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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071670. [PMID: 35884974 PMCID: PMC9312930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages of the disease. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is of greater importance in the serrated pathway than in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained the most attention due to their potential role in CRC pathogenesis and promising results of clinical trials. Malignant transformation is associated with the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. The harmony between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity and facilitate cancer escape from immune surveillance. Therefore, clarifying the role of underlying cytokine pathways and the effects of their modulation may be an important step to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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Chen L, Tian B, Liu W, Liang H, You Y, Liu W. Molecular Biomarker of Drug Resistance Developed From Patient-Derived Organoids Predicts Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855674. [PMID: 35425715 PMCID: PMC9004628 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is the critical composition of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatments. Prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers for CRC patients (CRCpts) treated with 5-Fu-based chemotherapy can provide assistance for tailoring treatment approach. Here, we established a molecular biomarker of 5-Fu resistance derived from colorectal cancer organoids (CRCOs) for predicting the survival of CRCpts. Forty-one CRCO cultures were generated from 50 CRC tumor tissues after surgery (82%). The following experiments revealed a great diversity in drug sensitivity for 10 μM 5-Fu treatment tested by using organoid size change. Fourteen cases (34.1%) were 5-Fu sensitive and the other 27 (65.9%) were resistant. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with 5-Fu resistance were outputted by transcriptome sequencing. In particular, DEGs were generated in two comparison groups: 1) 5-Fu sensitive and resistant untreated CRCOs; 2) CRCOs before 5-Fu treatment and surviving CRCOs after 5-Fu treatment. Some molecules and most of the pathways that have been reported to be involved in 5-Fu resistance were identified in the current research. By using DEGs correlated with 5-Fu resistance and survival of CRCpts, the gene signature and drug-resistant score model (DRSM) containing five molecules were established in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CRC cohort by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and 5-fold cross-validation. Multivariate analysis revealed that drug-resistant score (DRS) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in CRCpts in TCGA-CRC cohort (P < 0.001). Further validation results from four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts elucidated that the DRSM based on five genes related to 5-Fu chemosensitivity and developed from patient-derived organoids can predict survival of CRCpts. Meanwhile, our model could predict the survival of CRCpts in different subgroups. Besides, the difference of molecular pathways, tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune response-related pathways, immune score, stromal score, and immune cell proportion were dissected between DRS-high and DRS-low patients in TCGA-CRC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Liang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong You
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Wang Y, Lu H, Wang Z, Li Y, Chen X. TGF-β1 Promotes Autophagy and Inhibits Apoptosis in Breast Cancer by Targeting TP63. Front Oncol 2022; 12:865067. [PMID: 35480110 PMCID: PMC9035888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.865067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent female cancer, which has high morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of BC has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that TGF-β1 plays an important role in regulating the balance between autophagy and apoptosis of tumor. We aim to clarify the specific mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer maintaining the tumor microenvironment. Methods The clinical characteristics of 850 BC patients were retrieved from the TCGA database. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) between tumor and normal tissues were obtained by the Wilcox test. Through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the prognostic risk model was constructed and verified by the ROC curve. We used MDC staining, colony formation assay, CCK-8, flow cytometric analysis to confirm the importance of TGF-β1 on the autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, western blot was performed to determine the relative expression of protein. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was utilized to identify the prognostic value of TP63. Results We successfully constructed a prognostic risk model of breast cancer and screened out an autophagy-related prognostic gene -TP63. We predicted that TGF-β1 and TP63 have a binding site in the JASPAR database as expected. Additionally, TGF-β1 promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of TP63. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the molecular mechanism of TGF-β/TP63 signaling in regulating autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer and provided a potential prognostic marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei Province College of Electron and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yueguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou Univesity Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Rutecki S, Książek K. The functional multipotency of transforming growth factor β signaling at the intersection of senescence and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:196. [PMID: 35305149 PMCID: PMC11073081 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of cytokines comprises a group of proteins, their receptors, and effector molecules that, in a coordinated manner, modulate a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological processes. TGF-β1 is the best known and plausibly most active representative of this group. It acts as an immunosuppressant, contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling, and stimulates tissue fibrosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In recent years, this cytokine has been established as a vital regulator of organismal aging and cellular senescence. Finally, the role of TGF-β1 in cancer progression is no longer in question. Because this protein is involved in so many, often overlapping phenomena, the question arises whether it can be considered a molecular bridge linking some of these phenomena together and governing their reciprocal interactions. In this study, we reviewed the literature from the perspective of the role of various TGF-β family members as regulators of a complex mutual interplay between senescence and cancer. These aspects are then considered in a broader context of remaining TGF-β-related functions and coexisting processes. The main narrative axis in this work is centered around the interaction between the senescence of normal peritoneal cells and ovarian cancer cells. The discussion also includes examples of TGF-β activity at the interface of other normal and cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Długa ½ Str, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Rutecki
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Długa ½ Str, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Department of Pathophysiology of Ageing and Civilization Diseases, Długa ½ Str, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-848, Poznań, Poland.
