1
|
Leonardi L, Sibéril S, Alifano M, Cremer I, Joubert PE. Autophagy Modulation by Viral Infections Influences Tumor Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743780. [PMID: 34745965 PMCID: PMC8569469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative process important for balancing cellular homeostasis at critical times in development and/or in response to nutrient stress. This is particularly relevant in tumor model in which autophagy has been demonstrated to have an important impact on tumor behavior. In one hand, autophagy limits tumor transformation of precancerous cells in early stage, and in the other hand, it favors the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to antitumor therapies in more advanced tumors. This catabolic machinery can be induced by an important variety of extra- and intracellular stimuli. For instance, viral infection has often been associated to autophagic modulation, and the role of autophagy in virus replication differs according to the virus studied. In the context of tumor development, virus-modulated autophagy can have an important impact on tumor cells' fate. Extensive analyses have shed light on the molecular and/or functional complex mechanisms by which virus-modulated autophagy influences precancerous or tumor cell development. This review includes an overview of discoveries describing the repercussions of an autophagy perturbation during viral infections on tumor behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonardi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glioblastoma Therapy: Rationale for a Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Vehicle to Carry Recombinant Viruses. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:523-543. [PMID: 34319509 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evasion of growth suppression is among the prominent hallmarks of cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p53 tumor-suppressive pathways are compromised in most human cancers, including glioblastoma (GB). Hence, these signaling pathways are an ideal point of focus for novel cancer therapeutics. Recombinant viruses can selectivity kill cancer cells and carry therapeutic genes to tumors. Specifically, oncolytic viruses (OV) have been successfully employed for gene delivery in GB animal models and showed potential to neutralize immunosuppression at the tumor site. However, the associated systemic immunogenicity, inefficient transduction of GB cells, and inadequate distribution to metastatic tumors have been the major bottlenecks in clinical studies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with tumor-tropic properties and immune privilege, can improve OVs targeting. Remarkably, combining the two approaches can address their individual issues. Herein, we summarize findings to advocate the reactivation of tumor suppressors p53 and PTEN in GB treatment and use MSCs as a "Trojan horse" to carry oncolytic viral cargo to disseminated tumor beds. The integration of MSCs and OVs can emerge as the new paradigm in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamynina M, Tskhovrebova S, Fares J, Timashev P, Laevskaya A, Ulasov I. Oncolytic Virus-Induced Autophagy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143482. [PMID: 34298694 PMCID: PMC8304501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with an incidence rate of nearly 3.19/100,000. Current therapeutic options fall short in improving the survival of patients with GBM. Various genetic and microenvironmental factors contribute to GBM progression and resistance to therapy. The development of gene therapies using self-replicating oncolytic viruses can advance GBM treatment. Due to GBM heterogeneity, oncolytic viruses have been genetically modified to improve the antiglioma effect in vitro and in vivo. Oncolytic viruses can activate autophagy signaling in GBM upon tumoral infection. Autophagy can be cytoprotective, whereby the GBM cells catabolize damaged organelles to accommodate to virus-induced stress, or cytotoxic, whereby it leads to the destruction of GBM cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that control oncolytic virus-induced autophagic signaling in GBM can fuel further development of novel and more effective genetic vectors. Abstract Autophagy is a catabolic process that allows cells to scavenge damaged organelles and produces energy to maintain cellular homeostasis. It is also an effective defense method for cells, which allows them to identify an internalized pathogen and destroy it through the fusion of the autophagosome and lysosomes. Recent reports have demonstrated that various chemotherapeutic agents and viral gene therapeutic vehicles provide therapeutic advantages for patients with glioblastoma as monotherapy or in combination with standards of care. Despite nonstop efforts to develop effective antiglioma therapeutics, tumor-induced autophagy in some studies manifests tumor resistance and glioma progression. Here, we explore the functional link between autophagy regulation mediated by oncolytic viruses and discuss how intracellular interactions control autophagic signaling in glioblastoma. Autophagy induced by oncolytic viruses plays a dual role in cell death and survival. On the one hand, autophagy stimulation has mostly led to an increase in cytotoxicity mediated by the oncolytic virus, but, on the other hand, autophagy is also activated as a cell defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens and modulates antiviral activity through the induction of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling. Despite the fact that the moment of switch between autophagic prosurvival and prodeath modes remains to be known, in the context of oncolytic virotherapy, cytotoxic autophagy is a crucial mechanism of cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kamynina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (S.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Salome Tskhovrebova
