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Gao DL, Lin MR, Ge N, Guo JT, Yang F, Sun SY. From macroautophagy to mitophagy: Unveiling the hidden role of mitophagy in gastrointestinal disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2934-2946. [PMID: 38946875 PMCID: PMC11212700 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i23.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on an article titled “Morphological and biochemical characteristics associated with autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases”, which was published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology. We focused on the statement that “autophagy is closely related to the digestion, secretion, and regeneration of gastrointestinal cells”. With advancing research, autophagy, and particularly the pivotal role of the macroautophagy in maintaining cellular equilibrium and stress response in the gastrointestinal system, has garnered extensive study. However, the significance of mitophagy, a unique selective autophagy pathway with ubiquitin-dependent and independent variants, should not be overlooked. In recent decades, mitophagy has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. The interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial quality control is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms, as well as for the development of novel treatment strategies. Exploring the pathogenesis behind gastrointestinal diseases and providing individualized and efficient treatment for patients are subjects we have been exploring. This article reviews the potential mechanism of mitophagy in gastrointestinal diseases with the hope of providing new ideas for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Lun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meng-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Tao Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Minimally Invasive Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Techniques, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Sung JY, Cheong JH. Single Cell Analysis of Gastric Cancer Reveals Non-Defined Telomere Maintenance Mechanism. Cells 2022; 11:3342. [PMID: 36359738 PMCID: PMC9657924 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) are important for cell survival and homeostasis. However, most related cancer research studies have used heterogenous bulk tumor tissue, which consists of various single cells, and the cell type properties cannot be precisely recognized. In particular, cells exhibiting non-defined TMM (NDTMM) indicate a poorer prognosis than those exhibiting alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT)-like mechanisms. In this study, we used bioinformatics to classify TMMs by cell type in gastric cancer (GC) in single cells and compared the biological processes of each TMM. We elucidated the pharmacological vulnerabilities of NDTMM type cells, which are associated with poor prognosis, based on molecular mechanisms. We analyzed differentially expressed genes in cells exhibiting different TMMs in two single-cell GC cohorts and the pathways enriched in single cells. NDTMM type cells showed high stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer hallmark activity, and metabolic reprogramming with mitochondrial abnormalities. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) activated parkin-dependent mitophagy in association with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA) to maintain cellular homeostasis without TMM. NR4A1 overexpression affected TNFA-induced GC cell apoptosis by inhibiting Jun N-terminal kinase/parkin-dependent mitophagy. Our findings also revealed that NR4A1 is involved in cell cycle mediation, inflammation, and apoptosis to maintain cell homeostasis, and is a novel potential therapeutic target in recalcitrant GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Hu B, Wang P, Zhang S, Liu W, Lv X, Shi D, Zhao L, Liu H, Wang B, Chen S, Shao Z. HSP70 attenuates compression-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by suppressing mitochondrial fission via upregulating the expression of SIRT3. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:309-323. [PMID: 35338257 PMCID: PMC8980024 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compression-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Recent studies have shown that the dysregulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. However, its role in and regulatory effects on compression-induced apoptosis of NP cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a major cytoprotective heat shock protein, but its physiological role in IVDD, especially its effect on mitochondrial fission and fusion, is still unknown. Herein, we found that compression could induce mitochondrial fission, which ultimately trigger apoptosis of NP cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, we identified the cytoprotective effects of HSP70 on NP cells, and we found that promoting the expression of HSP70 could protect NP cells from abnormal mechanical loading in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we showed that HSP70 inhibited compression-induced mitochondrial fission by promoting SIRT3 expression, thereby attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species and ultimately inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in NP cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that HSP70 could attenuate compression-induced apoptosis of NP cells by suppressing mitochondrial fission via upregulating SIRT3 expression. Promoting the expression of HSP70 might be a novel strategy for the treatment of IVDD. A so-called chaperone protein that assists other proteins in correctly folding helps to prevent compression-induced cell death in the intervertebral discs responsible for cushioning the spine. Binwu Hu from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, and coworkers showed that mitochondria in the cells from the jelly-like substance found in vertebral