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Hu X, Huang S, Ye S, Jiang J. The Natural Product Oridonin as an Anticancer Agent: Current Achievements and Problems. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:655-664. [PMID: 37605407 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230821110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Oridonin, an active diterpenoid isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has received a rising attention for its remarkable roles in cancer therapy. In recent years, increasing evidences have revealed that oridonin inhibits the occurrence and development of tumor cells through multiple mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis and autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of angiogenesis as well as migration and invasion. In addition, several molecular signal targets have been identified, including ROS, EGFR, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. In this paper, we review considerable knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and signal targets of oridonin, which has been studied in recent years. It is expected that oridonin may be developed as a novel anti-tumor herbal medicine in human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shiying Ye
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
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Saadh MJ, Baher H, Li Y, Chaitanya M, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Allela OQB, Mahdi MH, Carlos Cotrina-Aliaga J, Lakshmaiya N, Ahjel S, Amin AH, Gilmer Rosales Rojas G, Ameen F, Ahsan M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The bioengineered and multifunctional nanoparticles in pancreatic cancer therapy: Bioresponisive nanostructures, phototherapy and targeted drug delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116490. [PMID: 37354932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary approaches in treatment of cancer appear to be essential in term of bringing benefits of several disciplines and their coordination in tumor elimination. Because of the biological and malignant features of cancer cells, they have ability of developing resistance to conventional therapies such as chemo- and radio-therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease of gastrointestinal tract in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy are main tools in its treatment, and recently, nanocarriers have been emerged as promising structures in its therapy. The bioresponsive nanocarriers are able to respond to pH and redox, among others, in targeted delivery of cargo for specific treatment of PC. The loading drugs on the nanoparticles that can be synthetic or natural compounds, can help in more reduction in progression of PC through enhancing their intracellular accumulation in cancer cells. The encapsulation of genes in the nanoparticles can protect against degradation and promotes intracellular accumulation in tumor suppression. A new kind of therapy for cancer is phototherapy in which nanoparticles can stimulate both photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy through hyperthermia and ROS overgeneration to trigger cell death in PC. Therefore, synergistic therapy of phototherapy with chemotherapy is performed in accelerating tumor suppression. One of the important functions of nanotechnology is selective targeting of PC cells in reducing side effects on normal cells. The nanostructures are capable of being surface functionalized with aptamers, proteins and antibodies to specifically target PC cells in suppressing their progression. Therefore, a specific therapy for PC is provided and future implications for diagnosis of PC is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Baher
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasonography Techniques, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yuanji Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mvnl Chaitanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salam Ahjel
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Measurememts and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Gao S, Tan H, Li D. Oridonin suppresses gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell proliferation by targeting the TNF-alpha/androgen receptor/TGF-beta signalling pathway axis. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2661-2674. [PMID: 37431884 PMCID: PMC10494293 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Statistics provided by GLOBOCAN list gastric cancer as the sixth most common, with a mortality ranking of third highest for the year 2020. In China, a herb called Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) H.Hara, has been used by local residents for the treatment of digestive tract cancer for hundreds of years. Oridonin, the main ingredient of the herb, has a curative effect for gastric cancer, but the mechanism has not been previously clarified. This study mainly aimed to investigate the role of TNF-alpha/Androgen receptor/TGF-beta signalling pathway axis in mediating the proliferation inhibition of oridonin on gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. MTT assay, cell morphology observation assay and fluorescence assay were adopted to study the efficacy of oridonin on cell proliferation. The network pharmacology was used to predict the pathway axis regulated by oridonin. Western blot assay was adopted to verify the TNF-α/Androgen receptor/TGF-β signalling pathway axis regulation on gastric cancer by oridonin. The results showed Oridonin could inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, change cell morphology and cause cell nuclear fragmentation. A total of 11signaling pathways were annotated by the network pharmacology, among them, Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signalling pathway, androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signalling pathway account for the largest proportion. Oridonin can regulate the protein expression of the three signalling pathways, which is consistent with the results predicted by network pharmacology. These findings indicated that oridonin can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by regulating the TNF-α /AR /TGF-β signalling pathway axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Gao
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research CenterHarbin University of CommerceHarbinChina
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor DrugsHarbinChina
| | - Huixin Tan
- Department of PharmacyFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medicine UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Dan Li