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (S.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Laevskaya
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (S.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.K.); (S.T.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laevskaya A, Borovjagin A, Timashev PS, Lesniak MS, Ulasov I. Metabolome-Driven Regulation of Adenovirus-Induced Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010464. [PMID: 33466472 PMCID: PMC7796492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A viral infection that involves virus invasion, protein synthesis, and virion assembly is typically accompanied by sharp fluctuations in the intracellular levels of metabolites. Under certain conditions, dramatic metabolic shifts can result in various types of cell death. Here, we review different types of adenovirus-induced cell death associated with changes in metabolic profiles of the infected cells. As evidenced by experimental data, in most cases changes in the metabolome precede cell death rather than represent its consequence. In our previous study, the induction of autophagic cell death was observed following adenovirus-mediated lactate production, acetyl-CoA accumulation, and ATP release, while apoptosis was demonstrated to be modulated by alterations in acetate and asparagine metabolism. On the other hand, adenovirus-induced ROS production and ATP depletion were demonstrated to play a significant role in the process of necrotic cell death. Interestingly, the accumulation of ceramide compounds was found to contribute to the induction of all the three types of cell death mentioned above. Eventually, the characterization of metabolite analysis could help in uncovering the molecular mechanism of adenovirus-mediated cell death induction and contribute to the development of efficacious oncolytic adenoviral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Laevskaya
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anton Borovjagin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60601, USA;
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Liu W, Li Z, Wang X, Feng X, Wang Z, Wu J, Zhang H, Wu H, Kong W, Yu B, Yu X. A tropism-transformed Oncolytic Adenovirus with Dual Capsid Modifications for enhanced Glioblastoma Therapy. J Cancer 2020; 11:5713-5726. [PMID: 32913465 PMCID: PMC7477443 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common human brain tumor, is highly invasive and difficult to cure using conventional cancer therapies. As an alternative, adenovirus-mediated virotherapies represent a popular and maturing technology. However, the cell surface coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependent infection mechanism limits the infectivity and oncolytic effects of Adenovirus type 5. To address this limitation, in this study we aimed to develop a novel oncolytic adenovirus for enhanced infectivity and therapeutic efficacy toward glioblastoma. We developed a novel genetically modified oncolytic adenovirus vector with dual capsid modifications to facilitate infection and specific cytotoxicity toward glioma cells. Modification of the adenoviral capsid proteins involved the incorporation of a synthetic leucine zipper-like dimerization domain into the capsid protein IX (pIX) of human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and the exchange of the fiber knob from Ad37. The virus infection mechanism and anti-tumor efficacy of modified vectors were evaluated in both in vitro (cell) and in vivo (mouse) models. Ad37-knob exchange efficiently promoted the virus infection and replication-induced glioma cell lysis by oncolytic Ad5. We also found that gene therapy mediated by the dual-modified oncolytic Ad5 vector coupled with the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) exhibited significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. This genetically modified oncolytic adenovirus provides a promising vector for future use in glioblastoma gene-viral-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenmo Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhe Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xupu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyao Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tazawa H, Hasei J, Yano S, Kagawa S, Ozaki T, Fujiwara T. Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: A New Target for Telomerase-Specific Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020478. [PMID: 32085583 PMCID: PMC7072448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is widely and frequently used as a virus vector in cancer gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel antitumor treatment for inducing lytic cell death in tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Based on the Ad5 genome, we have generated three types of telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses: OBP-301 (Telomelysin), green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing OBP-401 (TelomeScan), and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702. These viruses drive the expression of the adenoviral E1A and E1B genes under the control of the hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase-encoding gene) promoter, providing tumor-specific virus replication. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of three hTERT promoter-driven oncolytic adenoviruses against bone and soft-tissue sarcoma cells with telomerase activity. OBP-301 induces the antitumor effect in monotherapy or combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs via induction of autophagy and apoptosis. OBP-401 enables visualization of sarcoma cells within normal tissues by serving as a tumor-specific labeling reagent for fluorescence-guided surgery via induction of GFP expression. OBP-702 exhibits a profound antitumor effect in OBP-301-resistant sarcoma cells via activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses are promising antitumor reagents that are expected to provide novel therapeutic options for the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tazawa
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7491; Fax: +81-86-235-7492
| | - Joe Hasei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (J.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Shuya Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (J.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.K.); (T.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garza-Morales R, Gonzalez-Ramos R, Chiba A, Montes de Oca-Luna R, McNally LR, McMasters KM, Gomez-Gutierrez JG. Temozolomide Enhances Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Virotherapy In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E144. [PMID: 29772755 PMCID: PMC5977117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, and treatment is limited to chemotherapy and radiation. Oncolytic virotherapy may be a promising approach to treat TNBC. However, oncolytic adenovirus (OAd)-based mono-therapeutic clinical trials have resulted in modest outcomes. The OAd potency could be increased by chemotherapy-induced autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. In this study, the ability of alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ)-induced autophagy to increase OAd replication and oncolysis in TNBC cells was evaluated. Human TNBC MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 cells and mouse 4T1 cells were infected with an OAd expressing the red fluorescent protein mCherry on the virus capsid (OAdmCherry) alone or in combination with TMZ. TNBC cells treated with OAdmCherry/TMZ displayed greater mCherry and adenovirus (Ad) early region 1A (E1A) expression and enhanced cancer-cell killing compared to OAdmCherry or TMZ alone. The combined therapy-mediated cell death was associated with virus replication and accumulation of the autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3)-II. Overall, this study provides experimental evidence of TMZ's ability to increase oncolytic virotherapy in both human and murine TNBC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Garza-Morales
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, NL, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Gonzalez-Ramos
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Akiko Chiba
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, NL, Mexico.
| | - Lacey R McNally
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Jorge G Gomez-Gutierrez
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panek WK, Kane JR, Young JS, Rashidi A, Kim JW, Kanojia D, Lesniak MS. Hitting the nail on the head: combining oncolytic adenovirus-mediated virotherapy and immunomodulation for the treatment of glioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89391-89405. [PMID: 29179527 PMCID: PMC5687697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis and the median survival 14.6 months. Immunomodulatory proteins and oncolytic viruses represent two treatment approaches that have recently been developed for patients with glioblastoma that could extend patient survival and result in better treatment outcomes for patients with this disease. Together, these approaches could potentially augment the treatment efficacy and strength of these anti-tumor therapies. In addition to oncolytic activities, this combinatory approach introduces immunomodulation locally only where cancerous cells are present. This thereby results in the change of the tumor microenvironment from immune-suppressive to immune-vulnerable via activation of cytotoxic T cells or through the removal of glioma cells immune-suppressive capability. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of adenoviral oncolytic therapy, and highlights the genetic modifications that result in more effective and targeted viral agents. Additionally, the mechanism of action of immune-activating agents is described and the results of previous clinical trials utilizing these treatments in other solid tumors are reviewed. The feasibility, synergy, and limitations for treatments that combine these two approaches are outlined and areas for which more work is needed are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Julius W Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tazawa H, Kuroda S, Hasei J, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T. Impact of Autophagy in Oncolytic Adenoviral Therapy for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071479. [PMID: 28698504 PMCID: PMC5535969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy for inducing tumor-specific cell death. Adenoviruses are widely and frequently used in oncolytic virotherapy. The mechanism of