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Rashed N, Liu W, Zhou X, Bode AM, Luo X. The role of circadian gene CLOCK in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119782. [PMID: 38871225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) is one of the circadian clock genes and is considered to be a fundamental regulatory gene in the circadian rhythm, responsible for mediating several biological processes. Therefore, abnormal expression of CLOCK affects its role in the circadian clock and its more general function as a direct regulator of gene expression. This dysfunction can lead to severe pathological effects, including cancer. To better understand the role of CLOCK in cancer, we compiled this review to describe the biological function of CLOCK, and especially highlighted its function in cancer development, progression, tumor microenvironment, cancer cell metabolism, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasot Rashed
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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2
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Soni N, Bissa B. Exosomes, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer Precision Medicine: New Frontiers. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00169-X. [PMID: 39032591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
"The environment shapes people's actions," a well-known proverb, strongly dictates that a change in our way of life changes our behavior. Circadian rhythms have been identified as a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the body, which, if disrupted by sleeping patterns, could result in significant metabolic alterations that adversely affect our health. The changes induced by circadian rhythm alter the secretion and cargo selection in exosomes which are nanovesicles important for intercellular communication. Exosomes were formerly known as "junk particles" but are now recognized as miniature copies of a cell's genetic material. Dysregulation of circadian rhythm has shown that it changes the gene expression of a cell to some extent and significantly alters the exosomal release. Meanwhile, cells secrete exosomes continuously to align the rhythmicity of the biological clock. In this study, we integrate circadian rhythms and exosomes with precision medicines to find better approaches to early diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Soni
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Luo B, Song J, Zhang J, Han J, Zhou X, Chen L. The contribution of circadian clock to the biological processes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1387576. [PMID: 38903177 PMCID: PMC11187296 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1387576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
All organisms have various circadian, behavioral, and physiological 24-h periodic rhythms, which are controlled by the circadian clock. The circadian clock controls various behavioral and physiological rhythms. In mammals, the primary circadian clock is present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The rhythm of the circadian clock is controlled by the interaction between negative and positive feedback loops, consisting of crucial clock regulators (including Bmal1 and Clock), three cycles (mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3), and two cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2). The development of early mammalian embryos is an ordered and complex biological process that includes stages from fertilized eggs to blastocysts and undergoes important morphological changes, such as blastocyst formation, cell multiplication, and compaction. The circadian clock affects the onset and timing of embryonic development. The circadian clock affects many biological processes, including eating time, immune function, sleep, energy metabolism, and endocrinology, therefore, it is also crucial for overall health, growth and development after birth. This review summarized the effects of the circadian clock in the body's physiological activities. A new strategy is proposed for the prevention of malformations or diseases by regulating the circadian clock or changing circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyuan Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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4
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Zeng Y, Guo Z, Wu M, Chen F, Chen L. Circadian rhythm regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of tumors. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:199. [PMID: 38678017 PMCID: PMC11055927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost all cells and play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. Maintaining a stable circadian rhythm is essential for overall health. Disruption of this rhythm can alter the expression of clock genes and cancer-related genes, and affect many metabolic pathways and factors, thereby affecting the function of the immune system and contributing to the occurrence and progression of tumors. This paper aims to elucidate the regulatory effects of BMAL1, clock and other clock genes on immune cells, and reveal the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm's involvement in tumor and its microenvironment regulation. A deeper understanding of circadian rhythms has the potential to provide new strategies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zichan Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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5