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research CenterHarbin University of CommerceHarbinChina
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor DrugsHarbinChina
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Zhou F, Gao H, Shang L, Li J, Zhang M, Wang S, Li R, Ye L, Yang S. Oridonin promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress via TP53-repressed TCF4 transactivation in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:150. [PMID: 37337284 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer and cancer death rate are increasing every year, and the affected population is becoming younger. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy has a unique effect in prolonging survival time and improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Oridonin has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in a variety of tumors, but the exact mechanism remains to be investigated. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assay, Tranwell, and Wound healing assays were performed to measure cell proliferation, invasion, and migration capacities, respectively. The protein and mRNA expression levels of various molecules were reflected by Western blot and Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) and its target genes were analyzed by Position Weight Matrices (PWMs) software and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Immunofluorescence (IF) was performed to visualize the expression and position of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers. The morphology of the ER was demonstrated by the ER tracker-red. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels were measured using a flow cytometer (FCM) or fluorescent staining. Calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration was quantified by Fluo-3 AM staining. Athymic nude mice were modeled with subcutaneous xenografts. RESULTS Oridonin inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer, and this effect was weakened in a concentration-dependent manner by ER stress inhibitors. In addition, oridonin-induced colorectal tumor cells showed increased expression of ER stress biomarkers, loose morphology of ER, increased vesicles, and irregular shape. TCF4 was identified as a regulator of ER stress by PWMs software and GEO survival analysis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that TCF4 inhibited ER stress, reduced ROS production, and maintained Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, oridonin also activated TP53 and inhibited TCF4 transactivation, further exacerbating the elevated ROS levels and calcium ion release in tumor cells and inhibiting tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Oridonin upregulated TP53, inhibited TCF4 transactivation, and induced ER stress dysregulation in tumor cells, promoting colorectal cancer cell death. Therefore, TCF4 may be one of the important nodes for tumor cells to regulate ER stress and maintain protein synthesis homeostasis. And the inhibition of the TP53/TCF4 axis plays a key role in the anti-cancer effects of oridonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luorui Shang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinxiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Shenglan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Zhao M, Yang Y, Nian Q, Shen C, Xiao X, Liao W, Zheng Q, Zhang G, Chen N, Gong D, Tang J, Wen Y, Zeng J. Phytochemicals and mitochondria: Therapeutic allies against gastric cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154608. [PMID: 36586205 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the energy factories of cells with the ability to modulate the cell cycle, cellular differentiation, signal transduction, growth, and apoptosis. Existing drugs targeting mitochondria in cancer treatment have disadvantages of drug resistance and side effects. Phytochemicals, which are widely found in plants, are bioactive compounds that could facilitate the development of new drugs for gastric cancer. Studies have shown that some phytochemicals can suppress the development of gastric cancer. METHODS We searched for data from PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and Embase databases from initial establishment to December 2021 to review the mechanism by which phytochemicals suppress gastric cancer cell growth by modulating mitochondrial function. Phytochemicals were classified and summarized by their mechanisms of action. RESULTS Phytochemicals can interfere with mitochondria through several mechanisms to reach the goal of promoting apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Some phytochemicals, e.g., daidzein and tetrandrine promoted cytochrome c spillover into the cytoplasm by modulating the members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein family and induced apoptotic body activity by activating the caspase protein family. Phytochemicals (e.g., celastrol and shikonin) could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential. Several phytochemicals (e.g., berberine and oleanolic acid) activated mitochondrial apoptotic submission via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, thereby triggering apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Several well-known phytochemicals that target mitochondria, including berberine, ginsenoside, and baicalein, showed the advantages of multiple targets, high efficacy, and fewer side effects. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemicals could target the mitochondria in the treatment of gastric cancer, providing potential directions and evidence for clinical translation. Drug discovery focused on phytochemicals has great potential to break barriers in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Endoscopy center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
