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Hashemi M, Esbati N, Rashidi M, Gholami S, Raesi R, Bidoki SS, Goharrizi MASB, Motlagh YSM, Khorrami R, Tavakolpournegari A, Nabavi N, Zou R, Mohammadnahal L, Entezari M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. Biological landscape and nanostructural view in development and reversal of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101846. [PMID: 38042134 PMCID: PMC10716031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer patients has been mainly followed using chemotherapy and it is a gold standard in improving prognosis and survival rate of patients. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a third-platinum anti-cancer agent that reduces DNA synthesis in cancer cells to interfere with their growth and cell cycle progression. In spite of promising results of using OXA in cancer chemotherapy, the process of drug resistance has made some challenges. OXA is commonly applied in treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) as a malignancy of gastrointestinal tract and when CRC cells increase their proliferation and metastasis, they can obtain resistance to OXA chemotherapy. A number of molecular factors such as CHK2, SIRT1, c-Myc, LATS2 and FOXC1 have been considered as regulators of OXA response in CRC cells. The non-coding RNAs are able to function as master regulator of other molecular pathways in modulating OXA resistance. There is a close association between molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, glycolysis and EMT with OXA resistance, so that apoptosis inhibition, pro-survival autophagy induction and stimulation of EMT and glycolysis can induce OXA resistance in CRC cells. A number of anti-tumor compounds including astragaloside IV, resveratrol and nobiletin are able to enhance OXA sensitivity in CRC cells. Nanoparticles for increasing potential of OXA in CRC suppression and reversing OXA resistance have been employed in cancer chemotherapy. These subjects are covered in this review article to shed light on molecular factors resulting in OXA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Esbati
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadaf Gholami
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabadin Bidoki
- Faculty of medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Leila Mohammadnahal
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Zabeti Touchaei A, Vahidi S, Samadani AA. Decoding the regulatory landscape of lncRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for gastric and colorectal cancers. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38294554 PMCID: PMC10830721 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) are major contributors to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in understanding molecular mechanisms and improved drug treatments, the overall survival rate for patients remains unsatisfactory. Metastasis and drug resistance are major challenges contributing to the high mortality rate in both CRC and GC. Recent research has shed light on the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of these cancers. LncRNAs regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications and interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins. They can serve as miRNA precursors or pseudogenes, modulating gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Additionally, circulating lncRNAs have emerged as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of drug therapy response in CRC and GC. This review explores the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and CRC/GC, encompassing their roles in cancer development, progression, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets in these malignancies. The interplay between lncRNAs, miRNAs, and tumor microenvironment is also highlighted, emphasizing their impact on the complexity of cancer biology. Understanding the regulatory landscape and molecular mechanisms governed by lncRNAs in CRC and GC is crucial for the development of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and paves the way for further exploration of lncRNAs as key players in the management of CRC and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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3
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Ahmadpour ST, Orre C, Bertevello PS, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Dumas JF, Desquiret-Dumas V. Breast Cancer Chemoresistance: Insights into the Regulatory Role of lncRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15897. [PMID: 37958880 PMCID: PMC10650504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of noncoding RNAs composed of more than 200 nucleotides without the ability to encode functional proteins. Given their involvement in critical cellular processes such as gene expression regulation, transcription, and translation, lncRNAs play a significant role in organism homeostasis. Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer worldwide and evidence has shown a relationship between aberrant lncRNA expression and BC development. One of the main obstacles in BC control is multidrug chemoresistance, which is associated with the deregulation of multiple mechanisms such as efflux transporter activity, mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming, and epigenetic regulation as well as apoptosis and autophagy. Studies have shown the involvement of a large number of lncRNAs in the regulation of such pathways. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated. In this review, we present the principal mechanisms associated with BC chemoresistance that can be directly or indirectly regulated by lncRNA, highlighting the importance of lncRNA in controlling BC chemoresistance. Understanding these mechanisms in deep detail may interest the clinical outcome of BC patients and could be used as therapeutic targets to overcome BC therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Tayebeh Ahmadpour
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Charlotte Orre
- Inserm U1083, UMR CNRS 6214, Angers University, 49933 Angers, France; (C.O.); (D.M.-P.)