discs in the spine tended to divide when exposed to abnormal mechanical loading. This fission resulted in cell death. In cell culture experiments and in mice, the researchers found that boosting levels of the molecular chaperone HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) prevented this mitochondrial dysfunction, in part by activating another stress-response protein called SIRT3. The findings point to HSP70 as a promising drug target for addressing intervertebral disc degeneration, a common cause of chronic back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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NR4A1 Regulates Tamoxifen Resistance by Suppressing ERK Signaling in ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071633. [PMID: 34209871 PMCID: PMC8307977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen is effective against this cancer subtype. Nonetheless, approximately 30% of patients treated with tamoxifen acquire resistance, resulting in therapeutic challenges. NR4A1 plays key roles in processes associated with carcinogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, proliferation, and inflammation. However, the role of NR4A1 in tamoxifen-resistant ER-positive breast cancer has not yet been elucidated. Here, we propose that NR4A1 is a promising target to overcome tamoxifen resistance. NR4A1 gene expression was downregulated in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (TamR) cells compared to that in MCF7 cells. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to identify high NR4A1 expression correlated with increased survival rates in patients with ER-positive breast cancer following tamoxifen treatment. Gain and loss of function experiments showed that NR4A1 restores sensitivity to tamoxifen by regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. NR4A1 localized to the cytoplasm enhanced the expression of apoptotic factors. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed that NR4A1 enhanced responsiveness to tamoxifen by suppressing ERK signaling in ER-positive breast cancer, suggesting that the NR4A1/ERK signaling axis modulates tamoxifen resistance. These results indicate that NR4A1 could be a potential therapeutic target to overcome tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer.
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NR4A1 Regulates Tamoxifen Resistance by Suppressing ERK Signaling in ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Cells 2021. [PMID: 34209871 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071633/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen is effective against this cancer subtype. Nonetheless, approximately 30% of patients treated with tamoxifen acquire resistance, resulting in therapeutic challenges. NR4A1 plays key roles in processes associated with carcinogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, proliferation, and inflammation. However, the role of NR4A1 in tamoxifen-resistant ER-positive breast cancer has not yet been elucidated. Here, we propose that NR4A1 is a promising target to overcome tamoxifen resistance. NR4A1 gene expression was downregulated in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (TamR) cells compared to that in MCF7 cells. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to identify high NR4A1 expression correlated with increased survival rates in patients with ER-positive breast cancer following tamoxifen treatment. Gain and loss of function experiments showed that NR4A1 restores sensitivity to tamoxifen by regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. NR4A1 localized to the cytoplasm enhanced the expression of apoptotic factors. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed that NR4A1 enhanced responsiveness to tamoxifen by suppressing ERK signaling in ER-positive breast cancer, suggesting that the NR4A1/ERK signaling axis modulates tamoxifen resistance. These results indicate that NR4A1 could be a potential therapeutic target to overcome tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer.
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Identified a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 6 serve as a novel gastric cancer prognostic biomarker by bioinformatics analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228334. [PMID: 33851708 PMCID: PMC8065180 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to explore the prognostic value of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) genes in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) expression data for 351 GC patients and other relevant clinical data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Survival analysis and a genome-wide gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to define the underlying molecular value of the ADAMTS genes in GC development. Besides, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were all employed to validate the relationship between the expression of these genes and GC patient prognosis. Results: The Log rank test with both Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that ADAMTS6 expression profile correlated with the GC patients clinical outcome. Patients with a high expression of ADAMTS6 were associated with poor overall survival (OS). Comprehensive survival analysis of the ADAMTS genes suggests that ADAMTS6 might be an independent predictive factor for the OS in patients with GC. Besides, GSEA demonstrated that ADAMTS6 might be involved in multiple biological processes and pathways, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), tumor protein P53, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), cadherin (CDH1) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathways. It was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR that ADAMTS6 is highly expressed in GC, which may be related to the prognosis of GC patients. Conclusion: In summary, our study demonstrated that ADAMTS6 gene could be used as a potential molecular marker for GC prognosis.