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Hu Y, Cui Q, Ma D, Jin W, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu Y. Key Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Active Volatile Components of Rabdosia rubescens in Gastric Cancer Cells. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 18:493-505. [PMID: 36200190 PMCID: PMC9986972 DOI: 10.2174/1573409918666221003091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect and mechanism of volatile components of Rabdosia rubescens on gastric cancer. METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect and identify the volatile components of R. rubescens. The network pharmacology method was used to analyze the targets of volatile components of R. rubescens in gastric cancer and to reveal their molecular mechanisms. The effects of volatile components of R. rubescens on gastric cancer cells were verified by biological experiments. RESULTS Thirteen volatile components of R. rubescens were selected as pharmacologically active components. The 13 active components had 83 targets in gastric cancer, and a Traditional Chinese Medicine-component-targets gastric cancer network was successfully constructed. Five core targets were obtained: TNF, IL1B, MMP9, PTGS2 and CECL8. The volatile components inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner and promoted the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The volatile components reduced the levels of TNF, IL1B, MPP9, and PTGS2 in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the effects of volatile components in R. rubescens on gastric cancer and provides preliminary findings on their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Qingli Cui
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Dongyang Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yingyue Li
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Youqi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
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Fan Y, Ren X, Wang Y, Xu E, Wang S, Ge R, Liu Y. Metformin inhibits the proliferation of canine mammary gland tumor cells through the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:852. [PMID: 34733370 PMCID: PMC8561621 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As an anti-diabetic drug, metformin has been demonstrated to exhibit antitumor effects. However, the mechanisms involved in decreasing tumor formation, including canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs), are not well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of metformin to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CMGT cells, as well as identifying the pathways underlying these effects. Cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis following treating with metformin. Subsequently, apoptosis and cell cycle progression were assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of associated proteins was examined. Expression levels of classical AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) were then investigated using western blot analysis. Metformin inhibited the proliferation of CHMm cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Specifically, metformin induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phases, accompanied by increased expression of p21 and p27, and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4. Marked levels of apoptosis were observed in CHMm cells alongside the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Also, the level of Bcl-2 was decreased, and that of Bax was increased. The expression of associated signaling molecules revealed that metformin markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in CHMm cells, and decreased the levels of phosphorylated (p-)AKT, p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1, while Compound C reversed these changes. These findings demonstrated that metformin may be a potential therapeutic agent for CMGTs, acting via the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Enshuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Ruidong Ge
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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Li X, Zhang CT, Ma W, Xie X, Huang Q. Oridonin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645824. [PMID: 34295243 PMCID: PMC8289702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, as a natural terpenoids found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Isodon rubescens (Hemsl.) H.Hara, is widely present in numerous Chinese medicine preparations. The purpose of this review focuses on providing the latest and comprehensive information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of oridonin, to excavate the therapeutic potential and explore promising ways to balance toxicity and efficacy of this natural compound. Information concerning oridonin was systematically collected from the authoritative internet database of PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PMC applying a combination of keywords involving "pharmacology," "pharmacokinetics," and "toxicology". New evidence shows that oridonin possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatorenal activities as well as cardioprotective protective activities and so on. Although significant advancement has been witnessed in this field, some basic and intricate issues still exist such as the specific mechanism of oridonin against related diseases not being clear. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicated that oridonin may exhibit adverse effects, even toxicity under specific circumstances, which sparked intense debate and concern about security of oridonin. Based on the current progress, future research directions should emphasize on 1) investigating the interrelationship between concentration and pharmacological effects as well as toxicity, 2) reducing pharmacological toxicity, and 3) modifying the structure of oridonin-one of the pivotal approaches to strengthen pharmacological activity and bioavailability. We hope that this review can provide some inspiration for the research of oridonin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory, School of Pharmacy, College of Medical Technology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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Lin J, Wu S, Ye S, Papa APD, Yang J, Huang S, Arthur G, Zhuge Q, Zhang Y. Oridonin interrupts cellular bioenergetics to suppress glioma cell growth by down-regulating PCK2. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2624-2638. [PMID: 33438793 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the tumor metabolic suppressive activity of Oridonin (extract of Rabdosia rubescens) in glioma and elucidate its potential mechanism. Effects of Oridonin on U251/U87 cells were determined by CCK8, RTCA, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell assay. Xenograft tumor model to evaluate the effect of Oridonin on glioma cells in vivo. Cellular bioenergetics were measured by Seahorse. RNA-seq was performed to screen potential biological pathways in Oridonin treated cells. Bioinformatics analysis of PCK2 in glioma was performed based on TCGA/CGGA. Endogenous PCK2 was knocked-down by lentivirus packaged shRNA. We found Oridonin significantly inhibited cell growth in U251/U87 in vitro and in vivo. Both oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were decreased in Oridonin-treated U251/U87 cells. Oridonin treatment led to PCK2 down-regulation. Additionally, PCK2 was up-regulated in higher grade glioma and correlated with poor outcomes. Furthermore, PCK2 depletion significantly inhibited cell growth and decreased OCR/ECAR in U251/U87 which coincided with the effects of Oridonin. Therefore, we evaluated the potent anti-tumor property of Oridonin in glioma. Importantly, we demonstrated that PCK2 might be a novel target of Oridonin on glioma by inducing energy crisis and increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhu Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Akuetteh Percy David Papa
