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Liu P, Wang L, Yu H. Polyploid giant cancer cells: origin, possible pathways of formation, characteristics, and mechanisms of regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410637. [PMID: 39055650 PMCID: PMC11269155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are characterized by the presence of either a single enlarged nucleus or multiple nuclei and are closely associated with tumor progression and treatment resistance. These cells contribute significantly to cellular heterogeneity and can arise from various stressors, including radiation, chemotherapy, hypoxia, and environmental factors. The formation of PGCCs can occur through mechanisms such as endoreplication, cell fusion, cytokinesis failure, mitotic slippage, or cell cannibalism. Notably, PGCCs exhibit traits similar to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and generate highly invasive progeny through asymmetric division. The presence of PGCCs and their progeny is pivotal in conferring resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, as well as facilitating tumor recurrence and metastasis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the origins, potential formation mechanisms, stressors, unique characteristics, and regulatory pathways of PGCCs, alongside therapeutic strategies targeting these cells. The objective is to enhance the understanding of PGCC initiation and progression, offering novel insights into tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Beifang Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiying Yu
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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Xu MY, Xia ZY, Sun JX, Liu CQ, An Y, Xu JZ, Zhang SH, Zhong XY, Zeng N, Ma SY, He HD, Wang SG, Xia QD. A new perspective on prostate cancer treatment: the interplay between cellular senescence and treatment resistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395047. [PMID: 38694500 PMCID: PMC11061424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, particularly to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), has posed a significant challenge in the field of PCa management. Among the therapeutic options for PCa, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy are commonly used modalities. However, these therapeutic approaches, while inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, may also trigger stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Cellular senescence, an entropy-driven transition from an ordered to a disordered state, ultimately leading to cell growth arrest, exhibits a dual role in PCa treatment. On one hand, senescent tumor cells may withdraw from the cell cycle, thereby reducing tumor growth rate and exerting a positive effect on treatment. On the other hand, senescent tumor cells may secrete a plethora of cytokines, growth factors and proteases that can affect neighboring tumor cells, thereby exerting a negative impact on treatment. This review explores how radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy trigger SIPS and the nuanced impact of senescent tumor cells on PCa treatment. Additionally, we aim to identify novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in PCa treatment, thereby enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi-Dong Xia
- *Correspondence: Shao-Gang Wang, ; Qi-Dong Xia,
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3
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Demeule M, Currie JC, Charfi C, Zgheib A, Cousineau I, Lullier V, Béliveau R, Marsolais C, Annabi B. Sudocetaxel Zendusortide (TH1902) triggers the cGAS/STING pathway and potentiates anti-PD-L1 immune-mediated tumor cell killing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355945. [PMID: 38482021 PMCID: PMC10936008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The anticancer efficacy of Sudocetaxel Zendusortide (TH1902), a peptide-drug conjugate internalized through a sortilin-mediated process, was assessed in a triple-negative breast cancer-derived MDA-MB-231 immunocompromised xenograft tumor model where complete tumor regression was observed for more than 40 days after the last treatment. Surprisingly, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed high staining of STING, a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle. A weekly administration of TH1902 as a single agent in a murine B16-F10 melanoma syngeneic tumor model demonstrated superior tumor growth inhibition than did docetaxel. A net increase in CD45 leukocyte infiltration within TH1902-treated tumors, especially for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages was observed. Increased staining of perforin, granzyme B, and caspase-3 was suggestive of elevated cytotoxic T and natural killer cell activities. Combined TH1902/anti-PD-L1 treatment led to increases in tumor growth inhibition and median animal survival. TH1902 inhibited cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis and senescence in B16-F10 cells in vitro, while inducing several downstream effectors of the cGAS/STING pathway and the expression of MHC-I and PD-L1. This is the first evidence that TH1902 exerts its antitumor activity, in part, through modulation of the immune tumor microenvironment and that the combination of TH1902 with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-L1) could lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Lullier
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Béliveau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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4
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Zhao S, Xing S, Wang L, Ouyang M, Liu S, Sun L, Yu H. IL-1β is involved in docetaxel chemoresistance by regulating the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12763. [PMID: 37550397 PMCID: PMC10406903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (Doc) is a cornerstone of chemotherapy; however, treatment with Doc often and inevitably leads to drug resistance and the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). In this study, we investigated the effect of Doc on non-small cell lung cancer to explore the role of PGCCs in drug resistance and the molecular mechanisms that regulate this resistance. We found that Doc induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell death in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. However, many cells remained alive and became PGCCs by decreasing the expression of key regulatory proteins related to the cell cycle and proliferation. Notably, the PGCCs showed typical features of senescence, especially upregulation of p21 and p-histone H2A.X expression. Moreover, the mRNA level of IL-1β in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype was increased significantly with the development of PGCCs. Inhibition of IL-1β reduced the expression of p-histone H2A.X and promoted polyploidy to enhance the proapoptotic effect of Doc. Taken together, our results suggested that IL-1β was involved in the formation of PGCCs and regulated the senescence of PGCCs, which contributed to drug resistance to Doc. Therefore, targeting IL-1β in PGCCs may be a novel approach to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Sining Xing