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Lv X, Xu G. Regulatory role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the drug resistance of gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1648-1667. [PMID: 34853641 PMCID: PMC8603464 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, is one of the most prevalent types of malignant carcinoma and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies for GI cancers in recent decades, drug resistance with various mechanisms remains the prevailing cause of therapy failure in GI cancers. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway has crucial, complex roles in many cellular functions related to drug resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the resistance of GI cancers to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and traditional medicine. Various processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell development, tumor microenvironment alteration, and microRNA biogenesis, are proposed as the main mechanisms of TGF-β-mediated drug resistance in GI cancers. Several studies have already indicated the benefit of combining antitumor drugs with agents that suppress the TGF-β signaling pathway, but this approach needs to be verified in additional clinical studies. Moreover, the identification of potential biological markers that can be used to predict the response to TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitors during anticancer treatments will have important clinical implications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Shi X, Luo J, Weigel KJ, Hall SC, Du D, Wu F, Rudolph MC, Zhou H, Young CD, Wang XJ. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Facilitate Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lung Metastasis in Mice by Providing TGFβ-Mediated Cancer Stem Cell Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668164. [PMID: 34527666 PMCID: PMC8435687 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to enhance squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) growth, but it is unclear whether they promote SCC lung metastasis. We generated CAFs from K15.KrasG12D.Smad4-/- mouse SCCs. RNA expression analyses demonstrated that CAFs had enriched transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling compared to normal tissue-associated fibroblasts (NAFs), therefore we assessed how TGFβ-enriched CAFs impact SCC metastasis. We co-injected SCC cells with CAFs to the skin, tail vein, or the lung to mimic sequential steps of lung metastasis. CAFs increased SCC volume only in lung co-transplantations, characterized with increased proliferation and angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis compared to NAF co-transplanted SCCs. These CAF effects were attenuated by a clinically relevant TGFβ receptor inhibitor, suggesting that CAFs facilitated TGFβ-dependent SCC cell seeding and survival in the lung. CAFs also increased tumor volume when co-transplanted to the lung with limiting numbers of SCC cancer stem cells (CSCs). In vitro, CSC sphere formation and invasion were increased either with co-cultured CAFs or with CAF conditioned media (which contains the highest TGFβ1 concentration) and these CAF effects were blocked by TGFβ inhibition. Further, TGFβ activation was higher in primary human oral SCCs with lung metastasis than SCCs without lung metastasis. Similarly, TGFβ activation was detected in the lungs of mice with micrometastasis. Our data suggest that TGFβ-enriched CAFs play a causal role in CSC seeding and expansion in the lung during SCC metastasis, providing a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for SCC lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Weigel
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Spencer C. Hall
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Danfeng Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, United States
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Ji J, Chen L, Zhuang Y, Han Y, Tang W, Xia F. Fibronectin 1 inhibits the apoptosis of human trophoblasts by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1908-1922. [PMID: 33000176 PMCID: PMC7521556 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive apoptosis of human trophoblasts can cause pregnancy-related diseases. It has been reported that fibronectin 1 (FN1) is closely associated with the invasion of human trophoblasts. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of FN1 on the apoptosis of human trophoblasts and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. It was found that FN1, a differentially expressed gene (DEG) in the GSE127170 dataset, was identified as the hub gene in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network generated using the cytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape software. The Metascape website was used to perform GO enrichment analysis, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database was used to perform KEGG pathway analysis. Experimental analyses revealed that FN1 expression was downregulated in the chorionic villus tissues of patients diagnosed with and mice subjected to spontaneous abortion (SA). CCK-8 and flow cytometric assays revealed that the knockdown of FN1 decreased the viability and promoted the apoptosis of JEG-3 and BeWo cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of FN1 promoted the apoptosis of trophoblasts in the chorionic villus tissues obtained from mice subjected to SA, whereas FN1 overexpression increased cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were increased by the silencing of FN1 and decreased by FN1 overexpression. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 were decreased by the silencing of FN1; however, the overexpression of FN1 increased these levels. The results of western blot analysis revealed that the knockdown of FN1 inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, while the overexpression of FN1 activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Consistently, the apoptosis-inhibiting effect of FN1 overexpression was reversed by a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the apoptosis-promoting effect of FN1 silencing was reversed by a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activator. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that the inhibition of FN1 induces the apoptosis of JEG-3 and BeWo cells, and the overexpression of FN1 inhibits cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Ji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhuang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Weichun Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Xie P, Mo JL, Liu JH, Li X, Tan LM, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Pharmacogenomics of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer: review and update. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:989-1001. [PMID: 32474853 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first-line recommended drug for chemotherapy in patients with CRC, and it has a good effect on a variety of other solid tumors as well. Unfortunately, however, due to the emergence of drug resistance the effectiveness of treatment may be greatly reduced. In the past decade, major progress has been made in the field of 5-FU drug resistance in terms of molecular mechanisms, pre-clinical (animal) models and clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS In this article we systematically review and update current knowledge on 5-FU pharmacogenomics related to drug uptake and activation, the expression and activity of target enzymes (DPD, TS and MTHFR) and key signaling pathways in CRC. Furthermore, a summary of drug combination strategies aimed at targeting specific genes and/or pathways to reverse 5-FU resistance is provided. Based on this, we suggest that causal relationships between genes, pathways and drug sensitivity should be systematically considered from a multidimensional perspective. In the design of research methods, emerging technologies such as CRISPR-Cas, TALENS and patient-derived xenograft models should be applied as far as possible to improve the accuracy of clinically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Luan Mo
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 518020, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hong Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 518020, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, 418000, Huaihua, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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Tang Y, Hu M, Xu Y, Chen F, Chen S, Chen M, Qi Y, Shen M, Wang C, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Zeng H, Quan Y, Wang F, Su Y, Zeng D, Wang S, Wang J. Megakaryocytes promote bone formation through coupling osteogenesis with angiogenesis by secreting TGF-β1. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2229-2242. [PMID: 32104505 PMCID: PMC7019172 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The hematopoietic system and skeletal system have a close relationship, and megakaryocytes (MKs) may be involved in maintaining bone homeostasis. However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of MKs in bone formation during steady-state and stress conditions are still unclear. Methods: We first evaluated the bone phenotype with MKs deficiency in bone marrow by using c-Mpl-deficient mice and MKs-conditionally deleted mice. Then, osteoblasts (OBs) proliferation and differentiation and CD31hiEmcnhi tube formation were assessed. The expression of growth factors related to bone formation in MKs was detected by RNA-sequencing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Mice with specific depletion of TGF-β1 in MKs were used to further verify the effect of MKs on osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Finally, MKs treatment of irradiation-induced bone injury was tested in a mouse model. Results: We found that MKs deficiency significantly impaired bone formation. Further investigations revealed that MKs could promote OBs proliferation and differentiation, as well as CD31hiEmcnhi vessels formation, by secreting high levels of TGF-β1. Consistent with these findings, mice with specific depletion of TGF-β1 in MKs displayed significantly decreased bone mass and strength. Importantly, treatment with MKs or thrombopoietin (TPO) substantially attenuated radioactive bone injury in mice by directly or indirectly increasing the level of TGF-β1 in bone marrow. MKs-derived TGF-β1 was also involved in suppressing apoptosis and promoting DNA damage repair in OBs after irradiation exposure. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that MKs contribute to bone formation through coupling osteogenesis with angiogenesis by secreting TGF-β1, which may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of irradiation-induced osteoporosis.
