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Wang Y, Eng DG, Kaverina NV, Loretz CJ, Koirala A, Akilesh S, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Global transcriptomic changes occur in aged mouse podocytes. Kidney Int 2020; 98:1160-1173. [PMID: 32592814 PMCID: PMC7606654 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular podocytes undergo structural and functional changes with advanced age, that increase susceptibility of aging kidneys to worse outcomes following superimposed glomerular diseases. To delineate transcriptional changes in podocytes in aged mice, RNA-seq was performed on isolated populations of reporter-labeled (tdTomato) podocytes from multiple young (two to three months) and advanced aged mice (22 to 24 months, equivalent to 70 plus year old humans). Of the 2,494 differentially expressed genes, 1,219 were higher and 1,275 were lower in aged podocytes. Pathway enrichment showed that major biological processes increased in aged podocytes included immune responses, non-coding RNA metabolism, gene silencing and MAP kinase signaling. Conversely, aged podocytes showed downregulation of developmental, morphogenesis and metabolic processes. Canonical podocyte marker gene expression decreased in aged podocytes, with increases in apoptotic and senescence genes providing a mechanism for the progressive loss of podocytes seen with aging. In addition, we revealed aberrations in the podocyte autocrine signaling network, identified the top transcription factors perturbed in aged podocytes, and uncovered candidate gene modulations that might promote healthy aging in podocytes. The transcriptional signature of aging is distinct from other kidney diseases. Thus, our study provides insights into biomarker discovery and molecular targeting of the aging process itself within podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Natalya V Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carol J Loretz
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abbal Koirala
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Miner JH, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Parietal epithelial cell differentiation to a podocyte fate in the aged mouse kidney. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17601-17624. [PMID: 32858527 PMCID: PMC7521511 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is typified by a progressive and absolute loss of podocytes over the lifespan of animals and humans. To test the hypothesis that a subset of glomerular parietal epithelial cell (PEC) progenitors transition to a podocyte fate with aging, dual reporter PEC-rtTA|LC1|tdTomato|Nphs1-FLPo|FRT-EGFP mice were generated. PECs were inducibly labeled with a tdTomato reporter, and podocytes were constitutively labeled with an EGFP reporter. With advancing age (14 and 24 months) glomeruli in the juxta-medullary cortex (JMC) were more severely injured than those in the outer cortex (OC). In aged mice (24m), injured glomeruli with lower podocyte number (41% decrease), showed more PEC migration and differentiation to a podocyte fate than mildly injured or healthy glomeruli. PECs differentiated to a podocyte fate had ultrastructural features of podocytes and co-expressed the podocyte markers podocin, nephrin, p57 and VEGF164, but not markers of mesangial (Perlecan) or endothelial (ERG) cells. PECs differentiated to a podocyte fate did not express CD44, a marker of PEC activation. Taken together, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of PECs differentiate to a podocyte fate predominantly in injured glomeruli in mice of advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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3
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Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Freedman BS, Kutz JN, Chozinski TJ, Vaughan JC, Miner JH, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Dual lineage tracing shows that glomerular parietal epithelial cells can transdifferentiate toward the adult podocyte fate. Kidney Int 2019; 96:597-611. [PMID: 31200942 PMCID: PMC7008116 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are differentiated post-mitotic cells that cannot replace themselves after injury. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are proposed to be podocyte progenitors. To test whether a subset of parietal epithelial cells transdifferentiate to a podocyte fate, dual reporter PEC-rtTA|LC1|tdTomato|Nphs1-FLPo|FRT-EGFP mice, named PEC-PODO, were generated. Doxycycline administration permanently labeled parietal epithelial cells with tdTomato reporter (red), and upon doxycycline removal, the parietal epithelial cells (PECs) cannot label further. Despite the presence or absence of doxycycline, podocytes cannot label with tdTomato, but are constitutively labeled with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter (green). Only activation of the Nphs1-FLPo transgene by labeled parietal epithelial cells can generate a yellow color. At day 28 of experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, podocyte density was 20% lower in 20% of glomeruli. At day 56 of experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, podocyte density was 18% lower in 17% of glomeruli. TdTomato+ parietal epithelial cells were restricted to Bowman's capsule in healthy mice. However, by days 28 and 56 of experimental disease, two-thirds of tdTomato+ parietal epithelial cells within glomerular tufts were yellow in color. These cells co-expressed the podocyte markers podocin, nephrin, p57 and VEGF164, but not markers of endothelial (ERG) or mesangial (Perlecan) cells. Expansion microscopy showed primary, secondary and minor processes in tdTomato+EGFP+ cells in glomerular tufts. Thus, our studies provide strong evidence that parietal epithelial cells serve as a source of new podocytes in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - J Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tyler J Chozinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua C Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Hamatani H, Eng DG, Kaverina NV, Gross KW, Freedman BS, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Lineage tracing aged mouse kidneys shows lower number of cells of renin lineage and reduced responsiveness to RAAS inhibition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F97-F109. [PMID: 29412700 PMCID: PMC6087792 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00570.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) remains a mainstay of therapy in hypertension and glomerular diseases. With the population aging, our understanding of renin-producing cells in kidneys with advanced age is more critical than ever. Accordingly, we administered tamoxifen to Ren1cCreERxRs-tdTomato-R mice to permanently fate map cells of renin lineage (CoRL). The number of Td-tomato-labeled CoRL decreased significantly in aged mice (24 mo of age) compared with young mice (3.5 mo of age), as did renin mRNA levels. To determine whether aged CoRL responded less to RAAS blockade, enalapril and losartan were administered over 25 days following uninephrectomy in young and aged mice. The number of CoRL increased in young mice in response to enalapril and losartan. However, this was significantly lower in aged mice compared with young mice due to limited proliferation, but not recruitment. Gene expression analysis of laser-captured CoRL showed a substantial increase in mRNA levels for proapoptotic and prosenescence genes, and an increase in a major prosenescence protein on immunostaining. These results show that CoRL are lower in aged mice and do not respond to RAAS inhibition to the same extent as young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hamatani
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Natalya V Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington
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Ulasov IV, Kaverina NV, Ghosh D, Baryshnikova MA, Kadagidze ZG, Karseladze AI, Baryshnikov AY, Cobbs CS. CMV70-3P miRNA contributes to the CMV mediated glioma stemness and represents a target for glioma experimental therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25989-25999. [PMID: 27517625 PMCID: PMC5432232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly progressive brain tumor with a median survival of 15–19 months. Therapeutic resistance and recurrence of the disease is attributed to cancer stem cells (CSC). Here, we report that CMV70-3P miRNA encoded by CMV increases GBM CSC stemness. Inhibition of CMV70-3P expression using oligo inhibitors significantly attenuated the ability of primary glioma cells to proliferate and form neurospheres. At the molecular level, we show that CM70-3P increases expression of cellular SOX2. Collectively, these findings indicate that CMV70-3P is a potential regulator of CMV- mediated glioma progression and cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.,Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Natalya V Kaverina
- NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,Current employment: Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, WA, USA
| | - Dhimankrishna Ghosh