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Nettnin EA, Nguyen T, Arana S, Barros Guinle MI, Garcia CA, Gibson EM, Prolo LM. Review: therapeutic approaches for circadian modulation of the glioma microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295030. [PMID: 38173841 PMCID: PMC10762863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are malignant brain tumors that are characteristically hard to treat because of their nature; they grow quickly and invasively through the brain tissue and develop chemoradiation resistance in adults. There is also a distinct lack of targeted treatment options in the pediatric population for this tumor type to date. Several approaches to overcome therapeutic resistance have been explored, including targeted therapy to growth pathways (ie. EGFR and VEGF inhibitors), epigenetic modulators, and immunotherapies such as Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell and vaccine therapies. One new promising approach relies on the timing of chemotherapy administration based on intrinsic circadian rhythms. Recent work in glioblastoma has demonstrated temporal variations in chemosensitivity and, thus, improved survival based on treatment time of day. This may be due to intrinsic rhythms of the glioma cells, permeability of the blood brain barrier to chemotherapy agents, the tumor immune microenvironment, or another unknown mechanism. We review the literature to discuss chronotherapeutic approaches to high-grade glioma treatment, circadian regulation of the immune system and tumor microenvironment in gliomas. We further discuss how these two areas may be combined to temporally regulate and/or improve the effectiveness of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A. Nettnin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thien Nguyen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Arana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Cesar A. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Erin M. Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura M. Prolo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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6
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Zhu H, Chen J, Wen Z, Li J, Yu Q, Liao W, Luo X. The role of circadian clock genes in colorectal carcinoma: Novel insights into regulatory mechanism and implications in clinical therapy. Life Sci 2023; 333:122145. [PMID: 37797685 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a lethal malignancy with limited treatment strategies. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRC tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis are intimately associated with circadian clock, an inherent 24-h cycle oscillation of biochemical, physiological functions in almost every eukaryote. In the present review, we summarize the altered expression level of circadian genes in CRC and the prognosis associated with gene abundance switch. We illustrate the function and potential mechanisms of circadian genes in CRC pathogenesis and progression. Moreover, circadian based-therapeutic strategies including chronotherapy, therapeutics targeting potential circadian components, and melatonin treatment in CRC are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Zeqin Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Jinfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Qinyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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7
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Chiang PL, Hao WR, Hong HJ, Chen CC, Chiu CC, Fang YA, Yang TL, Lai YH, Chen MY, Hsu MH, Chiou KR, Lin KJ, Yang TY, Hsiu H, Liu JC. The Effects of Different Types of Sleep Disorder on Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4728. [PMID: 37835421 PMCID: PMC10571828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of sleep disorders (SDs), particularly sleep apnea (SA), on the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been the subject of significant research. However, the potential contribution of other SDs to the incidence of CRC remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of SDs on the risk of developing CRC. This study assessed CRC risk among individuals diagnosed with SDs compared with age- and sex-matched unaffected individuals. A longitudinal, nationwide, population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) encompassing 177,707 individuals diagnosed with SDs and 177,707 matched controls. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the relative increased risk of CRC in individuals with SDs and specific subgroups of SDs. The CRC incidences were 1.32-fold higher (95% CI 1.23-1.42) in the overall SD cohort, 1.17-fold higher (95% CI 0.82-1.68) in the SA cohort, 1.42-fold higher (95% CI 1.31-1.55) in the insomnia cohort, 1.27-fold higher (95% CI 1.17-1.38) in the sleep disturbance cohort, and 1.00-fold higher (95% CI 0.77-1.29) in the other SD cohort, after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Rui Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
| | - Yu-Ann Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
| | - Tsung-Lin Yang
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.)
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.)
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rau Chiou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jie Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yeh Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
| | - Hsin Hsiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan (T.-Y.Y.)
