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Pasdaran A, Grice ID, Hamedi A. A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22180. [PMID: 38680103 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Feng Y, An Q, Zhao Z, Wu M, Yang C, Liang W, Xu X, Jiang T, Zhang G. Beta-elemene: A phytochemical with promise as a drug candidate for tumor therapy and adjuvant tumor therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116266. [PMID: 38350368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Elemene (IUPAC name: (1 S,2 S,4 R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohexane), is a natural compound found in turmeric root. Studies have demonstrated its diverse biological functions, including its anti-tumor properties, which have been extensively investigated. However, these have not yet been reviewed. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of β-elemene research, with respect to disease treatment. METHODS β-Elemene-related articles were found in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to systematically summarize its structure, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmacological activity. We also searched the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database for therapeutic targets of β-elemene. We further combined these targets with the relevant literature for KEGG and GO analyses. RESULTS Studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying β-elemene activity indicate that it regulates multiple pathways, including STAT3, MAPKs, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B, Notch, PI3K/AKT, reactive oxygen species, METTL3, PTEN, p53, FAK, MMP, TGF-β/Smad signaling. Through these molecular pathways, β-elemene has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion and improving the immune microenvironment. Additionally, β-elemene increases chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and reverses resistance by inhibiting DNA damage repair and regulating pathways including CTR1, pak1, ERK1/2, ABC transporter protein, Prx-1 and ERCC-1. Nonetheless, owing to its lipophilicity and low bioavailability, additional structural modifications could improve the efficacy of this drug. CONCLUSION β-Elemene exhibits low toxicity with good safety, inhibiting various tumor types via diverse mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. When combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, it enhances efficacy, reduces toxicity, and improves tumor killing. Thus, β-elemene has vast potential for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewen Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Qingwen An
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhengqi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chuqi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - WeiYu Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xuefei Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Guangji Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang 310053, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine "Preventing Disease" Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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Pan Y, Wan P, Zhang L, Wang C, Wang Y. Clinical benefit and risk of elemene in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1185987. [PMID: 37601061 PMCID: PMC10436211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1185987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Elemene injection and oral emulsion, known as elemene, have been utilized have been used in adjuvant therapy for cancer patients in China for more than 20 years. In order to evaluate the efficacy and potential risks of the treatments in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, a system review and meta-analysis were conducted. Additionally, the factors that may influence the outcomes were also explored. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CKNI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases. Meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the heterogeneity. GRADE system and TSA were used to assess the strength of evidence and robustness of the results. Results: The pooled data showed that combination with elemene could improve the response rate (RR:1.48, 95%CI:1.38-1.60, p < 0.00001), disease control rate (RR:1.20, 95%CI:1.15-1.25, p < 0.00001), the rate of quality-of-life improvement and stability (WMD:1.31, 95% CI:1.12-1.53, p = 0.0006), immune function (CD4+/CD8+: WMD:0.33, 95% CI:0.24-0.42, p < 0.00001), survival rate (1-year, RR:1.34, 95% CI:1.15-1.56, p = 0.0002; 2-year, RR:1.57, 95% CI:1.14-2.16, p = 0.006), and decrease the prevalence of most chemotherapy-induced side effects, especially leukopenia (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (RR:0.46, 95% CI:0.35-0.61, p < 0.00001), thrombocytopenia (RR:0.86, 95% CI:0.78-0.95, p = 0.003), and hemoglobin reduction (RR:0.83, 95% CI:0.73-0.95, p = 0.007). However, the administration of elemene has been found to significantly increase the incidence of phlebitis in patients undergoing chemotherapy (RR:3.41, 95% CI:1.47-7.93, p = 0.004). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses discovered that the outcomes were rarely influenced by CR, CT, and dosage of elemene (DE) but the cycle number of elemene (CNE) and TT were the main sources of heterogeneity. Discussion: As the treatment time and the number of cycles increased, the efficacy of the elemene combination decreased across various aspects. Thus, shorter duration and fewer cycles are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Panting Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuirong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sun B, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Current development of cabazitaxel drug delivery systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1854. [PMID: 36161272 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The second-generation taxane cabazitaxel has been clinically approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel failure. Compared with the first-generation taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel, cabazitaxel has potent anticancer activity and is less prone to drug resistance due to its lower affinity for the P-gp efflux pump. The relatively high hydrophobicity of cabazitaxel and the poor aqueous colloidal stability of the commercial formulation, following its preparation for injection, presents opportunities for new cabazitaxel formulations with improved features. This review provides an overview of cabazitaxel drug formulations and hydrophobic taxane drug delivery systems in general, and particularly focuses on emerging cabazitaxel delivery systems discovered in the past 5 years. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Arora S, Joshi G, Chaturvedi A, Heuser M, Patil S, Kumar R. A Perspective on Medicinal Chemistry Approaches for Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1171-1205. [PMID: 34726055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) affects the switching of the PKM2 protein between the high-activity and low-activity states that allow ATP and lactate production, respectively. PKM2, in its low catalytic state (dimeric form), is chiefly active in metabolically energetic cells, including cancer cells. More recently, PKM2 has emerged as an attractive target due to its role in metabolic dysfunction and other interrelated conditions. PKM2 (dimer) activity can be inhibited by modulating PKM2 dimer-tetramer dynamics using either PKM2 inhibitors that bind at the ATP binding active site of PKM2 (dimer) or PKM2 activators that bind at the allosteric site of PKM2, thus activating PKM2 from the dimer formation to the tetrameric formation. The present perspective focuses on medicinal chemistry approaches to design and discover PKM2 inhibitors and activators and further provides a scope for the future design of compounds targeting PKM2 with better efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248171, India
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Santoshkumar Patil
- Discovery Services, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area-Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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Li J, Zeng H, You Y, Wang R, Tan T, Wang W, Yin L, Zeng Z, Zeng Y, Xie T. Active targeting of orthotopic glioma using biomimetic liposomes co-loaded elemene and cabazitaxel modified by transferritin. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:289. [PMID: 34565383 PMCID: PMC8474941 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment of glioma requires a nanocarrier that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to target the tumor lesion. In the current study, elemene (ELE) and cabazitaxel (CTX) liposomes were prepared by conjugating liposomes with transferrin (Tf) and embedding the cell membrane proteins of RG2 glioma cells into liposomes (active-targeting biomimetic liposomes, Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP), which exhibited effective BBB infiltration to target glioma. RESULTS The findings showed that Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP was highly stable. The liposomes exhibited highly significant homologous targeting and immune evasion in vitro and a 5.83-fold intake rate compared with classical liposome (ELE/CTX@LIP). Bioluminescence imaging showed increased drug accumulation in the brain and increased tumor penetration of Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP in orthotopic glioma model nude mice. Findings from in vivo studies indicated that the antitumor effect of the Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP led to increased survival time and decreased tumor volume in mice. The average tumor fluorescence intensity after intravenous administration of Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP was 65.2, 12.5, 22.1, 6.6, 2.6, 1.5 times less compared with that of the control, CTX solution, ELE solution, ELE/CTX@LIP, ELE/CTX@BLIP, Tf-ELE/CTX@LIP groups, respectively. Histopathological analysis showed that Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP were less toxic compared with administration of the CTX solution. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the active-targeting biomimetic liposome, Tf-ELE/CTX@BLIP, is a promising nanoplatform for delivery of drugs to gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamin Zeng