oncolytic adenovirus-mediated tumor suppression involves virus-induced activation of the autophagic machinery in tumor cells. Autophagy is a cytoprotective process that produces energy via lysosomal degradation of intracellular components as a physiologic response to various stresses, including hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and disruption of growth signaling. However, infection with oncolytic adenoviruses induces autophagy and subsequent death of tumor cells rather than enhancing their survival. In this review, we summarize the beneficial role of autophagy in oncolytic adenoviral therapy, including the roles of infection, replication, and cell lysis. Numerous factors are involved in the promotion and inhibition of oncolytic adenovirus-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, recent evidence has shown that oncolytic adenoviruses induce autophagy-related immunogenic cell death (ICD), which enhances the antitumor immune response by inducing the activation of danger signal molecules and thus represents a novel cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the precise role of oncolytic adenovirus-induced autophagy and ICD could enhance the therapeutic potential of oncolytic adenoviral therapy for treating various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tazawa
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Joe Hasei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim JW, Auffinger B, Spencer DA, Miska J, Chang AL, Kane JR, Young JS, Kanojia D, Qiao J, Mann JF, Zhang L, Wu M, Ahmed AU, Aboody KS, Strong TV, Hébert CD, Lesniak MS. Single dose GLP toxicity and biodistribution study of a conditionally replicative adenovirus vector, CRAd-S-pk7, administered by intracerebral injection to Syrian hamsters. J Transl Med 2016; 14:134. [PMID: 27184224 PMCID: PMC4868110 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CRAd-S-pk7 is a conditionally replicative oncolytic adenoviral vector that contains a survivin promoter and a pk7 fiber modification that confer tumor-specific transcriptional targeting and preferential replication in glioma while sparing the surrounding normal brain parenchyma. Methods This IND-enabling study performed under GLP conditions evaluated the toxicity and biodistribution of CRAd-S-pk7 administered as a single intracerebral dose to Syrian hamsters, a permissive model of adenoviral replication. Two hundred and forty animals were stereotactically administered either vehicle (n = 60) or CRAd-S-pk7 at 2.5 × 107, 2.5 × 108, or 2.5 × 109 viral particles (vp)/animal (each n = 60) on day 1. The animals were closely monitored for toxicology evaluation, assessment of viral distribution, and immunogenicity of CRAd-S-pk7. Results Changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, and coagulation parameters were minor and transient, and consistent with the inflammatory changes observed microscopically. These changes were considered to be of little toxicological significance. The vector remained localized primarily in the brain and to some degree in the tissues at the incision site. Low levels of vector DNA were detected in other tissues in a few animals suggesting systemic circulation of the virus. Viral DNA was detected in brains of hamsters for up to 62 days. However, microscopic changes and virus-related toxicity to the central nervous system were considered minor and decreased in incidence and severity over time. Such changes are not uncommon in studies using adenoviral vectors. Conclusion This study provides safety and toxicology data justifying a clinical trial of CRAd-S-pk7 loaded in FDA-approved HB1.F3.CD neural stem cell carriers administered at the tumor resection bed in humans with recurrent malignant glioma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0895-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Woongki Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brenda Auffinger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Drew A Spencer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alan L Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jill F Mann
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Meijing Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ulasov IV, Shah N, Kaverina NV, Lee H, Lin B, Lieber A, Kadagidze ZG, Yoon JG, Schroeder B, Hothi P, Ghosh D, Baryshnikov AY, Cobbs CS. Tamoxifen improves cytopathic effect of oncolytic adenovirus in primary glioblastoma cells mediated through autophagy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3977-87. [PMID: 25738357 PMCID: PMC4414167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic gene therapy using viral vectors may provide an attractive therapeutic option for malignant gliomas. These viral vectors are designed in a way to selectively target tumor cells and spare healthy cells. To determine the translational impact, it is imperative to assess the factors that interfere with the anti-glioma effects of the oncolytic adenoviral vectors. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of survivin-driven oncolytic adenoviruses pseudotyping with adenoviral fiber knob belonging to the adenoviral serotype 3, 11 and 35 in their ability to kill glioblastoma (GBM) cells selectively without affecting normal cells. Our results indicate that all recombinant vectors used in the study can effectively target GBM in vitro with high specificity, especially the 3 knob-modified vector. Using intracranial U87 and U251 GBM xenograft models we have also demonstrated that treatment with Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus (CRAd-S-5/3) vectors can effectively regress tumor. However, in several patient-derived GBM cell lines, cells exhibited resistance to the CRAd infection as evident from the diminishing effects of autophagy. To improve therapeutic response, tumor cells were pretreated with tamoxifen. Our preliminary data suggest that tamoxifen sensitizes glioblastoma cells towards oncolytic treatment with CRAd-S-5/3, which may prove useful for GBM in future experimental therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.,Institute of Experimental Diagnostic and Biotherapy, NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - Nameeta Shah
