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Yonamine CY, Michalani MLE, Moreira RJ, Machado UF. Glucose Transport and Utilization in the Hippocampus: From Neurophysiology to Diabetes-Related Development of Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16480. [PMID: 38003671 PMCID: PMC10671460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of diabetes with cognitive dysfunction has at least 60 years of history, which started with the observation that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), who had recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia and consequently low glucose supply to the brain, showed a deficit of cognitive capacity. Later, the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and dementia in aged populations revealed their high association, in which a reduced neuronal glucose supply has also been considered as a key mechanism, despite hyperglycemia. Here, we discuss the role of glucose in neuronal functioning/preservation, and how peripheral blood glucose accesses the neuronal intracellular compartment, including the exquisite glucose flux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the complex network of glucose transporters, in dementia-related areas such as the hippocampus. In addition, insulin resistance-induced abnormalities in the hippocampus of obese/T2D patients, such as inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial stress, increased generation of advanced glycated end products and BBB dysfunction, as well as their association with dementia/Alzheimer's disease, are addressed. Finally, we discuss how these abnormalities are accompained by the reduction in the expression and translocation of the high capacity insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 in hippocampal neurons, which leads to neurocytoglycopenia and eventually to cognitive dysfunction. This knowledge should further encourage investigations into the beneficial effects of promising therapeutic approaches which could improve central insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 expression, to fight diabetes-related cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Yogi Yonamine
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Maria Luiza Estimo Michalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.L.E.M.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Rafael Junges Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.L.E.M.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (M.L.E.M.); (R.J.M.)
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Calixto GMF, Muniz BV, Castro SR, de Araujo JSM, de Souza Amorim K, Ribeiro LNM, Ferreira LEN, de Araújo DR, de Paula E, Franz-Montan M. Mucoadhesive, Thermoreversible Hydrogel, Containing Tetracaine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical, Intranasal Needle-Free Anesthesia. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1760. [PMID: 34834175 PMCID: PMC8617820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have been reported for needle-free local anesthesia in maxillary teeth by administering a nasal spray of tetracaine (TTC) and oxymetazoline, without causing pain, fear, and stress. This work aimed to assess whether a TTC-loaded hybrid system could reduce cytotoxicity, promote sustained permeation, and increase the anesthetic efficacy of TTC for safe, effective, painless, and prolonged analgesia of the maxillary teeth in dental procedures. The hybrid system based on TTC (4%) encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and incorporated into a thermoreversible hydrogel of poloxamer 407 (TTCNLC-HG4%) displayed desirable rheological, mechanical, and mucoadhesive properties for topical application in the nasal cavity. Compared to control formulations, the use of TTCNLC-HG4% slowed in vitro permeation of the anesthetic across the nasal mucosa, maintained cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells, and provided a three-fold increase in analgesia duration, as observed using the tail-flick test in mice. The results obtained here open up perspectives for future clinical evaluation of the thermoreversible hybrid hydrogel, which contains TTC-loaded NLC, with the aim of creating an effective, topical, intranasal, needle-free anesthesia for use in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Bruno Vilela Muniz
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Simone R. Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil; (S.R.C.); (E.d.P.)
| | - Jaiza Samara Macena de Araujo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Klinger de Souza Amorim
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
| | - Lígia N. M. Ribeiro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia-UFU, Uberlandia 38405-302, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Eneida de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-872, Brazil; (S.R.C.); (E.d.P.)
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil; (G.M.F.C.); (B.V.M.); (J.S.M.d.A.); (K.d.S.A.)