- Chengdu Ping An Healthcare Medical Examination Laboratory, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu You
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Yin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiying Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, 311121, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Sun X, Peng Y, Zhao J, Xie Z, Lei X, Tang G. Discovery and development of tumor glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104891. [PMID: 33940446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells mainly provide necessary energy and substances for rapid cell growth through aerobic perglycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. This phenomenon is called the "Warburg effect". The mechanism of glycolysis in tumor cells is more complicated, which is caused by the comprehensive regulation of multiple factors. Abnormal enzyme metabolism is one of the main influencing factors and inhibiting the three main rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis is thought to be important strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, numerous inhibitors of glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme have been developed in recent years, such as the latest HKII inhibitor and PKM2 inhibitor Pachymic acid (PA) and N-(4-(3-(3-(methylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-5-(4'-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)propiolamide. The review focuses on source, structure-activity relationship, bioecological activity and mechanism of the three main rate-limiting enzymes inhibitors, and hopes to guide the future research on the design and synthesis of rate-limiting enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Yijiao Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Jingduo Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Taghvaei S, Sabouni F, Minuchehr Z. Evidence of Omics, Immune Infiltration, and Pharmacogenomic for SENP1 in the Pan-Cancer Cohort. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:700454. [PMID: 34276383 PMCID: PMC8280523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.700454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentrin specific-protease 1 (SENP1) is a protein involved in deSUMOylation that is almost overexpressed in cancer. SENP1 has a determinative role in the activation of transcription programs in the innate immune responses and the development B of and C lymphocytes. We found, SENP1 possibly plays a critical role in immune infiltration and acts as an expression marker in PAAD, ESCA, and THYM. CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and macrophages were more key-related immune cells, indicating that SENP1 might be introduced as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. We further showed that dysregulation of SENP1 is powerfully associated with decreased patient survival and clinical stage. Total SENP1 protein also increases in cancer. SENP1 is also controlled by transcription factors (TFs) CREB1, KDM5A, REST, and YY1 that regulates apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. These TFs were in a positive correlation with SENP1. MiR-138-5p, miR-129-1-3p, and miR-129-2-3p also inhibit tumorigenesis through targeting of SENP1. The SENP1 expression level positively correlated with the expression levels of UBN1, SP3, SAP130, NUP98, NUP153 in 32 tumor types. SENP1 and correlated and binding genes: SAP130, NUP98, and NUP153 activated cell cycle. Consistent with this finding, drug analysis was indicated SENP1 is sensitive to cell cycle, apoptosis, and RTK signaling regulators. In the end, SENP1 and its expression-correlated and functional binding genes were enriched in cell cycle, apoptosis, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus. We found that the cell cycle is the main way for tumorigenesis by SENP1. SENP1 attenuates the effect of inhibitory drugs on the cell cycle. We also introduced effective FDA-Approved drugs that can inhibit SENP1. Therefore in the treatments in which these drugs are used, SENP1 inhibition is a suitable approach. This study supplies a wide analysis of the SENP1 across The Cancer Genome Atlas (CGA) cancer types. These results suggest the potential roles of SENP1 as a biomarker for cancer. Since these drugs and the drugs that cause to resistance are applied to cancer treatment, then these two class drugs can use to inhibition of SENP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayye Taghvaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Cai H, Ren L, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Beta-Elemene Reduces the Malignancy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Enhancing C3orf21 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:571476. [PMID: 34026596 PMCID: PMC8137837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.571476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-elemene has potent anti-tumor effect, but its anti-tumor mechanism remains unclear. Chromosome 3 open reading frame 21 (C3orf21) acts as a tumor suppressor. This study tested whether the anti-tumor effect of beta-elemene was associated with modulating C3orf21 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods The impact of beta-elemene on C3orf21 expression in NSCLC cells was quantified. The stable C3orf21 silencing A549 and over-expressing PC-9 cells were established and their effects on the beta-elemene-attenuated proliferation, wound healing and invasion of NSCLC cells as well as the expression of key regulators and signal events were determined. Results Beta-elemene significantly up-regulated C3orf21 expression in NSCLC cells. Beta-elemene treatment significantly attenuated the proliferation, wound healing and invasion of NSCLC cells, which were significantly mitigated by C3orf21 silencing, but enhanced by C3orf21 over-expression. Similar patterns of beta-elemene-modulated cyclinD1, c-Myc, COX2, MMP2, MMP9, VEGF, PTEN and Notch1 expression were detected in NSCLC cells. Conclusions Such data indicated that beta-elemene treatment attenuated the malignancy of NSCLC cells by up-regulating C3orf21 expression. Our findings may provide new mechanisms underlying the pharmacological action of beta-elemene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cai
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Chen Y, Zhu Z, Chen J, Zheng Y, Limsila B, Lu M, Gao T, Yang Q, Fu C, Liao W. Terpenoids from Curcumae Rhizoma: Their anticancer effects and clinical uses on combination and versus drug therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111350. [PMID: 33721752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a fatal disease with high mortality and low survival rate worldwide. At present, there is still no known cure for most cancers. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a noteworthy reservoir for anticancer agents in drug discovery and development. Curcumae Rhizoma (called Ezhu in Chinese) is widely prescribed in TCM for anticancer therapy owing to its broad-spectrum antineoplastic activities. Especially, the terpenoids isolated from the essential oil of Curcumae Rhizoma form an integral part of cancer research and are well established as a potential anticancer agent. For example, β-elemene has been developed into a new drug for the treatment of solid tumors in China, and is currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States. The review aims to systematically summarize the recent advances on the anticancer effects and related molecular mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma, and its terpenoids (β-elemene, Furanodiene, Furanodienone, Germacrone, Curcumol, Curdione). In addition, we evaluated and compared the anticancer efficacy and clinical use of the terpenoids with combination therapies and traditional therapies. Therefore, this review provides sufficient evidence for the anticancer therapeutic potential of Curcumae Rhizoma and its terpenoids, and will contribute to the development of potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zongping Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Boonjai Limsila
- Institute of Thai-Chinese Medicine Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicines, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 11000, Thailand
| | - Meigui Lu
- Huachiew TCM Hospital, Bangkok 10100, Thailand
| | - Tianhui Gao
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Wan Liao
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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11
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Anti-Tumor Drug Discovery Based on Natural Product β-Elemene: Anti-Tumor Mechanisms and Structural Modification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061499. [PMID: 33801899 PMCID: PMC7998186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are important sources for drug discovery, especially anti-tumor drugs. β-Elemene, the prominent active ingredient extract from the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin, is a representative natural product with broad anti-tumor activities. The main molecular mechanism of β-elemene is to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation, induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis, enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy, regulate the immune system, and reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). Elemene oral emulsion and elemene injection were approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of various cancers and bone metastasis in 1994. However, the lipophilicity and low bioavailability limit its application. To discover better β-elemene-derived anti-tumor drugs with satisfying drug-like properties, researchers have modified its structure under the premise of not damaging the basic scaffold structure. In this review, we comprehensively discuss and summarize the potential anti-tumor mechanisms and the progress of structural modifications of β-elemene.