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyue Ouyang
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingyan Sun
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiying Yu
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Mikyskova R, Sapeg O, Psotka M, Novotny O, Hodny Z, Balintova S, Malinak D, Svobodova J, Andrys R, Rysanek D, Musilek K, Reinis M. STAT3 inhibitor Stattic and its analogues inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and modulate cytokine secretion in senescent tumour cells. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:81. [PMID: 36825563 PMCID: PMC10018236 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling serves an important role in carcinogenesis and cellular senescence, and its inhibition in tumour cells represents an attractive therapeutic target. Premature cellular senescence, a process of permanent proliferative arrest of cells in response to various inducers, such as cytostatic drugs or ionizing radiation, is accompanied by morphological and secretory changes, and by altered susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents, which can thereby complicate their eradication by cancer therapies. In the present study, the responsiveness of proliferating and docetaxel (DTX)‑induced senescent cancer cells to small molecule STAT3 inhibitor Stattic and its analogues was evaluated using tumour cell lines. These agents displayed cytotoxic effects in cell viability assays on both proliferating and senescent murine TRAMP‑C2 and TC‑1 cells; however, senescent cells were markedly more resistant. Western blot analysis revealed that Stattic and its analogues effectively inhibited constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in both proliferating and senescent cells. Furthermore, whether the Stattic‑derived inhibitor K1836 could affect senescence induction or modulate the phenotype of senescent cells was evaluated. K1836 treatment demonstrated no effect on senescence induction by DTX. However, the K1836 compound significantly modulated secretion of certain cytokines (interleukin‑6, growth‑regulated oncogene α and monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1). In summary, the present study demonstrated differences between proliferating and senescent tumour cells in terms of their susceptibility to STAT3 inhibitors and demonstrated the ability of the new STAT3 inhibitor K1836 to affect the secretion of essential components of the senescence‑associated secretory phenotype. The present study may be useful for further development of STAT3 inhibitor‑based therapy of cancer or age‑related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Mikyskova
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Sapeg
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Psotka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novotny
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Hodny
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Balintova
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Rysanek
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Reinis
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Chrienova Z, Rysanek D, Oleksak P, Stary D, Bajda M, Reinis M, Mikyskova R, Novotny O, Andrys R, Skarka A, Vasicova P, Novak J, Valis M, Kuca K, Hodny Z, Nepovimova E. Discovery of small molecule mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors as anti-aging and anti-cancer therapeutics. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1048260. [PMID: 36561137 PMCID: PMC9767416 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the most studied drug in anti-aging research is the mTOR inhibitor - rapamycin. Despite its almost perfect anti-aging profile, rapamycin exerts one significant limitation - inappropriate physicochemical properties. Therefore, we have decided to utilize virtual high-throughput screening and fragment-based design in search of novel mTOR inhibiting scaffolds with suitable physicochemical parameters. Seven lead compounds were selected from the list of obtained hits that were commercially available (4, 5, and 7) or their synthesis was feasible (1, 2, 3, and 6) and evaluated in vitro and subsequently in vivo. Of all these substances, only compound 3 demonstrated a significant cytotoxic, senolytic, and senomorphic effect on normal and cancerous cells. Further, it has been confirmed that compound 3 is a direct mTORC1 inhibitor. Last but not least, compound 3 was found to exhibit anti-SASP activity concurrently being relatively safe within the test of in vivo tolerability. All these outstanding results highlight compound 3 as a scaffold worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - David Rysanek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Dorota Stary
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland,Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Milan Reinis
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumor Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Romana Mikyskova
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumor Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Novotny
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumor Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavla Vasicova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Novak
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,Zdenek Hodny,
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia,*Correspondence: Eugenie Nepovimova,
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Rysanek D, Vasicova P, Kolla JN, Sedlak D, Andera L, Bartek J, Hodny Z. Synergism of BCL-2 family inhibitors facilitates selective elimination of senescent cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6381-6414. [PMID: 35951353 PMCID: PMC9467395 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent cells in tissues with advancing age participates in the pathogenesis of several human age-associated diseases. Specific senescent secretome, the resistance of senescent cells to apoptotic stimuli, and lack of immune system response contribute to the accumulation of senescent cells and their adverse effects in tissues. Inhibition of antiapoptotic machinery, augmented in senescent cells, by BCL-2 protein family inhibitors represents a promising approach to eliminate senescent cells from tissues. This study aimed to explore synergistic and selective senolytic effects of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family targeting compounds, particularly BH3 mimetics. Using human non-transformed cells RPE-1, BJ, and MRC-5 brought to ionizing radiation-, oncogene-, drug-induced and replicative senescence, we found synergy in combining MCL-1 selective inhibitors with other BH3 mimetics. In an attempt to uncover the mechanism of such synergy, we revealed that the surviving subpopulation of cells resistant to individually applied ABT-737/ABT-263, MIK665, ABT-199, and S63845 BCL-2 family inhibitors showed elevated MCL-1 compared to untreated control cells indicating the presence of a subset of cells expressing high MCL-1 levels and, therefore, resistant to BCL-2 inhibitors within the original population of senescent cells. Overall, we found that combining BCL-2 inhibitors can be beneficial for eliminating senescent cells, thereby enabling use of lower, potentially less toxic, doses of drugs compared to monotherapy, thereby overcoming the resistance of the subpopulation of senescent cells to monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rysanek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vasicova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Sedlak
