1
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Saffar KN, Larypoor M, Torbati MB. Analyzing of colorectal cancerrelated genes and microRNAs expression profiles in response to probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in colon cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:122. [PMID: 38227272 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the world's third most frequent cancer and the fourth cause of mortality. Probiotics play an important function in preventing metastasis as well as the growth and proliferation of malignant cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The study investigated the anticancer effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatant and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on colorectal cell lines, including HT29 and SW480 as a colorectal cancer model. The extract from the Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae standard probiotics were prepared, and probiotics characterization was confirmed by morphological and Biochemical tests. The viability of HT29 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines on effecting probiotic supernatant was evaluated by measuring the MTT colorimetric method. Comparison of the expression profile of several genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastatic pathway in HT29 and SW480 cell lines with the treatment of probiotics extract showed an upregulation in the BAX, CASP3, and CASP9 and down regulation BCl-2, MMP2, and MMP9 genes. Also, a comparison of microRNA expression profiles indicated an increase of miR 34, 135, 25, 16, 195, 27, 98, let7 and a decrease of miR 9, 106b, 17, 21, 155, 221. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION The findings of this study indicate that probiotics can effectively suppress the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and even reverse their development. Additionally, the study of cellular genes and miRNA profiles associated with colorectal cancer have demonstrated that our probiotics play a crucial role in CRC prevention by increasing the expression of tumor suppressor microRNAs and their target genes while decreasing oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Naderi Saffar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Larypoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Bikhof Torbati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, YadegarEmam Khomeini Branch, Shahre-Rey, Iran
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2
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Udompatanakorn C, Ratthawongjirakul P. A Combination of Curcumin and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Inhibits Viability and Induces Apoptosis in SCC-9 Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. J Evid Based Integr Med 2024; 29:2515690X241258369. [PMID: 38778767 PMCID: PMC11113064 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x241258369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin combined with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant (LGG CFS) on the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in SCC-9 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Curcumin (40 µg/ml) and 25% v/v LGG CFS (108 CFU/ml), both alone and in a combination regimen, significantly decreased the viability of SCC-9 cells and normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. Interestingly, the combination of low doses of curcumin (5 µg/ml) and 25% v/v LGG CFS (106 CFU/ml) had no effect on the HGF cells but significantly inhibited the viability of SCC-9 cells (p < 0.05). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that SCC-9 cells treated with the combination of low-dose curcumin and low-dose LGG CFS had a higher apoptotic rate than the cells in the control group and the single treatment groups (p < 0.05). The combined treatment also significantly increased the Bax/Bcl2 mRNA and protein expression in SCC-9 cells (p < 0.05) but not in HGF cells, indicating the underlying mechanism of the combination regimen. There was no significant difference in caspase-3 protein expression or the Bcl-xL/Bak and Mcl-1/Bak ratios between the treatment and control groups in both cell lines. These findings suggested that the coadministration of curcumin and LGG could exhibit anticancer effects in SCC-9 cells without causing toxicity to normal fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchaphan Udompatanakorn
- Program of Molecular Sciences in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panan Ratthawongjirakul
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Salemi R, Vivarelli S, Ricci D, Scillato M, Santagati M, Gattuso G, Falzone L, Libra M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cell-free supernatant as a novel anti-cancer adjuvant. J Transl Med 2023; 21:195. [PMID: 36918929 PMCID: PMC10015962 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota modulation has been demonstrated to be effective in protecting patients against detrimental effects of anti-cancer therapies, as well as to improve the efficacy of certain anti-cancer treatments. Among the most characterized probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is currently utilized in clinics to alleviate diarrhea, mucositis or intestinal damage which might be associated with several triggers, including Clostridium difficile infections, inflammatory gut diseases, antibiotic consumption, chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Here, we investigate whether LGG cell-free supernatant (LGG-SN) might exert anti-proliferative activity toward colon cancer and metastatic melanoma cells. Moreover, we assess the potential adjuvant effect of LGG-SN in combination with anti-cancer drugs. METHODS LGG-SN alone or in combination with either 5-Fuorouracil and Irinotecan was used to treat human colon and human melanoma cancer cell lines. Dimethylimidazol-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was employed to detect cellular viability. Trypan blue staining, anti-cleaved caspase-3 and anti-total versus anti-cleaved PARP western blots, and annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry analyses were used to assess cell death. Flow cytometry measurement of cellular DNA content (with propidium iodide staining) together with qPCR analysis of cyclins expression were used to assess cell cycle. RESULTS We demonstrate that LGG-SN is able to selectively reduce the viability of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent way. While LGG-SN does not exert any anti-proliferative activity on control fibroblasts. In cancer cells, the reduction in viability is not associated with apoptosis induction, but with a mitotic arrest in the G2/M phase of cell cycle. Additionally, LGG-SN sensitizes cancer cells to both 5-Fluorouracil and Irinotecan, thereby showing a positive synergistic action. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that LGG-SN may contain one or more bioactive molecules with anti-cancer activity which sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, LGG could be proposed as an ideal candidate for ground-breaking integrated approaches to be employed in oncology, to reduce chemotherapy-related side effects and overcome resistance or relapse issues, thus ameliorating the therapeutic response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Imaging, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daria Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marina Scillato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of General Pathology, Clinics and Oncology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. .,Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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4
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Gul S, Maqbool MF, Maryam A, Khan M, Shakir HA, Irfan M, Ara C, Li Y, Ma T. Vitamin K: A novel cancer chemosensitizer. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2641-2657. [PMID: 34993998 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidences are growing rapidly and causing millions of deaths globally. Cancer treatment is one of the most exigent challenges. Drug resistance is a natural phenomenon and is considered one of the major obstacles in the successful treatment of cancer by chemotherapy. Combination therapy by the amalgamation of various anticancer drugs has suggested modulating tumor response by targeting various signaling pathways in a synergistic or additive manner. Vitamin K is an essential nutrient and has recently been investigated as a potential anticancer agent. The combination of vitamin K analogs, such as vitamins K1, K2, K3, and K5, with other chemotherapeutic drugs have demonstrated a safe, cost-effective, and most efficient way to overcome drug resistance and improved the outcomes of prevailing chemotherapy. Published reports have shown that vitamin K in combination therapy improved the efficacy of clinical drugs by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and overcoming drug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein. In this review, we discuss the mechanism, cellular targets, and possible ways to develop vitamin K subtypes into effective cancer chemosensitizers. Finally, this review will provide a scientific basis for exploiting vitamin K as a potential agent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Gul
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Maqbool
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amara Maryam
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdullah Shakir
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Chaman Ara
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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5
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Qin H, Yuan B, Huang W, Wang Y. Utilizing Gut Microbiota to Improve Hepatobiliary Tumor Treatments: Recent Advances. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924696. [PMID: 35924173 PMCID: PMC9339707 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary tumors, which include cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and gallbladder cancer, are common cancers that have high morbidity and mortality rates and poor survival outcomes. In humans, the microbiota is comprised of symbiotic microbial cells (10-100 trillion) that belong to the bacterial ecosystem mainly residing in the gut. The gut microbiota is a complicated group that can largely be found in the intestine and has a dual role in cancer occurrence and progression. Previous research has focused on the crucial functions of the intestinal microflora as the main pathophysiological mechanism in HCC development. Intestinal bacteria produce a broad range of metabolites that exhibit a variety of pro- and anticarcinogenic effects on HCC. Therefore, probiotic alteration of the gut microflora could promote gut flora balance and help prevent the occurrence of HCC. Recent evidence from clinical and translational studies suggests that fecal microbiota transplant is one of the most successful therapies to correct intestinal bacterial imbalance. We review the literature describing the effects and mechanisms of the microbiome in the gut in the context of HCC, including gut bacterial metabolites, probiotics, antibiotics, and the transplantation of fecal microbiota, and discuss the potential influence of the microbiome environment on cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Our findings are expected to reveal therapeutic targets for the prevention of hepatobiliary tumors, and the development of clinical treatment strategies, by emphasizing the function of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang, ; Yan Wang,
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang, ; Yan Wang,
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6
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Liotti F, Marotta M, Sorriento D, Pagliuca C, Caturano V, Mantova G, Scaglione E, Salvatore P, Melillo RM, Prevete N. The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) restrains the angiogenic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by activating a pro-resolving program via formyl peptide receptor 1. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2959-2980. [PMID: 35808840 PMCID: PMC9394235 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3) are innate immune sensors of pathogen and commensal bacteria and have a role in colonic mucosa homeostasis. We identified FPR1 as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer cells due to its ability to sustain an inflammation resolution response with antiangiogenic potential. Here, we investigate whether FPR1 exerts similar functions in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Since it has been shown that the commensal bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can promote intestinal epithelial homeostasis through FPR1, we explored the possibility that it could induce proresolving and antiangiogenic effects in CRC cells. We demonstrated that pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of FPR1 in CRC cells caused a reduction of proresolving mediators and a consequent upregulation of angiogenic factors. The activation of FPR1 mediates opposite effects. Proresolving, antiangiogenic and homeostatic functions were also observed upon treatment of CRC cells with supernatant of LGG culture, but not of other lactic acid or nonprobiotic bacteria (i.e. Bifidobacterium bifidum or Escherichia coli). These activities of LGG are dependent on FPR1 expression and on the subsequent MAPK signalling activation. Thus, the innate immune receptor FPR1 could be a regulator of the balance between microbiota, inflammation and cancer in CRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Liotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Marotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Caturano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mantova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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7
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The Impact of Resolution of Inflammation on Tumor Microenvironment: Exploring New Ways to Control Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143333. [PMID: 35884394 PMCID: PMC9316558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The evolution of cancer is strongly influenced by the context in which tumor cells develop and grow, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is constituted of a set of cells with different natures, which can produce various factors or interact with cancer cells, thus favoring or inhibiting cancer growth. Specific factors with the ability to shape the TME, in order to create an unfavorable context for tumor cells, are the Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs). SPMs are small lipid molecules derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, exerting the physiologic role of dampening the inflammatory responses and helping tissues to regain their homeostasis after insults. Here, we present the knowledge relative to the action of SPMs on each component of the TME and its effects on tumor growth and progression. These summarized findings highlight novel potential strategies to manage cancer progression. Abstract Non-resolving inflammation is an enabling feature of cancer. A novel super-family of lipid mediators termed Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) have a role as bioactive molecules mediating the resolution of inflammation in cancer biology. SPMs are derived from ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids through the activity of lipoxygenases. SPMs have been described to directly modulate cancer progression by interfering with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasion of cancer cells. SPMs have also been demonstrated to act on several components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consistently with their natural immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, SPMs are able to reprogram macrophages to favor phagocytosis of cell debris, which are an important source of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic signals; sustain a direct cytotoxic immune response against cancer cells; stimulate neutrophils anti-tumor activities; and inhibit the development of regulatory T and B cells, thus indirectly leading to enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the resolution pathways exert crucial anti-angiogenic functions in lung, liver, and gastrointestinal cancers, and inhibit cancer-associated fibroblast differentiation and functions in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. The present review will be focused on the potential protective effects of resolution pathways against cancer, exerted by modulating different components of the TME.
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8
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Lai Y, Masatoshi H, Ma Y, Guo Y, Zhang B. Role of Vitamin K in Intestinal Health. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791565. [PMID: 35069573 PMCID: PMC8769504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) generally characterized by clinical symptoms, including malabsorption, intestinal dysfunction, injury, and microbiome imbalance, as well as certain secondary intestinal disease complications, continue to be serious public health problems worldwide. The role of vitamin K (VK) on intestinal health has drawn growing interest in recent years. In addition to its role in blood coagulation and bone health, several investigations continue to explore the role of VK as an emerging novel biological compound with the potential function of improving intestinal health. This study aims to present a thorough review on the bacterial sources, intestinal absorption, uptake of VK, and VK deficiency in patients with intestinal diseases, with emphasis on the effect of VK supplementation on immunity, anti-inflammation, intestinal microbes and its metabolites, antioxidation, and coagulation, and promoting epithelial development. Besides, VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are another crucial mechanism for VK to exert a gastroprotection role for their functions of anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and anti-tumorigenesis. In summary, published studies preliminarily show that VK presents a beneficial effect on intestinal health and may be used as a therapeutic drug to prevent/treat intestinal diseases, but the specific mechanism of VK in intestinal health has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hori Masatoshi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Peerapen P, Sueksakit K, Boonmark W, Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. ARID1A knockdown enhances carcinogenesis features and aggressiveness of Caco-2 colon cancer cells: An in vitro cellular mechanism study. J Cancer 2022; 13:373-384. [PMID: 35069887 PMCID: PMC8771531 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of ARID1A, a tumor suppressor gene, is associated with the higher grade of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the progression and aggressiveness