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12
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The mechanism of m 6A methyltransferase METTL3-mediated autophagy in reversing gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells by β-elemene. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:969. [PMID: 33177491 PMCID: PMC7658972 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification can alter gene expression by regulating RNA splicing, stability, translocation, and translation. Emerging evidence shows that m6A modification plays an important role in cancer development and progression, including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, cell apoptosis, autophagy, and drug resistance. Until now, the role of m6A modification mediated autophagy in cancer drug resistance is still unclear. In this study, we found that m6A methyltransferase METTL3-mediated autophagy played an important role in reversing gefitinib resistance by β-elemene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Mechanistically, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that β-elemene could reverse gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells by inhibiting cell autophagy process in a manner of chloroquine. β-elemene inhibited the autophagy flux by preventing autophagic lysosome acidification, resulting in increasing expression of SQSTM1 and LC3B-II. Moreover, both β-elemene and gefitinib decreased the level of m6A methylation of gefitinib resistance cells. METTL3 was higher expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than that of paired normal tissues, and was involved in the gefitinib resistance of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, METTL3 positively regulated autophagy by increasing the critical genes of autophagy pathway such as ATG5 and ATG7. In conclusion, our study unveiled the mechanism of METTL3-mediated autophagy in reversing gefitinib resistance of NSCLC cells by β-elemene, which shed light on providing potential molecular-therapy target and clinical-treatment method in NSCLC patients with gefitinib resistance.
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13
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Xu Y, Sun Q, Yuan F, Dong H, Zhang H, Geng R, Qi Y, Xiong X, Chen Q, Liu B. RND2 attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in glioblastoma cells by targeting the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:174. [PMID: 32867814 PMCID: PMC7457501 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of p38 MAPK signalling leads to glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumourigenesis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism that induces p38 MAPK signalling pathway silencing during GBM genesis has yet to be determined. Identifying new factors that can regulate p38 MAPK signalling is important for tumour treatment. METHODS Flow cytometry, TUNEL assays, immunofluorescence, JC-1 assays, and western blot analyses were used to detect the apoptosis of GBM cells. The specific methods used to detect autophagy levels in GBM cells were western blot analysis, LC3B protein immunofluorescence, LC3B puncta assays and transmission electron microscopy. The functions of these critical molecules were further confirmed in vivo by intracranial xenografts in nude mice. Tumour tissue samples and clinical information were used to identify the correlation between RND2 and p62 and LC3B expression, survival time of patients, and tumour volumes in clinical patients. RESULTS By summarizing data from the TCGA database, we found that expression of the small GTPase RND2 was significantly increased in human glioblastomas. Our study demonstrated that RND2 functions as an endogenous repressor of the p38 MAPK phosphorylation complex. RND2 physically interacted with p38 and decreased p38 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting p38 MAPK signalling activities. The forced expression of RND2 repressed p38 MAPK signalling, which inhibited glioblastoma cell autophagy and apoptosis in vitro and induced tumour growth in the xenografted mice in vivo. By contrast, the downregulation of RND2 enhanced p38 MAPK signalling activities and promoted glioma cell autophagy and apoptosis. The inhibition of p38 phosphorylation abolished RND2 deficiency-mediated GBM cell autophagy and apoptosis. Most importantly, our study found that RND2 expression was inversely correlated with patient survival time and was positively correlated with tumour size. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a new function for RND2 in GBM cell death and offered mechanistic insights into the inhibitory effects of RND2 with regard to the regulation of p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Fan'en Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Huikai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yangzhi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China. .,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China. .,Central laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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14
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Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Shariati MA, Khalil AA, Imran M, Rebezov M, Uddin MS, Mahomoodally MF, Rengasamy KRR. Sesquiterpenes and their derivatives-natural anticancer compounds: An update. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105165. [PMID: 32835868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes belong to the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, which consist of three isoprene building units. These compounds are widely distributed in various angiosperms, a few gymnosperms and bryophytes. Sesquiterpenes and their allied derivatives are bio-synthesized in various plant parts including leaves, fruits and roots. These plant-based metabolites are predominantly identified in the Asteraceae family, wherein up to 5000 complexes have been documented to date. Sesquiterpenes and their derivatives are characteristically associated with plant defence mechanisms owing to their antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral activities. Over the last two decades, these compounds have been reportedly demonstrated health promoting perspectives against a wide range of metabolic syndromes i.e. hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular complications, neural disorders, diabetes, and cancer. The high potential of sesquiterpenes and their derivatives against various cancers like breast, colon, bladder, pancreatic, prostate, cervical, brain, liver, blood, ovarium, bone, endometrial, oral, lung, eye, stomach and kidney are the object of this review. Predominantly, it recapitulates the literature elucidating sesquiterpenes and their derivatives while highlighting the mechanistic approaches associated with their potent anticancer activities such as modulating nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) activity, inhibitory action against lipid peroxidation and retarding the production of reactive oxygen & nitrogen species (ROS&RNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Bionanotechnology Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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15
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Escamilla-Ramírez A, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Zavala-Vega S, Jimenez-Farfan D, Anaya-Rubio I, Briseño E, Palencia G, Guevara P, Cruz-Salgado A, Sotelo J, Trejo-Solís C. Autophagy as a Potential Therapy for Malignant Glioma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070156. [PMID: 32707662 PMCID: PMC7407942 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent and aggressive type of brain neoplasm, being anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), its most malignant forms. The survival rate in patients with these neoplasms is 15 months after diagnosis, despite a diversity of treatments, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The resistance of GBM to various therapies is due to a highly mutated genome; these genetic changes induce a de-regulation of several signaling pathways and result in higher cell proliferation rates, angiogenesis, invasion, and a marked resistance to apoptosis; this latter trait is a hallmark of highly invasive tumor cells, such as glioma cells. Due to a defective apoptosis in gliomas, induced autophagic death can be an alternative to remove tumor cells. Paradoxically, however, autophagy in cancer can promote either a cell death or survival. Modulating the autophagic pathway as a death mechanism for cancer cells has prompted the use of both inhibitors and autophagy inducers. The autophagic process, either as a cancer suppressing or inducing mechanism in high-grade gliomas is discussed in this review, along with therapeutic approaches to inhibit or induce autophagy in pre-clinical and clinical studies, aiming to increase the efficiency of conventional treatments to remove glioma neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Escamilla-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Rosa A. Castillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Experimental, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Isabel Anaya-Rubio
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Eduardo Briseño
- Clínica de Neurooncología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe Palencia
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Patricia Guevara
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
| | - Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Departamento de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (I.A.-R.); (G.P.); (P.G.); (A.C.-S.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-060-4040
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16