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Chopra B, Dhingra AK. Natural products: A lead for drug discovery and development. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4660-4702. [PMID: 33847440 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are used since ancient times in folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived products have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. A literature survey has been carried out to determine the utility of natural molecules and their modified analogs or derivatives as pharmacological active entities. This review presents a study on the importance of natural products in terms of drug discovery and development. It describes how the natural components can be utilized after small modifications in new perspectives. Various new modifications in structure offer a unique opportunity to establish a new molecular entity with better pharmacological potential. It was concluded that in this current era, new attempts are taken to utilize the compounds derived from natural sources as novel drug candidates, with a focus to find and discover new effective molecules that were referred to as "new entities of natural product drug discovery."
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
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11
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Yang Q, Ma W, Yu K, Zhang Q, Ye Z, Xia W, Li S. Oridonin Suppresses Human Gastric Cancer Growth in Vitro and in Vivo via Inhibition of VEGF, Integrin β3, and PCNA. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1035-1045. [PMID: 32612067 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The diterpenoid oridonin is an extract from the herb Rabdosia rubescens, commonly used in Traditional Chinese medicine. Oridonin has putative inhibitory activity in many human cancers. This study continued investigations into the therapeutic potential of oridonin against gastric carcinoma, and the underlying mechanism. An in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with BGC823 cells was used to examine the cytotoxicity and apoptosis associated with oridonin treatment. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry results showed evaluated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), integrin β3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in BGC823 cells, or BGC823 xenografts nude mice. The inhibitory effect of oridonin was determined in vivo using the xenograft model, comparing tumor weight and volume, and calculating the tumor inhibition rate. The oridonin treatment and control groups were compared for associations between microvessel density and tumor inhibition rate, VEGF mRNA, integrin β3 mRNA, and PCNA protein. The IC50s of oridonin at 12 and 72 h were 17.08 ± 2.38 and 8.76 ± 0.90 µg/mL, respectively. VEGF protein levels dramatically decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner with oridonin treatment. BGC823 xenograft growth was notably less in the oridonin treatment groups, responding in a dose-dependent manner. After 14 d of treatment, VEGF, integrin β3, and PCNA levels were dramatically lower, and positively correlated with CD31 levels. Oridonin was associated with inhibition of BGC823 cell growth and tumor angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo, in a dose-and-time dependent manner with lower levels of VEGF, integrin β3, and PCNA. Oridonin is a potential candidate agent for chemotherapy of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College
| | - Wengdong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College
| | - Zaiyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College
| | - Shuguang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebe North University
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12
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Oridonin inhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/matrix metallopeptidase-9 signal pathway in gallbladder cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:925-932. [PMID: 31517732 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia has crucial roles in cancer development and progression. Our previous study indicated that cell migration was increased in a hypoxic microenvironment in GBC-SD gallbladder cancer (GBC) cells. Oridonin, a bioactive diterpenoid compound that is isolated from the plant Rabdosia rubescens, has been identified as an anticancer agent in various types of cancer. However, its roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in a hypoxic microenvironment and the associated regulatory mechanisms have not yet to be fully elucidated in GBC. The present study investigated the effect of oridonin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, the cell cycle and cell migration in GBC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the role of oridonin in hypoxia-induced cell migration and its underlying mechanisms were explored in GBC. The results indicated that treatment with oridonin significantly suppressed cell proliferation and the metastatic ability of GBC-SD cells in a dose-dependent manner, increased the level of cell apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Further experiments demonstrated that oridonin could inhibit hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration by downregulating the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9. In addition, oridonin suppressed GBC cell growth and downregulated the expression levels of HIF-1α and MMP-9 in a GBC-SD cell xenograft model. Taken together, these results suggest that oridonin possesses anticancer properties in GBC. Notably, oridonin can suppress tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration by targeting the HIF-1α/MMP-9 signaling pathway.