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biocev, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Braumüller H, Mauerer B, Berlin C, Plundrich D, Marbach P, Cauchy P, Laessle C, Biesel E, Holzner PA, Kesselring R. Senescent Tumor Cells in the Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Drive Immunosenescence in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908449. [PMID: 35844581 PMCID: PMC9279937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of all patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop distant metastasis and, depending on the local stage of the primary tumor, up to 48% of patients present peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). PC is often considered as a widespread metastatic disease, which is almost resistant to current systemic therapies like chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic regimens. Here we could show that tumor cells of PC besides being senescent also exhibit stem cell features. To investigate these surprising findings in more detail, we established a murine model based on tumor organoids that resembles the clinical setting. In this murine orthotopic transplantation model for peritoneal carcinomatosis, we could show that the metastatic site in the peritoneum is responsible for senescence and stemness induction in tumor cells and that induction of senescence is not due to oncogene activation or therapy. In both mouse and human PC, senescence is associated with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PC. SASP factors are able to induce a senescence phenotype in neighbouring cells. Here we could show that SASP leads to enhanced immunosenescence in the TME of PC. Our results provide a new immunoescape mechanism in PC explaining the resistance of PC to known chemo- and immunotherapeutic approaches. Therefore, senolytic approaches may represent a novel roadmap to target this terminal stage of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Braumüller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Heidi Braumüller,
| | - Bernhard Mauerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Berlin
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Plundrich
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Marbach
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Cauchy
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Laessle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Biesel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Anton Holzner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kesselring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Cytokine-Induced Senescence in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Effects on Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061364. [PMID: 35326515 PMCID: PMC8946098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to surgical excision, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapies primarily influence cells in the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor-associated lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Besides complete remission of tumor lesions, in some patients, early tumor regression is followed by a consolidation phase where residing tumors remain dormant. Whereas the cytotoxic mechanisms of the regression phase (i.e., apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and immune cell-mediated cell death) have been extensively described, the mechanisms underlying the dormant state are still a matter of debate. Here, we propose immune-mediated induction of senescence in cancers as one important player. Senescence can be achieved by tumor-associated antigen-specific T helper 1 cells, cytokines or antibodies targeting immune checkpoints. This concept differs from cytotoxic treatment, which often targets the genetic makeup of cancer cells. The immune system's ability to establish "defensive walls" around tumors also places the tumor microenvironment into the fight against cancer. Those "defensive walls" isolate the tumor cells instead of increasing the selective pressure. They also keep the tumor cells in a non-proliferating state, thereby correcting the derailed tissue homeostasis. In conclusion, strengthening the senescence surveillance of tumors by the immune cells of the microenvironment is a future goal to dampen this life-threatening disease.
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10
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McDaid WJ, Lissin N, Pollheimer E, Greene M, Leach A, Smyth P, Bossi G, Longley D, Cole DK, Scott CJ. Enhanced target-specific delivery of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles using engineered T cell receptors. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15010-15020. [PMID: 34533174 PMCID: PMC8447836 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For effective targeted therapy of cancer with chemotherapy-loaded nanoparticles (NPs), antigens that are selective for cancer cells should be targeted to minimise off-tumour toxicity. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are attractive cancer targets as they can present peptides from tumour-selective proteins on the cell surface, which can be recognised by T cells via T cell receptors (TCRs). In this study, docetaxel-loaded polymeric NPs were conjugated to recombinant affinity-enhanced TCRs to target breast cancer cells presenting a tumour-selective peptide-HLA complex. The TCR-conjugated nanoparticles enabled enhanced delivery of docetaxel and induced cell death through tumour-specific peptide-HLA targeting. These in vitro data demonstrate the potential of targeting tumour-restricted peptide-HLA epitopes using high affinity TCR-conjugated nanoparticles, representing a novel treatment strategy to deliver therapeutic drugs specifically to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J McDaid
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, BT9 7AE.