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Zhou HR, Ma XF, Lin WJ, Hao M, Yu XY, Li HX, Xu CY, Kuang HY. Neuroprotective Role of GLP-1 Analog for Retinal Ganglion Cells via PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:589114. [PMID: 33679385 PMCID: PMC7928389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.589114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 analogs have been widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes in recent years and studies have found that GLP-1 analogs have multiple organ benefits. However, the role of GLP-1 analogs in diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), remains controversial. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the only afferent neurons responsible for transmitting visual information to the visual center and are vulnerable in the early stage of DR. Protection of RGC is vital for visual function. The incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is secreted by L-cells after food ingestion, could lower blood glucose level through stimulating the release of insulin. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of GLP-1 analog on RGCs both in vitro and in vivo. We established diabetic rat models in vivo and applied an RGC-5 cell line in vitro. The results showed that in high glucose conditions, GLP-1 analog alleviated the damage of RGCs. In addition, GLP-1 analog prevented mitophagy through the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Here we demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of GLP-1 analog, which may be beneficial for retinal function, and we further elucidated a novel mechanism in GLP-1 analog-regulated protection of the retina. These findings may expand the multi-organ benefits of GLP-1 analogs and provide new insights for the prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Fei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Jian Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Xue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Yu Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Tan J, Chen SX, Lei QY, Yi SQ, Wu N, Wang YL, Xiao ZJ, Wu H. Mitochonic acid 5 regulates mitofusin 2 to protect microglia. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1813-1820. [PMID: 33510088 PMCID: PMC8328753 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial apoptosis is associated with neuroinflammation and no effective strategies are currently available to protect microglia against inflammation-induced apoptosis. Mouse microglial BV-2 cells (5 × 106) were incubated with 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides for 12 hours to mimic an inflammatory environment. Then the cells were co-cultured with mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5) for another 12 hours. MA-5 improved the survival of lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells. MA-5 decreased the activity of caspase-3, which is associated with apoptosis. MA-5 reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells, and increased adenosine triphosphate levels in cells. MA-5 decreased the open state of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduced calcium overload and diffusion of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac). MA-5 decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (mitochondrial Smac, cytoplasmic Smac, pro-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9), and increased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl2 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), mitochondria-related proteins (mitochondrial fusion protein 2, mitochondrial microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B II), and autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, p62 and autophagy related 5). However, MA-5 did not promote mitochondrial homeostasis or decrease microglial apoptosis when Mitofusin 2 expression was silenced. This shows that MA-5 increased Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy, reversed cellular energy production and maintained energy metabolism in BV-2 cells in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. These findings indicate that MA-5 may promote the survival of microglial cells via Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing-Yun Lei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shan-Qing Yi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Jian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Xie Y, Liu J, Kang R, Tang D. Mitophagy Receptors in Tumor Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594203. [PMID: 33262988 PMCID: PMC7686508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that regulate cancer biology by synthesizing macromolecules, producing energy, and regulating cell death. The understanding of mitochondrial morphology, function, biogenesis, fission and fusion kinetics, and degradation is important for the development of new anticancer strategies. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that can degrade damaged mitochondria under various environmental stresses, especially oxidative damage and hypoxia. The key regulator of mitophagy is the autophagy receptor, which recognizes damaged mitochondria and allows them to enter autophagosomes by binding to MAP1LC3 or GABARAP, and then undergo lysosomal-dependent degradation. Many components of mitochondria, including mitochondrial membrane proteins (e.g., PINK1, BNIP3L, BNIP3, FUNDC1, NIPSNAP1, NIPSNAP2, BCL2L13, PHB2, and FKBP8) and lipids (e.g., cardiolipin and ceramides), act as mitophagy receptors in a context-dependent manner. Dysfunctional mitophagy not only inhibits, but also promotes, tumorigenesis. Similarly, mitophagy plays a dual role in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the mechanisms of mitophagy and highlight the pathological role of mitophagy receptors in tumorigenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Wang W, Lu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xia B, Cao J. Siderophores induce mitophagy-dependent apoptosis in platelets. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:879. [PMID: 32793723 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Siderophores are major virulent factors of K. pneumoniae, and their roles are iron chelators in the host. Several studies have shown that iron chelation could result in mitochondrial dysfunction and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further induces cell mitophagy and apoptosis. However, the impacts of siderophores on platelets are still unknown. Methods We obtained platelets of healthy volunteers to perform in vitro experiments in our study and treated platelets with different siderophores. Mitophagy related proteins (TOMM20, TIMM23, LC3, and p62), signal proteins (PINK1/Parkin and BNIP3), and apoptosis protein (caspase3) in platelets were analyzed by western blot. The co-localization of mitotracker with LC3-II was analyzed by immunofluorescence assays. The flow cytometer was used to evaluate ROS levels. Results All four kinds of siderophores (10 μM) secreted by K. pneumoniae increased the expression of LC3 II and reduced the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein, TOMM20, and TIMM23. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that the treatment of enterobactin significantly increased the co-localization of mitotracker with LC3-II. All four kinds of siderophores increased the ROS level in platelets. Mitophagy of platelets was activated through several pathways, including PINK1/Parkin- and BNIP3-dependent pathways. We also proved that siderophores increased the expression of caspase3 in platelets, and the expression of caspase3 significantly decreased after the pathways of mitophagy were blocked. Conclusions K. pneumoniae siderophores lead to mitophagy in platelets, and mitophagy further induces apoptosis, which may be a potential treatment of thrombocytopenia in infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yufeng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Beilei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Juan Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Zhao C, He R, Shen M, Zhu F, Wang M, Liu Y, Chen H, Li X, Qin R. PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Regulation by Reactive Oxygen Species Alleviates Rocaglamide A-Induced Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:968. [PMID: 31551778 PMCID: PMC6735223 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal diseases, and effective treatment of PC patients remains an enormous challenge. Rocaglamide A (Roc-A), a bioactive molecule extracted from the plant Aglaia elliptifolia, has aroused considerable attention as a therapeutic choice for numerous cancer treatments. Nevertheless, the effects and underlying mechanism of Roc-A in PC are still poorly understood. Here, we found that Roc-A inhibited growth and stimulated apoptosis by induction of mitochondria dysfunction in PC. Moreover, Roc-A accelerated autophagosome synthesis and triggered mitophagy involving the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin signal pathway. We also demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy can sensitize PC cells to Roc-A. Finally, Roc-A treatment results in an obvious accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pretreatment of cells with the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine reversed the apoptosis and autophagy/mitophagy induced by Roc-A. Together, our results elucidate the potential mechanisms of action of Roc-A. Our findings indicate Roc-A as a potential therapeutic agent against PC and suggest that combination inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy may be a promising therapeutic strategy in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunle Zhao
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruizhi He
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyi Qin
- Laboratory of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhou J, Shi M, Li M, Cheng L, Yang J, Huang X. Sirtuin 3 inhibition induces mitochondrial stress in tongue cancer by targeting mitochondrial fission and the JNK-Fis1 biological axis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:369-383. [PMID: 30656603 PMCID: PMC6439076 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3)-modified mitochondrial fission participates in the progression of several types of cancers. However, its role in tongue cancer requires investigation. The aim of our study is to determine whether Sirt3 knockdown regulates the viability of tongue cancer cells via modulating mitochondrial fission. Two types of tongue cancer cells were used in the present study, and siRNA was transfected into the cells to suppress Sirt3 expression. Mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis were determined via immunofluorescence, Western blotting, ELISA, and qPCR assays. A pathway blocker was applied to verify the role of the JNK-Fis1 signaling pathway in regulation of mitochondrial fission. The present study showed that loss of Sirt3 promoted tongue cancer cell death in a manner dependent on mitochondrial apoptosis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder, mitochondrial cyt-c liberation, and mitochondrial apoptosis activation were observed after Sirt3 silencing. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Sirt3 knockdown activated mitochondrial stress via triggering Fis1-related mitochondrial fission and that inhibition of Fis1-related mitochondrial fission abrogated the pro-apoptotic effect of Sirt3 knockdown on tongue cancer cells. To this end, we found that Sirt3 modulated Fis1 expression via the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathway and that blockade of the JNK pathway attenuated mitochondrial stress and repressed apoptosis in Sirt3 knockdown cells. Altogether, our results identified a tumor-suppressive role for Sirt3 deficiency in tongue cancer via activation of the JNK-Fis1 axis and subsequent initiation of fatal mitochondrial fission. Given these findings, strategies to repress Sirt3 activity and enhance the JNK-Fis1-mitochondrial fission cascade have clinical benefits for patients with tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichi Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Menghan Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinsuo Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Ouyang H, Zhou E, Wang H. Mst1-Hippo pathway triggers breast cancer apoptosis via inducing mitochondrial fragmentation in a manner dependent on JNK-Drp1 axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1147-1159. [PMID: 30809096 PMCID: PMC6376886 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s193787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mst1-Hippo pathway and mitochondrial fragmentation participate in the progression of several types of cancers. However, their roles in breast cancer requires investigation. The aim of our study is to determine whether Mst1 overexpression regulates the viability of breast cancer cells via modulating mitochondrial fragmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS TUNEL staining, MTT assay and Western blotting were used to detect cancer cell death. Adenovirus-loaded Mst1 was transfected into cells to overexpress Mst1. Mitochondrial fragmentation was observed via immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Pathway blocker was used to detect whether Mst1 modulated cell death and mitochondrial fragmentation via JNK signaling pathway. RESULTS Our data showed that Mst1 overexpression promoted breast cancer cell death in a manner dependent on mitochondrial apoptosis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder, mitochondrial cyt-c liberation and mitochondrial apoptosis activation were observed after Mst1 overexpression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Mst1 overexpression activated mitochondrial stress via triggering Drp1-related mitochondrial fragmentation, and that inhibition of Drp1-related mitochondrial fragmentation abrogated the proapoptotic effect of Mst1 overexpression on breast cancer cells. To this end, we found that Mst1 modulated Drp1 expression via the JNK signaling pathway, and that blockade of the JNK pathway attenuated mitochondrial stress and repressed apoptosis in Mst1-overexpressed cells. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results identified a tumor suppressive role for Mst1 overexpression in breast cancer via activation of the JNK-Drp1 axis and subsequent initiation of fatal mitochondrial fragmentation. Given these findings, strategies to enhance Mst1 activity and elevate the JNK-Drp1-mitochondrial fragmentation cascade have clinical benefits for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ouyang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China,
| | - Enxiang Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China,
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China,
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He M, Xiang Z, Xu L, Duan Y, Li F, Chen J. Lipopolysaccharide induces human olfactory ensheathing glial apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and activating the JNK-Bnip3-Bax pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:91-104. [PMID: 30374881 PMCID: PMC6363633 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) play an important role in regulating the regeneration of an injured nervous system. However, chronic inflammation damage reduces the viability of OEG via poorly understood mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the pathological responses of OEG in response to LPS-mediated inflammation stress in vitro. The results indicated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment significantly reduced the viability of OEG in a dose-dependent fashion. Mechanistically, LPS stimuli induced mitochondrial oxidative damage, mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial metabolism disruption, and mitochondrial apoptosis activation. Furthermore, we verified that LPS modulated mitochondrial apoptosis by promoting Bax upregulation, and this process was regulated by the JNK-Bnip3 pathway. Inhibition of the JNK-Bnip3 pathway prevented LPS-mediated Bax activation, thus attenuating OEG apoptosis. Altogether, our data illustrated that LPS-mediated inflammation injury evoked mitochondrial abnormalities in OEG damage via the JNK-Bnip3-Bax pathway. This finding provides a potential target to protect OEG against chronic inflammation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowei He
- Bengbu Medical College, Affiliated Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Zimin Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yanting Duan
- Bengbu Medical College, Affiliated Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Fangqin Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
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15
