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Hartmann KP, van Gogh M, Freitag PC, Kast F, Nagy-Davidescu G, Borsig L, Plückthun A. FAP-retargeted Ad5 enables in vivo gene delivery to stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2914-2928. [PMID: 37641405 PMCID: PMC10556229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface serine protease that is highly expressed on reactive stromal fibroblasts, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and generally absent in healthy adult tissues. FAP expression in the tumor stroma has been detected in more than 90% of all carcinomas, rendering CAFs excellent target cells for a tumor site-specific adenoviral delivery of cancer therapeutics. Here, we present a tropism-modified human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vector that targets FAP through trivalent, designed ankyrin repeat protein-based retargeting adapters. We describe the development and validation of these adapters via cell-based screening assays and demonstrate adapter-mediated Ad5 retargeting to FAP+ fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. We further show efficient in vivo delivery and in situ production of a therapeutic payload by CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in attenuated tumor growth. We thus propose using our FAP-Ad5 vector to convert CAFs into a "biofactory," secreting encoded cancer therapeutics into the TME to enable a safe and effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Patricia Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merel van Gogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kast
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Nagy-Davidescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Gornowicz A, Szymanowski W, Czarnomysy R, Bielawski K, Bielawska A. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies intensify the susceptibility of human gastric cancer cells to etoposide by promoting apoptosis, but not autophagy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255585. [PMID: 34437575 PMCID: PMC8389407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial disease with high mortality. Anti-HER2 therapy is a promising strategy in GC treatment and trastuzumab was approved by FDA (Food and Drug Administration) as the first and the second line of treatment of the disease. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a combination of etoposide with trastuzumab or pertuzumab in AGS gastric cancer cells and breast cancer cells such as MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954. METHODS AND FINDINGS The cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds against gastric and breast cancer cells were checked by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The anti-proliferative potential was analyzed by the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry was used to demonstrate the effect of the compounds on apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane potential, and the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were assessed. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes formation was checked by flow cytometry. The concentrations of Beclin-1, LC3A and LC3B were performed using ELISA. The expression of LC3A/B was also determined. The results from our study proved that the combination of etoposide with anti-HER2 antibodies was not cytotoxic against breast cancer cells, whereas the combination of etoposide with anti-HER2 antibodies decreased viability and DNA biosynthesis in gastric cancer cells. The interaction of etoposide with pertuzumab or trastuzumab induced programmed cell death via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in AGS gastric cancer cells, but did not affect autophagy, where a decrease of Beclin-1, LC3A and LC3B was observed in comparison with the untreated control. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that etoposide (12.5 μM) with pertuzumab represent a promising strategy in gastric cancer treatment, but further in vivo examinations are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Lu S, Chen H. Progress of Gastric Cancer Surgery in the era of Precision Medicine. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1041-1049. [PMID: 33867827 PMCID: PMC8040314 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of genomics, the update of modern imaging technology and the advent of artificial intelligence and big data, the surgical treatment of gastric cancer has gradually stepped into precision medicine. Precision surgery treatment of gastric cancer is based on accurate molecular typing and staging using modern molecular diagnostic technology and imaging, and the formulation of precise and individualized surgical treatment plans, with the concept of minimally invasive and accelerated rehabilitation surgery running through it. For intermediate-stage gastric cancer, we have adopted a comprehensive treatment approach including traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Utilize artificial intelligence and big data technology to improve the standardization and interconnectivity of specialty data and realize the transformation of evidence-based medicine. Promoting the standardization, standardization and individualization of gastric cancer surgical treatment, providing patients with precise diagnosis and treatment, and further improving patients' prognosis are the opportunities and challenges in the development of gastric cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of Trastuzumab in combination with Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin in first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer: HERXO trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 83:1175-1181. [PMID: 30927036 PMCID: PMC6779679 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The phase III ToGA trial established cisplatin, fluoropyrimidine and trastuzumab as the standard treatment in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, as demonstrated in HER2-negative AGC, oxaliplatin-based regimens could improve tolerance remaining effective. The aim of this trial was to explore the potential activity and safety of capecitabine, oxaliplatin (XELOX) and trastuzumab in patients with HER-2 positive advanced gastric cancer. Methods We conducted a multicentre, prospective, non-randomised, non-controlled, open-label and national (Spanish) phase II study. Patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction (EGJ) cancer received XELOX and trastuzumab as first-line treatment. Primary endpoint was objective tumour response rate (ORR). Results 45 patients from ten hospitals in Spain were included from September 2011 to December 2013. Median age was 65 years, 82.2% were male, 69% had gastric cancer and 31% had EGJ tumours. At a median follow-up of 13.7 months (7.1–20.9), the estimated median progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.1 (95% CI 5.5–8.7) and 13.8 months (95% CI 10.1–17.4), respectively, with 8.9%, 37.8% and 31.1% of patients achieving complete response, partial response and stable disease. Regarding safety, 44.4% of the patients had grade 3 or greater adverse events, being the most frequent diarrhoea (26.6%), fatigue (15.5%), nausea (20%) and vomiting (13.3%). Only two patients (4.4%) developed asymptomatic grade 2 left ventricle ejection fraction reduction. Conclusions XELOX-trastuzumab is a promising and effective therapy as first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive AGC, with comparable results to the ones obtained with other “platinum-based” regimens. This scheme is feasible and tolerable with a low incidence of cardiac toxicity.
