1
|
Seyyedin S, Ezzatabadipour M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN. The Role of Various Factors in Neural Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with a Special Focus on the Physical Stimulants. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:166-177. [PMID: 36734908 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230124151311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMs) are considered as ideal tools for cell therapy procedures and regenerative medicine. The capacity of these cells to differentiate into neural lineage cells make them potentially important in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. An electronic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for articles published from January 1990 to March 2022. This review discusses the current knowledge on the effect of various factors, including physical, chemical and biological stimuli which play a key role in the differentiation of hUCMs into neural and glial cells. Moreover, the currently understood molecular mechanisms involved in the neural differentiation of hUCMs under various environmental stimuli are reviewed. Various stimuli, especially physical stimuli and specifically different light sources, have revealed effects on neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, including hUCMs; however, due to the lack of information about the exact mechanisms, there is still a need to find optimal conditions to promote the differentiation capacity of these cells which in turn can lead to significant progress in the clinical application of hUCMs for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Seyyedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang Z, Wang J, Sun G, Feng M. BDNF-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived dopaminergic-like neurons improve rotation behavior of Parkinson's disease rats through neuroprotection and anti-neuroinflammation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103784. [PMID: 36228967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease still without any cure. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has shown therapeutic potential in PD, which is limited by its short half-life and inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Stem cells not only present migration, differentiation and neurotrophy characteristics, but also can be used as delivery vectors for BDNF. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of BDNF-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs)-derived dopaminergic (DAergic)-like neurons in the PD rats. Results showed that transplantation of BDNF-modified hUC-MSCs-derived DAergic-like neurons improved the apomorphine induced rotation behavior of PD rats, increased the dopamine concentration and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) in the striatum, promoted the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1), pituitary homeobox 3 (Pitx3), BDNF, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and inhibited the neural apoptosis in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum. Results suggest that BDNF-modified hUC-MSCs-derived DAergic-like neurons improve the rotation of PD rats might through neuroprotection and anti-neuroinflammation by regulating the BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt and Hsp60-TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathways, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of NanTong, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Gaohui Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Meijiang Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coccini T, Spinillo A, Roccio M, Lenta E, Valsecchi C, De Simone U. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based in vitro Model for Neurotoxicity Testing. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e423. [PMID: 35471597 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity (NT) testing for regulatory purposes is based on in vivo animal testing. There is general consensus, however, about the need for the development of alternative methodologies to allow researchers to more rapidly and cost effectively screen large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause NT, or to investigate their mode of action. In vitro assays are considered an important source of information for making regulatory decisions, and human cell-based systems are recommended as one of the most relevant models in toxicity testing, to reduce uncertainty in the extrapolation of results from animal-based models. Human neuronal models range from various neuroblastoma cell lines to stem cell-derived systems, including those derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSC). hMSCs exhibit numerous advantages, including the fact that they can be obtained in high yield from healthy human adult tissues, can be cultured with a minimal laboratory setup and without genetic manipulations, are able of continuous and repeated self-renewal, are nontumorigenic, and can form large populations of stably differentiated cells representative of different tissues, including neuronal cells. hMSCs derived from human umbilical cord (hUC) in particular possess several prominent advantages, including a painless, non-invasive, and ethically acceptable collection procedure, simple and convenient preparation, and high proliferation capacity. In addition, hMSCs can be efficiently differentiated into neuron-like cells (hNLCs), which can then be used for the assessment of neuronal toxicity of potential neurotoxic compounds in humans. Here, we describe a step-by-step procedure to use hMSCs from the umbilical cord for in vitro neurotoxicity testing. First, we describe how to isolate, amplify, and store hMSCs derived from the umbilical cord. We then outline the steps to transdifferentiate these cells into hNLCs, and then use the hNLCs for neurotoxicity testing by employing multiple common cytotoxicity assays after treatment with test compounds. The approach follows the most updated guidance on using human cell-based systems. These protocols will allow investigators to implement an alternative system for obtaining primary NLCs of human origin, and support advancement in neurotoxicity research. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation and maintenance of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) obtained from the umbilical cord lining membrane Basic Protocol 2: Transdifferentiation of hMSCs into neuron-like cells (hNLCs) and basic neurotoxicity assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marianna Roccio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Lenta