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Marya A Baryshnikova
- Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | | | | | - Anatoly Y Baryshnikov
- Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Charles S Cobbs
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
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Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Largent AD, Daehn I, Chang A, Gross KW, Pippin JW, Hohenstein P, Shankland SJ. WT1 Is Necessary for the Proliferation and Migration of Cells of Renin Lineage Following Kidney Podocyte Depletion. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1152-1166. [PMID: 28966119 PMCID: PMC5639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) plays an important role in cell proliferation and mesenchymal-epithelial balance in normal development and disease. Here, we show that following podocyte depletion in three experimental models, and in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and membranous nephropathy, WT1 increased significantly in cells of renin lineage (CoRL). In an animal model of FSGS in RenWt1fl/fl reporter mice with inducible deletion of WT1 in CoRL, CoRL proliferation and migration to the glomerulus was reduced, and glomerular disease was worse compared with wild-type mice. To become podocytes, CoRL undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation (MET), typified by reduced staining for mesenchymal markers (MYH11, SM22, αSMA) and de novo expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and cytokeratin18). Evidence for changes in MET markers was barely detected in RenWt1fl/fl mice. Our results show that following podocyte depletion, WT1 plays essential roles in CoRL proliferation and migration toward an adult podocyte fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrea D Largent
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ilse Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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7
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Kaverina NV, Kadoya H, Eng DG, Rusiniak ME, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA, Pippin JW, Gross KW, Peti-Peterdi J, Shankland SJ. Tracking the stochastic fate of cells of the renin lineage after podocyte depletion using multicolor reporters and intravital imaging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173891. [PMID: 28329012 PMCID: PMC5362207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte depletion plays a major role in focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). Because cells of the renin lineage (CoRL) serve as adult podocyte and parietal epithelial cell (PEC) progenitor candidates, we generated Ren1cCre/R26R-ConfettiTG/WT and Ren1dCre/R26R-ConfettiTG/WT mice to determine CoRL clonality during podocyte replacement. Four CoRL reporters (GFP, YFP, RFP, CFP) were restricted to cells in the juxtaglomerular compartment (JGC) at baseline. Following abrupt podocyte depletion in experimental FSGS, all four CoRL reporters were detected in a subset of glomeruli at day 28, where they co-expressed de novo four podocyte proteins (podocin, nephrin, WT-1 and p57) and two glomerular parietal epithelial cell (PEC) proteins (claudin-1, PAX8). To monitor the precise migration of a subset of CoRL over a 2w period following podocyte depletion, intravital multiphoton microscopy was used. Our findings demonstrate direct visual support for the migration of single CoRL from the JGC to the parietal Bowman's capsule, early proximal tubule, mesangium and glomerular tuft. In summary, these results suggest that following podocyte depletion, multi-clonal CoRL migrate to the glomerulus and replace podocyte and PECs in experimental FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Kaverina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJS); (JPP)
| | - Stuart J. Shankland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJS); (JPP)
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Roeder SS, Barnes TJ, Lee JS, Kato I, Eng DG, Kaverina NV, Sunseri MW, Daniel C, Amann K, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Activated ERK1/2 increases CD44 in glomerular parietal epithelial cells leading to matrix expansion. Kidney Int 2016; 91:896-913. [PMID: 27998643 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein CD44 is barely detected in normal mouse and human glomeruli, but is increased in glomerular parietal epithelial cells following podocyte injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). To determine the biological role and regulation of CD44 in these cells, we employed an in vivo and in vitro approach. Experimental FSGS was induced in CD44 knockout and wild-type mice with a cytotoxic podocyte antibody. Albuminuria, focal and global glomerulosclerosis (periodic acid-Schiff stain), and collagen IV staining were lower in CD44 knockout compared with wild-type mice with FSGS. Parietal epithelial cells had lower migration from Bowman's capsule to the glomerular tuft in CD44 knockout mice with disease compared with wild type mice. In cultured murine parietal epithelial cells, overexpressing CD44 with a retroviral vector encoding CD44 was accompanied by significantly increased collagen IV expression and parietal epithelial cell migration. Because our results showed de novo co-staining for activated ERK1/2 (pERK) in parietal epithelial cells in experimental FSGS, and also in biopsies from patients with FSGS, two in vitro strategies were employed to prove that pERK regulated CD44 levels. First, mouse parietal epithelial cells were infected with a retroviral vector for the upstream kinase MEK-DD to increase pERK, which was accompanied by increased CD44 levels. Second, in CD44-overexpressing parietal epithelial cells, decreasing pERK with U0126 was accompanied by reduced CD44. Finally, parietal epithelial cell migration was higher in cells with increased and reduced in cells with decreased pERK. Thus, pERK is a regulator of CD44 expression, and increased CD44 expression leads to a pro-sclerotic and migratory parietal epithelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian S Roeder
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Taylor J Barnes
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jonathan S Lee
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - India Kato
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Natalya V Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria W Sunseri
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Lichtnekert J, Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Gross KW, Kutz JN, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibition Increases Podocyte Derivation from Cells of Renin Lineage. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3611-3627. [PMID: 27080979 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because adult podocytes cannot proliferate and are therefore unable to self-renew, replacement of these cells depends on stem/progenitor cells. Although podocyte number is higher after renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition in glomerular diseases, the events explaining this increase are unclear. Cells of renin lineage (CoRL) have marked plasticity, including the ability to acquire a podocyte phenotype. To test the hypothesis that RAAS inhibition partially replenishes adult podocytes by increasing CoRL number, migration, and/or transdifferentiation, we administered tamoxifen to Ren1cCreERxRs-tdTomato-R CoRL reporter mice to induce permanent labeling of CoRL with red fluorescent protein variant tdTomato. We then induced experimental FSGS, typified by abrupt podocyte depletion, with a cytopathic antipodocyte antibody. RAAS inhibition by enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) or losartan (angiotensin-receptor blocker) in FSGS mice stimulated the proliferation of CoRL, increasing the reservoir of these cells in the juxtaglomerular compartment (JGC). Compared with water or hydralazine, RAAS inhibition significantly increased the migration of CoRL from the JGC to the intraglomerular compartment (IGC), with more glomeruli containing RFP+CoRL and, within these glomeruli, more RFP+CoRL. Moreover, RAAS inhibition in FSGS mice increased RFP+CoRL transdifferentiation in the IGC to phenotypes, consistent with those of podocytes (coexpression of synaptopodin and Wilms tumor protein), parietal epithelial cells (PAX 8), and mesangial cells (α8 integrin). These results show that in the context of podocyte depletion in FSGS, RAAS inhibition augments CoRL proliferation and plasticity toward three different glomerular cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - J Nathan Kutz
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
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10