| | - Priscila Silvana Bertevello
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | | | - Jean-François Dumas
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
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4
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Yin Q, Ma H, Bamunuarachchi G, Zheng X, Ma Y. Long Non-Coding RNAs, Cell Cycle, and Human Breast Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:481-494. [PMID: 37243445 PMCID: PMC10398747 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute an important class of the human transcriptome. The discovery of lncRNAs provided one of many unexpected results of the post-genomic era and uncovered a huge number of previously ignored transcriptional events. In recent years, lncRNAs are known to be linked with human diseases, with particular focus on cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that dysregulation of lncRNAs in breast cancer (BC) is strongly associated with the occurrence, development, and progress. Increasing numbers of lncRNAs have been found to interact with cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis in BC. The lncRNAs can exert their effect as a tumor suppressor or oncogene and regulate tumor development through direct or indirect regulation of cancer-related modulators and signaling pathways. What is more, lncRNAs are excellent candidates for promising therapeutic targets in BC due to the features of high tissue and cell-type specific expression. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in BC still remain largely undefined. Here, we concisely summarize and sort out the current understanding of research progress in relationships of the roles for lncRNA in regulating the cell cycle. We also summarize the evidence for aberrant lncRNA expression in BC, and the potential for lncRNA to improve BC therapy is also discussed. Together, lncRNAs can be considered as exciting therapeutic candidates whose expression can be altered to impede BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Yin
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haodi Ma
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gayan Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Spatial Navigation and Memory Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Mitra R, Adams CM, Eischen CM. Decoding the lncRNAome Across Diverse Cellular Stresses Reveals Core p53-effector Pan-cancer Suppressive lncRNAs. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:842-859. [PMID: 37377895 PMCID: PMC10173889 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerging as key contributors to malignancies, their transcriptional regulation, tissue-type expression under different conditions, and functions remain largely unknown. Developing a combined computational and experimental framework, which integrates pan-cancer RNAi/CRISPR screens, and genomic, epigenetic, and expression profiles (including single-cell RNA sequencing), we report across multiple cancers, core p53-transcriptionally regulated lncRNAs, which were thought to be primarily cell/tissue-specific. These lncRNAs were consistently directly transactivated by p53 with different cellular stresses in multiple cell types and associated with pan-cancer cell survival/growth suppression and patient survival. Our prediction results were verified through independent validation datasets, our own patient cohort, and cancer cell experiments. Moreover, a top predicted p53-effector tumor-suppressive lncRNA (we termed PTSL) inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation by modulating the G2 regulatory network, causing G2 cell-cycle arrest. Therefore, our results elucidated previously unreported, high-confidence core p53-targeted lncRNAs that suppress tumorigenesis across cell types and stresses. Significance Identification of pan-cancer suppressive lncRNAs transcriptionally regulated by p53 across different cellular stresses by integrating multilayered high-throughput molecular profiles. This study provides critical new insights into the p53 tumor suppressor by revealing the lncRNAs in the p53 cell-cycle regulatory network and their impact on cancer cell growth and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clare M. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine M. Eischen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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6
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Verhoeff TJ, Holloway AF, Dickinson JL. Non-coding RNA regulation of integrins and their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:239-250. [PMID: 36512308 PMCID: PMC10060301 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are integral to cell signalling and management of the extracellular matrix, and exquisite regulation of their expression is essential for a variety of cell signalling pathways, whilst disordered regulation is a key driver of tumour progression and metastasis. Most recently non-coding RNAs in the form of micro-RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have emerged as a key mechanism by which tissue dependent gene expression is controlled. Whilst historically these molecules have been poorly understood, advances in 'omic' technologies and a greater understanding of non-coding regions of the genome have revealed that non-coding RNAs make up a large proportion of the transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES This review examines the regulation of integrin genes by ncRNAs, provides and overview of their mechanism of action and highlights how exploitation of these discoveries is informing the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer. MiRNA molecules have been the most extensively characterised and negatively regulate most integrin genes, classically regulating genes through binding to recognition sequences in the mRNA 3'-untranslated regions of gene transcripts. LncRNA mechanisms of action are now being elucidated and appear to be more varied and complex, and may counter miRNA molecules, directly engage integrin mRNA transcripts, and guide or block both transcription factors and epigenetic machinery at integrin promoters or at other points in integrin regulation. Integrins as therapeutic targets are of enormous interest given their roles as oncogenes in a variety of tumours, and emerging therapeutics mimicking ncRNA mechanisms of action are already being trialled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Joseph Verhoeff
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Tasmania), Australia
| | - Adele F Holloway
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Tasmania), Australia
| | - Joanne L Dickinson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Tasmania), Australia.
