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Yu Y, Fu W, Xie Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. A review on recent advances in assays for DNMT1: a promising diagnostic biomarker for multiple human cancers. Analyst 2024; 149:1002-1021. [PMID: 38204433 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of human DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is closely related with the occurrence and development of a wide range of human cancers. DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) is the most abundant human DNA methyltransferase and is mainly responsible for genomic DNA methylation patterns. Abnormal expression of DNMT1 has been found in many kinds of tumors, and DNMT1 has become a valuable target for the diagnosis and drug therapy of diseases. Nowadays, DNMT1 has been found to be involved in multiple cancers such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and other cancers. In order to achieve early diagnosis and for scientific research, various analytical methods have been developed for qualitative or quantitative detection of low-abundance DNMT1 in biological samples and human tumor cells. Herein, we provide a brief explication of the research progress of DNMT1 involved in various cancer types. In addition, this review focuses on the types, principles, and applications of DNMT1 detection methods, and discusses the challenges and potential future directions of DNMT1 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, QianWei People's Hospital, Leshan 614400, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yaxing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, QianWei People's Hospital, Leshan 614400, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Kong L, Wang L, Wang Z, Xiao X, You Y, Wu H, Wu M, Liu P, Li L. Cytological DNA methylation for cervical cancer screening: a validation set. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1181982. [PMID: 37671063 PMCID: PMC10475939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1181982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous training set with a case-controlled design, cutoff values for host EPB41L3 and JAM3 gene methylation were obtained for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or more severe lesions (CIN2+). This validation trial was conducted to evaluate the role of DNA methylation in screening for CIN2+ by cervical cytology among unselected participants. Methods From June 1, 2019, to September 1, 2019, in our study center, we collected liquid-based samples from cervical swabs for methylation assays and hrHPV testing in eligible patients. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic accuracy of DNA methylation and hrHPV genotyping for CIN2+ according to confirmed histology results. Results Among 307 participants, compared with hrHPV testing, the methylation assay for CIN2+ had lower sensitivity (68.7% versus 86.1%, p=0.002) but higher specificity (96.7% versus 0.696, p<0.001). The methylation assay also had favorable sensitivity and specificity in patients with negative hrHPV testing (56.3% and 96.9%) and in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (73.7% and 92.7%). DNA methylation had higher specificity than the hrHPV assay (100.0% versus 44.4%, p<0.001) for identifying residual CIN2+ in patients without residual lesions. Positive cervical DNA methylation was associated with a diagnostic probability of endometrial carcinoma (odds ratio 15.5 [95% confidence interval 4.1-58.6]) but not of ovarian epithelial carcinoma (1.4 [0.3-6.5]). Conclusions The host EPB41L3 and JAM3 gene methylation assay in cervical cytology had favorable diagnostic accuracy for CIN2+ and was highly specific for residual CIN2+ lesions The methylation assay is a promising triage tool in hrHPV+ women, or even an independent tool for cervical cancer screening. The methylation status in cervical cytology could also serve as a prognostic biomarker. Its role in detecting endometrial carcinomas is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Department of Technology, Beijing OriginPoly Biotechnology CO., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- Department of Technology, Beijing OriginPoly Biotechnology CO., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Technology, Beijing OriginPoly Biotechnology CO., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Zhao L, Peng H, Dai S, Quan Y, Wang M, Wang J, Bi Z, Zheng Y, Zhou S, Liu Y, Chen C, Na F. An organoid-based drug screening identified a menin-MLL inhibitor for endometrial cancer through regulating the HIF pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:112-125. [PMID: 32632269 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor organoids recapitulate pathological properties and would serve as an excellent ex vivo model for drug discovery. Here, we performed an unbiased drug screening on drivers-defined tumor organoids from mouse endometrial cancer, the most prevalent gynecological malignancy in human, with a small molecule library targeting epigenetic factors. Among them, menin-MLL inhibitors MI-136 and MI-463 scored. The therapeutic capacity of MI-136 was further validated in tumor organoids in vitro and an orthotopic model in vivo. CRISPR/cas9-mediated mutations of major components of the menin-MLL complex, Men1, Kmt2a and Ash2l, inhibited the growth of tumor organoids, suggesting that the complex was the target of MI-136. Transcriptome analysis showed that the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway was the most significantly downregulated pathway by MI-136 treatment. Consistently, Men1, Kmt2a, and Ash2l knockout also repressed the expressions of the HIF target genes. Loss of Hif1a or Hif1b partially phenocopied the inhibition of the menin-MLL complex by MI-136 or mutations in term of tumor organoid growth. Further, we found that MEN1 was upregulated in human endometrial cancers, which were tightly correlated with the expression levels of HIF1A, and associated with poor prognosis. Importantly, MI-136 also significantly inhibited the growth of endometrial cancer organoids derived from patients. Thus, our study identified MI-136 as a potential inhibitor for endometrial cancer through regulating the HIF pathway, a novel molecular mechanism distinguished from those in AML and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Dai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Quan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanying Bi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feifei Na
