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Takahashi A, Noro R, Takano N, Hisakane K, Takahashi S, Fukuizumi A, Omori M, Sugano T, Takeuchi S, Nakamichi S, Miyanaga A, Minegishi Y, Kubota K, Seike M, Gemma A. Carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin‑bound paclitaxel for the treatment of thymic carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:87. [PMID: 35251638 PMCID: PMC8892466 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic carcinoma is a relatively rare type of malignant tumor. The present retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced thymic carcinoma. The study included data from 12 patients with advanced thymic carcinoma treated in the Nippon Medical School Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). Response to treatment, patient survival and treatment safety were assessed. The objective response rate was 66.7% (8/12 patients). Disease control was achieved in 11 patients (91.7%). At the median follow-up time of 27.6 months (range, 6.2-75.1 months), the median progression-free survival and median first-line overall survival times were 16.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 13.2-37.7] and 14.3 months (95% CI, 4.7-54.6), respectively. There was no occurrence of febrile neutropenia or treatment-related death. The results of the present study showed that carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel was effective and safe. Therefore, it is a promising chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of advanced thymic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Rintaro Noro
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Kakeru Hisakane
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Aya Fukuizumi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Miwako Omori
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Teppei Sugano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Susumu Takeuchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamichi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyanaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Yuji Minegishi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8603, Japan
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Ose N, Kawagishi S, Funaki S, Kanou T, Fukui E, Kimura K, Minami M, Shintani Y. Thymic Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus: Experiences and Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4794. [PMID: 34638279 PMCID: PMC8507618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic lymphoepithelial carcinoma (TLEC) is a primary thymic carcinoma that accounts for about 14% of all thymic epithelial tumors and is classified into 14 types. The histological morphology is similar to lymphoepithelioma, a type of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It has been reported that squamous carcinoma accounts for approximately 80% of thymic carcinoma, followed by TLEC, which accounts for 6%. TLEC has been reported to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), with EBV infection in TLEC tumor cells first noted by Lyvraz et al. in 1985. Tumors shown to be EBV-positive are classified as TLEC if lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is lacking. However, only about 50% of the cases are positive for EBV, which is lower compared to nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma. Instances of EBV infection in other types of thymic epithelial tumor have been reported at lower rates, which suggests that EBV infection may have an important influence on the carcinogenesis of TLEC, though the etiology is unknown. TLEC is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis, as affected patients have a median survival time of 22 months, according to 58 cases from the literature, while the 5-year survival rate is 34.4%. Presently, prognosis is not considered to be affected by the presence or absence of EBV positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ose
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.); (T.K.); (E.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Sachi Kawagishi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi 541-8567, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.); (T.K.); (E.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Takashi Kanou
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.); (T.K.); (E.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.); (T.K.); (E.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.); (T.K.); (E.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Masato Minami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.); (T.K.); (E.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.F.); (T.K.); (E.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.)
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Araya T, Kita T, Matsuoka H, Sakai T, Kimura H, Kasahara K. Successful Treatment of Advanced Thymic Carcinoma with Carboplatin plus nab-Paclitaxel and Maintenance Monotherapy with nab-Paclitaxel: Two Case Reports. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 13:1506-1512. [PMID: 33564291 PMCID: PMC7841741 DOI: 10.1159/000510894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced thymic carcinoma has not yet been established. We treated 2 cases of thymic carcinoma with carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel, and nab−paclitaxel maintenance therapy. The first case was a 68-year-old female, admitted for dyspnea and left shoulder pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a huge mass in the anterior mediastinum, pleural and pericardial effusions, and multiple lung metastases. Specimens obtained from the anterior mediastinal mass by CT-guided needle biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus, which was in stage IVB. The patient was administered carboplatin plus nab−paclitaxel as first-line treatment. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, a partial response was observed with marked shrinkage of the tumor. Following 6 cycles of chemotherapy, nab−paclitaxel maintenance therapy was initiated. Disease progression was seen 9.1 months after initiation of treatment. The patient experienced no serious adverse events. The second case was a 70-year-old male who had productive cough, dyspnea, and right-sided chest pain. Chest CT revealed a huge mass in the anterior mediastinum, pericardial effusion, and multiple lymphadenopathies. Specimens obtained from station 11s by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration revealed undifferentiated thymic carcinoma, which was in stage IVB. Six cycles of carboplatin plus nab−paclitaxel were administered, followed by 5 cycles of nab−paclitaxel for maintenance. A partial response was seen, which was sustained for more than 13 months. The patient experienced no serious adverse events. These cases show that chemotherapy with carboplatin plus nab−paclitaxel and nab−paclitaxel as maintenance therapy can be a useful regimen for advanced thymic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Araya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tamami Sakai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hideharu Kimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kasahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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Kawagishi S, Ose N, Minami M, Funaki S, Kanou T, Kimura K, Taniguchi S, Morii E, Shintani Y. Total thymectomy for thymic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma-report of two cases. Surg Case Rep 2019; 5:158. [PMID: 31655916 PMCID: PMC6815289 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-019-0706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymic carcinoma has been classified into 12 subtypes, thymic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a type of them, and has a pathological organization similar to that of lymphoepithelioma, an undifferentiated type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. According to a report from the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG), thymic LELC is a rare tumor and accounts for 6% of all thymic carcinoma cases. We report two cases of surgical resection for thymic LELC and perform a search of other reports of thymic LELC, and clinical manifestations and follow-up data thus obtained are summarized. Case presentation Two patients underwent surgical resection for thymic LELC. In both, tumors were detected in the anterior mediastinum and a total thymectomy was performed. Each was diagnosed with thymic LELC and classified in accordance with the Masaoka staging system as modified stage II. In recent examinations, one patient was doing well after undergoing total resection, whereas early recurrence of distant lymph node metastasis was noted in the other at 5 months after the total resection procedure and died thereafter from a different disease. Conclusion We report two cases of surgical resection for thymic LELC. A successful total resection may positively affect prognosis: thus, long-term follow-up examinations must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Kawagishi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2(L5), Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Ose
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2(L5), Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0971, Japan.