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan (K.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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8
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Diamantopoulou Z, Gvozdenovic A, Aceto N. A new time dimension in the fight against metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:736-748. [PMID: 36967300 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in uncovering vulnerabilities, identifying biomarkers, and developing more efficient treatments, cancer remains a threat because of its ability to progress while acquiring resistance to therapy. The circadian rhythm governs most of the cellular functions implicated in cancer progression, and its exploitation therefore opens new promising directions in the fight against metastasis. In this review we summarize the role of the circadian rhythm in tumor development and progression, with emphasis on the circadian rhythm-regulated elements that control the generation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and metastasis. We then present data on chronotherapy and discuss how circadian rhythm investigations may open new paths to more effective anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Diamantopoulou
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Gvozdenovic
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Hao H, Wang Y, Hua L. Insight into immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for colorectal cancer from the perspective of circadian clocks. Immunology 2023; 170:13-27. [PMID: 37114514 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours and the third most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Circadian clocks are widespread in humans and temporally regulate physiologic functions to maintain homeostasis. Recent studies showed that circadian components were strong regulators of the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and the immunogenicity of CRC cells. Therefore, insight into immunotherapy from the perspective of circadian clocks can be promising. Although immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, has been a milestone in cancer treatment, greater accuracy is still needed for selecting patients who will respond positively to immunotherapy with minimal side effects. In addition, there were few reviews focusing on the role of the circadian components in the TIME and the immunogenicity of CRC cells. Therefore, this review highlights the crosstalk between the TIME in CRC and the immunogenicity of CRC cells based on the circadian clocks. With the goal to achieve the possibility that patients with CRC can benefit most from the ICI treatment, we provide potential evidence and a novel idea for building a predictive framework combined with circadian factors, searching for enhancers of ICIs targeting circadian components and clinically implementing the timing of ICI treatment for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeqin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hankun Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luchun Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Ortega-Campos SM, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Amiama-Roig A, Blanco JR, Carnero A. Interactions of circadian clock genes with the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188900. [PMID: 37105413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery of the circadian clock regulates the expression of many genes and processes in the organism, allowing the adaptation of cellular activities to the daily light-dark cycles. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to various pathologies, including cancer. Thus, disturbance of the normal circadian clock at both genetic and environmental levels has been described as an independent risk factor for cancer. In addition, researchers have proposed that circadian genes may have a tissue-dependent and/or context-dependent role in tumorigenesis and may function both as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Finally, circadian clock core genes may trigger or at least be involved in different hallmarks of cancer. Hence, expanding the knowledge of the molecular basis of the circadian clock would be helpful to identify new prognostic markers of tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ortega-Campos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Amiama-Roig
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - José R Blanco
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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11
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Wang Y, Guo H, He F. Circadian disruption: from mouse models to molecular mechanisms and cancer therapeutic targets. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:297-322. [PMID: 36513953 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a timekeeping system for numerous biological rhythms that contribute to the regulation of numerous homeostatic processes in humans. Disruption of circadian rhythms influences physiology and behavior and is associated with adverse health outcomes, especially cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of circadian disruption-associated cancer initiation and development remain unclear. It is essential to construct good circadian disruption models to uncover and validate the detailed molecular clock framework of circadian disruption in cancer development and progression. Mouse models are the most widely used in circadian studies due to their relatively small size, fast reproduction cycle, easy genome manipulation, and economic practicality. Here, we reviewed the current mouse models of circadian disruption, including suprachiasmatic nuclei destruction, genetic engineering, light disruption, sleep deprivation, and other lifestyle factors in our understanding of the crosstalk between circadian rhythms and oncogenic signaling, as well as the molecular mechanisms of circadian disruption that promotes cancer growth. We focused on the discoveries made with the nocturnal mouse, diurnal human being, and cell culture and provided several circadian rhythm-based cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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12
