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Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang A, Li J, Wang J, Yuan J, Wei X, Xing F, Zhang W, Xing N. The neuroprotective mechanism of sevoflurane in rats with traumatic brain injury via FGF2. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:51. [PMID: 35177106 PMCID: PMC8855620 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of acquired brain injury, which is caused by external mechanical forces. Moreover, the neuroprotective role of sevoflurane (Sevo) has been identified in TBI. Therefore, this research was conducted to figure out the mechanism of Sevo in TBI via FGF2. Methods The key factors of neuroprotective effects of Sevo in TBI rats were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. A TBI model was induced on rats that then inhaled Sevo for 1 h and grouped via lentivirus injection. Modified Neurological Severity Score was adopted to evaluate neuronal damage in rats, followed by motor function and brain water content measurement. FGF2, EZH2, and HES1 expression in brain tissues was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, and expression of related genes and autophagy factors by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Methylation-specific PCR was performed to assess HES1 promoter methylation level, and ChIP assay to detect the enrichment of EZH2 in the HES1 promoter. Neuronal damage was assessed by cell immunofluorescence staining, and neuronal apoptosis by Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry. Results Sevo diminished brain edema, improved neurological scores, and decreased neuronal apoptosis and autophagy in TBI rats. Sevo preconditioning could upregulate FGF2 that elevated EZH2 expression, and EZH2 bound to the HES1 promoter to downregulate HES1 in TBI rats. Also, FGF2 or EZH2 overexpression or HES silencing decreased brain edema, neurological deficits, and neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in Sevo-treated TBI rats. Conclusions Our results provided a novel insight to the neuroprotective mechanism of Sevo in TBI rats by downregulating HES1 via FGF2/EZH2 axis activation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02348-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Learoyd AE, Calmus R, Cunningham CN, England TJ, Farr TD, Fone KC, Kendall DA, O’Sullivan SE, Trueman RC. A pilot of the feasibility and usefulness of an aged obese model for use in stroke research. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:104. [PMID: 34095511 PMCID: PMC8167504 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16592.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal models of stroke have been criticised as having poor predictive validity, lacking risk factors prevalent in an aging population. This pilot study examined the development of comorbidities in a combined aged and high-fat diet model, and then examined the feasibility of modelling stroke in such rats. Methods: Twelve-month old male Wistar-Han rats (n=15) were fed a 60% fat diet for 8 months during which monthly serial blood samples were taken to assess the development of metabolic syndrome and pro-inflammatory markers. Following this, to pilot the suitability of these rats for undergoing surgical models of stroke, they underwent 30min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) alongside younger controls fed a standard diet (n=10). Survival, weight and functional outcome were monitored, and blood vessels and tissues collected for analysis. Results: A high fat diet in aged rats led to substantial obesity. These rats did not develop type 2 diabetes or hypertension. There was thickening of the thoracic arterial wall and vacuole formation in the liver; but of the cytokines examined changes were not seen. MCAO surgery and behavioural assessment was possible in this model (with some caveats discussed in manuscript). Conclusions: This study shows MCAO is possible in aged, obese rats. However, this model is not ideal for recapitulating the complex comorbidities commonly seen in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Calmus
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Tim J. England
- Division of Medical Sciences & GEM, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, NHS trust, Derby, DE22 3NE, UK
| | - Tracy D. Farr
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kevin C.F. Fone
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Saoirse E. O’Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences & GEM, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Trueman
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Chen B, Lin M, Chen S, Chen W, Song J, Zhang Y. Mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is an extremely complex disease that can be caused by a variety of factors. Cerebral ischemia can cause great harm to human body. Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is frequently used in clinic, and has a lot of advantages, such as quick induction of general anesthesia, quick anesthesia recovery, no respiratory tract irritation, muscle relaxation, and small cycle effect. The mechanism of sevoflurane preconditioning or post-treatment induction is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and also provide theoretical guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310053 , China
| | - Minqiu Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310053 , China
| | - Simiao Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310053 , China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310053 , China
| | - Jingmei Song
- Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310053 , China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310053 , China
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Obesity Drives Delayed Infarct Expansion, Inflammation, and Distinct Gene Networks in a Mouse Stroke Model. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:331-346. [PMID: 32588199 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic peripheral inflammation, is a risk factor for stroke, and causes increased infarct sizes. To characterize how obesity increases infarct size, we fed a high-fat diet to wild-type C57BL/6J mice for either 6 weeks or 15 weeks and then induced distal middle cerebral artery strokes. We found that infarct expansion happened late after stroke. There were no differences in cortical neuroinflammation (astrogliosis, microgliosis, or pro-inflammatory cytokines) either prior to or 10 h after stroke, and also no differences in stroke size at 10 h. However, by 3 days after stroke, animals fed a high-fat diet had a dramatic increase in microgliosis and astrogliosis that was associated with larger strokes and worsened functional recovery. RNA sequencing revealed a dramatic increase in inflammatory genes in the high-fat diet-fed animals 3 days after stroke that were not present prior to stroke. Genetic pathways unique to diet-induced obesity were primarily related to adaptive immunity, extracellular matrix components, cell migration, and vasculogenesis. The late appearance of neuroinflammation and infarct expansion indicates that there may be a therapeutic window between 10 and 36 h after stroke where inflammation and obesity-specific transcriptional programs could be targeted to improve outcomes in people with obesity and stroke.