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Zhang R, Pan T, Xiang Y, Zhang M, Feng J, Liu S, Duan T, Chen P, Zhai B, Chen X, Wang W, Chen B, Han X, Chen L, Yan L, Jin T, Liu Y, Li G, Huang X, Zhang W, Sun Y, Li Q, Zhang Q, Zhuo L, Xie T, Wu Q, Sui X. β-Elemene Reverses the Resistance of p53-Deficient Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil by Inducing Pro-death Autophagy and Cyclin D3-Dependent Cycle Arrest. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:378. [PMID: 32457882 PMCID: PMC7225311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with high morbidity and mortality. 5-fluorouracil remains a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, but chemotherapy drugs are prone to develop drug resistance, p53 deletion or mutation is an important reason for the resistance of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. β-elemene has been proved to have the potential of reverse chemotherapy drug resistance, but the mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of β-elemene to 5-fluorouracil in drug-resistant p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells HCT116p53–/–, and determine the possible molecular mechanism of β-elemene to reverse 5-fluorouracil resistance. Methods The effect of β-elemene on HCT116p53–/– cell activity was detected by Cell counting Kit-8. Cell proliferation was detected by monoclonal plate. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and western blot. The autophagy was detected by western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscope. Determine the role of Cyclin-related protein Cyclin D3 in β-elemene reversing the resistance of HCT116p53–/– to 5-fluorouracil was detected by overexpression of Cyclin D3. The effect of β-elemene on the tumorigenic ability of p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells was detected establishing HCT116p53–/– all line xenograft model. Results For p53 wildtype colorectal cancer cells, β-elemene could augment the sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil, for p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells, β-elemene significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, and reversed the resistance of HCT116p53–/– to 5-fluorouracil by inducing pro-death autophagy and Cyclin D3-dependent cycle arrest. Conclusion β-elemene enhances the sensitivity of p53 wild-type cells to 5-fluorouracil, β-elemene can reverse the resistance of HCT116p53–/– to 5-fluorouracil by inducing pro-death autophagy and Cyclin D3-dependent cycle arrest in p53-deficient colorectal cancer, which will provide a new method for the treatment of p53 deletion colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wengang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xuemeng Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuxi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yitian Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiujie Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lvjia Zhuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Sugier P, Jakubowicz-Gil J, Sugier D, Kowalski R, Gawlik-Dziki U, Kołodziej B, Dziki D. Chemical Characteristics and Anticancer Activity of Essential Oil from Arnica Montana L. Rhizomes and Roots. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061284. [PMID: 32178275 PMCID: PMC7143959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arnica montana L. is a medicinal plant with diverse biological activities commonly used in pharmacy and cosmetics. The attributes of A. montana are mainly related to the concentration and chemical composition of essential oils (EOs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of EOs derived from A. montana rhizomes and roots taking into account the age of the plants and to investigate the effect of the analyzed EOs on induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in human glioblastoma multiforme T98G and anaplastic astrocytoma MOGGCCM cell lines. Rhizomes and roots of mountain arnica were harvested at the end of the third and fourth vegetation periods. The chemical composition of essential oils was determined with the GC–MS technique. Among the 37 components of the essential oil of A. montana, 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (46.47%–60.31%), 2,6-diisopropylanisole (14.48%–23.10%), thymol methyl ether (5.31%–17.79%), p-methoxyheptanophenone (5.07%–9.65%), and α-isocomene (0.68%–2.87%), were detected in the rhizomes and roots of the three-year-old plants and in the rhizomes and roots of the four-year-old plants. The plant part (rhizome, root) and plant age can be determinants of the essential oil composition and, consequently, their biological activity. The induction of apoptosis (but not autophagy nor necrosis) at a level of 28.5%–32.3% is a promising result, for which 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene, 2,6-diisopropylanisole, thymol methyl ether, and p-methoxyheptanophenone are probably mainly responsible. The present study is the first report on the anticancer activities of essential oils from A. montana rhizomes and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sugier
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Sugier
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Kołodziej
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Dariusz Dziki
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
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18
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Cao H, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Yang Q. Phytochemical-Mediated Glioma Targeted Treatment: Drug Resistance and Novel Delivery Systems. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:599-629. [PMID: 31400262 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190809221332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, especially its most malignant type, Glioblastoma (GBM), is the most common and the most aggressive malignant tumour in the central nervous system. Currently, we have no specific therapies that can significantly improve its dismal prognosis. Recent studies have reported promising in vitro experimental results of several novel glioma-targeting drugs; these studies are encouraging to both researchers and patients. However, clinical trials have revealed that novel compounds that focus on a single, clear glioma genetic alteration may not achieve a satisfactory outcome or have side effects that are unbearable. Based on this consensus, phytochemicals that exhibit multiple bioactivities have recently attracted much attention. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) have shown that phytocompounds inhibit glioma angiogenesis, cancer stem cells and tumour proliferation; these results suggest a novel drug therapeutic strategy. However, single phytocompounds or their direct usage may not reverse comprehensive malignancy due to poor histological penetrability or relatively unsatisfactory in vivo efficiency. Recent research that has employed temozolomide combination treatment and Nanoparticles (NPs) with phytocompounds has revealed a powerful dual-target therapy and a high blood-brain barrier penetrability, which is accompanied by low side effects and strong specific targeting. This review is focused on major phytocompounds that have contributed to glioma-targeting treatment in recent years and their role in drug resistance inhibition, as well as novel drug delivery systems for clinical strategies. Lastly, we summarize a possible research strategy for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyifan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Sugier D, Sugier P, Jakubowicz-Gil J, Winiarczyk K, Kowalski R. Essential Oil from Arnica Montana L. Achenes: Chemical Characteristics and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224158. [PMID: 31744121 PMCID: PMC6891426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountain arnica Arnica montana L. is a source of several metabolite classes with diverse biological activities. The chemical composition of essential oil and its major volatile components in arnica may vary depending on the geographical region, environmental factors, and plant organ. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of essential oil derived from A. montana achenes and to investigate its effect on induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human anaplastic astrocytoma MOGGCCM and glioblastoma multiforme T98G cell lines. The chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the achenes was examined with the use of Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry GC-MS. Only 16 components of the essential oil obtained from the achenes of 3-year-old plants and 18 components in the essential oil obtained from the achenes of 4-year-old plants constituted ca. 94.14% and 96.38% of the total EO content, respectively. The main components in the EO from the arnica achenes were 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (39.54 and 44.65%), cumene (13.24 and 10.71%), thymol methyl ether (8.66 and 8.63%), 2,6-diisopropylanisole (8.55 and 8.41%), decanal (7.31 and 6.28%), and 1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclopent-3-enol (4.33 and 2.94%) in the 3- and 4-year-old plants, respectively. The essential oils were found to exert an anticancer effect by induction of cell death in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme cells. The induction of apoptosis at a level of 25.7–32.7% facilitates the use of this secondary metabolite in further studies focused on the development of glioma therapy in the future. Probably, this component plays a key role in the anticancer activity against the MOGGCCM and T98G cell lines. The present study is the first report on the composition and anticancer activities of essential oil from A. montana achenes, and further studies are required to explore its potential for future medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Sugier
- Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Sugier
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-537-59-46
