found in pineapple plants, having multiple activities in many areas of medicine. Due to its low toxicity, high efficiency, high availability, and relative simplicity of acquisition, it is the object of inexhaustible interest of scientists. This review summarizes scientific reports concerning the possible application of bromelain in treating cardiovascular diseases, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders, infectious diseases, inflammation-associated diseases, and many types of cancer. However, for the proper application of such multi-action activities of bromelain, further exploration of the mechanism of its action is needed. It is supposed that the anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and anti-coagulatory activity of bromelain may become a complementary therapy for COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients. During the irrepressible spread of novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such beneficial properties of this biomolecule might help prevent escalation and the progression of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Mekkawy MH, Fahmy HA, Nada AS, Ali OS. Radiosensitizing Effect of Bromelain Using Tumor Mice Model via Ki-67 and PARP-1 Inhibition. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211060369. [PMID: 34825602 PMCID: PMC8649096 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that bromelain (BL), a pineapple extract, acts as an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment and prevention of carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms by which BL could radiosensitize tumor cells in vitro and in a mouse tumor model. BL has shown a significant reduction in the viability of the radioresistant human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell line using cell proliferation assay. The in vivo study was designed using the Ehrlich model in female albino mice, treated with BL (6 mg/kg b. wt., intraperitoneal, once daily for 10 days) 1 hour before exposure to a fractionated dose of gamma radiation (5 Gy, 1 Gy for 5 subsequent days). The radiosensitizing effect of BL was evident in terms of a significant reduction in tumor volume, poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the proliferation marker Ki-67 and nuclear factor kappa activated B cells (NF-κB) with a significant elevation in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tumor cells. The present findings offer a novel insight into the radiosensitizing effect of BL and its potential application in the radiotherapy course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai H Mekkawy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Fahmy
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola S Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sowiński S, Varca GH, Kadłubowski S, Lugão AB, Ulański P. A mechanistic approach towards the formation of bityrosine in proteins by ionizing radiation – GYG model peptide. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xu X, Man L. Papain Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Encore the Potency of Bioconjugated Flutamide. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:557-568. [PMID: 32106799 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200227121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer death after lung cancer in the US. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly effective therapeutic drug at substantially low doses. OBJECTIVE Anti-androgen drug flutamide was delivered to the prostate cancer cells using Papain Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles (PGNPs) as the drug delivery system. PGNPs and flutamide worked synergistically against cancer cells. METHODS Flutamide was used to bioconjugate with PGNPs to improve its efficacy against prostate cancer. The synthesis and bioconjugation of flutamide with PGNPs (F-PGNPs) were characterized by various characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential to ensure the synthesis, size, shape, size distribution, and stability. The drug loading efficiency of flutamide in F-PGNPs was confirmed and validated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Eventually, in vitro studies were performed to determine the potency of F-PGNPs, changes in nuclear morphology, and generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). RESULTS The efficacy of F-PGNPs (IC50 is 46.54 μg/mL) was found to be improved significantly over pure flutamide (IC50 is 64.63 μg/mL) against human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line whereas F-PGNPs did not show any significant toxicity up to a fairly high concentration toward normal mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. The apoptotic effects and ROS generation of F-PGNPs were analyzed by increased permeability of the cell membrane and condensed chromatin with deep blue and green fluorescent nucleus, respectively. DISCUSSION The results clearly showed that F-PGNPs significantly improved the potency of flutamide by delivering it directly into the nucleus of cancer cells through caveolae-dependent endocytosis. CONCLUSION Thus, the greater inhibitory effect of F-PGNPs over the pure drug would be of great advantage during prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Libo Man
- Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Beijing, 100096, China
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de Lima CSA, Varca JPRO, Nogueira KM, Fazolin GN, de Freitas LF, de Souza EW, Lugão AB, Varca GHC. Semi-Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations for the Delivery of Papain Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121170. [PMID: 33271859 PMCID: PMC7761214 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain is a therapeutic enzyme with restricted applications due to associated allergenic reactions. Papain nanoparticles have shown to be safe for biomedical use, although a method for proper drug loading and release remains to be developed. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and assess the stability of papain nanoparticles in a prototype semi-solid formulation suitable for dermatological or topical administrations. Papain nanoparticles of 7.0 ± 0.1 nm were synthesized and loaded into carboxymethylcellulose- and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based gels. The formulations were then assayed for preliminary stability, enzyme activity, cytotoxicity studies, and characterized according to their microstructures and protein distribution. The formulations were suitable for papain nanoparticle loading and provided a stable environment for the nanoparticles. The enzyme distribution along the gel matrix was homogeneous for all the formulations, and the proteolytic activity was preserved after the gel preparation. Both gels presented a slow release of the papain nanoparticles for four days. Cell viability assays revealed no potential cytotoxicity, and the presence of the nanoparticles did not alter the microstructure of the gel. The developed systems presented a potential for biomedical applications, either as drug delivery systems for papain nanoparticles and/or its complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. A. de Lima
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.A.d.L.); (G.H.C.V.)
| | - Justine P. R. O. Varca
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Kamila M. Nogueira
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Gabriela N. Fazolin
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Lucas F. de Freitas
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Eliseu W. de Souza
- Department of Polymers, Technology College (Fatec), São Paulo 03694-000, Brazil;
| | - Ademar B. Lugão
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Gustavo. H. C. Varca
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.A.d.L.); (G.H.C.V.)