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Natalya V Kaverina
- NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, Russia, 115478.,Current address: Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, USA
| | - Hwahyang Lee
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Andre Lieber
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | | | - Jae-Guen Yoon
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vera B, Martínez-Vélez N, Xipell E, Acanda de la Rocha A, Patiño-García A, Saez-Castresana J, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Cascallo M, Alemany R, Alonso MM. Characterization of the Antiglioma Effect of the Oncolytic Adenovirus VCN-01. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147211. [PMID: 26808201 PMCID: PMC4726573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in the development of antitumor therapies, the prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas remains dismal. Therapy with tumor-selective viruses is emerging as a treatment option for this devastating disease. In this study we characterize the anti-glioma effect of VCN-01, an improved hyaluronidase-armed pRB-pathway-selective oncolytic adenovirus that has proven safe and effective in the treatment of several solid tumors. VCN-01 displayed a significant cytotoxic effect on glioma cells in vitro. In vivo, in two different orthotopic glioma models, a single intra-tumoral administration of VCN-01 increased overall survival significantly and led to long-term survivors free of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vera
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Dpt of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Naiara Martínez-Vélez
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Dpt of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Enric Xipell
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Dpt of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Arlet Acanda de la Rocha
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Dpt of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Ana Patiño-García
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Dpt of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Javier Saez-Castresana
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Brain Tumor Biology Unit, University of Navarra School of Sciences, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Dpt of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Manel Cascallo
- VCN Biosciences, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08174 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Alemany
- Translational Research Laboratory, IDIBELL-Institut Catalá d’Oncologia, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta M. Alonso
- Navarra’s Health Research Institute (IDISNA) Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Dpt of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen X, Duan N, Zhang C, Zhang W. Survivin and Tumorigenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. J Cancer 2016; 7:314-23. [PMID: 26918045 PMCID: PMC4747886 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which has key roles in regulating cell division and inhibiting apoptosis by blocking caspase activation. Survivin is highly expressed in most human cancers, such as lung, pancreatic and breast cancers, relative to normal tissues. Aberrant survivin expression is associated with tumor cell proliferation, progression, angiogenesis, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. Studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms indicate that survivin is involved in the regulation of cytokinesis and cell cycle progression, as well as participates in a variety of signaling pathways such as the p53, Wnt, hypoxia, transforming growth factor, and Notch signaling pathways. In this review, recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of survivin is discussed. Therapeutic strategies targeting survivin in preclinical studies are also briefly summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- 1. Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Ning Duan
- 1. Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Caiguo Zhang
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045
| | - Wentao Zhang