| | - Masato Minami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2(L5), Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2(L5), Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanou
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2(L5), Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2(L5), Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Funaishi K, Yamasaki M, Saito N, Daido W, Ishiyama S, Deguchi N, Taniwaki M, Ohashi N. First-Line Treatment with Carboplatin plus nab-Paclitaxel and Maintenance Monotherapy with nab-Paclitaxel for a Thymic Carcinoma: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2017; 10:571-576. [PMID: 28868014 PMCID: PMC5567109 DOI: 10.1159/000477758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic carcinomas are rare malignant tumors, located in the anterior mediastinum. For the treatment of these carcinomas, several chemotherapy regimens have been suggested, including carboplatin plus paclitaxel. However, because of the rarity of these tumors, the standard chemotherapy regimen has not yet been established. Here, we report a case of thymic carcinoma that responded to first-line carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) therapy with continuation maintenance nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. A 78-year-old male presented to a hospital with the chief complaint of dyspnea. Cardiomegaly was detected on chest X-ray scans, and marked pericardial effusion was observed by echocardiography. Chest computed tomography scans revealed the presence of a mediastinal mass, pericardial thickening, and pericardial effusion. The serum levels of the tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin-19 fragment) were elevated. Eventually, he was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus, which was staged as cT4N3M0 or stage IV (according to the tumor-node-metastasis classification). Chemotherapy with carboplatin on day 1 and nab-paclitaxel on days 1, 8, and 15, every 4 weeks was initiated. After the administration of 4 cycles of this regimen, the tumor diameter appeared reduced, and the serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were normalized. After a 1-month interval, the serum CYFRA 21-1 levels increased again; therefore, maintenance nab-paclitaxel monotherapy was initiated. At the end of the treatment, the patient experienced a progression-free survival of 10.3 months. Carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel may be an appropriate alternative first-line treatment for thymic carcinomas. Additionally, maintenance nab-paclitaxel monotherapy may prolong the progression-free survivals of patients with thymic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Funaishi
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naomi Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mazda Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wakako Daido
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishiyama
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoko Deguchi
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Taniwaki
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohashi
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Ohashi Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan
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Zulfiqar B, Mahroo A, Nasir K, Farooq RK, Jalal N, Rashid MU, Asghar K. Nanomedicine and cancer immunotherapy: focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:463-476. [PMID: 28176942 PMCID: PMC5268369 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine application in cancer immunotherapy is currently one of the most challenging areas in cancer therapeutic intervention. Innovative solutions have been provided by nanotechnology to deliver cytotoxic agents to the cancer cells partially affecting the healthy cells of the body during the process. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery is an emerging approach to stimulate the immune responses against cancer. The inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a pivotal area of research in cancer immunotherapy. IDO is a heme-containing immunosuppressive enzyme, which is responsible for the degradation of tryptophan while increasing the concentration of kynurenine metabolites. Various preclinical studies showed that IDO inhibition in certain diseases may result in significant therapeutic effects. Here, we provide a review of the natural and synthetic inhibitors of IDO. These inhibitors are classified according to their source, inhibitory concentrations, the chemical structure, and the mechanism of action. Tumor-targeted chemotherapy is an advanced technique and has more advantages as compared to the conventional chemotherapy. Search for more efficient and less toxic nanoparticles in conjunction with compounds to inhibit IDO is still an area of interest for several research groups worldwide, especially revealing to be an extensive and a promising area in cancer therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Zulfiqar
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad
| | - Amnah Mahroo
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad
| | - Kaenat Nasir
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Jalal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Asghar
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad; Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
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