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Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Schneider RRS, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Partial podocyte replenishment in experimental FSGS derives from nonpodocyte sources. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1397-413. [PMID: 27076646 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00369.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current studies used genetic fate mapping to prove that adult podocytes can be partially replenished following depletion. Inducible NPHS2-rtTA/tetO-Cre/RS-ZsGreen-R reporter mice were generated to permanently label podocytes with the ZsGreen reporter. Experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was induced with a cytotoxic podocyte antibody. On FSGS day 7, immunostaining for the podocyte markers p57, synaptopodin, and podocin were markedly decreased by 44%, and this was accompanied by a decrease in ZsGreen fluorescence. The nuclear stain DAPI was absent in segments of reduced ZsGreen and podocyte marker staining, which is consistent with podocyte depletion. Staining for p57, synaptopodin, podocin, and DAPI increased at FSGS day 28 and was augmented by the ACE inhibitor enalapril, which is consistent with a partial replenishment of podocytes. In contrast, ZsGreen fluorescence did not return and remained significantly low at day 28, indicating replenishment was from a nonpodocyte origin. Despite administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) thrice weekly throughout the course of disease, BrdU staining was not detected in podocytes, which is consistent with an absence of proliferation. Although ZsGreen reporting was reduced in the tuft at FSGS day 28, labeled podocytes were detected along the Bowman's capsule in a subset of glomeruli, which is consistent with migration from the tuft. Moreover, more than half of the migrated podocytes coexpressed the parietal epithelial cell (PEC) proteins claudin-1, SSeCKS, and PAX8. These results show that although podocytes can be partially replenished following abrupt depletion, a process augmented by ACE inhibition, the source or sources are nonpodocyte in origin and are independent of proliferation. Furthermore, a subset of podocytes migrate to the Bowman's capsule and begin to coexpress PEC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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11
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Ulasov IV, Shah N, Kaverina NV, Lee H, Lin B, Lieber A, Kadagidze ZG, Yoon JG, Schroeder B, Hothi P, Ghosh D, Baryshnikov AY, Cobbs CS. Tamoxifen improves cytopathic effect of oncolytic adenovirus in primary glioblastoma cells mediated through autophagy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3977-87. [PMID: 25738357 PMCID: PMC4414167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic gene therapy using viral vectors may provide an attractive therapeutic option for malignant gliomas. These viral vectors are designed in a way to selectively target tumor cells and spare healthy cells. To determine the translational impact, it is imperative to assess the factors that interfere with the anti-glioma effects of the oncolytic adenoviral vectors. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of survivin-driven oncolytic adenoviruses pseudotyping with adenoviral fiber knob belonging to the adenoviral serotype 3, 11 and 35 in their ability to kill glioblastoma (GBM) cells selectively without affecting normal cells. Our results indicate that all recombinant vectors used in the study can effectively target GBM in vitro with high specificity, especially the 3 knob-modified vector. Using intracranial U87 and U251 GBM xenograft models we have also demonstrated that treatment with Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus (CRAd-S-5/3) vectors can effectively regress tumor. However, in several patient-derived GBM cell lines, cells exhibited resistance to the CRAd infection as evident from the diminishing effects of autophagy. To improve therapeutic response, tumor cells were pretreated with tamoxifen. Our preliminary data suggest that tamoxifen sensitizes glioblastoma cells towards oncolytic treatment with CRAd-S-5/3, which may prove useful for GBM in future experimental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.,Institute of Experimental Diagnostic and Biotherapy, NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - Nameeta Shah
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Natalya V Kaverina
- NN. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, RAMN, Moscow, Russia, 115478.,Current address: Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, USA
| | - Hwahyang Lee
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Andre Lieber
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | | | - Jae-Guen Yoon
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
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Pippin JW, Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Krofft RD, Glenn ST, Duffield JS, Gross KW, Shankland SJ. Cells of renin lineage are adult pluripotent progenitors in experimental glomerular disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F341-58. [PMID: 26062877 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00438.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified vascular smooth muscle cells of the kidney afferent arterioles have recently been shown to serve as progenitors for glomerular epithelial cells in response to glomerular injury. To determine whether such cells of renin lineage (CoRL) serve as progenitors for other cells in kidney disease characterized by both glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, permanent genetic cell fate mapping of adult CoRL using Ren1cCreER × Rs-tdTomato-R reporter mice was performed. TdTomato-labeled CoRL were almost completely restricted to the juxtaglomerular compartment in healthy kidneys. Following 2 wk of antibody-mediated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or 16 wk of ⅚ nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney diseases, tdTomato-mapped CoRL were identified in both interstitial and glomerular compartments. In the interstitium, PDGFβ receptor (R)-expressing cells significantly increased, and a portion of these expressed tdTomato. This was accompanied by a decrease in native pericyte number, but an increase in the number of tdTomato cells that coexpressed the pericyte markers PDGFβ-R and NG2. These cells surrounded vessels and coexpressed the pericyte markers CD73 and CD146, but not the endothelial marker ERG. Within glomeruli of reporter mice with the ⅚ nephrectomy model, a subset of labeled CoRL migrated to the glomerular tuft and coexpressed podocin and synaptopodin. By contrast, labeled CoRL were not detected in glomerular or interstitial compartments following uninephrectomy. These observations indicate that in addition to supplying new adult podocytes to glomeruli, CoRL have the capacity to become new adult pericytes in the setting of interstitial disease. We conclude that CoRL have the potential to function as progenitors for multiple adult cell types in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
| | | | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ronald D Krofft
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sean T Glenn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; and
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Biogen IDEC, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; and
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Ulasov IV, Kaverina NV, Yoon JG, Lee H, Sarvaiya P, Malin D, Cryns VL, Welch DR, Cobbs CK. Abstract LB-191: Astrocytes promote colonization of human brain with breast cancer cells via inhibition of KISS1 expression. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-lb-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: KISS1 metastatic suppressor is a negative regulator of tumor progression. Recently, we described that breast cancer metastatic cells to the brain exhibit much lower level of KISS1 expression detected by real time PCR and IHC. However little is known about the mechanism that regulates KISS1 in the brain metastatic cells and promotes brain metastases. We hypothesized that loss of KISS1 allows persistence of metastatic cells in the brain.
Results: Given the fact that some migrating breast cancer cells possess stem cells (CSC) properties, we stained the primary breast cancer and brain metastatic clinical specimens contain breast cancer cells using CD24, CD44, ESA1 and KISS1 markers. We observed that in the brain metastases, the CSC exhibit low/lack of KISS1 expression, whereas in the MDA-MB-231 model, blood derived circulating cells express comparative to primary xenografts level of KiSS1 expression. Then we co-cultured MDA-231-Br or CN34Br cells with either human microglia (HM) or human astrocytes (HA) to determine the conditions that affect KISS1 expression. We observed that primary human astrocytes downregulate the expression of KISS1, whereas HM conditional media had little effect. Furthermore, we detected that inhibition of KISS1 expression in breast metastatic cells is dependent on the expression of chemokines such CCL2 and CXCL12. This effect was dose dependent and required activation of cellular signaling in the tumor cells. Our data demonstrate that interaction of breast cancer cells with astrocytes inhibits KISS1 metastatic suppressor and contributes to tumorigenesis.
Conclusions: Our results provide a new insight into the mechanism that promotes brain metastases, and may have implications for the treatment and prevention of brain metastases.