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13
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The Curcumin Analogue, MS13 (1,5-Bis(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one), Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Primary and Metastatic Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173798. [PMID: 32825505 PMCID: PMC7504349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on colon cancer have been well documented but specific structural modifications of curcumin have been shown to possess greater growth-suppressive potential on colon cancer than curcumin. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the anti-cancer properties of curcumin analogue-MS13, a diarylpentanoid on the cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) human colon cancer cells. A cell viability assay showed that MS13 has greater cytotoxicity effect on SW480 (EC50: 7.5 ± 2.8 µM) and SW620 (EC50: 5.7 ± 2.4 µM) compared to curcumin (SW480, EC50: 30.6 ± 1.4 µM) and SW620, EC50: 26.8 ± 2.1 µM). Treatment with MS13 at two different doses 1X EC50 and 2X EC50 suppressed the colon cancer cells growth with lower cytotoxicity against normal cells. A greater anti-proliferative effect was also observed in MS13 treated colon cancer cells compared to curcumin at 48 and 72 h. Subsequent analysis on the induction of apoptosis showed that MS13 treated cells exhibited morphological features associated with apoptosis. The findings are also consistent with cellular apoptotic activities shown by increased caspase-3 activity and decreased Bcl-2 protein level in both colon cancer cell lines. In conclusion, MS13 able to suppress colon cancer cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in primary and metastatic human colon cancer cells.
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14
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Kang N, Cao S, Jiang B, Zhang Q, Donkor PO, Zhu Y, Qiu F, Gao X. Cetuximab enhances oridonin-induced apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104885. [PMID: 32407876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab plus oridonin showed a synergistic way to kill laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), as been reported previously. The present work further mechanistically extended action of the synergistic effects of combination treatment. Firstly, two LSCC cells displayed higher sensitivity to oridonin, whereas both low EGFR expression tumor cells and EGFR knockdown LSCC cells were less sensitive to oridonin. Next, cetuximab/oridonin significantly enhanced the mitochondrial apoptosis through NF-κB. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways are associated with the nucleus translocation of NF-κB by combination treatment. Additionally, cetuximab enhanced oridonin-promoted ER stress-related apoptosis. Interestingly, both ER stress and mitochondrial apoptosis by combination treatment are abrogated by ROS scavenger. Furthermore, oridonin/cetuximab induced ROS production after 1.5 h, followed by G2/M arrest and apoptosis, indicating that ROS generation might be an early and key event. Taken together, cetuximab enhances oridonin-induced ER stress and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which contributes to the synergistic antitumor effects of cetuximab/oridonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Shijie Cao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Benke Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China; Faculty of Life Sciences and Biological Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Paul Owusu Donkor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, P.O. Box 52, Ghana
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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15
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Xu L, Bi Y, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhang S, Chen J. Oridonin inhibits the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4480-4493. [PMID: 32168416 PMCID: PMC7176879 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a severe malignant with high morbidity; however, few effective and secure therapeutic strategy is used in current clinical practice. Oridonin is a small molecule from the traditional Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens. This study mainly aimed to investigate the role of oridonin on inhibiting the process of H1688, a kind of small cell lung cancer cells from human. Oridonin could suppress H1688 cell proliferation and induce their apoptosis in a high dosage treatment (20 μmol/L). Meanwhile, cell migration was suppressed by oridonin (5 and 10 μmol/L) that did not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression level of E-cadherin was significantly increased, and the expression of vimentin, snail and slug was reduced after administration of oridonin. These expression changes were associated with the suppressed integrin β1, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and ERK1/2. In addition, oridonin (5 and 10 mg/kg) inhibited tumour growth in a nude mouse model; however, HE staining revealed a certain degree of cytotoxicity in hepatic tissue after treatment oridonin (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, the concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALP) was significantly increased and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced after oridonin treatment (10 mg/kg). Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed that oridonin increased E-cadherin expression and reduced vimentin and phospho-FAK levels in vivo. These findings indicated that oridonin can inhibit the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SCLC cells by suppressing the FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Thus, oridonin may be a new drug candidate to offer an effect of anti-SCLC with relative safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratorial Examination, Air Force Hangzhou Special Service Recuperation Center Sanatorium Area 3, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuocheng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Mechanistic Pathways and Molecular Targets of Plant-Derived Anticancer ent-Kaurane Diterpenes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010144. [PMID: 31963204 PMCID: PMC7023344 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1961, more than 1300 ent-kaurane diterpenoids have been isolated and identified from different plant sources, mainly the genus Isodon. Chemically, they consist of a perhydrophenanthrene subunit and a cyclopentane ring. A large number of reports describe the anticancer potential and mechanism of action of ent-kaurane compounds in a series of cancer cell lines. Oridonin is one of the prime anticancer ent-kaurane diterpenoids that is currently in a phase-I clinical trial in China. In this review, we have extensively summarized the anticancer activities of ent-kaurane diterpenoids according to their plant sources, mechanistic pathways, and biological targets. Literature analysis found that anticancer effect of ent-kauranes are mainly mediated through regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and metastasis. Induction of apoptosis is associated with modulation of BCL-2, BAX, PARP, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3, -8, and -9, while cell cycle arrest is controlled by cyclin D1, c-Myc, p21, p53, and CDK-2 and -4. The most common metastatic target proteins of ent-kauranes are MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and VEGFR whereas LC-II and mTOR are key regulators to induce autophagy.
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17
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Ren DL, Ghoorun RA, Wu XH, Chen HL, Zhou Q, Wu XB. Oridonin induces apoptosis in HGC-27 cells by activating the JNK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:255-260. [PMID: 31897137 PMCID: PMC6923929 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a very common type of cancer. Although current treatment modalities include surgical resection and chemotherapy, many patients are either not eligible for radical resection or have a poor response to chemotherapy. Due to the complex features of the disease, there is a need for complementary therapy. In the present study, the effects of oridonin on cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were assessed in the HGC-27 cell line using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, real-time cell analysis, and an Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) detection kit, respectively. The effect of oridonin on apoptosis, through the JNK pathway, was also investigated using western blotting. The present study demonstrated that oridonin can suppress cell viability and inhibit cell proliferation by inducing G2/M arrest. Oridonin also induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in cells by activating the phosphorylated-JNK/C-JUN pathway. These results demonstrate the potential of oridonin as a potential therapeutic compound for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lin Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Roshan Ara Ghoorun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Longhu People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Lei Chen
- Department of Endoscopy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, P.R. China
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18
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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19
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An W, Lai H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lin X, Cao S. Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31354479 PMCID: PMC6639427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway of cancer cells and shown clinically beneficial effects in cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion for the role, pharmacology, related biology, and possible mechanism(s) of a number of important anticancer TCMs and their derivatives mainly targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway. It may have important clinical implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Honglin Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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20
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Bi E, Liu D, Li Y, Mao X, Wang A, Wang J. Oridonin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells by enhancement of p53 expression and function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7599. [PMID: 30462771 PMCID: PMC6247279 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive role of oridonin, an active compound extracted from Rabdosia rubescens, has been proven in several gastric cancer (GC) cell lines. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of oridonin on another GC cell line, SNU-216, and explore the potential mechanisms. The viable cell numbers, cell migration, survival fraction, and cell viability were, respectively, evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay, wound healing assay, clonogenic assay, and CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry assay and western blot. The expression of p53 was inhibited by transient transfection, and the efficiency was verified by western blot. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of p53. Western blot was used to evaluate the protein expression of apoptosis, DNA damage and p53 function related factors. We found that oridonin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and survivability, and enhanced cell apoptosis in SNU-216 cells. However, it had no influence on HEK293 cell viability. Oridonin also remarkably enhanced the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin on SNU-216 cells, as it significantly increased apoptotic cells and decreased cell viability. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of p53 was significantly up-regulated in oridonin-treated cells, while Mdm2 expression was down-regulated. Furthermore, oridonin enhanced p53 function and induced DNA damage. Knockdown of p53 or employing the caspase inhibitor, Boc-D-FMK, reversed the effect of oridonin on cell viability and apoptosis-related protein expression. The present study demonstrated that oridonin exhibited an anti-tumor effect on GC SNU-216 cells through regulating p53 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxu Bi