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Pang L, Dunterman M, Xuan W, Gonzalez A, Lin Y, Hsu WH, Khan F, Hagan RS, Muller WA, Heimberger AB, Chen P. Circadian regulator CLOCK promotes tumor angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112127. [PMID: 36795563 PMCID: PMC10423747 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors in the adult central nervous system. We previously revealed that circadian regulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) affects GBM hallmarks of immunosuppression and GSC maintenance in a paracrine and autocrine manner. Here, we expand the mechanism involved in angiogenesis, another critical GBM hallmark, as a potential basis underlying CLOCK's pro-tumor effect in GBM. Mechanistically, CLOCK-directed olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3) expression results in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α)-mediated transcriptional upregulation of periostin (POSTN). As a result, secreted POSTN promotes tumor angiogenesis via activation of the TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) signaling in endothelial cells. In GBM mouse and patient-derived xenograft models, blockade of the CLOCK-directed POSTN-TBK1 axis inhibits tumor progression and angiogenesis. Thus, the CLOCK-POSTN-TBK1 circuit coordinates a key tumor-endothelial cell interaction and represents an actionable therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Pang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Madeline Dunterman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wenjing Xuan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Annette Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yiyun Lin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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13
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Wang MH, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhang HW. A circadian rhythm-related gene signature for prognosis, invasion and immune microenvironment of breast cancer. Front Genet 2023; 13:1104338. [PMID: 36685904 PMCID: PMC9849377 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian dysregulation is linked to the onset and progression of cancer, but current knowledge of the role of circadian rhythm-related genes (CRRGs) in breast cancer (BC) is limited and incomplete. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role and immune-related prognostic significance of CRRGs in BC. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer (TCGA-BRCA) genetic data were combined with 1369 CRRGs to create a model of BC prognosis-related CRRGs. To validate the model's predictive power in TCGA and other external datasets, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and receptor operation characteristic curve were plotted. The relationship between CRRGs model and gene enrichment pathways, immune cell infiltration, and differences in patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy was then discussed. Results: A CRRG-based eighteen-gene model was developed that accurately predicted the survival time of BC patients. Based on this model, BC patients can be classified as high or low risk. The high-risk group has negative immune cell infiltration (such as macrophages M0 and M2) and a poor therapeutic response to ICIs due to lower immune checkpoint gene expression. Furthermore, TCF7 and IFNG were found to be strongly associated with immune checkpoints in CRRGs model. Conclusion: The 18 CRRGs may be useful in assessing the prognosis of BC patients, studying immune infiltration, and developing more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Huan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Qian Wang, ; Hua-Wei Zhang,
| | - Hua-Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Qian Wang, ; Hua-Wei Zhang,
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14
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Qu M. Molecular crosstalk between circadian clock and cancer and therapeutic implications. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143001. [PMID: 36937362 PMCID: PMC10017454 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock governs activity of many physiological processes, thereby playing a pivotal role in human health. Circadian disruption is closely associated with cancer development; in particular, recent discoveries have provided strong evidence supporting specific functions of different molecular clock components in either promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the existing data on molecular connections between the clock and cancer. These results along with future efforts pave the road to targeting the circadian clock as a novel pathway for therapeutic intervention. Given the implications of chrono-nutrition interventions such as time-restricted feeding in extending lifespan, chrono-nutrition may have preventive and therapeutic applications for individuals with and at-risk of age-related diseases including cancer.
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15
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Basti A, Malhan D, Dumbani M, Dahlmann M, Stein U, Relógio A. Core-Clock Genes Regulate Proliferation and Invasion via a Reciprocal Interplay with MACC1 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3458. [PMID: 35884519 PMCID: PMC9319284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates the timing of several cellular processes including transcription, the cell cycle, and metabolism. Disruptions in the clock machinery trigger the abnormal regulation of cancer hallmarks, impair cellular homeostasis, and stimulate tumourigenesis. Here we investigated the role of a disrupted clock by knocking out or knocking down the core-clock (CC) genes ARNTL, PER2 or NR1D1 in cancer progression (e.g., cell proliferation and invasion) using colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines HCT116, SW480 and SW620, from different progression stages with distinct clock phenotypes, and identified mechanistic links from the clock to altered cancer-promoting cellular properties. We identified MACC1 (metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1), a known driver for metastasis and an EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition)-related gene, to be significantly differentially expressed in CC manipulated cells and analysed the effect of MACC1 manipulation (knockout or overexpression) in terms of circadian clock phenotype as well as cancer progression. Our data points to a bi-directional MACC1-circadian clock interplay in CRC, via CC genes. In particular, knocking out MACC1 reduced the period of oscillations, while its overexpression increased it. Interestingly, we found the MACC1 protein to be circadian expressed in HCT116 WT cells, which was disrupted after the knockout of CC genes, and identified a MACC1-NR1D1 protein-protein interaction. In addition, MACC1 manipulation and CC knockout altered cell invasion properties of HCT116 cells, pointing to a regulation of clock and cancer progression in CRC, possibly via the interaction of MACC1 with core-clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Basti
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (D.M.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Deeksha Malhan
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (D.M.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malti Dumbani
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz-Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (M.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz-Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (M.D.); (U.S.)