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Alderley Park, Congleton Rd, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield, UK, SK10 4TG
| | - Nikolai Lissin
- Immunocore Ltd, 101 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon, United Kingdom OX14 4RY
| | - Ellen Pollheimer
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, BT9 7AE.
| | - Michelle Greene
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, BT9 7AE.
| | - Adam Leach
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, BT9 7AE.
- Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Peter Smyth
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, BT9 7AE.
| | - Giovanna Bossi
- Immunocore Ltd, 101 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon, United Kingdom OX14 4RY
| | - Daniel Longley
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, BT9 7AE.
| | - David K Cole
- Immunocore Ltd, 101 Park Dr, Milton, Abingdon, United Kingdom OX14 4RY
| | - Christopher J Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK, BT9 7AE.
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Øverbye A, Torgersen ML, Sønstevold T, Iversen TG, Mørch Ý, Skotland T, Sandvig K. Cabazitaxel-loaded poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: toxicity and changes in the proteome of breast, colon and prostate cancer cells. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:865-884. [PMID: 34047629 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1924888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles composed of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) have shown great promise due to their biodegradability and high drug loading capacity. Development of optimal PACA nanocarriers requires detailed analysis of the overall cellular impact exerted by PACA variants. We here perform a comprehensive comparison of cabazitaxel (CBZ)-loaded nanocarriers composed of three different PACA monomers, i.e. poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA), poly(2-ethylbutyl cyanoacrylate) (PEBCA) and poly(octyl cyanoacrylate) (POCA). The cytotoxicity of drug-loaded and empty PACA nanoparticles were compared to that of free CBZ across a panel of nine cancer cell lines by assessing cellular metabolism, proliferation and protein synthesis. The analyses revealed that the cytotoxicity of all CBZ-loaded PACAs was similar to that of free CBZ for all cell lines tested, whereas the empty PACAs exerted much lower toxicity. To increase our understanding of the toxic effects of these treatments comprehensive MS-based proteomics were performed with HCT116, MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells incubated with PACA-CBZ variants or free CBZ. Interestingly, PACA-CBZ specifically led to decreased levels of proteins involved in focal adhesion and stress fibers in all cell lines. Since we recently demonstrated that encapsulation of CBZ within PEBCA nanoparticles significantly improved the therapeutic effect of CBZ on a patient derived xenograft model in mice, we investigated the effects of this PACA variant more closely by immunoblotting. Interestingly, we detected several changes in the protein expression and degree of phosphorylation of SRC-pathway proteins that can be relevant for the therapeutic effects of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Øverbye
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Lyngaas Torgersen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Sønstevold
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Geir Iversen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ýrr Mørch
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF AS, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Odeh A, Dronina M, Domankevich V, Shams I, Manov I. Downregulation of the inflammatory network in senescent fibroblasts and aging tissues of the long-lived and cancer-resistant subterranean wild rodent, Spalax. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13045. [PMID: 31605433 PMCID: PMC6974727 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blind mole rat (Spalax) is a wild, long‐lived rodent that has evolved mechanisms to tolerate hypoxia and resist cancer. Previously, we demonstrated high DNA repair capacity and low DNA damage in Spalax fibroblasts following genotoxic stress compared with rats. Since the acquisition of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a consequence of persistent DNA damage, we investigated whether cellular senescence in Spalax is accompanied by an inflammatory response. Spalax fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence (RS) and etoposide‐induced senescence (EIS), evidenced by an increased activity of senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal), growth arrest, and overexpression of p21, p16, and p53 mRNAs. Yet, unlike mouse and human fibroblasts, RS and EIS Spalax cells showed undetectable or decreased expression of the well‐known SASP factors: interleukin‐6 (IL6), IL8, IL1α, growth‐related oncogene alpha (GROα), SerpinB2, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1). Apparently, due to the efficient DNA repair in Spalax, senescent cells did not accumulate the DNA damage necessary for SASP activation. Conversely, Spalax can maintain DNA integrity during replicative or moderate genotoxic stress and limit pro‐inflammatory secretion. However, exposure to the conditioned medium of breast cancer cells MDA‐MB‐231 resulted in an increase in DNA damage, activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) through nuclear translocation, and expression of inflammatory mediators in RS Spalax cells. Evaluation of SASP in aging Spalax brain and intestine confirmed downregulation of inflammatory‐related genes. These findings suggest a natural mechanism for alleviating the inflammatory response during cellular senescence and aging in Spalax, which can prevent age‐related chronic inflammation supporting healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Odeh
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Maria Dronina
- Institute of Evolution University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Vered Domankevich
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Imad Shams
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
- Institute of Evolution University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Irena Manov
- Institute of Evolution University of Haifa Haifa Israel
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