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Cell Factory, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Cell Factory, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Uliana De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, and Pavia Poison Centre-National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen B, An J, Guo YS, Tang J, Zhao JJ, Zhang R, Yang H. Tetramethylpyrazine induces the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2429-2442. [PMID: 34374467 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidences suggest that transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can be therapeutically effective for central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs mainly attributes to their differentiation into neuron-like cells which replace injured and degenerative neurons. Importantly, the neurotrophic factors released from BM-MSCs can also rescue injured and degenerative neurons, which plays a biologically pivotal role in enhancing neuroregeneration and neurological functional recovery. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the main bioactive ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Chuanxiong, has been reported to promote the neuronal differentiation of BM-MSCs. This study aimed to investigate whether TMP regulates the release of neurotrophic factors from BM-MSCs. We examined the effect of TMP on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) released from BM-MSCs and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our results demonstrated that TMP at concentrations of lower than 200 μM increased the release of BDNF in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of TMP on increasing the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs was blocked by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Therefore, we concluded that TMP could induce the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway, leading to the formation of neuroprotective and proneurogenic microenvironment. These findings suggest that TMP possesses novel therapeutic potential to promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis through improving the neurotrophic ability of BM-MSCs, which provides a promising nutritional prevention and treatment strategy for CNS injuries and neurodegenerative diseases via the transplantation of TMP-treated BM-MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Shan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An J, Chen B, Tian D, Guo Y, Yan Y, Yang H. Regulation of Neurogenesis and Neuronal Differentiation by Natural Compounds. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:756-771. [PMID: 34493197 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210907141447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal damage or degeneration is the main feature of neurological diseases. Regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation is important in developing therapies to promote neuronal regeneration or synaptic network reconstruction. Neurogenesis is a multistage process in which neurons are generated and integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Neuronal differentiation is extremely complex because it can occur in different cell types and can be caused by a variety of inducers. Recently, natural compounds that induce neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation have attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the potential neural induction effects of medicinal plant-derived natural compounds on neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), the cultured neuronal cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are reviewed. The natural compounds that are efficacious in inducing neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation include phenolic acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, and others. They exert neural induction effects by regulating signal factors and cell-specific genes involved in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, including specific proteins (β-tubulin III, MAP-2, tau, nestin, neurofilaments, GFAP, GAP-43, NSE), related genes and proteins (STAT3, Hes1, Mash1, NeuroD1, notch, cyclin D1, SIRT1, reggie-1), transcription factors (CREB, Nkx-2.5, Ngn1), neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, NT-3) and signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β/β-catenin, Ca2+/CaMKII/ATF1, Nrf2/HO-1, BMP). The natural compounds with neural induction effects are of great value for neuronal regenerative medicine and provide promising prevention and treatment strategies for neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Ding Tian
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Yunshan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Yuzhu Yan
- Clinical Lab, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kahroba H, Ramezani B, Maadi H, Sadeghi MR, Jaberie H, Ramezani F. The role of Nrf2 in neural stem/progenitors cells: From maintaining stemness and self-renewal to promoting differentiation capability and facilitating therapeutic application in neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101211. [PMID: 33186670 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neurons in nervous system. NDs are categorized as acute NDs such as stroke and head injury, besides chronic NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, Friedreich's Ataxia, Multiple Sclerosis. The exact etiology of NDs is not understood but oxidative stress, inflammation and synaptic dysfunction are main hallmarks. Oxidative stress leads to free radical attack on neural cells which contributes to protein misfolding, glia cell activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of DNA repair system and subsequently cellular death. Neural stem cells (NSCs) support adult neurogenesis in nervous system during injuries which is limited to certain regions in brain. NSCs can differentiate into the neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Impaired neurogenesis and inadequate induction of neurogenesis are the main obstacles in treatment of NDs. Protection of neural cells from oxidative damages and supporting neurogenesis are promising strategies to treat NDs. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional master regulator that maintains the redox homeostasis in cells by provoking expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 can strongly influence the NSCs function and fate determination by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species in benefit of NSC survival and neurogenesis. In this review we will summarize the role of Nrf2 in NSC function, and exogenous and endogenous therapeutic strategies in treatment of NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houman Kahroba