of CRC induced by the loss of ARID1A remain poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of ARID1A knockdown on the carcinogenesis features and aggressiveness of CRC cells. A human CRC cell line (Caco-2) was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to ARID1A (siARID1A) or scrambled (non-specific) siRNA (siControl). Cell death, proliferation, senescence, chemoresistance and invasion were then evaluated. In addition, formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), self-aggregation (multicellular spheroid) and secretion of an angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were examined. The results showed that ARID1A knockdown led to significant decreases in cell death and senescence. On the other hand, ARID1A knockdown enhanced cell proliferation, chemoresistance and invasion. The siARID1A-transfected cells also had greater number of PGCCs and larger spheroid size and secreted greater level of VEGF compared with the siControl-transfected cells. These data, at least in part, explain the cellular mechanisms of ARID1A deficiency in carcinogenesis and aggressiveness features of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Sueksakit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Wanida Boonmark
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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10
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Davoodvandi A, Fallahi F, Tamtaji OR, Tajiknia V, Banikazemi Z, Fathizadeh H, Abbasi-Kolli M, Aschner M, Ghandali M, Sahebkar A, Taghizadeh M, Mirzaei H. An Update on the Effects of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680400. [PMID: 34992527 PMCID: PMC8724544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their increasing prevalence, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are regarded as an important global health challenge. Microorganisms residing in the human GI tract, termed gut microbiota, encompass a large number of living organisms. The role of the gut in the regulation of the gut-mediated immune responses, metabolism, absorption of micro- and macro-nutrients and essential vitamins, and short-chain fatty acid production, and resistance to pathogens has been extensively investigated. In the past few decades, it has been shown that microbiota imbalance is associated with the susceptibility to various chronic disorders, such as obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psychiatric disorders, and various types of cancer. Emerging evidence has shown that oral administration of various strains of probiotics can protect against cancer development. Furthermore, clinical investigations suggest that probiotic administration in cancer patients decreases the incidence of postoperative inflammation. The present review addresses the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action of probiotics against GI cancers. The safety of the most commercial probiotic strains has been confirmed, and therefore these strains can be used as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant treatments for cancer prevention and improving the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, well-designed clinical studies are still needed for a better understanding of the properties and mechanisms of action of probiotic strains in mitigating GI cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fallahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Tajiknia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Banikazemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maryam Ghandali
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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11
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Oh BS, Choi WJ, Kim JS, Ryu SW, Yu SY, Lee JS, Park SH, Kang SW, Lee J, Jung WY, Kim YM, Jeong JH, Lee JH. Cell-Free Supernatant of Odoribacter splanchnicus Isolated From Human Feces Exhibits Anti-colorectal Cancer Activity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:736343. [PMID: 34867852 PMCID: PMC8638082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) has been shown to be closely associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the involvement of GM is CRC has mainly been demonstrated by metagenomic profiling studies showing the compositional difference between the GM of healthy individuals and that of CRC patients and not by directly studying isolated gut microbes. Thus, to discover novel gut microbes involved in CRC, we isolated the GM from the feces of healthy individuals and evaluated its anti-CRC activity in vitro and in vivo. After GM isolation, cell-free supernatants (CFSs) were prepared from the isolated gut microorganisms to efficiently screen a large amount of the GM for anti-proliferative ability in vitro. Our results showed that the CFSs of 21 GM isolates had anti-proliferative activity against human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. Of these 21 GM isolates, GM07 was chosen for additional study because it had the highest anti-cancer activity against mouse colon cancer CT 26 cells in vitro and was further evaluated in a CT 26 allograft mouse model in vivo. GM07 was identified as Odoribacter splanchnicus through phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Further investigation determined that the CFS of O. splanchnicus (OsCFS) induced anti-proliferative activity via apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest. Moreover, GC/MS analysis suggested that the putative active molecule in OsCFS is malic acid. Finally, in the CRC mouse model, peri-tumoral injection of OsCFS significantly decreased CRC formation, compared to the control group. Altogether, these findings will provide valuable information for the discovery of potential probiotic candidates that inhibit CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Seob Oh
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Won Jung Choi
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seoung Woo Ryu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Yu
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Se Won Kang
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Won Yong Jung
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, and Bio-energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, South Korea
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12