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz-Association, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.); (M.D.); (U.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (A.B.); (D.M.)
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Liu H, Liu Y, Hai R, Liao W, Luo X. The role of circadian clocks in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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Liu S, Cheng Y, Wang S, Liu H. Circadian Clock Genes Modulate Immune, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pan-Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:747629. [PMID: 34977153 PMCID: PMC8717949 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.747629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pan-renal cell carcinoma (pan-RCC) is mainly divided into renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), and chromophobe cell carcinoma (KICH). Pan-RCC is a common malignant neoplasm with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Several studies have demonstrated a close association between cancer development and circadian rhythms; however, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of the clock gene remain unclear in pan-RCC. Methods: In this study, we systematically characterized the alterations of 15 well-known clock genes of three types of kidney cancer. Bioinformatics methods, including differential expression analysis, survival analysis, signing pathway analysis, co-expression network analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis were used to study the diagnosis, prognostic role, and mechanism of clock genes. Results: Thirteen rhythmic genes fluctuated in circadian rhythm in the kidney tissue of mice, and the opposite trend of these rhythm phases was also found in baboons. There are twelve clock genes that were differentially expressed in at least two types of RCC, of which NR1D1, DBP, BHLHE40, CRY1, and CLOCK had the same trend in RCC. Changes in clock control genes may be regulated through methylation, copy number, and mutations. Five rhythmic genes, including PER2, DBP, PER3, CRY2, and RORA, have significant prognostic role in patient survival in at least two types of kidney cancer. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the expression of these rhythmic genes related to prognosis was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Pathway analysis suggests that the clock genes is widely related to cancer-related signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and other pathways. The PPI network showed that circadian genes are closely linked to cancer-related genes such as HIF-1A, TP53, and ERBB2. Moreover, clock gene expression is correlated with the sensitivity of anticancer drugs such as bleomycin and methotrexate in pan-RCC. Conclusion: Taken together, the abnormal expression of biological clock genes plays an important role in the clinical prognosis of RCC through immunity, cell cycle, and apoptosis. These findings provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis, prognosis, and drug guidance for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Liu
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Xuan W, Khan F, James CD, Heimberger AB, Lesniak MS, Chen P. Circadian regulation of cancer cell and tumor microenvironment crosstalk. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:940-950. [PMID: 34272133 PMCID: PMC8526375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate a remarkable variety of physiologic functions in living organisms. Circadian disruption is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression through effects on cancer cell biological properties, including proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, and stemness. Emerging evidence indicates that circadian clocks also play an influential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review outlines recent discoveries on how cancer cell clock components (including circadian clock and clock genes/proteins) regulate TME biology and, reciprocally, how TME clock components affect tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic response. An improved understanding of how clock components regulate the symbiosis between cancer cells and the TME will inform the development of novel clock-oriented therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xuan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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19