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Winiarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
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20
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Sui XB, Xie T. Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine to Prevent and Reverse Resistance of Cancer Cells to Anticancer Drugs. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:251-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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22
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Tong H, Liu Y, Jiang L, Wang J. Multi-Targeting by β-Elemene and Its Anticancer Properties: A Good Choice for Oncotherapy and Radiochemotherapy Sensitization. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:554-567. [PMID: 31387393 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1648694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on chemical agents, tailored from natural edible products, used to prevent and treat various diseases. β-elemene is a well-known compound derived from Curcuma wenyujin that possesses a wide spectrum of anticancer properties under preclinical and clinical conditions. Several studies have demonstrated its inhibitory effect both in humans and animals with cancers. Numerous in vivo and in vitro experimental models have revealed that β-elemene can modulate multiple molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis. In general, (1) β-elemene itself can inhibit and kill tumor cells through a variety of mechanisms, and (2) can synergistically enhance the effect of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, (3) also can regulate autoimmune in the treatment of tumors. In this article, we critically focused on the available scientific evidence discussing the use of β-elemene in cancer prevention, and its molecular targets and mechanisms of action in different types of cancer. In addition, we have discussed its sources, chemistry, bioavailability, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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23
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Pan Y, Wang W, Huang S, Ni W, Wei Z, Cao Y, Yu S, Jia Q, Wu Y, Chai C, Zheng Q, Zhang L, Wang A, Sun Z, Huang S, Wang S, Chen W, Lu Y. Beta-elemene inhibits breast cancer metastasis through blocking pyruvate kinase M2 dimerization and nuclear translocation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6846-6858. [PMID: 31343107 PMCID: PMC6787513 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), playing a central role in regulating aerobic glycolysis, was considered as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, its role in cancer metastasis is rarely known. Here, we found a tight relationship between PKM2 and breast cancer metastasis, demonstrated by the findings that beta-elemene (β-elemene), an approved drug for complementary cancer therapy, exerted distinct anti-metastatic activity dependent on PKM2. The results indicated that β-elemene inhibited breast cancer cell migration, invasion in vitro as well as metastases in vivo. β-Elemene further inhibited the process of aerobic glycolysis and decreased the utilization of glucose and the production of pyruvate and lactate through suppressing pyruvate kinase activity by modulating the transformation of dimeric and tetrameric forms of PKM2. Further analysis revealed that β-elemene suppressed aerobic glycolysis by blocking PKM2 nuclear translocation and the expression of EGFR, GLUT1 and LDHA by influencing the expression of importin α5. Furthermore, the effect of β-elemene on migration, invasion, PKM2 transformation, and nuclear translocation could be reversed in part by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and L-cysteine. Taken together, tetrameric transformation and nuclear translocation of PKM2 are essential for cancer metastasis, and β-elemene inhibited breast cancer metastasis via blocking aerobic glycolysis mediated by dimeric PKM2 transformation and nuclear translocation, being a promising anti-metastatic agent from natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of TCM Formula, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
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24
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Molecular targets of β-elemene, a herbal extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its potential role in cancer therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108812. [PMID: 30965237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Elemene is a sesquiterpene compound extracted from the herb Curcuma Rhizoma and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat several types of cancer, with no reported severe adverse effects. Recent studies, using in vitro and in vivo studies combined with molecular methods, have shown that β-elemene can inhibit cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle, and induce cell apoptosis. Recent studies have identified the molecular targets of β-elemene that may have a role in cancer therapy. This review aims to discuss the anticancer potential of β-elemene through its actions on several molecular targets including kinase enzymes, transcription factors, growth factors and their receptors, and proteins. β-Elemene also regulates the expression of several key molecules that are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Also, β-elemene has been shown to have regulatory effects on the immune response and increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy and has shown effects on multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignancy. Recent studies have shown that β-elemene can induce autophagy, which prevents cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms for the treatment effects on cancer of the herbal extract, β-elemene, which has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, are now being studied and identified.
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25
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Qureshi MZ, Attar R, Romero MA, Sabitaliyevich UY, Nurmurzayevich SB, Ozturk O, Wakim LH, Lin X, Ozbey U, Yelekenova AB, Farooqi AA. Regulation of signaling pathways by β-elemene in cancer progression and metastasis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12091-12100. [PMID: 30912190 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Entry of β-elemene into various phases of clinical trials advocates its significance as a premium candidate likely to gain access to mainstream medicine. Based on the insights gleaned from decades of research, it seems increasingly transparent that β-elemene has shown significant ability to modulate multiple cell signaling pathways in different cancers. We partition this multicomponent review into how β-elemene strategically modulates various signal transduction cascades. We have individually summarized regulation of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand, signal transducers and activators of transcription, transforming growth factor/SMAD, NOTCH, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways by β-elemene. Last, we will discuss the results of clinical trials of β-elemene and how effectively we can use these findings to stratify patients who can benefit most from β-elemene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - Mirna A Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Av. Solidaridad S/N, Colonia Hornos Insurgentes, cp 39355, Acapulco, Guerrero, México
| | | | | | - Ozlem Ozturk
- Institute prévention santé et longévité, Paris, France
| | - Lara H Wakim
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical Univerisity, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ulku Ozbey
- Department of Genetics, Health High School, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | | | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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26
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Synergistic Action of Gefitinib and GSK41364A Simultaneously Loaded in Ratiometrically-Engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Multiforme. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030367. [PMID: 30875975 PMCID: PMC6462915 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme is a deadly cancer of glial cells with very low survival rates. Current treatment options are invasive and have serious side effects. Single drug treatments make the tumor refractory after a certain period. Combination therapies have shown improvements in treatment responses against aggressive forms of cancer and are becoming a mainstay in the management of cancer. The purpose of this study is to design a combinatorial treatment regimen by engineering desired ratios of two different small molecule drugs (gefitinib and GSK461364A) in a single carrier that can reduce off-target effects and increase their bioavailability. Synergistic effects were observed with our formulation when optimal ratios of gefitinib and GSK461364A were loaded in poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid and polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles and tested for efficacy in U87-malignant glioma (U87-MG) cells. Combination nanoparticles proved to be more effective compared to single drug encapsulated nanoparticles, free drug combinations, and the mixture of two single loaded nanoparticles, with statistically significant values at certain ratios and drug concentrations. We also observed drastically reduced clonogenic potential of the cells that were treated with free drugs and nanoparticle combinations in a colony forming assay. From our findings, we conclude that the combination of GSK461364A and higher concentrations of gefitinib when encapsulated in nanoparticles yield synergistic killing of glioma cells. This study could form the basis for designing new combination treatments using nanoparticles to deliver multiple drugs to cancer cells for synergistic effects.