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Shehata HR, Newmaster SG. Enumeration of Probiotic Strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) Using Viability Real-time PCR. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1611-1620. [PMID: 34591288 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic health benefits are strain specific and are dose dependent. Hence, administering the correct strains, at the recommended doses is essential to achieve probiotic health benefits. Reliable methods are needed to facilitate probiotic strain identification and enumeration. Plate count methods are the most commonly used methods for probiotic enumeration. However, these methods are time-consuming, laborious, highly variable, and non-specific. Here, we developed a real-time PCR method for enumeration of a commonly used strain, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. The method utilizes PMAxx as a viability dye to enumerate viable cells only. Optimization of viability treatment showed that PMAxx at a final concentration of 50 μM was effective in inactivating DNA from dead cells, and that bead beating for 5 min at 3000 rpm was effective in liberating DNA. The assay demonstrated high efficiency between 93 and 102%, with R2 values > 0.99. The assay showed high precision with relative standard deviation (RSD%) below 2.3%. Assay performance was compared to a plate count method in which there was a strong correlation between both methods (Pearson r = 0.8443). This method offers a 10 × shorter time for results and a higher precision compared to plate count methods. Furthermore, this method enables specific enumeration of L. rhamnosus GG in multi-strain products, which is not possible to achieve using plate count methods. This novel method facilitates faster and more accurate enumeration of L. rhamnosus GG as a raw ingredient as well as in finished products which enables better quality assurance and efficacy of probiotics for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R Shehata
- College of Biological Science, NHP Research Alliance, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Steven G Newmaster
- College of Biological Science, NHP Research Alliance, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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13
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Mokriani S, Tukmechi A, Harzandi N, Jabalameli L. In vivo murine breast cancer targeting by magnetic iron nanoparticles involving L. GG cytoplasmic fraction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:682-689. [PMID: 34249271 PMCID: PMC8244610 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54961.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use of chemical anti-cancer drugs frequently creates serious side effects. However, probiotics are natural and treat different kinds of cancer without undesired effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a nano delivery system was planned to transport the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. GG) cytoplasmic fraction (Cf) to cancerous tissue in a mouse model. Magnetic iron nanoparticles (MINPs) were synthesized and loaded with L. GG-Cf(0, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/ml) and were administrated for three weeks to treat experimentally induced murine breast cancer in a constant magnetic field. At the end of the trial, the treating efficacy of this complex molecule was evaluated via western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. RESULTS Results showed that MINPS can deliver and accumulate L. GG-Cf in cancer tissue, and reduce the size and volume of the tumors. Additionally, in cancer tissues of treated mice with 2.5 mg/ml of Cf-MINPs, significantly induced apoptosis was seen compared with untreated mice (control), and our data proved that this induction may be due to the caspase-3 pathway. CONCLUSION L. GG-Cf could treat murine breast cancer, and MINPs are a suitable candidate for drug delivery because of their safety, uniformity, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Mokriani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Amir Tukmechi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azarbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Naser Harzandi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz province, Iran
| | - Leila Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
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14
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Badgeley A, Anwar H, Modi K, Murphy P, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Effect of probiotics and gut microbiota on anti-cancer drugs: Mechanistic perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188494. [PMID: 33346129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria present in probiotics, particularly the common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microbes, have been found to induce anti-cancer action by enhancing cancer cell apoptosis and protecting against oxidative stress. Probiotics supplements also decrease the cancer-producing microorganism Fusobacterium. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota modifies the effect of chemo/radiation therapy. Gut microbes not only enhance the action of chemotherapy drugs but also reduce the side effects of these medications. Additionally, gut microbes reduce immunotherapy toxicity, in particular, the presence of Bacteroidetes or Bifidobacterium decreases the development of colitis by ipilimumab therapy. Probiotics supplements containing Bifidobacterium also reduce chemotherapy-induced mucositis and radiation-induced diarrhea. This review focused on elucidating the mechanism behind the anti-cancer action of Bifidobacterium species. Available studies have revealed Bifidobacterium species decrease cancer cell proliferation via the inhibition of growth factor signaling as well as inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, Bifidobacterium species reduce the adverse effects of chemo/immuno/radiation therapy by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Further clinical studies are needed to identify the powerful and suitable Bifidobacterium strain for the development of adjuvant therapy to support chemo/immuno/radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja Badgeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paige Murphy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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15