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Zhang W, Liu K, Pei Y, Ma J, Tan J, Zhao J. Mst1 regulates non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial damage via ROCK1/F‑actin pathways. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2409-2422. [PMID: 30320378 PMCID: PMC6203146 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) is well recognized as a major tumor suppressor in cancer development, growth, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis, cell death and recurrence. However, the roles of Mst1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell phenotypic alterations remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the functional role and underlying mechanisms of Mst1 with regards to A549 cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis; this study focused on mitochondrial homeostasis and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)/F‑actin pathways. The results demonstrated that Mst1 was downregulated in A549 cells compared with in a normal pulmonary epithelial cell line. Subsequently, overexpression of Mst1 in A549 cells reduced cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of Mst1 suppressed A549 cell proliferation and migration. At the molecular level, the reintroduction of Mst1 in A549 cells led to activation of mitochondrial apoptosis, as evidenced by a reduction in mitochondrial potential, overproduction of ROS, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the nucleus, and upregulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression. In addition, Mst1 overexpression was closely associated with impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and suppressed cellular energy metabolism. Functional studies illustrated that Mst1 overexpression activated ROCK1/F-actin pathways, which highly regulate mitochondrial function. Inhibition of ROCK1/F-actin pathways in A549 cells sustained mitochondrial homeostasis, alleviated caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis, enhanced cancer cell migration and increased cell proliferation. In conclusion, these data firmly established the regulatory role of Mst1 in NSCLC A549 cell survival via the modulation of ROCK1/F-actin pathways, which may provide opportunities for novel treatment modalities in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Keiqiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Yingxin Pei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Army General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
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Wei R, Cao J, Yao S. Matrine promotes liver cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting mitophagy and PINK1/Parkin pathways. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1295-1309. [PMID: 30209783 PMCID: PMC6237690 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrine is a natural alkaloid isolated from the root and stem of the legume plant Sophora. Its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on several types of cancer have been well-documented. However, the role of matrine in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, particularly mitophagy in liver cancer apoptosis, remains uncertain. The aim of our study was to explore whether matrine promotes liver cancer cell apoptosis by modifying mitophagy. HepG2 cells were used in the study and treated with different doses of matrine. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay, TUNEL staining, western blotting, and LDH release assay. Mitophagy was monitored by immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. Mitochondrial function was assessed by immunofluorescence assay, ELISA, and western blotting. The results of our study indicated that matrine treatment dose-dependently reduced cell viability and increased the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells. Functional studies demonstrated that matrine treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated mitochondrial apoptosis by inhibiting protective mitophagy. Re-activation of mitophagy abolished the pro-apoptotic effects of matrine on HepG2 cells. Molecular investigations further confirmed that matrine regulated mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin pathways. Matrine blocked the PINK1/Parkin pathways and repressed mitophagy, whereas activation of the PINK1/Parkin pathways increased mitophagy activity and promoted HepG2 cell survival in the presence of matrine. Together, our data indicated that matrine promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis through a novel mechanism that acted via inhibiting mitophagy and the PINK1/Parkin pathways. This finding provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of matrine for treating liver cancer and offers a potential target to repress liver cancer progression by modulating mitophagy and the PINK1/Parkin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjie Wei
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, No. 2 Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Yao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, No. 2 Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Wan J, Cui J, Wang L, Wu K, Hong X, Zou Y, Zhao S, Ke H. Excessive mitochondrial fragmentation triggered by erlotinib promotes pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell apoptosis via activating the mROS-HtrA2/Omi pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:165. [PMID: 30377412 PMCID: PMC6196464 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial fragmentation drastically regulates the viability of pancreatic cancer through a poorly understood mechanism. The present study used erlotinib to activate mitochondrial fragmentation and then investigated the downstream events that occurred in response to mitochondrial fragmentation. Methods Cell viability and