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Prostanoid Signaling in Cancers: Expression and Regulation Patterns of Enzymes and Receptors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040590. [PMID: 35453789 PMCID: PMC9029281 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated disturbance of prostanoid signaling provides an aberrant accumulation of prostanoids. This signaling consists of 19 target genes, encoding metabolic enzymes and G-protein-coupled receptors, and prostanoids (prostacyclin, thromboxane, and prostaglandins E2, F2α, D2, H2). The study addresses the systems biology analysis of target genes in 24 solid tumors using a data mining pipeline. We analyzed differential expression patterns of genes and proteins, promoter methylation status as well as tissue-specific master regulators and microRNAs. Tumor types were clustered into several groups according to gene expression patterns. Target genes were characterized as low mutated in tumors, with the exception of melanoma. We found at least six ubiquitin ligases and eight protein kinases that post-translationally modified the most connected proteins PTGES3 and PTGIS. Models of regulation of PTGIS and PTGIR gene expression in lung and uterine cancers were suggested. For the first time, we found associations between the patient’s overall survival rates with nine multigene transcriptomics signatures in eight tumors. Expression patterns of each of the six target genes have predictive value with respect to cytostatic therapy response. One of the consequences of the study is an assumption of prostanoid-dependent (or independent) tumor phenotypes. Thus, pharmacologic targeting the prostanoid signaling could be a probable additional anticancer strategy.
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Sheehan SA, Hamilton KL, Retzbach EP, Balachandran P, Krishnan H, Leone P, Lopez-Gonzalez M, Suryavanshi S, Kumar P, Russo R, Goldberg GS. Evidence that Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL) exerts pleiotropic actions on oral squamous cells with potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease progression. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112594. [PMID: 33823179 PMCID: PMC8019238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 was declared an international public health emergency in January, and a pandemic in March of 2020. There are over 125 million confirmed COVID-19 cases that have caused over 2.7 million deaths worldwide as of March 2021. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 presents a surface "spike" protein that binds to the ACE2 receptor to infect host cells. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-Cov-2 can also infect cells of the oral mucosa, which also express the ACE2 receptor. The spike and ACE2 proteins are highly glycosylated with sialic acid modifications that direct viral-host interactions and infection. Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL) has a strong affinity for sialic acid modified proteins and can be used as an antiviral agent. Here, we report that MASL targets the ACE2 receptor, decreases ACE2 expression and glycosylation, suppresses binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and decreases expression of inflammatory mediators by oral epithelial cells that cause ARDS in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we report that MASL also inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of kidney epithelial cells in culture. This work identifies MASL as an agent with potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 related inflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Biology, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Kelly L. Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Biology, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Edward P. Retzbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661, USA
| | - Paola Leone
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Cell and Gene Therapy Center, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Moises Lopez-Gonzalez
- Regional Bio-containment Laboratory, Center for COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness (CRP2), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Shraddha Suryavanshi
- Regional Bio-containment Laboratory, Center for COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness (CRP2), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Regional Bio-containment Laboratory, Center for COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness (CRP2), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Regional Bio-containment Laboratory, Center for COVID-19 Response and Pandemic Preparedness (CRP2), Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Gary S. Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, And Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA,Corresponding author. B307 Science Center, Molecular Biology, Rowan-SOM, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
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Hamilton KL, Sheehan SA, Retzbach EP, Timmerman CA, Gianneschi GB, Tempera PJ, Balachandran P, Goldberg GS. Effects of Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) gene expression and transcriptional signaling pathways. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:445-457. [PMID: 33205348 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral cancer causes over 120,000 deaths annually and affects the quality of life for survivors. Over 90% of oral cancers are derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCCs) which are generally resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. OSCC cells often exhibit increased TGFβ and PDPN receptor activity compared to nontransformed oral epithelial cells. Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL) can target the PDPN receptor and has been identified as a novel agent that can be used to treat oral cancer. However, mechanisms by which MASL inhibits OSCC progression are not yet clearly defined. METHODS Here, we performed cell migration and cytotoxicity assays to assess the effects of MASL on OSCC motility and viability at physiologically relevant concentrations. We then performed comprehensive transcriptome analysis combined with transcription factor reporter assays to investigate the how MASL affects OSCC gene expression at these concentration. Key data were then confirmed by western blotting to evaluate the effects of MASL on gene expression and kinase signaling activity at the protein level. RESULTS MASL significantly affected the expression of about 27% of approximately 15,000 genes found to be expressed by HSC-2 cells used to model OSCC cells in this study. These genes affected by MASL include members of the TGFβ-SMAD, JAK-STAT, and Wnt-βCTN signaling pathways. In particular, MASL decreased expression of PDPN, SOX2, and SMAD5 at the RNA and protein levels. MASL also inhibited SMAD and MAPK activity, and exhibited potential for combination therapy with doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, results from this study indicate that MASL decreases activity of JAK-STAT, TGFβ-SMAD, and Wnt-βCTN signaling pathways to inhibit OSCC growth and motility. These data suggest that further studies should be undertaken to determine how MASL may also be used alone and in combination with other agents to treat oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Edward P Retzbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Clinton A Timmerman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Garret B Gianneschi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Patrick J Tempera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA.