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Jaskulski IB, Uecker J, Bordini F, Moura F, Gonçalves T, Chaves NG, Camargo F, Grecco FB, Fiorentini ÂM, da Silva WP, Andreazza R, Pieniz S. In vivo action of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolate (R7) with probiotic potential in the stabilization of cancer cells in the colorectal epithelium. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Yasuda S, Horinaka M, Sakai T. Sulforaphane enhances apoptosis induced by Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 via the TNFα pathway in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4253-4261. [PMID: 31579089 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane and Lactobacilli induce apoptosis in several cancer cells. Sulforaphane, a dietary isothiocyanate, is an attractive agent due to its potent anticancer effects. Sulforaphane suppresses the proliferation of various cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated the effect of sulforaphane and a co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in human colon cancer cells. The combination markedly induced apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 and SW480 cells. A pan-caspase inhibitor markedly inhibited apoptosis, and a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor/Fc chimera partially inhibited apoptosis in both cells. The amount of TNFα secretion in the culture supernatant was significantly increased by co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated normal human PBMCs. On the other hand, the expression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2 (cIAP-2), an anti-apoptotic protein, was increased by co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated PBMCs in colon cancer cells, but sulforaphane treatment significantly suppressed the induction of cIAP-2. The present results revealed that sulforaphane enhances apoptosis in human colon cancer cells under co-culture with Lactobacillus-treated PBMCs via the TNFα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Assessment of the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kefir grains: evaluation of adhesion and antiproliferative properties in in vitro experimental systems. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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18
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Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and in medium containing bile, and to adhere to enterocytes. Furthermore LGG is able to produces both a biofilm that can mechanically protect the mucosa, and different soluble factors beneficial to the gut by enhancing intestinal crypt survival, diminishing apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium, and preserving cytoskeletal integrity. Moreover LGG thanks to its lectin-like protein 1 and 2 inhibits some pathogens such as Salmonella species. Finally LGG is able to promote type 1 immune-responsiveness by reducing the expression of several activation and inflammation markers on monocytes and by increasing the production of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α in macrophages. A large number of research data on Lactobacillus GG is the basis for the use of this probiotic for human health. In this review we have considered predominantly randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis, Cochrane Review, guide lines of Scientific Societies and anyway studies whose results were evaluated by means of relative risk, odds ratio, weighted mean difference 95% confidence interval. The effectiveness of LGG in gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea, antibiotic and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory tract infections, allergy, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cystic fibrosis, cancer, elderly end sport were analyzed.
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19
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Vivarelli S, Salemi R, Candido S, Falzone L, Santagati M, Stefani S, Torino F, Banna GL, Tonini G, Libra M. Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010038. [PMID: 30609850 PMCID: PMC6356461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial pathology and it represents the second leading cause of death worldwide. In the recent years, numerous studies highlighted the dual role of the gut microbiota in preserving host’s health. Gut resident bacteria are able to produce a number of metabolites and bioproducts necessary to protect host’s and gut’s homeostasis. Conversely, several microbiota subpopulations may expand during pathological dysbiosis and therefore produce high levels of toxins capable, in turn, to trigger both inflammation and tumorigenesis. Importantly, gut microbiota can interact with the host either modulating directly the gut epithelium or the immune system. Numerous gut populating bacteria, called probiotics, have been identified as protective against the genesis of tumors. Given their capability of preserving gut homeostasis, probiotics are currently tested to help to fight dysbiosis in cancer patients subjected to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Most recently, three independent studies show that specific gut resident species may potentiate the positive outcome of anti-cancer immunotherapy. The highly significant studies, uncovering the tight association between gut microbiota and tumorigenesis, as well as gut microbiota and anti-cancer therapy, are here described. The role of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), as the most studied probiotic model in cancer, is also reported. Overall, according to the findings here summarized, novel strategies integrating probiotics, such as LGG, with conventional anti-cancer therapies are strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Oncologic, Clinic and General Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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20