apoptosis were determined via MTT assay, TUNEL staining and ELISA. Mitochondrial fragmentation was measured via an immunofluorescence assay and qPCR. siRNA transfection and pathway blockers were used to perform the loss-of-function assays. Results The results of our study demonstrated that erlotinib treatment mediated cell apoptosis in the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line via evoking mitochondrial fragmentation. Mechanistically, erlotinib application increased mitochondrial fission and reduced mitochondrial fusion, triggering mitochondrial fragmentation. Subsequently, mitochondrial fragmentation caused the overproduction of mitochondrial ROS (mROS). Interestingly, excessive mROS induced cardiolipin oxidation and mPTP opening, finally facilitating HtrA2/Omi liberation from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, where HtrA2/Omi activated caspase-9-dependent cell apoptosis. Notably, neutralization of mROS or knockdown of HtrA2/Omi attenuated erlotinib-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and favored cancer cell survival. Conclusions Together, our results identified the mROS-HtrA2/Omi axis as a novel signaling pathway that is activated by mitochondrial fragmentation and that promotes PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell mitochondrial apoptosis in the presence of erlotinib. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0665-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Third Clinical Medical College, Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Group Central Hospital, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Jie Cui
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Third Clinical Medical College, Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Group Central Hospital, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Lei Wang
- 2Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Third Clinical Medical College, Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Group Central Hospital, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Third Clinical Medical College, Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Group Central Hospital, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Yulin Zou
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Third Clinical Medical College, Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Group Central Hospital, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Third Clinical Medical College, Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Group Central Hospital, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Hong Ke
- 3Department of Oncology, Third Clinical Medical College, Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Group Central Hospital, No. 60 Qiaohu Lake Road, Xiling District, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
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Lu C, Chen X, Wang Q, Xu X, Xu B. TNFα promotes glioblastoma A172 cell mitochondrial apoptosis via augmenting mitochondrial fission and repression of MAPK-ERK-YAP signaling pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7213-7227. [PMID: 30425514 PMCID: PMC6203110 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s184337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore the roles of mitochondrial fission and MAPK-ERK-YAP signaling pathways and to determine their mutual relationship in TNFα-mediated glioblastoma mitochondrial apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular viability was measured via TUNEL staining, MTT assays, and Western blot. Immunofluorescence was performed to observe mitochondrial fission. YAP overexpression assays were conducted to observe the regulatory mechanisms of MAPK-ERK-YAP signaling pathways in mitochondrial fission and glioblastoma mitochondrial apoptosis. RESULTS The results in our present study indicated that TNFα treatment dose dependently increased the apoptotic rate of glioblastoma cells. Functional studies confirmed that TNFα-induced glioblastoma apoptosis was attributable to increased mitochondrial fission. Excessive mitochondrial fission promoted mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial potential, repressed ATP metabolism, elevated ROS synthesis, and downregulated antioxidant factors. In addition, the fragmented mitochondria liberated cyt-c into the cytoplasm/nucleus where it activated a caspase-9-involved mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, our data identified MAPK-ERK-YAP signaling pathways as the primary molecular mechanisms by which TNFα modulated mitochondrial fission and glioblastoma apoptosis. Reactivation of MAPK-ERK-YAP signaling pathways via overexpression of YAP neutralized the cytotoxicity of TNFα, attenuated mitochondrial fission, and favored glioblastoma cell survival. CONCLUSION Overall, our data highlight that TNFα-mediated glioblastoma apoptosis stems from increased mitochondrial fission and inactive MAPK-ERK-YAP signaling pathways, which provide potential targets for new therapies against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
| | - Bainan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