Citation Format: Ilya V. Ulasov, Natalya V. Kaverina, JG Yoon, Hwahyung Lee, Purvaba Sarvaiya, Dmitry Malin, Vincent L. Cryns, Danny R. Welch, Charles K. Cobbs. Astrocytes promote colonization of human brain with breast cancer cells via inhibition of KISS1 expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-191. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-191
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - JG Yoon
- 1Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Dmitry Malin
- 3University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI
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Ulasov IV, Kaverina NV, Pytel P, Thaci B, Liu F, Hurst DR, Welch DR, Sattar HA, Olopade OI, Baryshnikov AY, Kadagidze ZG, Lesniak MS. Clinical significance of KISS1 protein expression for brain invasion and metastasis. Cancer 2011; 118:2096-105. [PMID: 21928364 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastases to the brain represent a feared complication and contribute to the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. Despite improvements in therapy, prognostic factors for development of metastases are lacking. KISS1 is a metastasis suppressor that demonstrates inhibition of metastases formation in several types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of KISS1 expression in breast cancer progression and the development of intracerebral lesions. METHODS In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of 47 brain metastases and 165 primary breast cancer specimens by using the antihuman KISS1 antibody. To compare KISS1 expression between different groups, we used a 3-tier score and the automated score computer software (ACIS) evaluation. To reveal association between mRNA and protein expression, we used quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Significance of immunohistochemistry stainings was correlated with clinicopathological data. RESULTS We identified that KISS1 expression is significantly higher in primary breast cancer compared with brain metastases (P < .05). The mRNA analysis performed on 33 selected ductal carcinoma brain metastatic lesions and 36 primary ductal carcinomas revealed a statistically significant down-regulation of KISS1 protein in metastatic cases (P = .04). Finally, we observed a significant correlation between expression of KISS1 and metastasis-free survival (P = .04) along with progression of breast cancer and expression of KISS1 in primary breast cancer specimens (P = .044). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study shows that breast cancer expresses KISS1. Cytoplasmic expression of KISS1 may be used as a prognostic marker for increased risk of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- The Brain Tumor Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kaverina NV, Popova EP, Iarkova MA, Seredenin SB. [Afobazole effect on heart rate variability in rats with different behaviors in the "open field" test]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2009; 72:33-40. [PMID: 19334509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The course of cardiovascular diseases is known to depend upon vegetative nervous system condition. The heart rate variability is the quantitative indicator of vegetative nervous system activity. The emotional stress reaction in rats tested in the "open field" was assessed by measuring the heart rate variability, which allowed the chronotropic cardiac function to be studied in detail and showed which part of the vegetative system (either sympathetic or parasympathetic) prevails in animals with different phenotypes of the emotional stress reaction. In rats demonstrating different behaviors in the "open field" test, changes in the heart rate variability were examined under conditions of the emotional stress response development and the treatment with non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic afobazole. It was established that the sympathetic nervous system tone prevails in stress-resistant rats, whereas in non-resistant animals, the parasympathetic system is predominating. In non-resistant rats exposed to stress, the heart rate variability decreased due to reduced power of very low frequencies, in contrast to stress-resistant animals, which showed increased power of very low frequencies. Afobazole was found to increase the heart rate variability in both animal groups. In non-resistant rats, afobazole also raised the vagus tone.
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Kaverina NV, Lyskovtsev VV, Popova EP, Lebedeva MA. [The role of vagal control in the action of propranolol on the chronotropic cardiac function]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2008; 71:36-38. [PMID: 18365485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of propranolol on the heart rate variability was studied in anesthetized outbred male rats, to which the drug was administered as intracisternal and intraperitoneal injections. Propranolol was found to increase the power of low- and high-frequency components of the heart rate. In influencing the heart rate variability, propranolol has the central mode of action. It is suggested that the ability of propranolol to increase the power of the low and high frequency components of the heart rate is related to its enhancing effect on the central cardiac vagal control.
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Kaverina NV, Lyskovtsev VV, Popova EP. [Comparative study of the electrophysiological properties of class iii medicinals (cardiocyclide, nibentan, sotalol) and evaluation of their efficacy in atrial fibrillation produced by auricular and vagal stimulation]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2007; 70:11-6. [PMID: 17402585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological properties of cardiocyclide, nibentan and sotalol and their efficacy on a model of atrial fibrillation were compared in experiments in anaesthetized dogs. The electrophysiological parameters of drugs were investigated using the method of programmed electrical stimulation of myocardium on the background of excitation of the peripheral segment of the right vagus nerve with current pulses of increasing frequency. The atrial fibrillation was produced by short stimulation (10 pulses) of the right auriculum (10 Hz, 4 thresholds). Cardiocyclide was injected in a dose of 2.5-5.0 mg/kg; nibentan, 0.25 mg/kg; and sotalol, 2.5 mg/kg. Cardiocyclide was found to prevent vagotonic atrial fibrillation in 80% of cases; under vagal stimulation this drug maintained the electrophysiological attributes and exhibited the frequency-independent action inherent in this agent. Nibentan completely retained its ability to prolong the ventricular repolarization under vagal stimulation conditions, increased the effective atrial and ventricular refractory periods, and showed the ability to prevent and eliminate the vagotonic atrial fibrillation in 80-90% of cases. Under vagal stimulation, sotalol increased the repolarization and prolonged the effective refractory atrial and ventricular periods, reduced the heart rate, and suppressed the sinus node function. The action of sotalol was frequency-dependent. Sotalol was found to prevent the vagotonic atrial fibrillation in 60% of cases.
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Abstract
Estrone, estriol, and estradiol valerate exhibited antiarrhythmic activity in rats with aconitine-induced arrhythmia. Estrone was most effective in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Matyushin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology, Medical and Biological Faculty, Russian State Medical University, Moscow
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Popova EP, Lyskovtsev VV, Kaverina NV. [Effect of the class III antiarrhythmic drug nibentan in vagotonic atrial fibrillation]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2006; 69:24-7. [PMID: 16579055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nibentan, the class III antiarrhythmic drug, was experimentally investigated in anaesthetized dogs using the model of vagotonic atrial fibrillation. Under the conditions of vagus nerve stimulation, nibentan retained the ability to prolong the ventricular repolarization and increase the effective refractory periods and to maintain the frequency-independent action on the effective refractory periods of the atrium. At the same time, nibentan did not affect conduction via the His-Purkinje system and prevented bradycardia induced by vagus stimulation. The drug was found to depress the conduction in atrium, this effect being retained on the background of vagus nerve stimulation. Nibentan has proved to be effective in preventing the vagotonic atrial fibrillation.
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Kaverina NV, Lyskovets VV, Popova EV. [Effect of cardiocyclide on the electrophysiological parameters of heart in experiments with vagus nerve excitation in narcotized dogs]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2005; 68:30-5. [PMID: 15786961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The new class III antiarrhythmic agent cardiocyclide effectively suppresses atrioventricular fibrillations caused by the vagus nerve excitation in narcotized dogs. The electrophysiological effect of cardiocyclide was studied by method of programmed electric stimulation of myocardium on the background of excitation of the a peripheral segment of the right vagus by current pulses of increasing frequency. On this background, cardiocyclide exhibited characteristic effects manifested primarily in the repolarization and the AV node conduction. In addition, the drug eliminated suppression of the sinus and atrioventricular nodes and changes in the atrioventricular conduction caused by the vagus nerve. This drug effect was dose-dependent. The action of cardiocyclide in response to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system was independent of the frequency of the induced heart rate.