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Wang Q, Sundar IK, Lucas JH, Muthumalage T, Rahman I. Molecular clock REV-ERBα regulates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145200. [PMID: 34014841 PMCID: PMC8262497 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main etiological factor in the pathogenesis of emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is associated with abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previously, we have shown an association among circadian rhythms, CS-induced lung inflammation, and nuclear heme receptor α (REV-ERBα), acting as an antiinflammatory target in both pulmonary epithelial cells and fibroblasts. We hypothesized that molecular clock REV-ERBα plays an important role in CS-induced circadian dysfunction and EMT alteration. C57BL/6J WT and REV-ERBα heterozygous (Het) and –KO mice were exposed to CS for 30 days (subchronic) and 4 months (chronic), and WT mice were exposed to CS for 10 days with or without REV-ERBα agonist (SR9009) administration. Subchronic/chronic CS exposure caused circadian disruption and dysregulated EMT in the lungs of WT and REV-ERBα–KO mice; both circadian and EMT dysregulation were exaggerated in the REV-ERBα–KO condition. REV-ERBα agonist, SR9009 treatment reduced acute CS-induced inflammatory response and abnormal EMT in the lungs. Moreover, REV-ERBα agonist (GSK4112) inhibited TGF-β/CS–induced fibroblast differentiation in human fetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL-1). Thus, CS-induced circadian gene alterations and EMT activation are mediated through a Rev-erbα–dependent mechanism, which suggests activation of REV-ERBα as a novel therapeutic approach for smoking-induced chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph H Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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20
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Zhang Y, Devocelle A, Desterke C, de Souza LEB, Hadadi É, Acloque H, Foudi A, Xiang Y, Ballesta A, Chang Y, Giron-Michel J. BMAL1 Knockdown Leans Epithelial-Mesenchymal Balance toward Epithelial Properties and Decreases the Chemoresistance of Colon Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5247. [PMID: 34065633 PMCID: PMC8157026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates biological and physiological functions to day/night cycles. The perturbation of the circadian clock increases cancer risk and affects cancer progression. Here, we studied how BMAL1 knockdown (BMAL1-KD) by shRNA affects the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical early event in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). In corresponding to a gene set enrichment analysis, which showed a significant enrichment of EMT and invasive signatures in BMAL1_high CRC patients as compared to BMAL1_low CRC patients, our results revealed that BMAL1 is implicated in keeping the epithelial-mesenchymal equilibrium of CRC cells and influences their capacity of adhesion, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Firstly, BMAL1-KD increased the expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, CK-20, and EpCAM) but decreased the expression of Twist and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) in CRC cell lines. Finally, the molecular alterations after BMAL1-KD promoted mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition-like changes mostly appeared in two primary CRC cell lines (i.e., HCT116 and SW480) compared to the metastatic cell line SW620. As a consequence, migration/invasion and drug resistance capacities decreased in HCT116 and SW480 BMAL1-KD cells. Together, BMAL1-KD alerts the delicate equilibrium between epithelial and mesenchymal properties of CRC cell lines, which revealed the crucial role of BMAL1 in EMT-related CRC metastasis and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- INSERM UMR-S 935, CNRS Campus, 94801 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (C.D.); (L.E.B.d.S.); (É.H.); (H.A.); (A.F.); (Y.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UMR-S 935, CNRS Campus, 94801 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (C.D.); (L.E.B.d.S.); (É.H.); (H.A.); (A.F.); (Y.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Lucas Eduardo Botelho de Souza
- INSERM UMR-S 935, CNRS Campus, 94801 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (C.D.); (L.E.B.d.S.); (É.H.); (H.A.); (A.F.); (Y.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Éva Hadadi
- INSERM UMR-S 935, CNRS Campus, 94801 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (C.D.); (L.E.B.d.S.); (É.H.); (H.A.); (A.F.); (Y.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Hervé Acloque
- INSERM UMR-S 935, CNRS Campus, 94801 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (C.D.); (L.E.B.d.S.); (É.H.); (H.A.); (A.F.); (Y.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Adlen Foudi
- INSERM UMR-S 935, CNRS Campus, 94801 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (C.D.); (L.E.B.d.S.); (É.H.); (H.A.); (A.F.); (Y.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Yao Xiang
- INSERM UMR-S 1151, Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Hematology, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris Descartes University, CNRS UMR 8253, 75730 Paris, France;
| | - Annabelle Ballesta
- INSERM UMR-S 900, Institut Curie, MINES ParisTech CBIO, PSL Research University, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France;
| | - Yunhua Chang
- INSERM UMR-S 935, CNRS Campus, 94801 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (C.D.); (L.E.B.d.S.); (É.H.); (H.A.); (A.F.); (Y.C.)