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dengqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Youxi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuying Mao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Huangdao Branch, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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21
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Qiu W, Chen R, Chen X, Zhang H, Song L, Cui W, Zhang J, Ye D, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Oridonin-loaded and GPC1-targeted gold nanoparticles for multimodal imaging and therapy in pancreatic cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6809-6827. [PMID: 30425490 PMCID: PMC6205542 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s177993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early diagnosis and therapy are critical to improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. However, conventional imaging does not significantly increase the capability to detect early stage disease. In this study, we developed a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods We developed a theranostic nanoparticle (NP) based on gold nanocages (AuNCs) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) and conjugated with anti-Glypican-1 (anti-GPC1) antibody, oridonin (ORI), gadolinium (Gd), and Cy7 dye. We assessed the characteristics of GPC1-Gd-ORI@HAuNCs-Cy7 NPs (ORI-GPC1-NPs) including morphology, hydrodynamic size, stability, and surface chemicals. We measured the drug loading and release efficiency in vitro. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and therapeutic capabilities were tested in vitro and in vivo. Results ORI-GPC1-NPs demonstrated long-time stability and fluorescent/MRI properties. Bio-transmission electron microscopy (bio-TEM) imaging showed that ORI-GPC1-NPs were endocytosed into PANC-1 and BXPC-3 (overexpression GPC1) but not in 293 T cells (GPC1- negative). Compared with ORI and ORI-NPs, ORI-GPC1-NPs significantly inhibited the viability and enhanced the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, blood tests suggested that ORI-GPC1-NPs showed negligible toxicity. In vivo studies showed that ORI-GPC1-NPs enabled multimodal imaging and targeted therapy in pancreatic tumor xenografted mice. Conclusion ORI-GPC1-NP is a promising theranostic platform for the simultaneous diagnosis and effective treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Qiu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Ye
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China,
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22
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Luo DD, Peng K, Yang JY, Piyachaturawat P, Saengsawang W, Ao L, Zhao WZ, Tang Y, Wan SB. Structural modification of oridonin via DAST induced rearrangement. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29548-29554. [PMID: 35547324 PMCID: PMC9085272 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol was developed for the syntheses of oridonin analogues, i.e. 6,20-epoxy ent-kaurane diterpenoid analogues from oridonin via diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) promoted rearrangement, most of which exhibited superior anticancer activities compared with their precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Luo
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Yushan Road 5 Qingdao 266003 China +86-532-82031087
| | - Kai Peng
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Yushan Road 5 Qingdao 266003 China +86-532-82031087
| | - Jia-Yu Yang
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Yushan Road 5 Qingdao 266003 China +86-532-82031087
| | | | - Witchuda Saengsawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Lei Ao
- The Nanjing Han & Zaenker Cancer Institute (NHZCI), Nanjing OGpharma Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210036 China
| | - Wan-Zhou Zhao
- The Nanjing Han & Zaenker Cancer Institute (NHZCI), Nanjing OGpharma Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210036 China
| | - Yu Tang
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Yushan Road 5 Qingdao 266003 China +86-532-82031087
| | - Sheng-Biao Wan
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Yushan Road 5 Qingdao 266003 China +86-532-82031087
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23
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Oridonin inhibits oral cancer growth and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:226-232. [PMID: 29432993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oridonin, a bioactive diterpenoid purified from Rabdosia rubescens, has been shown to possess anticancer capacity in several cancer types. However, its effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer ability of oridonin in OSCC cells, including proliferation, apoptosis and underlying mechanisms using the OSCC cell lines, UM1 and SCC25. The results showed that oridonin not only inhibited proliferation and clonal formation but also induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in UM1 and SCC25 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot revealed that oridonin treatment increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and activated the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP-1. Oridonin also induced G2/M phase arrest in OSCC cells via down-regulating the G2/M transition-related proteins such as cyclin B1 or up-regulating cyclin D1, cyclin D3, P21, p-CDK1 and cyclin A2. In addition, oridonin treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt and inhibited tumor growth of OSCC xenograft in nude mice. Taken together, these results suggested that oridonin possesses anti-oral cancer capacity via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling and induce apoptosis and G2/M-phase arrest. Therefore, oridonin may be a potential anticancer drug for the treatment of oral cancer.