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7
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Fischer M, Riege K, Hoffmann S. The landscape of human p53-regulated long non-coding RNAs reveals critical host gene co-regulation. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 36852646 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in p53-mediated tumor suppression has become increasingly appreciated in the past decade. Thus, the identification of p53-regulated lncRNAs can be a promising starting point to select and prioritize lncRNAs for functional analyses. By integrating transcriptome and transcription factor-binding data, we identified 379 lncRNAs that are recurrently differentially regulated by p53. Dissecting the mechanisms by which p53 regulates many of them, we identified sets of lncRNAs regulated either directly by p53 or indirectly through the p53-RFX7 and p53-p21-DREAM/RB:E2F pathways. Importantly, we identified multiple p53-responsive lncRNAs that are co-regulated with their protein-coding host genes, revealing an important mechanism by which p53 may regulate lncRNAs. Further analysis of transcriptome data and clinical data from cancer patients showed that recurrently p53-regulated lncRNAs are associated with patient survival. Together, the integrative analysis of the landscape of p53-regulated lncRNAs provides a powerful resource facilitating the identification of lncRNA function and displays the mechanisms of p53-dependent regulation that could be exploited for developing anticancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Riege
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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8
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Haemophilus ducreyi Infection Induces Oxidative Stress, Central Metabolic Changes, and a Mixed Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Environment in the Human Host. mBio 2022; 13:e0312522. [PMID: 36453940 PMCID: PMC9765465 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03125-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated host-bacterial interactions at sites of infection in humans using transcriptomics and metabolomics. Haemophilus ducreyi causes cutaneous ulcers in children and the genital ulcer disease chancroid in adults. We developed a human challenge model in which healthy adult volunteers are infected with H. ducreyi on the upper arm until they develop pustules. Here, we characterized host-pathogen interactions in pustules using transcriptomics and metabolomics and examined interactions between the host transcriptome and metabolome using integrated omics. In a previous pilot study, we determined the human and H. ducreyi transcriptomes and the metabolome of pustule and wounded sites of 4 volunteers (B. Griesenauer, T. M. Tran, K. R. Fortney, D. M. Janowicz, et al., mBio 10:e01193-19, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01193-19). While we could form provisional transcriptional networks between the host and H. ducreyi, the study was underpowered to integrate the metabolome with the host transcriptome. To better define and integrate the transcriptomes and metabolome, we used samples from both the pilot study (n = 4) and new volunteers (n = 8) to identify 5,495 human differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 123 H. ducreyi DEGs, 205 differentially abundant positive ions, and 198 differentially abundant negative ions. We identified 42 positively correlated and 29 negatively correlated human-H. ducreyi transcriptome clusters. In addition, we defined human transcriptome-metabolome networks consisting of 9 total clusters, which highlighted changes in fatty acid metabolism and mitigation of oxidative damage. Taken together, the data suggest a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory environment and rewired central metabolism in the host that provides a hostile, nutrient-limited environment for H. ducreyi. IMPORTANCE Interactions between the host and bacteria at sites of infection in humans are poorly understood. We inoculated human volunteers on the upper arm with the skin pathogen H. ducreyi or a buffer control and biopsied the resulting infected and sham-inoculated sites. We performed dual transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolic analysis on the biopsy samples. Network analyses between the host and bacterial transcriptomes and the host transcriptome-metabolome network were used to identify molecules that may be important for the virulence of H. ducreyi in the human host. Our results suggest that the pustule is highly oxidative, contains both pro- and anti-inflammatory components, and causes metabolic shifts in the host, to which H. ducreyi adapts to survive. To our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic responses to a single bacterial pathogen in the human host.