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- INSERM UMR-S 1151, Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Hematology, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris Descartes University, CNRS UMR 8253, 75730 Paris, France;
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- Orsay-Vallée Campus, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807 Villejuif, France
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21
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Astone M, Santoro MM. Time to fight: targeting the circadian clock molecular machinery in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1164-1184. [PMID: 33549826 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates a wide range of molecular pathways and biological processes. The expression of clock genes is often altered in cancer, fostering tumor initiation and progression. Inhibition and activation of core circadian clock genes, as well as treatments that restore circadian rhythmicity, have been successful in counteracting tumor growth in different experimental models. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of studies that show the therapeutic effects of targeting the clock molecular machinery in cancer, both genetically and pharmacologically. We also highlight future areas for progress that offer a promising path towards innovative anticancer strategies. Substantial limitations in the current understanding of the complex interplay between the circadian clock and cancer in vivo need to be addressed in order to allow clock-targeting therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy.
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22
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Tomas-Loba A. Melatonin and Cancer: A Polyhedral Network Where the Source Matters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020210. [PMID: 33535472 PMCID: PMC7912767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is one of the most phylogenetically conserved signals in biology. Although its original function was probably related to its antioxidant capacity, this indoleamine has been “adopted” by multicellular organisms as the “darkness signal” when secreted in a circadian manner and is acutely suppressed by light at night by the pineal gland. However, melatonin is also produced by other tissues, which constitute its extrapineal sources. Apart from its undisputed chronobiotic function, melatonin exerts antioxidant, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects, with all these properties making it a powerful antitumor agent. Indeed, this activity has been demonstrated to be mediated by interfering with various cancer hallmarks, and different epidemiological studies have also linked light at night (melatonin suppression) with a higher incidence of different types of cancer. In 2007, the World Health Organization classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen due to circadian disruption, where melatonin plays a central role. Our aim is to review, from a global perspective, the role of melatonin both from pineal and extrapineal origin, as well as their possible interplay, as an intrinsic factor in the incidence, development, and progression of cancer. Particular emphasis will be placed not only on those mechanisms related to melatonin’s antioxidant nature but also on the recently described novel roles of melatonin in microbiota and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 28090 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
| | - Antonia Tomas-Loba
- Circadian Rhythm and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
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23
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Rajendran S, Barbon S, Pucciarelli S. Spotlight on Circadian Genes and Colorectal Cancer Crosstalk. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:4-11. [PMID: 32579510 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200624192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology is regulated by circadian clock through oscillating feedback loops controlling cellular processes and behaviors. Recent findings have led to an interesting connection between circadian disruption and colorectal cancer progression and incidence through controlling the hallmarks of cancer, namely cell cycle, cell metabolism and cell death. Deeper understanding of the circadian mechanisms that define the colorectal cancer pathophysiology is the need of the hour to define a chronotherapy for improving colorectal cancer patient survival. This review identifies the key areas in which circadian genes interact with cellular pathways to modify the outcome with respect to colorectal cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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24