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Kaverina NV, Chichkanov GG, Tsorin IB. [Antifibrillatory effect of antiarrhythmic drugs of various classes under conditions of activation of the parasympathetic nervous system]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2004; 67:30-1. [PMID: 15707011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The experiments on anesthetized rats under the conditions of a 7-min occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery followed by reperfusion showed that drugs belonging to various classes of antiarrhythmic agents (ethacizine, IC; cardiocyclide, III; verapamil, IV; bradizol, V) produce a pronounced antifibrillatory and antiarrhythmic effects. The cholinomimetic carbacholine produced practically the same effect. Cardiocyclide, verapamil, and bradizol retained their antifibrillatory properties upon combined administration with carbacholine, while the effect of ethacizine administered jointly with carbacholine was decreased.
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Kaverina NV, Chichkanov GG, Tsorin IB, Kirsanova GI. [Activation of the sympathetic nervous system influences the antifibrillatory effect of class I antiarrhythmic drugs]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2004; 67:17-8. [PMID: 15559629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The experiments with anesthetized rats showed that drugs belonging to various subclasses of class I antiarrhytmic agents (novocainamide, IA; lidocaine, IB; ethacizine, IC) produce a pronounced antifibrillatory and antiarrhythmic action under the conditions of a 7-min occlusion followed by reperfusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. In the arrhythmia model with beta-adrenoreceptors stimulated by isoproterenol, novocainamide (IA) and lidocaine (IB) retained their efficacy, in contrast to ethacizine (IC). This difference in the behavior of antiarrhythmic drugs may be related to their different antiarrhythmogenic potentials.
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Filippova OV, Kryzhanovskiĭ SA, Peresada VP, Likhosherstov AM, Revenko SV, Kaverina NV, Reznikov KM. [Antiarrhythmic properties of 2-(2'-hydroxy-2')-substituted ethyl-1,2,3,4-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2004; 67:26-9. [PMID: 15500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The antiarrhythmic activity and acute toxicity of a series of 2-(2'-hydroxy-2')-substituted ethyloctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines were studied. Two most promising compound (PV-238) is characterized by high antiarrhythmic activity, broad spectrum of action, and low toxicity.
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Filippova OV, Kryzhanovskiĭ SA, Peresada VP, Likhosherstov AM, Vititnova MB, Kaverina NV, Reznikov KM. [2-(2'-hydroxy 2'-substituted) ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines--a novel group of substances with anti-arrhythmia activity]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2003; 66:21-5. [PMID: 12924227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The antiarrhythmic activity and acute toxicity of a series of 2-(2'-hydroxy-2'-substituted) ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- a]pyrazines were studied. Two most promising compounds (PV-168 PV-174) are characterized by a high antiarrhythmic activity, a broad spectrum of action, and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Filippova
- Pharmacology Department, Voronezh State Medical Academy, ul. Studencheskya 10, Voronezh, 394000 Russia
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Matiushin AI, Kaverina NV, Shimanovskiĭ NL, Rzheznikov VM, Turilova AI. [Anti-arrhythmia activity of estradiol valerate and estradiol nitrate]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2003; 66:26-8. [PMID: 12924228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol valerate and estradiol nitrate exhibit significant antiarrhythmic activity of on the aconitine arrhythmia model in rats. In both cases, the maximum effect was observed in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Matiushin
- Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology Department, State Medical University, ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117437 Russia
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Kaverina NV, Chichkanov GG. [Pharmacology of antiarrhythmia agents: the new aspects]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2003; 66:46-52. [PMID: 12962048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes new original drugs created at the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology (Moscow). Cardiocyclide is a class III antiarrhythmic drug, producing a frequency-independent action; is a promising agent for the treatment of dangerous tachyarrhythmias. Bradizol is a class V antiarrhythmic drug producing a special bradycardiac action.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kaverina
- Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya ul. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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Kaverina NV, Lyskovtsev VV, Popova EP. [Comparative study of electrophysiological mechanisms of anti-arrhythmia III class agents, cardiocyclide, nibentan, and sotalol during experimental myocardial infarction and sympathetic stimulation]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2003; 66:27-33. [PMID: 12683077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological mechanisms of the action of cardiocyclide, nibentan, and sotalol--antiarrhythmic agents of class III--was studied in dogs with experimental myocardial infarction induced by a two-step occlusion of the coronary artery. Cardiocyclide exhibited the properties typical of the class III antiarrhythmics by prolonging the ventricular repolarization and increasing the effective refractory periods in the atrium and ventricles. The degree of manifestation of these antiarrhythmic effects of cardiocyclide is independent of the induced heart rate, which is related to the ability of this drug to block the slow activation component (IKs) of the delayed rectified potassium current. Nibentan elongates the QT interval and increases the effective atrial and ventricular refractory periods, but the effect was dependent of the stimulation frequency. Sotalol, which also exhibited the properties of a class III antiarrhythmogen possessing beta-blocking activity, produced more pronounced inhibiting action upon the sinus node function and conduction (in comparison with the analogous effects of cardiocyclide). This is probably related to the ability of sotalol to block the cardiac adrenoreceptors. The effect of sotalol is also frequency-dependent, which is related to the blocking of rapid activating component (IKr) of) of the delayed rectified potassium current. On the background of isoproterenol infusion, cardiocyclide completely retained the electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects. The efficacy of nibentan and sotalol with respect to the repolarization and refractoriness significantly decrease under the conditions of sympathetic nervous system activation. The ability of sotalol to suppress the sinus node function and conduction on the background of isoproterenol infusion is retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kaverina
- Laboratory of Circulation System Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya Str., 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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Kaverina NV, Lyskovtsev VV, Popova EP. [Electrophysiological effects of ethacizine in experimental myocardial infarction and stimulation of sympathetic heart innervation]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2002; 65:23-7. [PMID: 12596528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological effect of ethacizine, an antiarrhythmic agent of class IC, was studied in dogs with experimental myocardial infarction under the beta-adrenergic stimulation conditions. It was found that ethacizine (i) slows down the atrioventricular conduction and the AV-node conduction; (ii) increases the time of the sinus node function recovery; and (iii) increases the effective atrioventricular refractory periods. Under the conditions of isoproterenol-induced stimulation of the beta-adrenergic structures, some of the ethacizine effects (e.g., increased refractoriness) completely disappeared and the other (slowed down conduction) decreased. As the stimulation frequency was increased, the effect of ethacizine upon the conduction exhibited a decrease. Upon the isoproterenol injection, dependence of the QRS complex on the forced rhythm frequency disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kaverina
- Laboratory of Circulation System Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya ul. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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Turilova AI, Katsitadze NS, Kaverina NV. [The effect of novel class III anti-arrhythmia agents cardiocyclide and nibentan during activation of cardiac beta-adrenoreceptors]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2002; 65:29-30. [PMID: 12596510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cardiocyclide and nibentan--class III antiarrhythmics--on the heart rate frequencies (HRF) and the EEG intervals (PQ, QRS, QT, and QTc) was experimentally studied on narcotized rats under conditions of the isoproterenol-induced activation of beta-adrenergic structures. It was established that cardiocyclide retains properties of the class III drug, as manifested by decreased HRF and increased QT duration in the absence of changes in the conductivity. In contrast, the activity of nibentan was decreased on the background of activation of the sympathetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Turilova