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Dotivo NC, Rezende RP, Pessoa TBA, Salay LC, Huachaca NSM, Romano CC, Marques EDLS, Costa MS, de Moura SR, Pirovani CP, Dias JCT. Immobilization of PR4A3 enzyme in pluronic F127 polymeric micelles against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and increase of in vitro bioavailability. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1238-1245. [PMID: 33202272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditional therapy for malignant neoplasms involving surgical procedures, radiotherapy and chemotherapy aims to kill neoplastic cells, but also affects normal cells. Therefore, exogenous proteases are the target of studies in cancer therapy, as they have been shown to be effective in suppressing tumors and reducing metastases. Pluronic F127 (F127) is a copolymer of amphiphilic blocks that has shown significant potential for drug administration, as it is capable of incorporating hydrophobic drugs and self-assembling in micrometers of nanometric size. This study investigated the effects of immobilization of the alkaline protease PR4A3 with pluronic F127 micelles on the enzyme-induced cytotoxicity. Protease immobilization was demonstrated through UV-visible and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, as the enzyme interacts with the polymeric micelle of Pluronic F127 without changing its secondary structure. In addition, the immobilized form of the enzyme showed greater bioavailability after passing through the simulated gastrointestinal transit. Cell viability was assessed using the tetrazoic methylthiazole (MTT) assay. The results open perspectives for new research and development for PR4A3 in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Departament of biological science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Salay
- Departament of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Departament of biological science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Moara Silva Costa
- Departament of biological science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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Talib WH, Alsalahat I, Daoud S, Abutayeh RF, Mahmod AI. Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E5319. [PMID: 33202681 PMCID: PMC7696819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basic and clinical research on developing alternative anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Safa Daoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Reem Fawaz Abutayeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
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Azarkan M, Maquoi E, Delbrassine F, Herman R, M'Rabet N, Calvo Esposito R, Charlier P, Kerff F. Structures of the free and inhibitors-bound forms of bromelain and ananain from Ananas comosus stem and in vitro study of their cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19570. [PMID: 33177555 PMCID: PMC7658999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ananas comosus stem extract is a complex mixture containing various cysteine proteases of the C1A subfamily, such as bromelain and ananain. This mixture used for centuries in Chinese medicine, has several potential therapeutic applications as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and ecchymosis degradation agent. In the present work we determined the structures of bromelain and ananain, both in their free forms and in complex with the inhibitors E64 and TLCK. These structures combined with protease-substrate complexes modeling clearly identified the Glu68 as responsible for the high discrimination of bromelain in favor of substrates with positively charged residues at P2, and unveil the reasons for its weak inhibition by cystatins and E64. Our results with purified and fully active bromelain, ananain and papain show a strong reduction of cell proliferation with MDA-MB231 and A2058 cancer cell lines at a concentration of about 1 μM, control experiments clearly emphasizing the need for proteolytic activity. In contrast, while bromelain and ananain had a strong effect on the proliferation of the OCI-LY19 and HL-60 non-adherent cell lines, papain, the archetypal member of the C1A subfamily, had none. This indicates that, in this case, sequence/structure identity beyond the active site of bromelain and ananain is more important than substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Azarkan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (Unité de Chimie Des Protéines), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Tumeurs Et du Développement, GIGA-Cancer, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Delbrassine
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Raphael Herman
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nasiha M'Rabet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (Unité de Chimie Des Protéines), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rafaèle Calvo Esposito
- Laboratoire de Chimie Générale (Unité de Chimie Des Protéines), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Paulette Charlier
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- UR InBioS, Centre D'Ingénierie Des Protéines, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Bromelain-based chemo-herbal combination effect on human cancer cells: in-vitro study on AGS and MCF7 proliferation and apoptosis. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim. Chemo-herbal combinations promise new clinical anticancer therapeutic modalities. The current study investigated and compared the in vitro effects of a bromelain-based chemo-herbal combination to/with cisplatin or 5-FU, with regard to the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric AGS and breast MCF7 cell lines.