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Li Y, Li J, Hou Y, Huang L, Bian Y, Song G, Qiao C. Circadian clock gene Clock is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia through hypoxia. Life Sci 2020; 247:117441. [PMID: 32074481 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the circadian clock gene Clock on the biological behavior of trophoblasts and its role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of Clock mRNA. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression and localization of Clock protein. CoCl2 was used to induce the hypoxic trophoblast cells. Cell invasion assay, wound healing assay and MTT assays were used to detect the invasion, migration, and proliferation ability. Reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model was established by surgically clamping the abdominal aorta and uterine arteries. Transfection of si-Clock was used to silencing the expression of Clock. RESULTS Clock mRNA expression was increased in placenta of preeclampsia and CoCl2-induced hypoxic trophoblasts, while protein was decreased. But the trend was opposite in RUPP rat models. Hypoxia can also change the expression rhythm of Clock. The proliferation, migration and invasion ability of trophoblasts decreased after hypoxia, while these abilities restored to near normal level after silencing Clock. CONCLUSION The expression of Clock gene in human placenta tissue, hypoxia cell model and RUPP rat model suggests that it may regulate the biological behavior of trophoblast cells through hypoxia, and then participate in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiapo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Bian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guiyu Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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25
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Codoñer-Franch P, Gombert M. Circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4297-4303. [PMID: 30344415 PMCID: PMC6189841 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i38.4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of digestive pathologies such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cancer is not yet fully understood. In recent years, several studies have evidenced circadian variations in mechanisms involved in digestive health. In situations of disturbed circadian rhythms (chronodisruption) where the central clock and the peripheral clocks receive incoherent signals, the synchronicity is lost producing implications for health. This lack of coordination could alter the tissue function and cause long term damage to the organs. Life habits such as sleep, physical exercise, social interaction, and feeding times are determinants for stability and integrity of circadian rhythms. In recent years, experimental and clinical studies have consistently evidenced that the alteration of circadian rhythms is associated with the development of digestive pathologies mainly linked to dismotility or changes in microbiota composition. Likewise, it seems reasonable to deep into the importance of chronodisruption as a factor that may participate in the development of pathologies such as IBS, IBD and digestive cancers. Moreover, life habits respecting circadian rhythms should be promoted for the prevention of these diseases. Further studies will allow us a better understanding of the mechanisms acting at molecular level, and the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Ginecology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia 46017, Spain
| | - Marie Gombert
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Ginecology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of La Rochelle, La Rochelle 17000, France
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26
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Maiese K. Moving to the Rhythm with Clock (Circadian) Genes, Autophagy, mTOR, and SIRT1 in Degenerative Disease and Cancer. Curr Neurovasc Res 2018; 14:299-304. [PMID: 28721811 DOI: 10.2174/1567202614666170718092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian circadian clock and its associated clock genes are increasingly been recognized as critical components for a number of physiological and disease processes that extend beyond hormone release, thermal regulation, and sleep-wake cycles. New evidence suggests that clinical behavior disruptions that involve prolonged shift work and even space travel may negatively impact circadian rhythm and lead to multi-system disease. METHODS In light of the significant role circadian rhythm can hold over the body's normal physiology as well as disease processes, we examined and discussed the impact circadian rhythm and clock genes hold over lifespan, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumorigenesis. RESULTS In experimental models, lifespan is significantly reduced with the introduction of arrhythmic mutants and leads to an increase in oxidative stress exposure. Interestingly, patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease may suffer disease onset or progression as a result of alterations in the DNA methylation of clock genes as well as prolonged pharmacological treatment for these disorders that may lead to impairment of circadian rhythm function. Tumorigenesis also can occur with the loss of a maintained circadian rhythm and lead to an increased risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, breast cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer. Interestingly, the circadian clock system relies upon the regulation of the critical pathways of autophagy, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) as well as proliferative mechanisms that involve the wingless pathway of Wnt/β-catenin pathway to foster cell survival during injury and block tumor cell growth. CONCLUSION Future targeting of the pathways of autophagy, mTOR, SIRT1, and Wnt that control mammalian circadian rhythm may hold the key for the development of novel and effective therapies against aging- related disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, NY. United States
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