- Laboratory of Circulation System Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya ul. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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Brusova EG, Kaverina NV, Likhosherstov AM. [Binding of dicyclohexylamide derivatives of N-substituted aminocarboxylic acids with muscarinic cholinoreceptors and beta-adrenoreceptors]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2002; 65:39-41. [PMID: 12596513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The binding of N-substituted aminocarboxylic acid dicyclohexylamide (NACA-DCHA) derivatives to M-1 muscarinic cholinoreceptors (MRs) in rat brain cortex and and beta-1 adrenoreceptors (ARs) in rat heart was studied. The maximum MR affinity was observed for AL-275 (IC50, 2.8 microM) and AL-315 (IC 50, 3.2 microM) preparations. The other compounds (except AL-310 with IC50 > 100 microM) interacted with MR at a lower affinity. The binding to beta-1 AR in rat heart was observed for a single preparation AL-298 (IC50, 38 microM). The antimuscarinic activity of some NACA-DCHA derivatives, especially AL-275 and AL-315) may play a significant role in realization of the antiarrhythmic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brusova
- Laboratory of Circulation System Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya ul. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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31
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Vititnova MB, Kryzhanovskiĭ SA, Kaverina NV. [Comparative study of the anti-arrhythmic activity of cardiocyclide and nibentan in hypersympathotonia and acute myocardial ischemia]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2002; 65:24-6. [PMID: 12109286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The antiarrhythmogenic and antifibrillar action of cardiocyclide and nibentan--class III antiarrhythmogens (according to the classification of Vaughan Williams) was experimentally studied on narcotized cats. The hypersympathotonia model was induced by a 30-sec stimulation of the left stellate cervical ganglion on the background of acute myocardial infarction. On this model of a ventricular disorder in the heart rhythm, cardiocyclide (2.4 mg/kg) and nibentan (0.2 mg/kg) exhibited pronounced antiarrhythmic activity. It is suggested that both drugs can be used under clinical conditions for the prophylaxis of sudden coronary death in patents with acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Vititnova
- Laboratory of Circulation System Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya ul. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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32
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Kaverina NV, Lyskovtsev VV, Kishchuk EP. [Effect of the novel III class anti-arrhythmia preparation (AL-275) in experimental myocardium and sympathetic stimulation]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2001; 64:33-7. [PMID: 11544801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
AL-275, a new antiarrhythmic agent, exhibits the properties typical of the class III antiarrhythmogen: (i) prolongs the ventricular repolarization; (ii) inhibits the sinus node automatism; (iii) increases the effective refractory periods in atrium and ventricles; and (iv) does not modify AV and intraventricular conduction. AL-275 produces a pronounced antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory action. The effect of AL-275 is independent of the heart rate, which is an advantage over the other class III agents. Both character and intensity of the electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic activity of AL-275 were fully retained upon the preliminary infusion of isoproterenol. Independence of the drug action of both the heart rate and the isoproterenol-induced changes in refractoriness are related to the ability of AL-275 to block a slow component (IKs) of the potassium current.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kaverina
- Laboratory of Circulation System Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya ul. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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33
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Kaverina NV, Chichkanov GG, Tsorin IB, Kirsanova GI. [Effect of the sympathetic nervous system activation on the antifibrillatory efficacy of various anti-arrhythmia agents]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2000; 63:22-3. [PMID: 11202504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Experiments with a 7-min occlusion followed by reperfusion of the left coronary artery in narcotized rats showed that antiarrhythmic drugs of various classes--ethacizin (class I), AL-275 (class III), and CM-345 (class V)--produce pronounced antifibrillatory and antiarrhythmic effects. AL-275 and CM-345, in contrast to ethacizin, retained their efficacy under the conditions of isoproterenol-induced stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors. This difference in behavior is probably explained by dissimilar effects of the antiarrhythmics on the ion channels of cardiomyocite membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kaverina
- Laboratory of Circulation System Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Baltiiskaya ul. 8, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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34
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Poppe H, Schindler R, Sauer W, Marx D, Bartsch R, Kaverina NV, Lichoscherstow AM, Sokolov SF, Lyskovtsev VV, Seredenin SB, Borisenko SA. New aminocarboxamides with class III anti-arrhythmic activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1999; 332:233-42. [PMID: 10450168 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4184(19997)332:7<233::aid-ardp233>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new anti-arrhythmic substances we discovered the class III activity of aminocarboxamides. These compounds show a prolongation of the effective refractory period. With some of them the prolongation is more pronounced after faster than after slower stimulation of the guinea pig papillary muscle. They should therefore be of interest in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias after myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. The chemical synthesis, the structure-activity relationships of the new derivatives, their efficacy on the action potential duration (APD) and the effective refractory period (ERP) in vitro of isolated guinea pig papillary muscles are described and discussed in this paper. Since AWD 160-275 (13) and AWD 23-111 (14) exerted a pronounced APD90 and ERP prolongation at faster stimulation, they were selected for further electrophysiological characterization in vitro and in vivo. Anti-arrhythmic and pro-arrhythmic effects were determined in several animal models in comparison with dofetilide, sematilide, and sotalol. 13 was found to be effective in preventing programmed electrical stimulation-induced arrhythmias in anaesthetized dogs and may therefore contribute to the therapy of dysrhythmias after myocardial infarction. The pro-arrhythmic effect of 14, investigated in a model of triggered activity in chloralose-anaesthetized rabbits under methoxamine infusion, is low in comparison with other class III anti-arrhythmics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Corporate R & D, Arzneimittelwerk Dresden GmbH, Radebeul, Germany
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35
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Berdiaev SU, Paliani-Katsitadze NS, Turilova AI, Kaverina NV, Likhosherstov AM, Lebedeva AS, Ogurtsov VA. [The anti-arrhythmia activity of new dicyclohexylamide derivatives of N-substituted alpha-aminocarboxylic acids]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1999; 62:26-9. [PMID: 10513331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on arrhythmia models showed a high antiarrhythmic activity of new derivatives of dicyclohexylamides of N-replaced alpha-aminocarbonic acids. The new compounds surpassed in intensity and duration of the antiarrhythmic effect the standard agents with classes I and III antiarrhythmic activity. In doing so they raise myocardial electrical stability and prevent sudden development of ventricular fibrillation. According to the mechanism of the antiarrhythmic activity, the new compounds may be related to antiarrhythmic agents possessing the properties of classes I and III.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Berdiaev
- Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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36
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Kaverina NV, Lyskovtsev VV, Sokolov SF, Poppe H, Marx D, Kishchuk EP, Turilova AI, Likhosherstov AM, Tsorin IB, Chichkanov GG. [A new class-III antiarrhythmic preparation among the dicyclohexylamides of aminocarboxylic acids]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 1999:42-6. [PMID: 9889705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences, jointly with AWD (Germany) has synthesized and tested a novel class III antiarrhythmic coded AWD-160-275, a derivative of dicyclohexylamides of aminocarboxylic acids. The compound was shown to prolong cardiac repolarization, to increase atrial and ventricular refractory periods, to decrease sinus nodal automatism, and to unchange intraventricular conduction. The compound proved to be superior to the reference drugs in the rate and duration of antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory action. In therapeutical doses it has no antiarrhythmic effect. The specific feature of the agent is that there is no relation of longer effective refractory periods to the frequency of stimulation. This property may be useful in treating tachyarrhythmias.