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9
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Mitra R, Adams CM, Eischen CM. Systematic lncRNA mapping to genome-wide co-essential modules uncovers cancer dependency on uncharacterized lncRNAs. eLife 2022; 11:e77357. [PMID: 35695878 PMCID: PMC9191893 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of gene dependency across hundreds of cell lines using genome-scale CRISPR screens has revealed co-essential pathways/modules and critical functions of uncharacterized genes. In contrast to protein-coding genes, robust CRISPR-based loss-of-function screens are lacking for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are key regulators of many cellular processes, leaving many essential lncRNAs unidentified and uninvestigated. Integrating copy number, epigenetic, and transcriptomic data of >800 cancer cell lines with CRISPR-derived co-essential pathways, our method recapitulates known essential lncRNAs and predicts proliferation/growth dependency of 289 poorly characterized lncRNAs. Analyzing lncRNA dependencies across 10 cancer types and their expression alteration by diverse growth inhibitors across cell types, we prioritize 30 high-confidence pan-cancer proliferation/growth-regulating lncRNAs. Further evaluating two previously uncharacterized top proliferation-suppressive lncRNAs (PSLR-1, PSLR-2) showed they are transcriptionally regulated by p53, induced by multiple cancer treatments, and significantly correlate to increased cancer patient survival. These lncRNAs modulate G2 cell cycle-regulating genes within the FOXM1 transcriptional network, inducing a G2 arrest and inhibiting proliferation and colony formation. Collectively, our results serve as a powerful resource for exploring lncRNA-mediated regulation of cellular fitness in cancer, circumventing current limitations in lncRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Clare M Adams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
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10
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van den Berg I, Smid M, Coebergh van den Braak RRJ, van de Wiel MA, van Deurzen CHM, de Weerd V, Martens JWM, IJzermans JNM, Wilting SM. A panel of DNA methylation markers for the classification of consensus molecular subtypes 2 and 3 in patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3348-3362. [PMID: 34510716 PMCID: PMC8637568 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) can guide precision treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aim to identify methylation markers to distinguish between CMS2 and CMS3 in patients with CRC, for which an easy test is currently lacking. To this aim, fresh‐frozen tumor tissue of 239 patients with stage I‐III CRC was analyzed. Methylation profiles were obtained using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We performed adaptive group‐regularized logistic ridge regression with post hoc group‐weighted elastic net marker selection to build prediction models for classification of CMS2 and CMS3. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used for validation. Group regularization of the probes was done based on their location either relative to a CpG island or relative to a gene present in the CMS classifier, resulting in two different prediction models and subsequently different marker panels. For both panels, even when using only five markers, accuracies were > 90% in our cohort and in the TCGA validation set. Our methylation marker panel accurately distinguishes between CMS2 and CMS3. This enables development of a targeted assay to provide a robust and clinically relevant classification tool for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge van den Berg
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vanja de Weerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Wilting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Jin H, Du W, Huang W, Yan J, Tang Q, Chen Y, Zou Z. lncRNA and breast cancer: Progress from identifying mechanisms to challenges and opportunities of clinical treatment. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:613-637. [PMID: 34589282 PMCID: PMC8463317 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that has a high mortality rate and mostly occurs in women. Although significant progress has been made in the implementation of personalized treatment strategies for molecular subtypes in breast cancer, the therapeutic response is often not satisfactory. Studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in breast cancer and closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In addition, the high tissue and cell-type specificity makes lncRNAs particularly attractive as diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic factors, and specific therapeutic targets. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in breast cancer is essential for developing new treatment strategies. In this review, we systematically elucidate the general characteristics, potential mechanisms, and targeted therapy of lncRNAs and discuss the emerging functions of lncRNAs in breast cancer. Additionally, we also highlight the advantages and challenges of using lncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets for drug resistance in breast cancer and present future perspectives in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jin
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiajing Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qing Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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12
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Wang HX, Qin XH, Shen J, Liu QH, Shi YB, Xue L. Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Placenta-Specific Protein 9 Inhibits Proliferation and Stimulates Motility of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628480. [PMID: 34123785 PMCID: PMC8194706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 9 (PLAC9) is a putative secretory protein that was initially identified in the placenta and is involved in cell proliferation and motility. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that PLAC9 is repressed in lung cancers (LCs), especially lung adenocarcinomas, compared to that in the paired adjacent normal tissues, indicating that PLAC9 might be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. To investigate the potential role of PLAC9 in the abnormal reprogramming of airway epithelial cells (AECs), a key cause of pulmonary diseases, we constructed a stable PLAC9-overexpressing human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE-GFP-Plac9). We utilized the proteomic approach isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to analyze the effect of PLAC9 on cellular protein composition. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses revealed that GO terms and pathways associated with cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell motility and migration were significantly enriched among the proteins regulated by PLAC9. Our in vitro results showed that PLAC9 overexpression reduced cell proliferation, altered cell cycle progression, and increased cell motility, including migration and invasion. Our findings suggest that PLAC9 inhibits cell proliferation through S phase arrest by altering the expression levels of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and promotes cell motility, likely via the concerted actions of cyclins, E-cadherin, and vimentin. Since these mechanisms may underlie PLAC9-mediated abnormal human bronchial pathogenesis, our study provides a basis for the development of molecular targeted treatments for LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Wang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Hui Qin
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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13
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van den Berg I, Smid M, Coebergh van den Braak RRJ, van Deurzen CHM, de Weerd V, Foekens JA, IJzermans JNM, Martens JWM, Wilting SM. Circular RNA in Chemonaive Lymph Node Negative Colon Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1903. [PMID: 33920880 PMCID: PMC8071322 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) appear important in tumor progression of colon cancer (CC). We identified an extensive catalog of circRNAs in 181 chemonaive stage I/II colon tumors, who underwent curative surgery between 2007 and 2014. We identified circRNAs from RNAseq data, investigated common biology related to circRNA expression, and studied the association between circRNAs and relapse status, tumor stage, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), tumor localization and microsatellite instability (MSI). We identified 2606 unique circRNAs. 277 circRNAs (derived from 260 genes) were repeatedly occurring in at least 20 patients of which 153 showed a poor or even negative (R < 0.3) correlation with the expression level of their linear gene. The circular junctions for circSATB2, circFGD6, circKMT2C and circPLEKHM3 were validated by Sanger sequencing. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that circRNAs were often co-expressed and that high diversity in circRNAs was associated with favorable disease-free survival (DFS), which was confirmed by Cox regression analysis (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.97, p = 0.036). Considering individual circRNAs, absence of circMGA was significantly associated with relapse, whereas circSATB2, circNAB1, and circCEP192 were associated with both MSI and CMS. This study represents a showcase of the potential clinical utility of circRNAs for prognostic stratification in patients with stage I-II colon cancer and demonstrated that high diversity in circRNAs is associated with favorable DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge van den Berg
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.B.); (R.R.J.C.v.d.B.); (J.N.M.I.)