Material and methods. AGS and MCF7 cells were either treated with different concentrations of bromelain, cisplatin or 5-FU; or with bromelain-cisplatin and bromelain-5-FU combinations for 48h. Cell proliferative inhibition and inductive apoptosis were appraised using MTT assay and flowcytometry, respectively. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests were used to analyze differences in cell groups’ means.
Results. AGS proliferation was adversely affected by single treatments of bromelain and cisplatin (p <0.003) or 5-FU (p <0.05). The anti-proliferative impact of single treatments was more pronounced on MCF7 cells. The bromelain-cisplatin combinations displayed synergistic effect on MCF7 cells (CIs ≤1), while being additive or antagonistic with cisplatin IC30 and IC40 to AGS cell proliferation, respectively. In addition, bromelian-5-FU combinations showed synergistic effect on AGS cells, while antagonistic to MCF7 cells. In terms of cell apoptosis induction, bromelain (IC30)-cisplatin (IC20) displayed additive effect on MCF7, compared to cisplatin single treatment (p <0.04), while bromelain (IC40)-5-FU (IC10) and bromelain (IC30)-5-FU (IC20) afforded additive apoptotic effects on AGS (p <0.04) and MCF7 (p <0.05), respectively, in comparison to 5-FU single treatment.
Conclusion. A bromelain-based combination using cisplatin showed concordant effects on cell proliferation impediment and apoptotic induction on MCF7, while the same results were noticed with a bromelain-5-FU combination to AGS cells. The bromelain-based chemo-herbal pathways should further be investigated in the frame of multi-chemotherapeutic drugs researches.
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20
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Fazolin GN, Varca GH, de Freitas LF, Rokita B, Kadlubowski S, Lugão AB. Simultaneous intramolecular crosslinking and sterilization of papain nanoparticles by gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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A biophysical strategy to examine the impact of newly synthesized polymerizable ammonium-based ionic liquids on the structural stability and proteolytic activity of stem bromelain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:957-966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Dietary supplements are frequently used in surgical patients. Surgeons should be up to date with regard to the efficacies and potential complications related to these supplements. This article provides the most updated practices and evidence of commonly used supplements.
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23
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Corazza FG, Ernesto JV, Nambu FA, de Carvalho LR, Leite-Silva VR, Varca GH, Calixto LA, Vieira DP, Andréo-Filho N, Lopes PS. Papain-cyclodextrin complexes as an intestinal permeation enhancer: Permeability and in vitro safety evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Tabrez S, Jabir NR, Khan MI, Khan MS, Shakil S, Siddiqui AN, Zaidi SK, Ahmed BA, Kamal MA. Association of autoimmunity and cancer: An emphasis on proteolytic enzymes. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:19-28. [PMID: 31100322 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and autoimmune diseases are the two devastating conditions that together constitute a leading health problem worldwide. The rising burden of these disorders in the developing world demands a multifaceted approach to address the challenges it poses. Understanding the root causes and specific molecular mechanisms by which the progression of the diseases takes place is need of the hour. A strong inflammatory background and common developmental pathways, such as activation of immune cells, proliferation, increased cell survival and migration which are controlled by growth factors and inflammatory cytokines have been considered as the critical culprits in the progression and complications of these disorders. Enzymes are the potential immune modulators which regulate various inflammatory events and can break the circulating immune complexes via macrophages production. In the current manuscript, we have uncovered the possible role of proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer and autoimmune diseases. In the light of the available scientific literature, we advocate in-depth comprehensive studies which will shed light towards the role of proteolytic enzymes in the modulation of inflammatory responses in cancer and autoimmune diseases together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Bui KC, Barat S, Chen X, Bozko P, Scholta T, Nguyen MLT, Bhuria V, Xing J, Nguyen LT, Le HS, Velavan TP, Sipos B, Wilkens L, Malek NP, Plentz RR. Silencing of Kangai 1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin suppresses progression of cholangiocarcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 364:59-67. [PMID: 29366806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy. CC treatment options are very limited especially for patients with distant metastasis. Kangai 1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN) is highly expressed in numerous cancers, but the role of KITENIN in CC remains unknown. Here, we have investigated for the first time the function of KITENIN in human CC cell lines (TFK-1, SZ-1), tissues and a CC mouse model (Alb-Cre/LSL-KRASG12D/p53L/L). KITENIN was expressed in 92.2% of human CC tissues, in murine CC samples and also in human CC cell lines. Knockdown of KITENIN by small interfering RNA (siRNA) effectively reduced proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation in both intra- and extra-hepatic CC cells. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers like N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and Slug were suppressed in KITENIN knockdown CC cells. Our results indicate that KITENIN is crucial for cholangiocarcinogenesis and it might become a potential therapeutic target for human CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khac Cuong Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samarpita Barat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Scholta
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mai Ly Thi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vikas Bhuria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jun Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linh Toan Nguyen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Song Le
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Regional Hospital, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruben R Plentz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, Bremen-Nord Hospital, Bremen, Germany.