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37
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Kaverina NV, Chichkanov GG, Bugriĭ EM, Vititnova MB, Tolmacheva EA, Turilova AI, Kryzhanovskiĭ SA, Lyskovtsev VV, Rodionov AP, Beloborodov VL. [The pharmacology of the new combined anti-arrhythmia preparation metatsizin]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1998; 61:33-6. [PMID: 9621171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The combined antiarrhythmic effect of ethmosin and ethacisin in various dose ratios was studied in conscious dogs with two-stage ligation of the coronary artery (after Harris). A 6:1 ratio was found to be optimal for manifestation of the antiarrhythmic effect. In such a ratio of the doses the antiarrhythmic effect of a combination of ethmosin and ethacisin is essentially higher than the activity of each component. On the grounds of these data a combined antiarrhythmic drug methacisin was developed. It possesses a broad spectrum of antiarrhythmic activity. The drug is effective on models of arrhythmias specific of class I, III, and IV antiarrhythmics. Metacisin does not change hemodynamics and activity of the heart. Study of metacisin pharmacokinetics showed that it possesses bioavailability twice that of ethmosin tablets taken separately and four times that of ethasicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kaverina
- Laboratory of Blood Circulation Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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38
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Poppe H, Kaverina NV, Lyskovzev VV, Egerland U, Sauer W, Lichoscherstow A, Rüger C, Skoldinow A. New 5-aminoacyl-5,10-dihydro-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-ones with antiarrhythmic activity. Pharmazie 1997; 52:821-30. [PMID: 9399338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of new 5-substituted tricyclic 5,10-dihydro-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]-diazepin-11-ones was identified as potential antiarrhythmic agents against bradyarrhythmias [1, 2]. The in vitro and in vivo interactions of the compounds with muscarinic receptors and the antiarrhythmic activity were examined. In receptor binding studies some derivatives showed a high affinity to the cardiac M2 receptor (Ki 10 nmol/l), an equal or smaller affinity to cortical M1 receptor and a lower affinity to the glandular M3 binding site. Functional experiments showed the derivatives as competitive antagonists with high affinity to the cardiac and smaller affinity to the intestinal muscarinic receptor. In vivo experiments correspond with the M2 selectivity. First the vagal or agonist-induced bradycardia was inhibited in rats and guinea pigs while the McNA-343 induced increase of blood pressure, methacholine-induced bronchi and bladder constriction as well as the salivation were inhibited only at higher doses. In conscious cats the tachycardia was examined in comparison with pupillomotoricity. The effect duration and the therapeutical range were determined in comparison to the M2 selective blocking agent AF-DX116. The antiarrhythmic activity was examined compared to quinidine sulfate in CaCl2-arrhythmia of rats, in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in dogs according to Scherf [2] and in electric induced atrial fibrillation under vagal stimulation in cats. In the atrial arrhythmias the derivatives are clearly longer effective than quinidine sulfate. The antiischemic activity was examined in the two-stages coronary ligature in dogs according to Harris. The long-running regularization of ectopies (about 2 h after i.v. injection) occurred without decrease of the heart rate, an effect particularly convenient to therapy of bradycardic dysrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Poppe
- Department of Chemical Research 1, Corporate R & D, Moscow, Russia
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39
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Kaverina NV. [Anti-arrhythmia agents: results and outlook]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1994; 57:12-5. [PMID: 7756947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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40
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Paliani-Katsitadze NS, Berdiaev SI, Turilova AI, Kaverina NV, Likhosherstov AM. [A comparative study of the antiarrhythmic action of bonnecor and the mesidide derivatives of alpha-azacycloalkane carboxylic acids]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1994; 57:15-7. [PMID: 8049618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The antiarrhythmic properties of the dibenzazepine derivative bonnecor and derivatives of mesidides of alpha-azacycloalkanocarboxylic acids were studied in various experimental arrhythmia models. The comparative study revealed different antiarrhythmic effects in different arrhythmia models. Bonnecor was found to have a higher antiarrhythmic activity in most arrhythmic models. Tertiary salts were demonstrated to be more potent than quaternary ones.
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41
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Varon D, Rechavi M, Erez M, Goldberg G, Manoach M, Kaverina NV. Ethmozine and ethacizine--new antiarrhythmic drugs with defibrillating properties. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 1993; 4:299-311. [PMID: 8664247 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.1993.4.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a life-threatening arrhythmia that leads to death unless electrical defibrillation is applied in time. Recent publications indicate that VF can be either sustained (SVF), requiring electrical defibrillation, or transient (TVF), reverting spontaneously into sinus rhythm. Since VF cannot be totally prevented by drugs, a new antiarrhythmic therapeutic approach has been proposed: drug-induced enhancement of the ability of the heart to defibrillate by itself. In this study we examined the defibrillating potency of two antiarrhythmic phenothiazines, ethmozine (ETM) and ethacizine (ETA), as well as their effects on catecholamine uptake and on the electrophysiological properties of the myocardial cell membrane. The antiarrhythmic-defibrillatory activity was examined in cats; the inhibitory effect on [3H]-norepinephrine (NE) uptake was examined in rat brain synaptosomes, and the electrophysiological membrane effects were examined by microelectrode recordings in perfused strips of heart ventricle from guinea-pigs. The results indicate that: 1. ETA exhibits similar but stronger antiarrhythmic-defibrillating and NE reuptake inhibitory effects than ETM; 2. ETA at 10-6 M decreases ventricular conduction time and increases Vmax while ETM at this concentration does not change them; 3. The defibrillating ability of the drugs can be related to their inhibitory potency on NE reuptake. We suggest that the risk of sympathomimetic arrhythmogenicity is prevented by the previously described, membrane stabilizing Class 1 antiarrhythmic properties of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Varon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tel Aviv University School of Medicine, Israel
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42
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Abstract
This paper is concerned with a new group of antiarrhythmic drugs: derivatives of phenothiazine and dibenzazepine which belong to tricyclic nitrogen-containing systems. It has been discovered that the transition from omega-aminoalkyl to omega-aminoacyl phenothiazine derivatives results in a decrease in psychotropic activity and an increase in cardiovascular, particularly antiarrhythmic, action. Based on structural and antiarrhythmic activity studies, the new and effective drugs ethmozine, ethacizine and bonnecor have been selected and extensively studied. Data on spectra and mechanisms of their action, obtained in different arrhythmia models, have been confirmed by clinical studies. Correlation between pharmacological properties and electrophysiological mechanisms, and differences in action of the drugs studied on brain and heart plasma membrane receptors may serve as a starting point for the further directed search for new antiarrhythmic drugs among tricyclic nitrogen-containing structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kaverina
- Institute of Pharmacology, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
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Kryzhanovskiĭ SA, Kacharava VG, Marko R, Kelemen K, Kaverina NV, Sakhs VA. [Electrophysiologic study of the anti-arrhythmic mechanism of action of phosphocreatine in acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion]. Kardiologiia 1991; 31:66-9. [PMID: 1805069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To determine the possible application of exogenous phosphocreatine (ePC) to protect the ischemic myocardium from reperfusion abnormalities in cardiac rhythm, the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory activities of the agent were studied in an acute myocardial ischemia model and reperfusion-induced cardiac damage. It was shown that ePC produced a pronounced antifibrillatory effect in acute coronary occlusion and subsequent reperfusion. The agent substantially increased the threshold of electric ventricular fibrillation and the frequency of spontaneous defibrillation. The highest activity was shown by ePC in ischemic myocardial reperfusion. The agent suppressed both rapid inward Na+ current and slow inward Ca2+ current. The effects of ePC on transmembrane ion currents suggest that the agent has a unique electrophysiological mechanism of action involving the properties of Classes I and IV antiarrhythmics, making ePC promising in clinical application in patients with impaired conduction and automatism.