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (V.d.W.); (J.A.F.); (J.W.M.M.)
| | - Robert R. J. Coebergh van den Braak
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.B.); (R.R.J.C.v.d.B.); (J.N.M.I.)
| | - Carolien H. M. van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Vanja de Weerd
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (V.d.W.); (J.A.F.); (J.W.M.M.)
| | - John A. Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (V.d.W.); (J.A.F.); (J.W.M.M.)
| | - Jan N. M. IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.B.); (R.R.J.C.v.d.B.); (J.N.M.I.)
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (V.d.W.); (J.A.F.); (J.W.M.M.)
| | - Saskia M. Wilting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (V.d.W.); (J.A.F.); (J.W.M.M.)
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14
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Sabbir Ahmed CM, Paul BC, Cui Y, Frie AL, Burr A, Kamath R, Chen JY, Nordgren TM, Bahreini R, Lin YH. Integrative Analysis of lncRNA-mRNA Coexpression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Dimethyl Selenide-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:892-900. [PMID: 33656867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl selenide (DMSe) is one of the major volatile organoselenium compounds released into the atmosphere through plant metabolism and microbial methylation. DMSe has been recently revealed as a precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and its resultant SOA possesses strong oxidizing capability toward thiol groups that can perturb several major biological pathways in human airway epithelial cells and is linked to genotoxicity, DNA damage, and p53-mediated stress responses. Mounting evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in stress responses to internal and environmental stimuli. However, the underlying molecular interactions remain to be elucidated. In this study, we performed integrative analyses of lncRNA-mRNA coexpression in the transformed human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cell line exposed to DMSe-derived SOA. We identified a total of 971 differentially expressed lncRNAs in BEAS-2B cells exposed to SOA derived from O3 and OH oxidation of DMSe. Gene ontology (GO) network analysis of cis-targeted genes showed significant enrichment of DNA damage, apoptosis, and p53-mediated stress response pathways. trans-Acting lncRNAs, including PINCR, PICART1, DLGAP1-AS2, and LINC01629, known to be associated with human carcinogenesis, also showed altered expression in cell treated with DMSe-SOA. Overall, this study highlights the regulatory role of lncRNAs in altered gene expression induced by DMSe-SOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Sabbir Ahmed
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Biplab Chandra Paul
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yumeng Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Alexander L Frie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rohan Kamath
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jin Y Chen
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Roya Bahreini
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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15
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Hussen BM, Nicknafs F, Hidayat HJ, Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M. A Diagnostic Panel for Acquired Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathies Based on the Expression of lncRNAs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643615. [PMID: 33708228 PMCID: PMC7940672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to alter immune responses, thus contributing to the pathobiology of autoimmune conditions. We investigated the expression levels of ANRIL, PICART1, MALAT1, CCAT1, CCAT2, and CCHE1 lncRNAs in acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP and CIDP). ANRIL, PICART1, MALAT1, CCAT1, CCAT2, and CCHE1 lncRNAs were significantly downregulated in individuals with both AIDP and CIDP compared with unaffected individuals. Gender-based comparisons also verified such downregulations in both male and female subjects compared with sex-matched unaffected controls for all lncRNAs. There was no significant difference in the expression of any of the lncRNAs between cases with AIDP and cases with CIDP. While the expression levels of ANRIL and PICART1 were significantly correlated in healthy subjects (r = 0.86, p = 8.5E-16), similar analysis in cases with AIDP and CIDP revealed no significant correlation. The most robust correlation among patients was detected between ANRIL and MALAT1 lncRNAs (r = 0.59, p = 3.52E-6). ANRIL, MALAT1, and PICART1 had the diagnostic power of 0.96, 0.94, and 0.92 in distinguishing between cases with CIDP and controls, respectively. A combination of all lncRNAs resulted in 0.95 diagnostic power with a sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.96 for this purpose. Diagnostic power values of these lncRNAs in differentiation between cases with AIDP and controls were 0.98, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. The combinatorial diagnostic power reached 0.98 for differentiation between cases with AIDP and controls. The six-lncRNA panel could differentiate combined cases with AIDP and CIDP from controls with area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity values of 0.97, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. Collectively, the lncRNA panel is suggested as a sensitive and specific diagnostic panel for acquired immune-mediated polyneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Fwad Nicknafs