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24
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Gui Z, Luo F, Yang Y, Shen C, Li S, Xu J. Oridonin inhibition and miR‑200b‑3p/ZEB1 axis in human pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:111-120. [PMID: 27878247 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship among oridonin, miR-200b-3p and pancreatic cancer on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated for the molecular mechanism or signaling pathways on the migration in pancreatic cancer. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were cultivated and the IC50 of oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were obtained by the CCK-8 array. The expression of miR‑200b-3p was verified by using real-time PCR and its target gene was predicted. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were treated with oridonin or transfected by miR-200b-3p, those cells were used for western blot assay, Transwell assay, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, tumorigenesis assay in nude mice and immunohistochemical assay to verify the effects of oridonin or miR-200b-3p on pancreatic cancer. We found that oridonin inhibited the proliferation of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. miR-200b-3p was downregulated by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. ZEB1 was a target gene for miR-200b-3p. Oridonin or overexpression of miR‑200b-3p can inhibit the cell migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. miR-200b-3p can inhibit the EMT and oridonin can inhibit the expression of ZEB1, N-cadherin and fibronectin but not increase the expression of E-cadherin, while the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were decreased by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells and the cytoskeleton was altered by oridonin in PANC-1 cells compared with the control. In summary, the results demonstrate that miR‑200b-3p was able to inhibit the EMT of human pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro by targeted ZEB1. In vitro, oridonin had a certain effect on the migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, but not though type III EMT by miR-200-3p/ZEB1 axis, and may be related to type Ⅱ EMT, tumor microenvironment or altering the cytoskeleton. In vivo, oridonin inhibited the cancer migration in the nude mouse model though inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Gui
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yayang Yang
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Can Shen
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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R-Phycoerythrin Induces SGC-7901 Apoptosis by Arresting Cell Cycle at S Phase. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14090166. [PMID: 27626431 PMCID: PMC5039537 DOI: 10.3390/md14090166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE), one of the chemical constituents of red algae, could produce singlet oxygen upon excitation with the appropriate radiation and possibly be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. Documents reported that R-PE could inhibit cell proliferation in HepG2 and A549 cells, which was significative for cancer therapy. This is due to the fact that R-PE could kill cancer cells directly as well as by PDT. However, little is known about the cytotoxicity of R-PE to the SGC-7901 cell. In this study, it has been found that R-PE could inhibit SGC-7901 proliferation and induce cell apoptosis, which was achieved by arresting the SGC-7901 cell at S phase. CyclinA, CDK2 and CDC25A are proteins associated with the S phase, and it was found that R-PE could increase the expression of cyclin A protein and decrease the expression of CDK2 and CDC25A proteins. Thus, it was concluded that R-PE reduced the CDK2 protein activated through decreasing the CDC25A factor, which reduced the formation of Cyclin-CDK complex. The reduction of Cyclin-CDK complex made the SGC-7901 cells arrest at the S phase. Therefore, R-PE induced apoptosis by arresting the SGC-7901 cell at S phase was successful, which was achieved by the expression of the CDC25A protein, which reduced the CDK2 protein actived and the formation of Cyclin-CDK complex.
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