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Berdiaev SI, Turilova AI, Lebedeva AS, Likhosherstov AM, Ninidze IG, Kaverina NV, Skoldinov AP. [The anti-arrhythmic activity of the arylamides of alpha-hexamethyleneiminocarboxylic acids]. Farmakol Toksikol 1991; 54:32-4. [PMID: 1915816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A high antiarrhythmic activity of arylamides of alpha-hexamethyleniminocarbonic acids was found on different experimental models of arrhythmias. It was shown that the lengthening of the carbonic chain in carbonic acids (R) as well as the change from ortho-toluidides to xylidides or mesidides in the aromatic fragment of the molecule increased the antiarrhythmic activity of the studied compounds, their toxicity also increased. The choice of compounds with optimal properties is determined by the combination of all investigated factors: intensity and duration and also the specific features of the spectrum of the antiarrhythmic effect, toxicity and therapeutic range.
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45
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Kaverina NV, Skoldinov AP. [A new group of anti-arrhythmia agents (the search, results and concept)]. Farmakol Toksikol 1990; 53:26-9. [PMID: 2201562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current status of the antiarrhythmic therapy is outlined: the main electrophysiological properties underlying the classifications of antiarrhythmic agents are presented; the principles of the search for new drugs are formulated. Using as an example the creation of a new group of antiarrhythmic agents, an attempt was made to develop the concept of the directed search for cardiotropic drugs among tricyclic nitrogen-containing systems.
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Mironova MI, Lyskovtsev VV, Kaverina NV. [A first trial in the clinical study of bonnecor]. Farmakol Toksikol 1990; 53:65-7. [PMID: 2201564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The brief data on the results of the clinical trials of a new antiarrhythmic drug bonnecor at intravenous administration performed in six clinical institutions of the country are presented. A high effectiveness and a good tolerance of the drug in VT, VE, ST, SE and WPW syndrome were revealed.
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47
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Berdiaev SI, Lyskovtsev VV, Senova ZP, Darinskiĭ NV, Grigor'eva EK, Tolmacheva EA, Turilova AI, Gritsenko AN, Kaverina NV. [Bonnecor--a new anti-arrhythmia preparation]. Farmakol Toksikol 1990; 53:33-6. [PMID: 2387376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The antiarrhythmic properties of a new drug bonnecor being a derivative of dibenzazepine were studied on different models of arrhythmias. Bonnecor proved to be effective in the treatment of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias of various genesis except rhythm disorders induced by ouabain intoxication. The drug was shown to exert a pronounced antifibrillatory effect and to increase the electrical stability of the intact and ischemic myocardium.
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48
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Savel'eva MV, Ratner EI, Baldenko GN, Kaverina NV. [Differences in the efficiency of their interaction with membrane receptors of the dialkylaminoalkyl and dialkylaminoacyl derivatives of phenothiazine]. Biull Eksp Biol Med 1990; 109:266-8. [PMID: 1973058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
New dialkylaminoacyl phenothiazine derivatives (DAC) were compared with their dialkylaminoalkyl analogues (neuroleptics chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and fluphenazine) as well as with anti-arrhythmia drugs ethmozine and ethacizine for their receptor-blocking potencies. It was established that DAC are significantly less potent with dopamine alpha 1-adrenergic and H1-histamine receptors of calf and rabbit brain, which can explain the absence of neuroleptic effect of DAC drugs. DAC affinities to muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic receptors of both types are very similar to those of ethmozine and ethacizine. New DAC substance G-512 (chlorpromazine analogue) demonstrated high affinity to M1-muscarinic receptors of rabbit brain cortex (Ki = 4.2 nM) and to M2-muscarinic receptors of the rabbit heart (Ki = 48 nM).
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Abstract
1. The major metabolites of ethacizin (ethyl 10-[3-diethylaminopropionyl]phenothiazine-2-carbamate) have been isolated from human urine by h.p.l.c. and identified by determination of u.v., i.r., n.m.r. and mass spectra and comparison with spectra of synthetic standard compounds. 2. The pathways of metabolism of ethacizin include N-de-ethylation, sulphoxidation, N-10 amide hydrolysis, aromatic hydroxylation and conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Beloborodov
- I.M. Sechenov Medical Institute, Moscow Research Institute of Pharmacology, USSR
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50
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Sharov VG, Beskrovnova NN, Kryzhanovsky SA, Bobkov JG, Saks VA, Kaverina NV. Ultrastructure of Purkinje cells in the subendocardium and false tendons in early experimental myocardial infarction complicated by fibrillation in the dog. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1989; 57:131-9. [PMID: 2569251 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of regional myocardial ischemia complicated by ventricular fibrillation (VF) on the ultrastructure of subendocardial (SE) and false tendon (FT) Purkinje cells (PC) was studied in anesthetized dogs. In all cases of early ischemia with spontaneous VF, many PC exhibited ultrastructural damage as early as 2 min after the onset of ischemia. The changes noted were: intercalated disk dissociation, sarcoplasmic reticulum vacuolization (SRV), supercontraction, mitochondrial swelling, and sarcolemmal defects (rigor cells). The appearance of at least some rigor PC seemed to precede spontaneous VF, since these cells were absent from the conduction systems in control hearts in which VF was induced by electric shock or reperfusion, from hearts from sham-operated dogs, or from hearts subjected to longer periods of uncomplicated myocardial infarction. These observations indicate that alterations in SE and FTPC may play a role in the pathogenesis of sudden death due to early myocardial ischemia. The mechanism of this rapid damage of PC remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Sharov
- Laboratory of Cardiac Bioenergetics, USSR Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow
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