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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A Systematic Analysis of Dysregulated Long Non-Coding RNAs/microRNAs/mRNAs in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:701-710. [PMID: 33012486 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounts up for approximately 30% of all lung cancers with a high mortality. The study was aimed at finding genes critical in the diagnosis and prognosis of LUSC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The differentially expressed (DE) genes (DEGs) and DE lncRNAs (DELs) from 501 LUSC and 49 normal lung tissues, and DE miRNAs (DEMs) from 478 LUSC and 45 normal lung tissues were respectively obtained via the TCGA database. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and co-expression network analyses were performed. Survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve of hub mRNAs were also analyzed. Competitive endogenous RNA networks of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were constructed. RESULTS A total of 5747 DEGs, 378 DEMs and 3141 DELs in LUSC were identified in LUSC. The DEGs including AUARK, CDK1, KIF11 and EXO1 were proven to be significant metastatic indicators in LUSC, and 2 DEGs were significantly associated with the survival in LUSC patients. Some genes might have connections with many other gene nodes through a co-expression network. Four lncRNAs, 2 mRNAs and 2 miRNAs were identified as the candidates for the competitive miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA network and might serve as prognostic markers in LUSC. CONCLUSIONS We identified the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in LUSC, providing further insights into the molecular mechanism of LUSC tumorigenesis and the potential prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for LUSC.
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17
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Lai M, Liu G, Li R, Bai H, Zhao J, Xiao P, Mei J. Hsa_circ_0079662 induces the resistance mechanism of the chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin through the TNF-α pathway in human colon cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5021-5027. [PMID: 32243061 PMCID: PMC7205783 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to research the biological functions of circRNA (hsa_circ_0079662) and its underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer. Drug-resistant cell lines (HT29-LOHP, HCT116-LOHP, HCT8-LOHP) were separately dealt with oxaliplatin concentration gradient (0.1-10 μmol/L). Real-time PCR, Western blotting, dual-luciferase assay, miRNA pull-down assay, coimmunoprecipitation and ELASA were performed to explore the mechanism of chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin resistance in CRC. The results showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0079662 was increased in drug-resistant cell lines by RT-PCR. The expression of HOXA9, TRIP6, Vcam-1, VEGFC, MMP3, MMP9 and MMP14 was higher by Western blotting. Interaction between HOXA9 and TRIP6 in CO-IP detection. Additionally, the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 were also found. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0079662, as a ceRNA binding with hsa-mir-324-5p, can regulate target gene HOXA9 and induced the mechanism of chemotherapy drug oxaliplatin resistance in CRC through the TNF-α pathway in human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfen Lai
- Department of OncologyThe Second Clinical Medical School of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guiju Liu
- Department of OncologyZhengzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of OncologyZhengzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of OncologyZhengzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jizhi Zhao
- Department of OncologyZhengzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of OncologyZhengzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiazhuan Mei
- Department of OncologyZhengzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityZhengzhouChina
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18
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Xu G, Wang H, Yuan D, Yao J, Meng L, Li K, Zhang Y, Dang C, Zhu K. RUNX1-activated upregulation of lncRNA RNCR3 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and suppresses apoptosis in colorectal cancer via miR-1301-3p/AKT1 axis in vitro and in vivo. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1762-1777. [PMID: 32239427 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have participated in progression of colorectal cancer. This study aims to study the role of RUNX1/RNCR3/miR-1301-3p/AKT1 axis in colorectal cancer. METHODS The cancer tissues were from patients with colorectal cancer. The qRT-PCR was used to determine expression of lncRNA RNCR3, miR-1301-3p, and AKT1. Both dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay were conducted to investigate the binding sites of RUNX1 on RNCR3 promoter. Western blot was performed to analyze expression of AKT1 protein. Both dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to detect the interacting sites between RNCR3 and miR-1301-3p. The CCK-8 assay, soft agar assay, transwell assay, and annexin-V-FITC/PI staining were applied to analyze the cell growth, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS The data demonstrated that RNCR3 was elevated in colorectal cancer, and it was negatively correlated with expression of miR-1301-3p which was decreased in cancers. Then, RNCR3 could interact with and suppress miR-1301-3p expression in HCT116 and SW480. Knockdown of RNCR3 or miR-1301-3p overexpression significantly inhibited cell growth, invasion, and increased apoptosis through suppressing expression of Cyclin A1, PCNA, N-cadherin, Bcl-2, and promoting expression of E-cadherin, Bax in vitro and in vivo. RUNX1 was directly bound to RNCR3 promoter to activate RNCR3 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of RNCR3 blocked tumor inhibitory effects of miR-1301-3p on proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, RNCR3 and miR-1301-3p synergistically modulated AKT1 expression. CONCLUSION RUNX1-activated upregulation of RNCR3 promoted colorectal cancer progression by sponging miR-1301-3p to elevate AKT1 levels in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - D Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - J Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - L Meng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - K Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - C Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 West Yan-ta Road, Xi 'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang T, Hu H, Yan G, Wu T, Liu S, Chen W, Ning Y, Lu Z. Long Non-Coding RNA and Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819843889. [PMID: 30983509 PMCID: PMC6466467 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819843889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, one of the most common diseases among women, is regarded as a