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Balakireva AV, Kuznetsova NV, Petushkova AI, Savvateeva LV, Zamyatnin AA. Trends and Prospects of Plant Proteases in Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2017; 26:465-486. [PMID: 29173148 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171123204403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main function of proteases in any living organism is the cleavage of proteins resulting in the degradation of damaged, misfolded and potentially harmful proteins and therefore providing the cell with amino acids essential for the synthesis of new proteins. Besides this main function, proteases may play an important role as signal molecules and participate in numerous protein cascades to maintain the vital processes of an organism. Plant proteases are no exception to this rule. Moreover, in contrast to humanencoded enzymes, many plant proteases possess exceptional features such as higher stability, unique substrate specificity and a wide pH range for enzymatic activity. These valuable features make plant-derived proteolytic enzymes suitable for many biomedical applications, and furthermore, the plants can serve as factories for protein production. Plant proteases are already applied in the treatment of several pathological conditions in the human organism. Some of the enzymes possess antitumour, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The collagenolytic activity of plant proteases determines important medical applications such as the healing of wounds and burn debridement. Plant proteases may affect blood coagulation processes and can be applied in the treatment of digestive disorders. The present review summarizes recent advances and possible applications for plant proteases in biomedicine, and proposes further development of plant-derived proteolytic enzymes in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Balakireva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Kuznetsova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | | | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
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Mohamed SIA, Jantan I, Haque MA. Naturally occurring immunomodulators with antitumor activity: An insight on their mechanisms of action. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Matagne A, Bolle L, El Mahyaoui R, Baeyens-Volant D, Azarkan M. The proteolytic system of pineapple stems revisited: Purification and characterization of multiple catalytically active forms. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 138:29-51. [PMID: 28238440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude pineapple proteases extract (aka stem bromelain; EC 3.4.22.4) is an important proteolytic mixture that contains enzymes belonging to the cysteine proteases of the papain family. Numerous studies have been reported aiming at the fractionation and characterization of the many molecular species present in the extract, but more efforts are still required to obtain sufficient quantities of the various purified protease forms for detailed physicochemical, enzymatic and structural characterization. In this work, we describe an efficient strategy towards the purification of at least eight enzymatic forms. Thus, following rapid fractionation on a SP-Sepharose FF column, two sub-populations with proteolytic activity were obtained: the unbound (termed acidic) and bound (termed basic) bromelain fractions. Following reversible modification with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG), both fractions were further separated on Q-Sepharose FF and SP-Sepharose FF, respectively. This procedure yielded highly purified molecular species, all titrating ca. 1 mol of thiol group per mole of enzyme, with distinct biochemical properties. N-terminal sequencing allowed identifying at least eight forms with proteolytic activity. The basic fraction contained previously identified species, i.e. basic bromelain forms 1 and 2, ananain forms 1 and 2, and comosain (MEROPS identifier: C01.027). Furthermore, a new proteolytic species, showing similarities with basic bomelain forms 1 and 2, was discovered and termed bromelain form 3. The two remaining species were found in the acidic bromelain fraction and were arbitrarily named acidic bromelain forms 1 and 2. Both, acidic bromelain forms 1, 2 and basic bromelain forms 1, 2 and 3 are glycosylated, while ananain forms 1 and 2, and comosain are not. The eight protease forms display different amidase activities against the various substrates tested, namely small synthetic chromogenic compounds (DL-BAPNA and Boc-Ala-Ala-Gly-pNA), fluorogenic compounds (like Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-AMC, Z-Arg-Arg-AMC and Z-Phe-Arg-AMC), and proteins (azocasein and azoalbumin), suggesting a specific organization of their catalytic residues. All forms are completely inhibited by specific cysteine and cysteine/serine protease inhibitors, but not by specific serine and aspartic protease inhibitors, with the sole exception of pepstatin A that significantly affects acidic bromelain forms 1 and 2. For all eight protease forms, inhibition is also observed with 1,10-phenanthrolin, a metalloprotease inhibitor. Metal ions (i.e. Mn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) showed various effects depending on the protease under consideration, but all of them are totally inhibited in the presence of Zn2+. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that all forms have a molecular mass of ca. 24 kDa, which is characteristic of enzymes belonging to the papain-like proteases family. Far-UV CD spectra analysis further supported this analysis. Interestingly, secondary structure calculation proves to be highly reproducible for all cysteine proteases of the papain family tested so far (this work; see also Azarkan et al., 2011; Baeyens-Volant et al., 2015) and thus can be used as a test for rapid identification of the classical papain fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Matagne
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Repliement des Protéines, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Bolle
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachida El Mahyaoui
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danielle Baeyens-Volant
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Azarkan
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Medicine, Protein Chemistry Unit, Campus Erasme (CP 609), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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