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Silencing of Gal-7 inhibits TGF-β 1-induced apoptosis of human airway epithelial cells through JNK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 375:100-105. [PMID: 30594507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis of epithelial cells is regarded as the initial pathological process of many lung diseases, including asthma. Previous studies have identified that galectin-7 (Gal-7), a regulator of apoptosis, was overexpressed in bronchial epithelial cells in asthma. However, the effect and mechanism of Gal-7 in the progression of asthma is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of Gal-7 in the apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B upon TGF-β1 stimulation. TGF-β1 significantly induced apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells, as determined by flow cytometry. Western blot results revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of Gal-7 were obviously increased after TGF-β1 stimulation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Gal-7 abrogated TGF-β1-evoked cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, increased Bcl-2 expression, decreased Bax expression and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 activity were also monitored in TGF-β1-treated cells after Gal-7 siRNA transfection. Gal-7 silence also inhibited TGF-β1-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, anisomycin, a specific activator for JNK, reversed the effect of Gal-7 siRNA on cell apoptosis induced by TGF-β1. These results demonstrate that Gal-7 silence attenuates TGF-β1-induced apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells through the inactivation of JNK pathway. Therefore, Gal-7 may act as a potential target for asthma treatment.
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Li H, Cao R, Bai L, Qiao XM, Zhao YQ. Lefty promotes the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells by inhibiting nodal expression. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1259-1264. [PMID: 29663570 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Obstetric Department; The Maternity Hospital of DaLian; Dalian 116033 China
| | - Rui Cao
- Gynecology Department; The Maternity Hospital of DaLian; Dalian 116033 China
| | - Liang Bai
- Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department; The First Affiliated Hospital of DaLian Medical University; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xin-min Qiao
- Obstetric Department; The Maternity Hospital of DaLian; Dalian 116033 China
| | - Yong-qin Zhao
- Obstetric Department; The Maternity Hospital of DaLian; Dalian 116033 China
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Feng XL, Fei HZ, Hu L. Dexamethasone induced apoptosis of A549 cells via the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2801-2806. [PMID: 29435007 PMCID: PMC5778831 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, and are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dexamethasone (DEX) serves an important function in the regulation of lung cancer cell proliferation; however, the mechanisms involved still remain unknown. In the present study, the effects of DEX on A549 cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined, in addition to the potential downstream regulatory mechanisms underlying these effects. A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of DEX at 12, 24 and 48 h time points, followed by the addition of SB431542, an inhibitor of the TGF-β1 receptor, to block the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a 3-(4,5-diethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt. The apoptosis rate was measured by Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smad family member 2 (Smad2) and caspase-3 were assessed by western blot. The results from the present study demonstrated that the proliferation of A549 cells decreased and the apoptosis rate significantly increased following DEX treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2 and caspase-3 were significantly increased following DEX stimulation (P<0.05), the effects of which were abrogated by the addition of the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, SB431542 (P<0.05). DEX-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, and this effect was abrogated by SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor signaling, which indicated that the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway may be associated with this process and SB431542 may function as an antitumor drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Feng
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Zhi Fei
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
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Pang M, Wang H, Rao P, Zhao Y, Xie J, Cao Q, Wang Y, Wang YM, Lee VW, Alexander SI, Harris DCH, Zheng G. Autophagy links β-catenin and Smad signaling to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition via upregulation of integrin linked kinase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:123-34. [PMID: 27177845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy in a variety of cells. However, the role of autophagy in TGF-β1-induced EMT has not been clearly elucidated and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we found that TGF-β1 induced both autophagy and EMT in mouse tubular epithelial C1.1 cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or siRNA knockdown of Beclin 1 reduced TGF-β1-induced increase of vimentin and decreased E-cadherin expression. In contrast, rapamycin-associated enhancement of TGF-β1-induced autophagy increased EMT of C1.1 cells. Serum rescue inhibited autophagy followed by reversal of EMT. Blocking of autophagosome-lysosomal but not proteosomal degradation reduced the decrease of E-cadherin, demonstrating a role for autophagy in degradation of E-cadherin during EMT. Autophagy promoted the activation of Src and Src-associated phosphorylation of β-catenin at Y-654 leading to pY654-β-catenin/p-Smad2 complex formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated binding by the pY654-β-catenin/p-Smad2 complex to ILK promoter thus increasing ILK expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TGF-β1-induced autophagy links β-catenin and Smad signaling to promote EMT in C1.1 cells through a novel pY654-β-catenin/p-Smad2/ILK pathway. The pathway delineated links disruption of E-cadherin/β-catenin-mediated cell-cell contact to induction of EMT via upregulation of ILK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia; Dept. of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia; Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Padmashree Rao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ye Zhao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jun Xie
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Vincent W Lee
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia; Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Xu C, Zhou X, Wang W, Zheng R, Hu W, Wu P. Lefty-1 alleviates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in NRK-49F cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4669-78. [PMID: 26316705 PMCID: PMC4544629 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation and proliferation are important for fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation, a crucial process in the pathological changes that define renal interstitial fibrosis. The left–right determination factor (Lefty) is an important cytokine of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family, with two variants, Lefty-1 and Lefty-2, in mice. Lefty has diverse functions, such as the regulation of embryonic development, the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling, and the suppression of tumor activity. However, whether Lefty-1 influences fibroblast activation and proliferation, and consequently prevents fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether Lefty-1 can attenuate TGF-β1-induced fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast cells (NRK-49F), as well as the mechanisms underlying any effects. Results showed that the typical fibroblast cell morphology of NRK-49F cells was altered after TGF-β1 treatment and that Lefty-1 significantly prevented this change in a dose-dependent manner. Further analyses demonstrated decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, collagen I(A1), alpha-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin expression. Lefty-1 further induced remarkable reductions in TGF-β1-induced Smad3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-10/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK-3) signaling, and enhanced expression of the antifibrotic factor bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-5. However, without TGF-β1, Lefty-1 had no effect on Smad3, JNK-3, and BMP-5 activation and fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Taken together, these findings indicate that Lefty-1 can alleviate TGF-β1-mediated activation and the proliferation of fibroblasts. Furthermore, Lefty-1 may prevent fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation in part via modulations of Smad3, JNK-3, and BMP-5 activities in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Renping Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Han Y, Jiang Q, Gao H, Fan J, Wang Z, Zhong F, Zheng Y, Gong Z, Wang C. The Anti-apoptotic Effect of Polypeptide from Chlamys farreri (PCF) in UVB-Exposed HaCaT Cells Involves Inhibition of iNOS and TGF-β1. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:1105-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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