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Sheehan SA, Hamilton KL, Retzbach EP, Balachandran P, Krishnan H, Leone P, Goldberg GS. Evidence that Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL) exerts pleiotropic actions on oral squamous cells to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease progression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2020:rs.3.rs-93851. [PMID: 33106801 PMCID: PMC7587785 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-93851/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 was declared an international public health emergency in January, and a pandemic in March of 2020. There are over 23 million confirmed COVID-19 cases that have cause over 800 thousand deaths worldwide as of August 19th, 2020. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 presents a surface "spike" protein that binds to the ACE2 receptor to infect host cells. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-Cov-2 can also infect cells of the oral mucosa, which also express the ACE2 receptor. The spike and ACE2 proteins are highly glycosylated with sialic acid modifications that direct viral-host interactions and infection. Maackia amurensis seed lectin (MASL) has a strong affinity for sialic acid modified proteins and can be used as an antiviral agent. Here, we report that MASL targets the ACE2 receptor, decreases ACE2 expression and glycosylation, suppresses binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and decreases expression of inflammatory mediators by oral epithelial cells that cause ARDS in COVID-19 patients. This work identifies MASL as an agent with potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 related inflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Kelly L. Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Edward P. Retzbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Premalatha Balachandran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Paola Leone
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Cell and Gene Therapy Center, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Gary S. Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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Yun M, Choi AJ, Woo SR, Noh JK, Sung JY, Lee JW, Eun YG. Inhibition of Carbonyl Reductase 1 Enhances Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma through β-catenin-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Cancer 2020; 11:533-541. [PMID: 31942176 PMCID: PMC6959035 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) plays key roles in the regulation of oxidative stress and tumor progression. However, the detailed mechanism and clinical correlation between CBR1 and tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely unexplored. This study will focus the effects of CBR1 on head and neck cancer progression and explore the possible mechanisms. Materials and Methods:CBR1 mRNA expression was analyzed according to lymph node metastasis (LNM) status in patients with HNSCC from publicly available databases. CBR1 protein levels were measured and compared in HNSCC patient tissues, with or without metastasis, using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The invasive ability of HNSCC with modulated CBR1 expression was assayed using an invasion assay. Expression levels of EMT marker proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting. Results: HNSCC patients with LNM showed lower expression of CBR1 than those without LNM. In addition, IHC in tissues indicated that patients with LNM had relatively lower levels of CBR1 in cancer tissue. Consistently, in vitro invasion assay, we found that CBR1 inhibition using specific short interfering RNA treatment resulted in two- to three-fold increased invasion ability of HNSCC cell lines. Also, we proved that depletion of CBR1 activated marker proteins participating in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. CBR1 inhibition increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HNSCC cells leading to upregulation of β-catenin, one of main transcription factors that induce EMT-related genes. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that CBR1 plays an important role in metastasis of HNSCC tumors via regulation of ROS-mediated β-catenin activity, and that CBR1 may be marker for progression of HNSCC to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyong Yun
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University
| | - Ae Jin Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Seon Rang Woo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Joo Kyung Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University
| | - Ji-Youn Sung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
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