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Dai SH, Li YW, Hong QX, Su T, Xu SY. Exaggerated activities of TRPM7 underlie bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cells preconditioned with high glucose. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22826. [PMID: 34060177 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is considered a risk factor for the enhancement of local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a kinase-coupled cation channel, has been implicated in a variety of neuropathological processes, including intracellular calcium disturbance and high glucose-induced neuropathy. In this study, we investigated whether TRPM7-related pathophysiology is involved in bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and how hyperglycemia acts as a risk factor. For initial neurotoxicity evaluation, it was confirmed that cell damage and apoptosis induced by acute exposure to bupivacaine were dependent on its concentration and glucose preconditioning. High glucose preconditioning facilitated the bupivacaine-induced fast and temporary rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ), which was attributed to both calcium influx through TRPM7 and calcium store release. Additionally, bupivacaine was shown to increase TRPM7-like currents, particularly in cells preconditioned with high glucose. Bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in hyperglycemia was correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Inhibition of TRPM7 and ERK activity alleviates bupivacaine neurotoxicity. These results suggest that therapeutically targeting TRPM7-related pathophysiological changes could be a potential strategy for treating local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity exacerbated by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Hua Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Wen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health, Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Xiong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Su
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Enteric glial cells exert neuroprotection from hyperglycemia-induced damage via Akt/GSK3β pathway. Neuroreport 2021; 32:875-881. [PMID: 34029286 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enteric glial cells (EGCs) can activate multiple pathways to inhibit the deleterious effects of acute and chronic insults. Our aim was to test the effect of EGCs on hyperglycemia-induced neuron damage and its underlying intracellular mechanisms. METHODS A coculture model composed of EGCs and neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was established to examine glial-mediated neuroprotection under high glucose conditions. The cell counting assay kit CCK-8 was used to measure cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to measure the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), change of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β were tested using western blot. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose (≥35 mM) reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, enhanced ROS generation and decrease of MMP were observed in SH-SY5Y cells when treated with high glucose. Furthermore, high glucose also caused SH-SY5Y cells arrest in G2 phase and apoptosis, accompanied by decreasing cyclin D1 and E2, and upregulating Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Coculture EGC lines or EGC-conditioned medium with SH-SY5Y prevented the neurotoxic effects. The p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratios were dramatically decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after high glucose incubation, which was restored after coculture with EGCs. CONCLUSIONS EGCs can protect neurons from hyperglycemia-induced injury by activating the Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Gao X, He D, Liu D, Hu G, Zhang Y, Meng T, Su Y, Zhou A, Huang B, Du J, Fu S. Beta-naphthoflavone inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells via AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1-NF-κB signaling axis. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151965. [PMID: 32747020 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that over-activation of microglia could cause neuroinflammation and release pro-inflammatory mediators, which could result in neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease etc. Beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in borderline tissues, but BNF has not been reported the effect associated with neuroinflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is to inquiry the impact and mechanism of BNF on neuroinflammation. The results indicated that BNF significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) andinterleukin-6 (IL-6)) in LPS-exposed BV-2 cells. Analysis of western blot results found that BNF accelerated the activation of AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway and suppressed NF-κB pathway activation. Further study showed that BNF inhibited activation of NF-κB pathway via promoting HO-1, and SnPP IX (a HO-1 inhibitor) could inhibit anti-inflammatory function of BNF. We also found that BNF reduced the apoptosis rate of Human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y) and mouse hippocampal neuron cell line (HT22) by inhibiting release of inflammatory mediators in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. In a word, our results suggested that BNF could inhibit inflammatory response via AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1-NF-κB signaling axis in BV-2 cells and exerts neuroprotective impact via inhibiting the activation of BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Dewei He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yufei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Tianyu Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yingchun Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bingxu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jian Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Onphachanh X, Lee HJ, Lim JR, Jung YH, Kim JS, Chae CW, Lee SJ, Gabr AA, Han HJ. Enhancement of high glucose-induced PINK1 expression by melatonin stimulates neuronal cell survival: Involvement of MT 2 /Akt/NF-κB pathway. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28580603 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a representative hallmark and risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and is closely linked to DM-associated neuronal cell death. Previous investigators reported on a genome-wide association study and showed relationships between DM and melatonin receptor (MT), highlighting the role of MT signaling by assessing melatonin in DM. However, the role of MT signaling in DM pathogenesis is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of mitophagy regulators in high glucose-induced neuronal cell death and the effect of melatonin against high glucose-induced mitophagy regulators in neuronal cells. In our results, high glucose significantly increased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and LC-3B expressions; as well it decreased cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 expression and Mitotracker™ fluorescence intensity. Silencing of PINK1 induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential impairment, increased expressions of cleaved caspases, and increased the number of annexin V-positive cells. In addition, high glucose-stimulated melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) mRNA and PINK1 expressions were reversed by ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine pretreatment. Upregulation of PINK1 expression in neuronal cells is suppressed by pretreatment with MT2 receptor-specific inhibitor 4-P-PDOT. We further showed melatonin stimulated Akt phosphorylation, which was followed by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Silencing of PINK1 expression abolished melatonin-regulated mitochondrial ROS production, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions, and the number of annexin V-positive cells. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the melatonin stimulates PINK1 expression via an MT2 /Akt/NF-κB pathway, and such stimulation is important for the prevention of neuronal cell apoptosis under high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaykham Onphachanh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Forest Resource, Souphanouvong University, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Amr Ahmed Gabr
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Suwanjang W, Prachayasittikul S, Prachayasittikul V. Effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells under high glucose. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2389. [PMID: 27635352 PMCID: PMC5012261 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinoline and derivatives exhibit multifunctional properties, including antioxidant, antineurodegenerative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. In biological systems, elevation of intracellular calcium can cause calpain activation, leading to cell death. Here, the effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline or clioquinol and 8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline or nitroxoline) on calpain-dependent (calpain-calpastatin) pathways in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells was investigated. 8-Hydroxyquinoline and derivatives ameliorated high glucose toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The investigated compounds, particularly clioquinol, attenuated the increased expression of calpain, even under high-glucose conditions. 8-Hydroxyquinoline and derivatives thus adversely affected the promotion of neuronal cell death by high glucose via the calpain-calpastatin signaling pathways. These findings support the beneficial effects of 8-hydroxyquinolines for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Niccoli T, Cabecinha M, Tillmann A, Kerr F, Wong CT, Cardenes D, Vincent AJ, Bettedi L, Li L, Grönke S, Dols J, Partridge L. Increased Glucose Transport into Neurons Rescues Aβ Toxicity in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2291-300. [PMID: 27524482 PMCID: PMC5026704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism is a prominent feature of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disease progression is associated with a reduction in glucose transporters in both neurons and endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. However, whether increasing glucose transport into either of these cell types offers therapeutic potential remains unknown. Using an adult-onset Drosophila model of Aβ (amyloid beta) toxicity, we show that genetic overexpression of a glucose transporter, specifically in neurons, rescues lifespan, behavioral phenotypes, and neuronal morphology. This amelioration of Aβ toxicity is associated with a reduction in the protein levels of the unfolded protein response (UPR) negative master regulator Grp78 and an increase in the UPR. We further demonstrate that genetic downregulation of Grp78 activity also protects against Aβ toxicity, confirming a causal effect of its alteration on AD-related pathology. Metformin, a drug that stimulates glucose uptake in cells, mimicked these effects, with a concomitant reduction in Grp78 levels and rescue of the shortened lifespan and climbing defects of Aβ-expressing flies. Our findings demonstrate a protective effect of increased neuronal uptake of glucose against Aβ toxicity and highlight Grp78 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Niccoli
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Melissa Cabecinha
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Tillmann
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Fiona Kerr
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chi T Wong
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dalia Cardenes
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alec J Vincent
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucia Bettedi
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sebastian Grönke
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Dols
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment (GEE), University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Hydroxytyrosol improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress in the brain of db/db mice: role of AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1667-76. [PMID: 25885653 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a major polyphenolic compound found in olive oil with reported anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the neuroprotective effect of HT on type 2 diabetes remains unknown. In the present study, db/db mice and SH-SY-5Y neuroblastoma cells were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of HT. After 8 weeks of HT administration at doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg, expression levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/II/IV and the activity of complex I were significantly elevated in the brain of db/db mice. Likewise, targets of the antioxidative transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 including p62 (sequestosome-1), haeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2 increased, and protein oxidation significantly decreased. HT treatment was also found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 and PPARγ coactivator-1α, which constitute an energy-sensing protein network known to regulate mitochondrial function and oxidative stress responses. Meanwhile, neuronal survival indicated by neuron marker expression levels including activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and nerve growth factor was significantly improved by HT administration. Additionally, in a high glucose-induced neuronal cell damage model, HT effectively increased mitochondrial complex IV and HO-1 expression through activating AMPK pathway, followed by the prevention of high glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species and declines of cell viability and VO2 capacity. Our observations suggest that HT improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress potentially through activation of the AMPK pathway in the brain of db/db mice.
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