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Jaberie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Yang J, Fu G, Zhou P, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiao G. [Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neuron-like cells after induction with B27-supplemented serum-free medium]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1340-1345. [PMID: 32990222 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capacity and efficiency of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) to differentiate into neuron- like cells after induction with B27- supplemented serum- free medium. METHODS HUCMSCs at passage 4 were cultured for 14 days with serum-containing medium (SCM) (group A), SCM supplemented with 20 ng/mL nerve growth factor (NGF) and 10 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (group B), serum-free medium (SFM) (group C), or SFM supplemented with 20 ng/mL NGF and 10 ng/mL bFGF. The culture medium were changed every 3 days and the growth of the neurospheres was observed using an inverted microscope. The cell markers were analyzed with flow cytometry and the expressions of nestin, neuron- specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS Before induction, HUCMSCs expressed abundant mesenchymal stem cell surface markers including CD29 (99.5%), CD44 (49.6%) and CD105 (77.7%). Neuron-like cells were observed in the cultures on days 7, 10, and 14, and the cell differentiation was the best in group D, followed by groups C, B and A. In all the 4 groups, the cellular expressions of nestin and GFAP gradually lowered while those of NEFH and NSE increased progressively. The expressions of GFAP, NEFH, nestin and NSE were significantly different between group A and the other 3 groups (P < 0.001 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS B27-supplemented SFM effectively induces the differentiation of HUCMSCs into neuron- like cells, and the supplementation with cytokines (NGF and bFGF) strongly promotes the cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinpei Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Shenhe Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Herb-Derived Products: Natural Tools to Delay and Counteract Stem Cell Senescence. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8827038. [PMID: 33101419 PMCID: PMC7568162 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8827038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a very important role in organismal aging increasing with age and in age-related diseases (ARDs). This process involves physiological, structural, biochemical, and molecular changes of cells, leading to a characteristic trait referred to "senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)." In particular, with aging, stem cells (SCs) in situ exhibit a diminished capacity of self-renewal and show a decline in their functionality. The identification of interventions able to prevent the accumulation of senescent SCs in the organism or to pretreat cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) prior to employing them for cell therapy is a main purpose of medical research. Many approaches have been investigated and resulted effective to prevent or counteract SC senescence in humans, as well as other animal models. In this work, we have reviewed the chance of using a number of herb-derived products as novel tools in the treatment of cell senescence, highlighting the efficacy of these agents, often still far from being clearly understood.
Collapse
|
9
|
Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutic Advancement in Neuronal Transdifferentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:889-901. [PMID: 33047251 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have become the leading cause of chronic pain and death. Treatments available are not sufficient to help the patients as they only alleviate the symptoms and not the cause. In this regard, stem cells therapy has emerged as an upcoming option for the replacement of dead and damaged neurons. Stem cells, in general, are characterized as cells exhibiting potency properties, i.e., on being subjected to specific conditions they transform into cells of another lineage. Of all the types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their pluripotent nature without the obstacle of ethical concern surrounding the procurement of other cell types. Although fibroblasts are quite similar to MSCs morphologically, certain markers like CD73, CD 90 are specific to MSCs, making both the cell types distinguishable from each other. This is implemented while procuring MSCs from a plethora of sources like umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, etc. Among these, bone marrow MSCs are the most widely used type for neural regeneration. Neural regeneration is achieved via transdifferentiation. Several studies have either transplanted the stem cells into rodent models or have carried out transdifferentiation in vitro. The process involves a combination of growth factors, pre-treatment factors, and neuronal differentiation inducing mediums. The results obtained are characterized by neuron-like morphology, expression of markers, along with electrophysical activity in some. Recent attempts involve exploring biomaterials that may mimic the native ECM and therefore can be directly introduced at the site of interest. The review gives a brief description of MSCs, their sources and markers, and the different attempts that have been made towards achieving the goal of differentiating MSCs into neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Princy Choudhary
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao H, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Xu M, Ge L. The Effect of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Tetramethylpyrazine Therapy on Ischemic Brain Injury: A Histological Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105298. [PMID: 32992203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively poor survival and differentiation performance of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSCs) limits its application of transplantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of ucMSCs and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the histological therapy of ischemia stroke. METHODS Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, we sought to determine the therapeutic effects of ucMSCs combined with TMP on ischemic stroke in rats. 1 × 106 ucMSCs was intracerebral transplanted after 24 hours and TMP (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every day. After 7 days, the brain tissues were subjected to infarct weight measurement and preparation for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, HE staining, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that TMP combined with ucMSCs treatment significantly decreased the neurological deficit score, as well as the cerebral infarct ratio (from 16.33±3.35 to 7.67±1.19%) compared to TMP or ucMSCs treated alone. Moreover, TMP+ucMSCs treatment improved the morphological architecture of the infarct zone, dramatically up-regulated the expression of α-tubulin and nestin, and down-regulated GFAP and IL-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ucMSCs combined with TMP are able to exert therapeutic effects following ischemic injury by improving neurogenesis, inhibiting inflammation, and ameliorating histological damage. This may therefore be a promising future treatment for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao H, Zhu X, Zhang J, Xu M, Ge L, Zhang C. Dose-dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for stroke therapy. Neurosci Lett 2020; 722:134797. [PMID: 32067986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSCs) may serve as a new source for cell therapy in stroke patients; however, the poor efficiency of viability, migration, and differentiation limit the application of ucMSCs. This study determined the dose-dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the characteristics of ucMSCs in vitro. The effect on proliferation was determined with Cell Counting kit-8 assays. Cell migration was analyzed with Transwell assays and western blot analysis. Differentiation of ucMSCs was evaluated according to markers and the expression of relevant proteins and genes. Secretion capacity was detected by ELISA analysis. TMP protected ucMSCs against H2O2 induced-oxidative damage but had no influence on ucMSC activity at a low concentration. Furthermore, ucMSC migration was improved by TMP via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. The observed effects were dose dependent. At a high dose, however, TMP induced the differentiation of ucMSCs into neuron-like cells that expressed neuron-specific markers. In addition, the secretion of cytokines was significantly increased by TMP. Therefore, TMP pre-treatment of ucMSCs may be an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of ucMSC transplantation in stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liang Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinease Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anti-aging effects exerted by Tetramethylpyrazine enhances self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of rat bMSCs by suppressing NF-kB signaling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190761. [PMID: 31171713 PMCID: PMC6591573 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for a number of intractable neurological disorders, a more favorable strategy to regulate the outcome of bone marrow MSCs (bMSCs) was examined in the present study. In view of the wide range of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects, Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a biologically active alkaloid isolated from the herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii, was used. It was revealed that treatment with 30–50 mg/l TMP for 4 days significantly increased cell viability, alleviated senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and promoted bMSC proliferation by regulating the cell cycle. In addition, 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may facilitate the neuronal differentiation of bMSCs, verified in the present study by presentation of neuronal morphology and expression of neuronal markers: microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that TMP treatment may promote the expression of neurogenin 1 (Ngn1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD) and mammalian achaete–scute homolog 1 (Mash1). In conclusion, 4 days of 40–50 mg/l TMP treatment may significantly delay bMSC senescence by suppressing NF-κB signaling, and enhancing the self-renewal ability of bMSCs, and their potential for neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived cholinergic-like neurons improve spatial learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease rats. Brain Res 2018; 1710:61-73. [PMID: 30586546 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and the most common type of dementia. Although it is still incurable, stem cell replacement therapy provides new hope for AD. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have multiple differentiation potentials, which can differentiate into cholinergic-like neurons and promote the release of acetylcholine. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can also promote neurogenesis and synaptic formation, reduce oxidative stress and cell death. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effects of BDNF modified hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons in AD rats in this study. To make AD models, 1 μl beta amyloid (Aβ)1-42 was injected into the right hippocampus of the rats. After two weeks, the hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons null cells or overexpressing BDNF cells delivered by lentiviralvectors were slowly injected into the right hippocampus of the AD rats. After 8 weeks of transplantation, Morris water maze test, Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence assay and TdT mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) detection were performed. Transplantation of BDNF modified hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities in the AD rats, increased the release of acetylcholine and ChAT expression in the hippocampus, enhanced the activation of astrocytes and microglia, reduced the expression of Aβ and recombinant human beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1), inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and promoted neurogenesis. Our results demonstrate that BDNF modified hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons might be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Kong X, Shu W, Zhang W. The association of serum neuron-specific enolase with other disease markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case-control study. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:1172-1176. [PMID: 30344570 PMCID: PMC6191811 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.345.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum neuron-specific enolase (sNSE) levels and gender, age, body mass index (BMI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods This case-control study was carried out among 182 participants in Jiangxi Provincial chest hospital, Nanchang, China, in 2017. One hundred and two patients diagnosed with COPD based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grading classification and 80 Non-COPD participants were recruited. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to examine whether or not sNSE and other indicators were independently associated with COPD. Results Serum NSE levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.08). Whereas in COPD sub-groups, the levels of sNSE increased parallelly in a GOLD stage-dependent manner. There was a positive correlation between PH, PO2, pack-years, FEV1 and the presence of COPD, but there was no significant correlation between sNSE, PCO2 and the presence of COPD. Conclusions Serum NSE gradually increased with the severity of COPD and its change reflected changes in brain cells. PH, PO2, pack-years and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), were independent risk factors for COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Jie Li, MD. Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China, Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Chest Hospital
| | - Xinyi Kong