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Pretreatment with Gemcitabine/5-Fluorouracil Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Trastuzumab to HER2-Negative Human Gallbladder Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9205851. [PMID: 31019975 PMCID: PMC6452559 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9205851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of standard clinical therapies including surgery and chemotherapy are poor in advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC). There are a few reported cases of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive GBC that responded well to trastuzumab. But trastuzumab has not yet been used to treat HER2-negative GBC. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of different combined therapies with trastuzumab and gemcitabine and/or 5-fluorouracil on HER2-negative GBC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Trastuzumab alone showed almost no cytotoxicity to GBC cells with originally low HER2 gene amplification. Sequential therapy with chemotherapy followed by trastuzumab showed superiority over reverse sequential chemotherapy (P<0.05), concurrent combined chemotherapy (P<0.05), chemotherapy alone (P<0.05), and trastuzumab alone (P<0.05) in terms of cytotoxicity. Sequential therapy with chemotherapy followed by trastuzumab nearly completely inhibited cell viability in HER2-negative GBC cells. Similar results were observed with regard to apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that gemcitabine/5-fluorouracil increased the expressions of total and phosphorylated forms of HER2, thus enhancing the cytotoxicity of trastuzumab. In vivo study verified the results of in vitro study by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay and immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, not only the lightest tumor bearing but also the best survival state was detected in sequential therapy with chemotherapy followed by trastuzumab group compared with other groups. Our in vivo and in vitro data suggest that sequential therapy with gemcitabine/5-fluorouracil followed by trastuzumab represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against HER2-negative GBC. The upregulation of phosphorylated HER2 and phosphorylated-AKT induced by gemcitabine/5-fluorouracil treatment shows that HER2/AKT pathway is triggered.
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Sun Z, Yue L, Shen Z, Li Y, Sui A, Li T, Tang Q, Yao R, Sun Y. Downregulation of NPM expression by Her-2 reduces resistance of gastric cancer to oxaliplatin. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2377-2384. [PMID: 28454407 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) are abnormally expressed in various types of human malignant tumors, including gastric cancer, and have been closely associated with cancer chemoresistance. However, their interaction and roles in oxaliplatin resistance are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between NPM and Her-2 in gastric cancer cell lines and clinical samples, and further investigated their role in the resistance of gastric cancer to oxaliplatin. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that NPM and Her-2 expression were significantly upregulated in gastric cancer cells and clinical samples, and that their expression levels were strongly correlated. However, Her-2 expression was not affected by upregulation or downregulation of NPM expression in gastric cancer cells. Cell counting kit-8 assays demonstrated that the cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin decreased simultaneously with an increase in NPM expression. Furthermore, inhibition of Her-2 expression using trastuzumab significantly increased the sensitivity of the cells to oxaliplatin, which occurred simultaneously with the downregulation of NPM. These results indicated that inhibition of NPM, as a Her-2 downstream signal, may be a novel strategy to overcome oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer, and that trastuzumab and oxaliplatin may exhibit a synergistic antitumor effect in Her-2-positive gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yue
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Sui
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Tianjun Li
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tang
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yongning Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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