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Huang CH, Li SW, Huang L, Watanabe K. Identification and Classification for the Lactobacillus casei Group. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1974. [PMID: 30186277 PMCID: PMC6113361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus are phenotypically and genotypically closely related, and together comprise the L. casei group. Although the strains of this group are commercially valuable as probiotics, the taxonomic status and nomenclature of the L. casei group have long been contentious because of the difficulties in identifying these three species by using the most frequently used genotypic methodology of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Long used as the gold standard for species classification, DNA–DNA hybridization is laborious, requires expert skills, and is difficult to use routinely in laboratories. Currently, genome-based comparisons, including average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), are commonly applied to bacterial taxonomy as alternatives to the gold standard method for the demarcating phylogenetic relationships. To establish quick and accurate methods for identifying strains in the L. casei group at the species and subspecies levels, we developed species- and subspecies-specific identification methods based on housekeeping gene sequences and whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) spectral pattern analysis. By phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated housekeeping gene sequences (dnaJ, dnaK, mutL, pheS, and yycH), 53 strains were separated into four clusters corresponding to the four species: L. casei, L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus chiayiensis sp. nov. A multiplex minisequencing assay using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-specific primers based on the dnaK gene sequences and species-specific primers based on the mutL gene sequences provided high resolution that enabled the strains at the species level to be identified as L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus. By MALDI-TOF MS analysis coupled with an internal database and ClinProTools software, species- and subspecies-level L. casei group strains were identified based on reliable scores and species- and subspecies-specific MS peaks. The L. paracasei strains were distinguished clearly at the subspecies level based on subspecies-specific MS peaks. This article describes the rapid and accurate methods used for identification and classification of strains in the L. casei group based on housekeeping gene sequences and MALDI-TOF MS analysis as well as the novel speciation of this group including L. chiayiensis sp. nov. and ‘Lactobacillus zeae’ by genome-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lina Huang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Salmanzadeh R, Eskandani M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Vandghanooni S, Ilghami R, Maleki H, Saeeidi N, Omidi Y. Propyl gallate (PG) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) may alter the potential anti-cancer behavior of probiotics. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Huang CH, Huang L. Rapid species- and subspecies-specific level classification and identification of Lactobacillus casei group members using MALDI Biotyper combined with ClinProTools. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:979-991. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Hasannejad Bibalan M, Eshaghi M, Rohani M, Esghaei M, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Pourshafie MR, Talebi M. Isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. reuteri display greater antiproliferative and antipathogenic activity than other Lactobacillus isolates. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1416-1420. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Eshaghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Banna GL, Torino F, Marletta F, Santagati M, Salemi R, Cannarozzo E, Falzone L, Ferraù F, Libra M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: An Overview to Explore the Rationale of Its Use in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:603. [PMID: 28919861 PMCID: PMC5585742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the western world. In the era of precision medicine, a significant number of cancer patients can be cured with several anti-cancer therapeutic regimens. However, therapy failure may be caused by treatment side effects, such as diarrhea, especially occurring in patients with gastrointestinal or pelvic malignancies. In particular, diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal toxicity during cancer treatment and it can result from nearly bot chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies currently used. Diarrhea has a serious impact on patients’ quality of life and treatment dosing and schedule modification due to its severity can negatively influence treatment outcomes. In this context, probiotics may play an interesting role in several human diseases with an inflammatory bowel involvement and, among these, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is one of the most characterized and utilized. In particular, LGG is able to reverse intestinal dysbiosis and moderate diarrhea. Moreover, preclinical studies have documented its effects in reducing chronic inflammation associated with cancer development. This review summarizes the preclinical results of LGG on cancer cells proliferation and tumor invasion as well as the potential role of LGG use in cancer patients for the prevention and management of diarrhea associated with cancer treatment. Overall, these encouraging data support further investigation on the use of LGG in stratified patients undergoing specific therapeutic protocols, including chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy, in order to reduce the development of severe diarrhea and thus improve the adherence to the therapy and patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of RomeRome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Elisa Cannarozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferraù
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Vincenzo HospitalTaormina, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
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25
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Saxami G, Karapetsas A, Lamprianidou E, Kotsianidis I, Chlichlia A, Tassou C, Zoumpourlis V, Galanis A. Two potential probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from olive microbiota exhibit adhesion and anti-proliferative effects in cancer cell lines. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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