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Ji K, Lin K, Wang Y, Du L, Xu C, He N, Wang J, Liu Y, Liu Q. TAZ inhibition promotes IL-2-induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating the JNK/F-actin/mitochondrial fission pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:117. [PMID: 30127666 PMCID: PMC6092825 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokine-based cancer therapies have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Unfortunately, resistance to treatment limits the efficacy of these therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore the mechanism of IL-2-based therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in an attempt to increase the efficiency of this treatment option. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with IL-2. Then, siRNA against TZA was used to transfected into HepG2 cells. Cellular apoptosis was measured via MTT assay, TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity. Cellular proliferation was evaluated via EdU assay and western blotting. Cellular migration was detected via Transwell assay. Mitochondrial function was monitored by mitochondrial potential analysis, ROS staining, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Pathway blocker and activator were used to establish the role of JNK/F-actin/mitochondrial fission signaling pathway in HepG2 cells stress response. Results Our study found that IL-2 treatment significantly reduced the viability, mobility and proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro. We also demonstrated that IL-2 treatment was accompanied by an increase in the expression of transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Interestingly, genetic ablation of TAZ in the presence of IL-2 further promoted apoptosis, inhibited mobility, and arrested proliferation in HepG2 cells. At the molecular level, IL-2 administration activated excessive mitochondrial fission via the JNK/F-actin pathway; these effects were further enhanced by TAZ deletion. Mechanistically, TAZ knockdown further increased the expression of mitochondrial fission-related proteins such as Drp1, Mff and Fis. The augmented mitochondrial fission stimulated ROS overproduction, mediated redox imbalance, interrupted mitochondrial energy generation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, promoted leakage of the pro-apoptotic molecule cyt-c into the nucleus, and initiated caspase-9-related mitochondrial death. Further, we demonstrated that the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of IL-2 in HepG2 cells were enhanced by TAZ deletion, suggesting that IL-2 sensitizes HepG2 cells to IL-2-based cytokine therapy. However, JNK/F-actin pathway blockade could abrogate the inhibitory effects of TAZ deletion on HepG2 migration, proliferation and survival. Conclusions Taken together, our data indicate that the anti-tumor effects of IL-2-based therapies may be enhanced by TAZ deletion in a JNK/F-actin pathway-dependent manner. This finding provides a novel combinatorial therapeutic approach for treating hepatocellular carcinoma that might significantly increase the efficacy of cytokine-based therapies in a clinical setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0615-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Ningning He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, 300192 China
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Lei Q, Tan J, Yi S, Wu N, Wang Y, Wu H. Mitochonic acid 5 activates the MAPK-ERK-yap signaling pathways to protect mouse microglial BV-2 cells against TNFα-induced apoptosis via increased Bnip3-related mitophagy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:14. [PMID: 29636771 PMCID: PMC5887257 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of microglial function via mitochondrial homeostasis is important in the development of neuroinflammation. The underlying mechanism for this regulatory function remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective role of mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5) in microglial mitochondrial apoptosis following TNFα-induced inflammatory injury. METHODS TNFα was used to induce inflammatory injury in mouse microglial BV-2 cells with and without prior MA-5 treatment. Cellular apoptosis was assessed using the MTT and TUNEL assays. Mitochondrial functions were evaluated via mitochondrial membrane potential JC-1 staining, ROS flow cytometry analysis, mPTP opening assessment, and immunofluorescence of cyt-c. Mitophagy was examined using western blots and immunofluorescence. The pathways analysis was carried out using western blots and immunofluorescence with a pathway blocker. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that TNFα induced apoptosis in the microglial BV-2 cell line by activating the caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Mechanistically, inflammation reduced mitochondrial potential, induced ROS production, and contributed to the leakage of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factors into the cytoplasm. The inflammatory response reduced cellular energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress. By contrast, treatment with MA-5 reduced mitochondrial apoptosis via upregulation of mitophagy. Increased mitophagy degraded damaged mitochondria, disrupting mitochondrial apoptosis, neutralizing ROS overproduction, and improving cellular energy production. We also identified that MA-5 regulated mitophagy via Bnip3 through the MAPK-ERK-Yap signaling pathway. Inhibiting this signaling pathway or knocking down Bnip3 expression prevented MA-5 from having beneficial effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and increased microglial apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS After TNFα-induced inflammatory injury, MA-5 affects microglial mitochondrial homeostasis in a manner mediated via the amplification of protective, Bnip3-related mitophagy, which is mediated via the MAPK-ERK-Yap signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Lei
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Shangqing Yi
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hunan, China
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