- 1. Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Nitz J, Sharma R, Wechman SL, Riedinger E, Martinez-Jaramillo E, Sam Zhou H, McMasters KM. Combined therapy of oncolytic adenovirus and temozolomide enhances lung cancer virotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Virology 2015; 487:249-59. [PMID: 26561948 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are very promising for the treatment of lung cancer. However, OAd-based monotherapeutics have not been effective during clinical trials. Therefore, the effectiveness of virotherapy must be enhanced by combining OAds with other therapies. In this study, the therapeutic potential of OAd in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) was evaluated in lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The combination of OAd and TMZ therapy synergistically enhanced cancer cell death; this enhanced cancer cell death may be explained via three related mechanisms: apoptosis, virus replication, and autophagy. Autophagy inhibition partially protected cancer cells from this combined therapy. This combination significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous H441 lung cancer xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice. In this study, we have provided an experimental rationale to test OAds in combination with TMZ in a lung cancer clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Gomez-Gutierrez
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Jonathan Nitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Eric Riedinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Heshan Sam Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly progressing brain tumor. Despite the relatively low percentage of cancer patients with glioma diagnoses, recent statistics indicate that the number of glioma patients may have increased over the past decade. Current therapeutic options for glioma patients include tumor resection, chemotherapy, and concomitant radiation therapy with an average survival of approximately 16 months. The rapid progression of gliomas has spurred the development of novel treatment options, such as cancer gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy. Preclinical testing of oncolytic adenoviruses using glioma models revealed both positive and negative sides of the virotherapy approach. Here we present a detailed overview of the glioma virotherapy field and discuss auxiliary therapeutic strategies with the potential for augmenting clinical efficacy of GBM virotherapy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I.V. Ulasov
- Swedish Medical Center, Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, 550 17th Avenue, James Tower, Suite 570, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
- Institute of Experimental Diagnostic and Biotherapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center (RONC), Moscow 115478, Russia
- Corresponding author. Ben & Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 550 17th Avenue, James Tower, Suite 570, Seattle, WA 98122, USA. Tel.: +1 206 991 2053; fax: +1 206 834 2608.
| | - A.V. Borovjagin
- Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, 1919 7th Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - B.A. Schroeder
- Michigan State University College of Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - A.Y. Baryshnikov
- Institute of Experimental Diagnostic and Biotherapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center (RONC), Moscow 115478, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
N-acetylcysteine amide augments the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell-based antiglioma oncolytic virotherapy. Mol Ther 2013; 21:2063-73. [PMID: 23883863 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research has evaluated the intrinsic tumor-tropic properties of stem cell carriers for targeted anticancer therapy. Our laboratory has been extensively studying in the preclinical setting, the role of neural stem cells (NSCs) as delivery vehicles of CRAd-S-pk7, a gliomatropic oncolytic adenovirus (OV). However, the mediated toxicity of therapeutic payloads, such as oncolytic adenoviruses, toward cell carriers has significantly limited this targeted delivery approach. Following this rationale, in this study, we assessed the role of a novel antioxidant thiol, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), to prevent OV-mediated toxicity toward NSC carriers in an orthotropic glioma xenograft mouse model. Our results show that the combination of NACA and CRAd-S-pk7 not only increases the viability of these cell carriers by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis of NSCs, but also improves the production of viral progeny in HB1.F3.CD NSCs. In an intracranial xenograft mouse model, the combination treatment of NACA and NSCs loaded with CRAd-S-pk7 showed enhanced CRAd-S-pk7 production and distribution in malignant tissues, which improves the therapeutic efficacy of NSC-based targeted antiglioma oncolytic virotherapy. These data demonstrate that the combination of NACA and NSCs loaded with CRAd-S-pk7 may be a desirable strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of antiglioma oncolytic virotherapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Current status of gene therapy for brain tumors. Transl Res 2013; 161:339-54. [PMID: 23246627 PMCID: PMC3733107 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadliest primary brain tumor in adults, with current treatments having limited impact on disease progression. Therefore the development of alternative treatment options is greatly needed. Gene therapy is a treatment strategy that relies on the delivery of genetic material, usually transgenes or viruses, into cells for therapeutic purposes, and has been applied to GBM with increasing promise. We have included selectively replication-competent oncolytic viruses within this strategy, although the virus acts directly as a complex biologic anti-tumor agent rather than as a classic gene delivery vehicle. GBM is a good candidate for gene therapy because tumors remain locally within the brain and only rarely metastasize to other tissues; the majority of cells in the brain are post-mitotic, which allows for specific targeting of dividing tumor cells; and tumors can often be accessed neurosurgically for administration of therapy. Delivery vehicles used for brain tumors include nonreplicating viral vectors, normal adult stem/progenitor cells, and oncolytic viruses. The therapeutic transgenes or viruses are typically cytotoxic or express prodrug activating suicide genes to kill glioma cells, immunostimulatory to induce or amplify anti-tumor immune responses, and/or modify the tumor microenvironment such as blocking angiogenesis. This review describes current preclinical and clinical gene therapy strategies for the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