heterogeneous and complicated disease that remains a major public health concern.
Recently, owing to the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, long
non-coding RNAs have received extensive attention. Numerous studies reveal that long
non-coding RNAs are playing important roles in tumor development. Although the biological
function and molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs remain enigmatic, recent
researchers have demonstrated that an array of long non-coding RNAs express abnormally in
cancers, including breast cancer. Herein, we summarized the latest literature about long
non-coding RNAs in breast cancer, with a particular focus on the multiple molecular roles
of regulatory long non-coding RNAs that regulate cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis,
and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Yan
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangwei Wu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiyi Liu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,3 Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,3 Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,4 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Ning
- 2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- 1 Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,2 School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,3 Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,4 Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Long non-coding RNA BRE-AS1 represses non-small cell lung cancer cell growth and survival via up-regulating NR4A3. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:53-63. [PMID: 30227111 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression of many cancers. Nevertheless, more than 50,000 lncRNAs were identified in human cells and the roles of majority of these lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unknown. In this study, using public NSCLC microarray data we identified a novel lncRNA BRE antisense RNA 1 (BRE-AS1). BRE-AS1 is significantly down-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays showed that BRE-AS1 reduces NSCLC cell viability, represses NSCLC cell proliferation, and induces NSCLC cell apoptosis in vitro, and represses NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that BRE-AS1 physically binds STAT3, reduces the binding of STAT3 to the promoter of NR4A3, relieves the repression of NR4A3 caused by STAT3, and up-regulates NR4A3 expression. Consistently, NR4A3 is significantly down-regulated in NSCLC tissues and the expression of NR4A3 is positively correlated with the expression of BRE-AS1 in NSCLC tissues. In addition, depletion of NR4A3 attenuates the tumor suppressive roles of BRE-AS1 in NSCLC. Collectively, our data demonstrate that BRE-AS1 represses NSCLC cell growth and survival via up-regulating NR4A3 and suggest that enhancing BRE-AS1 may be potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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21
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Li Q, Liao C, Xu W, Li G, Hong K, Cheng X, Li J. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D (XPD) Inhibits the Proliferation Cycle of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) by Activating Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5951-5959. [PMID: 30146633 PMCID: PMC6122044 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VSMC proliferation plays a key role in atherosclerosis, but the role of XPD in VSMC proliferation remains unknown. We investigated the expression of XPD, which is involved in cell cycle regulation, and its role in VSMC proliferation response to atherogenic stimuli. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human umbilical vein VSMCs were transfected with recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD and pEGFP-N2 and incubated with PDGF-BB in vitro. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The expressions of XPD, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, CDK4, and cyclin D1 protein were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS PDGF inhibited the expression of XPD in VSMCs and promoted VSMC proliferation. Overexpression of XPD significantly augmented cell cycle arrest, and attenuated protein expression levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1 in VSMCs. XPD overexpression suppressed the effects of PDGF-BB in promoting G1/S transition and accelerating protein expression levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1. XPD diminished the phosphorylation of GSK3β, and SB216763 inhibited the reduction effect of XPD on CDK4 and cyclin D1. CONCLUSIONS XPD induces VSMC cell cycle arrest, and the activation of GSK3β plays a crucial role in inhibitory effect of XPD on VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Genlin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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22
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Long non-coding RNAs: crucial regulators of gastrointestinal cancer cell proliferation. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:50. [PMID: 29736267 PMCID: PMC5919979 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been prevalent in the field of non-coding RNA regulation in recent years. LncRNAs exert crucial effects on malignant cell processes in the gastrointestinal system, including proliferation. Aberrant lncRNA expression, through both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, is instrumental to tumor cell proliferation. Here, we summarize the different molecular mechanisms and relevant signaling pathways through which multifarious lncRNAs regulate cell proliferation and we show that lncRNAs are potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancers.