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Xiong DD, Xu WQ, He RQ, Dang YW, Chen G, Luo DZ. In silico analysis identified miRNA‑based therapeutic agents against glioblastoma multiforme. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2194-2208. [PMID: 30816530 PMCID: PMC6412522 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) contribute to the development of various malignant neoplasms, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The present study aimed to explore the pathogenesis of GBM and to identify latent therapeutic agents for patients with GBM, based on an in silico analysis. Gene chips that provide miRNA expression profiling in GBM were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were also determined via the RobustRankAggreg algorithm. The target genes of DEMs were predicted and then intersected with GBM-associated genes that were collected from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the overlapping genes were then performed. Simultaneously, a connectivity map (CMap) analysis was performed to screen for potential therapeutic agents for GBM. A total of 10 DEMs (hsa-miR-196a, hsa-miR-10b, hsa-miR-196b, hsa-miR-18b, hsa-miR-542-3p, hsa-miR-129-3p, hsa-miR-1224-5p, hsa-miR-876-3p and hsa-miR-770-5p) were obtained from three GEO gene chips (GSE25631, GSE42657 and GSE61710). Then, 1,720 target genes of the 10 miRNAs and 4,185 differently expressed genes in GBM were collected. By intersecting the aforementioned gene clusters, the present study identified 390 overlapping genes. GO and KEGG analyses of the 390 genes demonstrated that these genes were involved in certain cancer-associated biological functions and pathways. Eight genes [(GTPase NRas (NRAS), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit Gamma (CAMK2G), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), calmodulin 3 (CALM3), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta (CAMK2B), retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1) and protein kinase C beta type (PRKCB)] that were centralized in the glioma pathway were selected for CMap analysis. Three chemicals (W-13, gefitinib and exemestane) were identified as putative therapeutic agents for GBM. In summary, the present study identified three miRNA-based chemicals for use as a therapy for GBM. However, more experimental data are needed to verify the therapeutic properties of these latent drugs in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Zhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Cheng H, Ge X, Zhuo S, Gao Y, Zhu B, Zhang J, Shang W, Xu D, Ge W, Shi L. β-Elemene Synergizes With Gefitinib to Inhibit Stem-Like Phenotypes and Progression of Lung Cancer via Down-Regulating EZH2. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1413. [PMID: 30555330 PMCID: PMC6284059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors for EGF receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TKIs) such as gefitinib have been used as a standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the increasingly occurrence of drug resistance, the associated adverse effects and the enrichment of cancer stem cells significantly impedes its clinical application. β-elemene is a natural sesquiterpene with potent anti-cancer ability, and also it is renowned for its plant-origin, safety and the additive effect with traditional therapies, which prompt us to explore its potential to co-operate with TKIs to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy. Impressively, our study demonstrates that, elemene, in combination of gefitinib, displayed a significantly higher activity in inhibiting lung cancer cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. More importantly, combinative treatment profoundly impaired the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the stem-like properties and the self-renewal capacity of lung cancer cells, and hence impeded the in vivo tumor development. We also reveal that the synergistic anti-tumor effect of elemene and gefitinib was largely mediated their regulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an oncogenic histone methyltransferase and gene transcriptional regulator. Thus, our data indicate that combinative treatment of elemene and gefitinib has greater anti-neoplastic activity and greater efficacies in targeting cancer stem-like properties, mainly through regulating the malignant gene modifier and hence the subsequent effector molecules required for cancer progression. The findings may have potential implications for treating aggressive and resistant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Ge
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqin Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Weihong Ge
- School of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Zhang M, Han N, Jiang Y, Wang J, Li G, Lv X, Li G, Qiao Q. EGFR confers radioresistance in human oropharyngeal carcinoma by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling PERK-eIF2α-GRP94 and IRE1α-XBP1-GRP78. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6234-6246. [PMID: 30414263 PMCID: PMC6308109 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with radioresistance in malignant tumors. Specifically, radiation can destroy endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis to induce ER stress (ERS). However, the effect of EGFR‐mediated regulation of ERS signaling pathway on radiosensitivity has not yet been reported. The present study showed that silencing EGFR increased radiosensitivity of both radiosensitive and radioresistant oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by inhibiting ER stress signaling (PERK‐eIF2α‐GRP94 and IRE1α‐XBP1‐GRP78). This effect was abolished by pretreatment with EGF, however. In addition, knockdown of EGFR in OSCC cells inhibited DNA double‐stand break repair and autophagy while increased radiation‐induced apoptosis. Conversely, activating ERS inhibited the aforementioned functions. Furthermore, EGF increased ER stress‐independent ERK and AKT signaling upon irradiation of OSCC cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of 80 tissue samples from OSCC patients showed that co‐expression of EGFR and PERK was associated with poor prognosis. It thus appears EGFR confers radioresistance in OSCC by activating ER stress signaling. These results suggested that the cooperative effects of radiotherapy and EGFR‐targeted inhibitor therapy can be further improved by inhibiting PERK‐eIF2α‐GRP94 and IRE1α‐GRP78 in non‐response oropharyngeal carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaiyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xintong Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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30
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Zhai B, Zeng Y, Zeng Z, Zhang N, Li C, Zeng Y, You Y, Wang S, Chen X, Sui X, Xie T. Drug delivery systems for elemene, its main active ingredient β-elemene, and its derivatives in cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6279-6296. [PMID: 30349250 PMCID: PMC6186893 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s174527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemene is a noncytotoxic Class II antitumor drug extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling. β-elemene exerts its effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle, inducing cell apoptosis, exerting antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis effects, reversing multiple-drug resistance (MDR), and enhancing the immune system. Elemene injection and oral emulsion have been used to treat various tumors, including cancer of the lung, liver, brain, breast, ovary, gastric, prostate, and other tissues, for >20 years. The safety of both elemene injection and oral emulsion in the clinic has been discussed. Recently, the secondary development of β-elemene has attracted the attention of researchers and made great progress. On the one hand, studies have been carried out on liposome-based systems (including solid lipid nanoparticles [SLNs], nanostructured lipid carriers [NLCs], long-circulating liposomes, active targeting liposomes, and multidrug-loaded liposomes) and emulsion systems (including microemulsions, self-emulsion drug delivery systems [SEDDSs], and active targeting microemulsion) to solve the issues of poor solubility in water, low bioavailability, and severe phlebitis, as well as to improve antitumor efficacy. The pharmacokinetics of different drug delivery systems of β-elemene are also summarized. On the other hand, a number of highly active anticancer β-elemene derivatives have been obtained through modification of the structure of β-elemene. This review focuses on the two drug delivery systems and derivatives of β-elemene for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtao Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiying Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Nana Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Chenxi Li
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Yu You
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Xiabin Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
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31