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Bartosch C, Lopes JM, Jerónimo C. Epigenetics in endometrial carcinogenesis - part 1: DNA methylation. Epigenomics 2017; 9:737-755. [PMID: 28470096 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep multifactorial process that involves the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. In the past two decades, there has been an exponential growth of knowledge establishing the importance of epigenetic changes in cancer. Our work focused on reviewing the main role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, highlighting the reported results concerning each epigenetic mechanistic layer. The present review is the first part of this work, in which we examined the contribution of DNA methylation alterations for endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bartosch
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Department of Pathology & Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wu J, Tang Q, Yang L, Chen Y, Zheng F, Hann SS. Interplay of DNA methyltransferase 1 and EZH2 through inactivation of Stat3 contributes to β-elemene-inhibited growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:509. [PMID: 28360411 PMCID: PMC5428779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemene, a compound extracted from Curcuma wenyujin plant, exhibits anticancer activity in many cancer types. However, the detailed mechanism by which β-elemene inhibits growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells remains unknown. We showed that β-elemene reduced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), and protein expressions of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Exogenously expressed Stat3 antagonized the effect of β-elemene on DNMT1 and EZH2 expressions. Furthermore, overexpressions of DNMT1 and EZH2 reversed the effect of β-elemene on phosphorylation of Stat3 and cell growth inhibition. Intriguingly, exogenously expressed DNMT1 overcame β-elemene-inhibited EZH2 protein expression and promoter activity. On the contrary, silencing of EZH2 and DNMT1 genes feedback strengthened the effect of β-elemene on phosphorylation of Stat3. Consistent with this, β-elemene inhibited tumor growth, phosphorylation of Stat3, expressions of DNMT1 and EZH2 in a mouse xenograft model. Collectively, this study shows that β-elemene inhibits NPC cell growth via inactivation of Stat3, and reduces DNMT1 and EZH2 expressions. The interplay of DNMT1 and EZH2, and the mutual regulations among Stat3, EZH2 and DNMT1 contribute to the overall responses of β-elemene. This study uncovers a novel mechanism by which β-elemene inhibits growth of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Wu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - LiJuan Yang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - YuQing Chen
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
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Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy, but the molecular events involved in the development and progression of EC remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a member of DNA methyltransferases, in EC. AN3CA cells were transfected with DNMT1 siRNA. The proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of AN3CA cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The expression of related genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Knockdown of DNMT1 inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis, and G0/G1 phase arrest of AN3CA cells. Furthermore, knockdown of DNMT1 upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B-inhibitor alpha (NF-κBIA) and Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and CCND1/2 in AN3CA cells. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that knockdown of DNMT1 affects the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins in EC cells, suggesting the potential of DNMT1 in EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Che Q, Jiang FZ, Wang HH, Wang FY, Liao Y, Wan XP. Piwil1 causes epigenetic alteration of PTEN gene via upregulation of DNA methyltransferase in type I endometrial cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:876-80. [PMID: 26056945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piwil1, a member of the Piwi family, has been well demonstrated to mediate tumorigenesis associated with DNA hypermethylation. It has been reported that Piwil1 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including endometrial cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of Piwil1 in endometrial cancer remains largely unclear. PTEN exerts an important tumor suppressor role in endometrial carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate whether Piwil1 could regulate the expression of PTEN. Herein, we found that Piwil1 could promote the loss of PTEN expression and increase aberrant hypermethylation of PTEN gene promoter in Ishikawa cells. We also found that Piwil1 could regulate the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Silencing DNMT1 gene could upregulate the PTEN gene expression and change the methylation status of PTEN gene promoter in Ishikawa cells. These results suggested that Piwil1 caused the loss of PTEN expression through DNMT1-mediated PTEN hypermethylation. Taken together, these data provide a novel regulatory mechanism of Piwil1 in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Che
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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