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Intarajak T, Udomchaiprasertkul W, Bunyoo C, Yimnoon J, Soonklang K, Wiriyaukaradecha K, Lamlertthon W, Sricharunrat T, Chaiwiriyawong W, Siriphongpreeda B, Sutheeworapong S, Kusonmano K, Kittichotirat W, Thammarongtham C, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Nookaew I, Auewarakul C, Cheevadhanarak S. Genetic Aberration Analysis in Thai Colorectal Adenoma and Early-Stage Adenocarcinoma Patients by Whole-Exome Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E977. [PMID: 31336886 PMCID: PMC6679221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenomas are precursor lesions of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The transition from adenoma to carcinoma in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been associated with an accumulation of genetic aberrations. However, criteria that can screen adenoma progression to adenocarcinoma are still lacking. This present study is the first attempt to identify genetic aberrations, such as the somatic mutations, copy number variations (CNVs), and high-frequency mutated genes, found in Thai patients. In this study, we identified the genomic abnormality of two sample groups. In the first group, five cases matched normal-colorectal adenoma-colorectal adenocarcinoma. In the second group, six cases matched normal-colorectal adenomas. For both groups, whole-exome sequencing was performed. We compared the genetic aberration of the two sample groups. In both normal tissues compared with colorectal adenoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma analyses, somatic mutations were observed in the tumor suppressor gene APC (Adenomatous polyposis coli) in eight out of ten patients. In the group of normal tissue comparison with colorectal adenoma tissue, somatic mutations were also detected in Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1), Family With Sequence Similarity 123B (FAM123B), F-Box And WD Repeat Domain Containing 7 (FBXW7), Sex-Determining Region Y-Box 9 (SOX9), Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5 (LRP5), Frizzled Class Receptor 10 (FZD10), and AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1A (ARID1A) genes, which are involved in the Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway. In the normal tissue comparison with colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue, Kirsten retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (KRAS), Tumor Protein 53 (TP53), and Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) genes are found in the receptor tyrosine kinase-RAS (RTK-RAS) signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway, respectively. These results suggest that APC and TP53 may act as a potential screening marker for colorectal adenoma and early-stage CRC. This preliminary study may help identify patients with adenoma and early-stage CRC and may aid in establishing prevention and surveillance strategies to reduce the incidence of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoranin Intarajak
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Bioinformatics Unit for Genomic Analysis, Division of Research and International Relations, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Wandee Udomchaiprasertkul
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Laboratory, Division of Research and International Relations, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Bunyoo
- Bioinformatics Unit for Genomic Analysis, Division of Research and International Relations, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Yimnoon
- Cytogenetics Unit, Central Research Laboratory, Division of Research and International Relations, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Data Management Unit, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Kriangpol Wiriyaukaradecha
- Molecular Biology and Genomic Laboratory, Division of Research and International Relations, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Wisut Lamlertthon
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thaniya Sricharunrat
- Pathology Laboratory Unit, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Worawit Chaiwiriyawong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Bunchorn Siriphongpreeda
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Kanthida Kusonmano
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Weerayuth Kittichotirat
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology and School of Information Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Chinae Thammarongtham
- Biochemical Engineering and Systems Biology research group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) at King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Supapon Cheevadhanarak
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
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