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Cai B, Ma L, Nong S, Wu Y, Guo X, Pu J. β-elemene induced anticancer effect in bladder cancer through upregulation of PTEN and suppression of AKT phosphorylation. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6019-6025. [PMID: 30333873 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bladder cancer is one of the most aggressive tumours known and has shown resistance to traditional chemotherapy, which depends heavily on DNA-damaging drugs. β-elemene is one of the least cytotoxic antitumor agents that are extracted from Curcuma aromatica salisb and it exhibits antitumor effects in many carcinomas. β-elemene has attracted the attention of clinicians and scientists worldwide due to its few side effects and limited effect on the bone marrow. However, the antitumor mechanism of β-elemene remains largely unstudied. In the present study, the expression of the AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling pathway in bladder cancer and normal bladder tissue was investigated, and the influence of β-elemene on bladder cancer cells and the mechanisms involved were assessed. The results showed that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) was downregulated and phosphorylated-AKT (pAKT) was overexpressed in human bladder cancer. β-elemene significantly suppressed the viability of bladder cancer cells, while leaving normal bladder cells unaffected. In addition, there was an increased number of apoptotic bladder cancer cells following β-elemene treatment, and a significant reduction in cell invasion and migration. Subsequent western blot analyses revealed that bladder cancer cells treated with β-elemene had increased PTEN expression and decreased expression of pAKT. Taken together, these results suggest that β-elemene has an antitumor effect in bladder cancer cells through the upregulation of PTEN and suppression of AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Nong
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - You Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jinxian Pu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
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Hu T, Gao Y. β-elemene against Burkitt's lymphoma via activation of PUMA mediated apoptotic pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1557-1562. [PMID: 30119230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma is a type of highly aggressive Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although advanced Burkitt's lymphoma is responsive to high-intensity chemotherapy regimens, increasing systemic toxicity, tumor recurrence and metastasis significantly reduce the patient survival. Thus, it is important to investigate novel antitumor agents with safety and effectiveness. β-elemene shows anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells by triggering apoptosis through regulating several molecular signaling pathways. However, its role in the suppression of Burkitt's lymphoma has not yet been fully elucidated. The inhibitory effect of β-elemene in Burkitt's lymphoma was studied in vitro and in vivo, as well as the involved molecular mechanism. The results demonstrated that β-elemene effectively inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of Burkitt's lymphoma cells through upregulation of PUMA expression and modulating PUMA related apoptotic signaling pathway. The in vivo data confirmed the anti-tumor effect of β-elemene in the xenografts, suggesting that β-elemene is associated with PUMA activation, leading to Bax and caspase induction and onset of mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglin Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Hospital, No.12 Lingyin Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China.
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Xu L, Guo T, Qu X, Hu X, Zhang Y, Che X, Song H, Gong J, Ma R, Li C, Fan Y, Ma Y, Hou K, Wu P, Dong H, Liu Y. β-elemene increases the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL by promoting the formation of DISC in lipid rafts. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1377-1385. [PMID: 29957841 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Elemene, an anti-cancer drug extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herb, showed anti-tumor effects on gastric cancer cells. Our previous studies reported gastric cancer cells are insensitive to TRAIL. However, whether β-elemene could enhance anti-cancer effects of TRAIL on gastric cancer cells is unknown. In our present study, β-elemene prevented gastric cancer cell viability in dose-dependent manner, and when combined with TRAIL, obviously inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Compared to β-elemene or TRAIL alone, treatment with β-elemene and TRAIL obviously promoted DR5 clustering as well as translocation of Caspase-8, DR5 and FADD into lipid rafts. This led to cleavage of Caspase-8 and the formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in lipid rafts. The cholesterol-sequestering agent nystatin partially reversed DR5 clustering and DISC formation, preventing apoptosis triggered by the combination of β-elemene and TRAIL. Our results suggest that β-elemene increases the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to TRAIL partially by promoting the formation of DISC in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Huicong Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanju Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Peihong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Li H, Chen L, Li JJ, Zhou Q, Huang A, Liu WW, Wang K, Gao L, Qi ST, Lu YT. miR-519a enhances chemosensitivity and promotes autophagy in glioblastoma by targeting STAT3/Bcl2 signaling pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:70. [PMID: 29843746 PMCID: PMC5975545 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance to temozolomide (TMZ) is a major challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously found that miR-519a functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma by targeting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mediated autophagy oncogenic pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of miR-519a on TMZ chemosensitivity and autophagy in GBM cells. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways were explored. Methods In the present study, two stable TMZ-resistant GBM cell lines were successfully generated by exposure of parental cells to a gradually increasing TMZ concentration. After transfecting U87-MG/TMZ and U87-MG cells with miR-519a mimic or inhibitor, a series of biochemical assays such as MTT, apoptosis, and colony formation were performed to determine the chemosensitive response to TMZ. The autophagy levels in GBM cells were detected by transmission electron microscopy, LC3B protein immunofluorescence, and Western blotting analysis. Stable knockdown and overexpression of miR-519a in GBM cells were established using lentivirus. A xenograft nude mouse model and in situ brain model were used to examine the in vivo effects of miR-519a. Tumor tissue samples were collected from 48 patients with GBM and were used to assess the relationship between miR-519a and STAT3 expression. Results TMZ treatment significantly upregulated miR-519a in U87-MG cells but not in U87-MG/TMZ cells. Moreover, the expression of miR-519a and baseline autophagy levels was lower in U87-MG/TMZ cells as compared to U87-MG cells. miR-519a dramatically enhanced TMZ-induced autophagy and apoptotic cell death in U87-MG/TMZ cells, while inhibition of miR-519a promoted TMZ resistance and reduced TMZ-induced autophagy in U87-MG cells. Furthermore, miR-519a induced autophagy through modification of STAT3 expression. The in vivo results showed that miR-519a can enhance apoptosis and sensitized GBM to TMZ treatment by promoting autophagy and targeting the STAT3/Bcl-2/Beclin-1 pathway. In human GBM tissues, we found an inverse correlation between miR-519a and STAT3 expression. Conclusions Our results suggested that miR-519a increased the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ therapy. The positive effects of miR-519a may be mediated through autophagy. In addition, miR-519a overexpression can induce autophagy by inhibiting STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway. Therefore, a combination of miR-519a and TMZ may represent an effective therapeutic strategy in GBM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0618-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Annie Huang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Tao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Tao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Nanfang Neurology Research Institution, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Z, Liu Z, Yue H, Wang J. Beta-elemene increases chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil through down-regulating microRNA-191 expression in colorectal carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7032-7039. [PMID: 29737579 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor occurring in the alimentary system. Despite developments of modern medicine, developed resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) may lead to poor prognosis. Herein, we aimed to explore the effects of beta-elemene on colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116 and HT29) as well as the underlying mechanisms. Beta-elemene reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Increased apoptosis following beta-elemene exposure was due to enhanced sensitivity to 5-FU through down-regulating miR-191. Expression of key kinases, including Wnt3a, and β-catenin, were down-regulated by beta-elemene through a miR-191 mechanism. Moreover, beta-elemene might improve resistance of colorectal carcinoma cells to 5-FU by down-regulating miR-191, thereby inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbing Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Haifeng Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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Wei M, Chu C, Wang S, Yan J. Quantitative analysis of sesquiterpenes and comparison of three Curcuma wenyujin herbal medicines by micro matrix solid phase dispersion coupled with MEEKC. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1119-1128. [PMID: 29355994 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple, efficient and environmental friendly method was proposed for determining five sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma wenyujin by MSPD extraction coupled with MEEKC separation. Molecular sieve was applied as a solid support for extraction of sesquiterpenoids for the first time. Various parameters affecting extraction and separation efficiency were investigated. The optimized conditions involved dispersing sample (200 mg) with 200 mg of TS-1 for 150 s and using 1000 μL of methanol to elute five target analytes. Finally, they were well separated by using a running buffer containing 1.3% SDS, 5.0% 1-butanol, 0.5% ethyl acetate and 10% acetonitrile in 10 mM borate buffer at pH 9.0. Consequently, the developed method was fully validated and successfully applied to determine the five sesquiterpenoids including curdine, curcumenol, germacrone, furanodiene and β-elemene in Curcuma wenyujin origin's Chinese herbal medicines. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed based on the contents of target compounds for distinguishing steamed and non-steamed drugs. The present study provided a promising method for fast investigation and discrimination of chemical difference in steam & non-steamed Chinese medicines from Curcuma wenyujin origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Fang M, Mei X, Yao H, Zhang T, Zhang T, Lu N, Liu Y, Xu W, Wan C. β-elemene enhances anticancer and anti-metastatic effects of osteosarcoma of ligustrazine in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3957-3964. [PMID: 29467906 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the anticancer effects of the combination of β-elemene and ligustrazine in vitro as well as in in vivo. Following evaluation using an MTT assay, β-elemene, ligustrazine and the β-elemene-ligustrazine combination treatments all exhibited the capacity to inhibit the growth of OS-732 cells, with inhibitory rates of 43.3, 54.4, and 75.0%, respectively. Using a flow cytometry assay, it was determined that the β-elemene-ligustrazine combination possessed the highest apoptotic rate (30.6%). Furthermore, β-elemene-ligustrazine combination treatment resulted in the highest downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor 124, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 mRNA, and protein expression levels. In addition, the combined treatment led to an increase in the mRNA and protein expression of endostatin, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in OS-732 cells. Additionally, β-elemene-ligustrazine caused a decrease in nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-8, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator mRNA expression, as well as an increase in caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 mRNA expression. In vivo, the β-elemene-ligustrazine combination was able to reduce the weight and the bulk of the tumor in BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice compared with any other group. All the results described above regarding changes to mRNA and protein expression were further confirmed in vivo in the tumor tissue of mice. The results of the present study have suggested that the combination of β-elemene-ligustrazine exhibits greater anticancer effects compared with β-elemene- or ligustrazine-alone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fang
- Department of Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Mei
- Department of Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yanshi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300270, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tianjin Liulin Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| | - Chunyou Wan
- Department of Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Wang LM. Inhibition of autophagy attenuated curcumol-induced apoptosis in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells via Janus kinase signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6387-6394. [PMID: 29151904 PMCID: PMC5680701 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether autophagy was triggered by curcumol and to explore the association between autophagy and apoptosis of MG-63 cells and the underlying mechanism. MG-63 cells were cultured in vitro. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation inhibition of the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line by curcumol. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V/propidium iodide staining flow cytometry was performed to analyze the apoptotic rate of cells. The morphological alterations of cell nuclei were evaluated by Hoechst 33258 viable cell staining. The effects of autophagy in cells was investigated by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-light chain 3 (LC3) transfection and using a fluorescence microscope. The expression levels of LC3II, LC3I and cleaved caspase-3 and Janus kinase (JNK) signaling pathway activation were determined by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was inhibited by curcumol in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Curcumol induced apoptosis by the caspase-dependent signaling pathway in MG-63 cells. The present study demonstrated that curcumol could induce autophagy of MG-63 cells, which was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the curcumol treatment alone group, the GFP-LC3-transfected green fluorescence plasmids and the LC3II/LC3I levels in cells of the curcumol and chloroquine (CQ) treatment group were upregulated, and the apoptotic ratio was downregulated following pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor CQ for 1 h. Furthermore, curcumol treatment induced phosphorylation of the JNK signaling pathway. Of note, pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, decreased the rates of autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting a crucial role served by the JNK signaling pathway in the activation of autophagy by curcumol. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that activation of the JNK signaling pathway was involved in curcumol-induced autophagy. Curcumol is a novel drug for chemotherapeutic combination therapy. Curcumol demonstrated potential antitumor activities in MG-63 cells and may be used as a novel effective reagent in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Upper Limb Injury Department, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital and Orthopedic Hospital of Henan, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Chang Z, Gao M, Zhang W, Song L, Jia Y, Qin Y. Beta-elemene treatment is associated with improved outcomes of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:333-337. [PMID: 29113648 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effects of concurrent preoperative β-elemene treatment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received concurrent chemoradiotherpay followed by surgery. METHOD The clinicopathological parameters and outcomes of 102 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were studied and compared between patients treated with and without β-elemene. RESULTS β-elemene treatment could prolong the overall survival and progression-free survival. The 3-year overall survival rate was also increased by β-elemene treatment. β-elemene treatment was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and progression-free survival. Occurrence of toxicities associated with chemoradiotherapy was decreased by β-elemene treatment. CONCLUSIONS Findings in this study suggested that β-elemene treatment provided survival benefits and reduced chemoradiotherapy-associated toxicities in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Henson E, Chen Y, Gibson S. EGFR Family Members' Regulation of Autophagy Is at a Crossroads of Cell Survival and Death in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040027. [PMID: 28338617 PMCID: PMC5406702 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways are altered in many cancers contributing to increased cell survival. These alterations are caused mainly through increased expression or mutation of EGFR family members EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. These receptors have been successfully targeted for cancer therapy. Specifically, a monoclonal antibody against ErbB2, trastuzumab, and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor against EGFR, gefitinib, have improved the survival of breast and lung cancer patients. Unfortunately, cancer patients frequently become resistant to these inhibitors. This has led to investigating how EGFR can contribute to cell survival and how cancer cells can overcome inhibition of its signaling. Indeed, it is coming into focus that EGFR signaling goes beyond a single signal triggering cell proliferation and survival and is a sensor that regulates the cell’s response to microenvironmental stresses such as hypoxia. It acts as a switch that modulates the ability of cancer cells to survive. Autophagy is a process of self-digestion that is inhibited by EGFR allowing cancer cells to survive under stresses that would normally cause death and become resistant to chemotherapy. Inhibiting EGFR signaling allows autophagy to contribute to cell death. This gives new opportunities to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat cancers that rely on EGFR signaling networks and autophagy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of EGFR family member regulation of autophagy in cancer cells and how new therapeutic strategies could be developed to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Henson
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Spencer Gibson
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
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