|
18
|
Castro MG, Candolfi M, Kroeger K, King GD, Curtin JF, Yagiz K, Mineharu Y, Assi H, Wibowo M, Ghulam Muhammad AKM, Foulad D, Puntel M, Lowenstein PR. Gene therapy and targeted toxins for glioma. Curr Gene Ther 2011; 11:155-80. [PMID: 21453286 DOI: 10.2174/156652311795684722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most common primary brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma. These tumors are highly invasive and aggressive with a mean survival time of 15-18 months from diagnosis to death. Current treatment modalities are unable to significantly prolong survival in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. As such, glioma is an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic approaches utilizing gene therapy. This review will examine the available preclinical models for glioma including xenographs, syngeneic and genetic models. Several promising therapeutic targets are currently being pursued in pre-clinical investigations. These targets will be reviewed by mechanism of action, i.e., conditional cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses, tumor suppressors/oncogenes, and immune stimulatory approaches. Preclinical gene therapy paradigms aim to determine which strategies will provide rapid tumor regression and long-term protection from recurrence. While a wide range of potential targets are being investigated preclinically, only the most efficacious are further transitioned into clinical trial paradigms. Clinical trials reported to date are summarized including results from conditionally cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses and oncogene targeting approaches. Clinical trial results have not been as robust as preclinical models predicted; this could be due to the limitations of the GBM models employed. Once this is addressed, and we develop effective gene therapies in models that better replicate the clinical scenario, gene therapy will provide a powerful approach to treat and manage brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Niu TK, Cheng Y, Ren X, Yang JM. Interaction of Beclin 1 with survivin regulates sensitivity of human glioma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:3519-24. [PMID: 20638385 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We reported a novel interaction between Beclin 1, a key regulator of autophagy, and survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. We found that knock-down of Beclin 1 down-regulated survivin protein, and the turnover rate of survivin was increased when Beclin 1 expression was silenced. Knock-down of Beclin 1 sensitized glioma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and introduction of survivin antagonized the sensitizing effect, suggesting that down-regulation of survivin mediates the enhanced sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate a novel interaction between Beclin 1 and survivin, and may provide a potential mechanism underlying the cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmed AU, Rolle CE, Tyler MA, Han Y, Sengupta S, Wainwright DA, Balyasnikova IV, Ulasov IV, Lesniak MS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells loaded with an oncolytic adenovirus suppress the anti-adenoviral immune response in the cotton rat model. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1846-56. [PMID: 20588259 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviral virotherapy is an attractive treatment modality for cancer. However, following intratumoral injections, oncolytic viruses fail to efficiently migrate away from the injection site and are rapidly cleared by the immune system. We have previously demonstrated enhanced viral delivery and replicative persistence in vivo using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as delivery vehicles. In this study, we evaluated the immune response to adenovirus (Ad)-loaded MSCs using the semipermissive cotton rat (CR) model. First, we isolated MSCs from CR bone marrow aspirates. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that CR MSCs supported the replication of Ads in vitro. Moreover, we observed similar levels of suppression of T-cell proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation, by MSCs alone and virus-loaded MSCs. Additionally, we found that MSCs suppressed the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by activated T cells. In our in vivo model, CR MSCs enhanced the dissemination and persistence of Ad, compared to virus injection alone. Collectively, our data suggest that the use of MSCs as a delivery strategy for oncolytic Ad potentially offers a myriad of benefits, including improved delivery, enhanced dissemination, and increased persistence of viruses via suppression of the antiviral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atique U Ahmed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|