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23
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Ji D, Qian W, Wang Q, Li J, Gu J, Peng W, Hu T, Ji B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Sun Y. Construction of a ceRNA network reveals potential lncRNA biomarkers in rectal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2101-2113. [PMID: 29512732 PMCID: PMC5928764 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) render the functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) more complicated during cancer processes. Potential lncRNA biomarkers and their roles as ceRNAs have not been clearly described for rectal adenocarcinoma (READ). In the present study, we extracted data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) including data from 167 tumor samples and 10 adjacent non-tumor samples. A total of 202 lncRNAs, 190 microRNAs (miRNAs) and 1,530 mRNAs were identified as READ-specific RNAs [log2(fold-change)>2, FDR<0.01]. The Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analysed for 1,530 specific mRNAs. Among 202 READ-specific lncRNAs, 7 lncRNAs were identified as being associated with overall survival of READ patients. Then, a ceRNA network was constructed with 34 key lncRNAs, 25 miRNAs and 65 mRNAs. A total of 7 lncRNAs from the network were revealed to be linked to clinical features. The results of qRT-PCR ascertained that our analysis was credible. Overall, this research provides a novel perspective from which to study the lncRNA-related ceRNA network in READ and assists in the identification of new potential biomarkers to be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dongjian Ji
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiou Gu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Tao Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bing Ji
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shijia Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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24
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Circular RNA hsa_circ_000984 promotes colon cancer growth and metastasis by sponging miR-106b. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91674-91683. [PMID: 29207676 PMCID: PMC5710956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a novel type of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are widely studied in the development of human various diseases, including cancer. Here, we found circular RNA hsa_circ_000984 encoded by the CDK6 gene was remarkably upregulated in the tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and in the CRC cell lines. Moreover, high expression level of hsa_circ_000984 was significantly associated with advanced colorectal cancer. Further analysis revealed that hsa_circ_000984 knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor formation in vivo in CRC cell lines. Mechanically, we found that hsa_circ_000984 may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by competitively binding miR-106b and effectively upregulate the expression of CDK6, thereby inducing a series of malignant phenotypes of tumor cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that the hsa_circ_000984 could mediate the expression of gene CDK6 by acting as a ceRNA, which may contribute to a better understanding of between the regulatory miRNA network and CRC pathogenesis.
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25
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Kang JI, Kim MK, Lee JH, Jeon YJ, Hwang EK, Koh YS, Hyun JW, Kwon SY, Yoo ES, Kang HK. Undariopsis peterseniana Promotes Hair Growth by the Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin and ERK Pathways. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E130. [PMID: 28475144 PMCID: PMC5450536 DOI: 10.3390/md15050130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of Undariopsis peterseniana, an edible brown alga, on hair growth. The treatment of vibrissa follicles with U. peterseniana extract ex vivo for 21 days significantly increased the hair-fiber lengths. The U. peterseniana extract also significantly accelerated anagen initiation in vivo. Moreover, we found that U. peterseniana extract was able to open the KATP channel, which may contribute to increased hair growth. The U. peterseniana extract decreased 5α-reductase activity and markedly increased the proliferation of dermal papilla cells, a central regulator of the hair cycle. The U. peterseniana extract increased the levels of cell cycle proteins, such as Cyclin D1, phospho(ser780)-pRB, Cyclin E, phospho-CDK2, and CDK2. The U. peterseniana extract also increased the phosphorylation of ERK and the levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin. These results suggested that the U. peterseniana extract had the potential to influence hair growth by dermal papilla cells proliferation through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK pathways. We isolated a principal of the U. peterseniana extract, which was subsequently identified as apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, a trichogenic compound. The results suggested that U. peterseniana extract may have a pivotal role in the treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Aqua Green Technology Co. Ltd., 209 Jeju Bio-Industry Center, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Hwang
- Seaweed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 130 Tongilro, Mokpo 58746, Korea.
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Jin-Won Hyun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Soon-Young Kwon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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