- Xinyi Kong, MSc. Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei Shu
- Wei Shu, MSc. Department of Internal medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Chest Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Wei Zhang, MD. Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sakuma R, Takahashi A, Nakano-Doi A, Sawada R, Kamachi S, Beppu M, Takagi T, Yoshimura S, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi T. Comparative Characterization of Ischemia-Induced Brain Multipotent Stem Cells with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Similarities and Differences. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1322-1338. [PMID: 29999479 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells localized to the perivascular regions of various organs, including bone marrow (BM). While MSC transplantation represents a promising stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke, increasing evidence indicates that exogenously administered MSCs rarely accumulate in the injured central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, compared with MSCs, regionally derived brain multipotent stem cells may be a superior source to elicit regeneration of the CNS following ischemic injury. We previously identified ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) as likely originating from brain pericytes/perivascular cells (PCs) within poststroke regions. However, detailed characteristics of iSCs and their comparison with MSCs remains to be investigated. In the present study, we compared iSCs with BM-derived MSCs, with a focus on the stemness and neuron-generating activity of each cell type. From our results, stem and undifferentiated cell markers, including c-myc and Klf4, were found to be expressed in iSCs and BM-MSCs. In addition, both cell types exhibited the ability to differentiate into mesoderm lineages, including as osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. However, compared with BM-MSCs, high expression of neural stem cell markers, including nestin and Sox2, were found in iSCs. In addition, iSCs, but not BM-MSCs, formed neurosphere-like cell clusters that differentiated into functional neurons. These results demonstrate that iSCs are likely multipotent stem cells with the ability to differentiate into not only mesoderm, but also neural, lineages. Collectively, our novel findings suggest that locally induced iSCs may contribute to CNS repair by producing neuronal cells following ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sakuma
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Ai Takahashi
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan .,2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University , Sanda, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan .,3 Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Rikako Sawada
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan .,2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University , Sanda, Japan
| | - Saeko Kamachi
- 3 Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mikiya Beppu
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- 3 Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences , Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan .,3 Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li W, Li K, Gao J, Yang Z. Autophagy is required for human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to improve spatial working memory in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:9. [PMID: 29335016 PMCID: PMC5769333 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays a central role in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and many studies have shown that human umbilical cord MSCs (huMSCs) can treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through a variety of mechanisms. However, no studies have looked at the effects of autophagy on neuroprotective function of huMSCs in the AD mouse model. Thus, in this study we investigated whether inhibition of autophagy could weaken or block the function of huMSCs through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods In vitro we examined huMSC migration and neuronal differentiation by inhibiting or activating autophagy; in vivo autophagy of huMSCs was inhibited by knocking down Beclin 1, and these huMSCs were transplanted into the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse. A series of related indicators were detected by T-maze task, electrophysiological experiments, immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting. Results We demonstrated that regulation of autophagy can affect huMSC migration and their neuronal differentiation. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy in huMSCs could not realize neuroprotective effects via anti-apoptosis or promoting neurogenesis and synapse formation compared with those of control huMSCs. Conclusions These findings indicate that autophagy is required for huMSCs to maintain their function and improve cognition impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive for Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive for Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive for Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive for Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Resveratrol Induces Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1651325. [PMID: 28512471 PMCID: PMC5415670 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1651325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) potentially differentiate to various types of cells including neuron-like cells. The natural polyphenol resveratrol benefits patients with many diseases including ischemic brain injury. We hypothesize that resveratrol induces differentiation of hUC-MSCs into neuron-like cells. Methods. Flow cytometry was used to determine the surface antigens in different stage of hUC-MSCs (P2, P5, and P10). Nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and real time RT-PCT. The cultured hUC-MSCs were treated with resveratrol at different concentrations (0, 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 mg/L). Nestin, GFAP, and NSE protein and mRNA were measured at posttreatment time points of 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Results. Neuron-like cells were found in hUC-MSCs treated by resveratrol at concentrations of 15.0 and 30.0 mg/L, but not in hUC-MSCs treated with vehicle and 7.5 mg/L resveratrol. Furthermore, immunocytochemical staining revealed that nestin and NSE immunoreactivities were positive in resveratrol-treated hUC-MSCs at concentrations of 15.0 and 30.0 mg/L. Resveratrol treatment significantly increased nestin and NSE protein and mRNA levels 4 h after the treatment. However, resveratrol treatment did not change GFAP immunoreactivities and protein and mRNA expression levels in cultured hUC-MSCs. Conclusions. Taken together, resveratrol treatment induces a differentiation of hUC-MSCs into neuron-like cells at relatively high concentrations.
Collapse
|