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Haley MJ, Krishnan S, Burrows D, de Hoog L, Thakrar J, Schiessl I, Allan SM, Lawrence CB. Acute high-fat feeding leads to disruptions in glucose homeostasis and worsens stroke outcome. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1026-1037. [PMID: 29171775 PMCID: PMC6545621 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17744718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of diets high in fat leads to obesity and can negatively affect brain function. Rodents made obese by long-term maintenance on a high-fat diet have worse outcome after experimental stroke. High-fat consumption for only three days does not induce obesity but has rapid effects on the brain including memory impairment. However, the effect of brief periods of high-fat feeding or high-fat consumption in the absence of obesity on stroke is unknown. We therefore tested the effect of an acute period of high-fat feeding (three days) in C57B/6 mice on outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). In contrast to a chronic high-fat diet (7.5 months), an acute high-fat diet had no effect on body weight, adipose tissue, lipid profile or inflammatory markers (in periphery and the brain). Three days of high-fat feeding impaired glucose tolerance, increased plasma glucose and insulin and brain expression of the glucose transporter GLUT-1. Ischaemic damage was increased (48%) in mice fed an acute high-fat diet, and was associated with a further reduction in GLUT-1 in the ischaemic hemisphere. These data demonstrate that only a brief period of high-fat consumption has a negative effect on glucose homeostasis and worsens outcome after ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Haley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - David Burrows
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Leon de Hoog
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie Thakrar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Gong Z, Pan J, Shen Q, Li M, Peng Y. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:242. [PMID: 30153825 PMCID: PMC6114292 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial factor in mediating inflammatory responses after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but the cellular location of NLRP3 inflammasome in cerebral I/R has yet come to a conclusion, and there is still no specific evidence to state the relationship between mitochondria and the NLRP3 inflammasome in cerebral I/R. Methods In the present study, we detected the cellular localization of NLRP3 inflammasomes in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model and a transwell co-culture cell system under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions. Then, we investigated the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in different cell types after OGD/R and cerebral I/R injury. Results Our results showed that NLRP3 inflammasomes were first activated in microglia soon after cerebral I/R injury onset and then were expressed in neurons and microvascular endothelial cells later, but they were mainly in neurons. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction played an important role in activating NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia after OGD/R, and mitochondrial protector could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in cerebral I/R rats. Conclusion Our findings may provide novel insights into the cell type-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes at different stages of cerebral I/R injury and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in activating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1282-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingrui Pan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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He H, Liu W, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Weng P, Li Y, Fu H. Sevoflurane post-conditioning attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal apoptosis by promoting autophagy via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:629-638. [PMID: 29606856 PMCID: PMC5868589 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s158313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane post-conditioning exerts nerve-protective effects through inhibiting caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Autophagy that is induced by the endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in the secondary neurological dysfunction after a TBI. However, the relationship between autophagy and caspase-dependent apoptosis as well as the underlying nerve protection mechanism that occurs with sevoflurane post-conditioning following a TBI remains unclear. Methods The Feeney TBI model was used to induce brain injury in rats. Evaluation of the modified neurological severity scores, measurement of brain water content, Nissl staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay were used to determine the neuroprotective effects of the sevoflurane post-conditioning. Both immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II and Beclin-1, pro-apoptotic factors, as well as the activation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway within the lesioned cortex. Results Autophagy and neuronal apoptosis were activated in the lesioned cortex following the TBI. Sevoflurane post-conditioning enhanced early autophagy, suppressed neuronal apoptosis, and alleviated brain edema, which improved nerve function after a TBI (all P < 0.05). Sevoflurane post-conditioning induced the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling after the TBI (P < 0.05). The neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane post-conditioning were reversed through the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine treatment. Conclusion Neuronal apoptosis and the activation of autophagy were involved in the secondary neurological injury following a TBI. Sevoflurane post-conditioning weakened the TBI-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating autophagy via PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peiqing Weng
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yasong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huangde Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
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Heil LBB, Silva PL, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Immunomodulatory effects of anesthetics in obese patients. World J Crit Care Med 2017; 6:140-152. [PMID: 28828299 PMCID: PMC5547428 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v6.i3.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and surgery have an impact on inflammatory responses, which influences perioperative homeostasis. Inhalational and intravenous anesthesia can alter immune-system homeostasis through multiple processes that include activation of immune cells (such as monocytes, neutrophils, and specific tissue macrophages) with release of pro- or anti-inflammatory interleukins, upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, and overproduction of oxidative radicals. The response depends on the timing of anesthesia, anesthetic agents used, and mechanisms involved in the development of inflammation or immunosuppression. Obese patients are at increased risk for chronic diseases and may have the metabolic syndrome, which features insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. Evidence has shown that obesity has adverse impacts on surgical outcome, and that immune cells play an important role in this process. Understanding the effects of anesthetics on immune-system cells in obese patients is important to support proper selection of anesthetic agents, which may affect postoperative outcomes. This review article aims to integrate current knowledge regarding the effects of commonly used anesthetic agents on the lungs and immune response with the underlying immunology of obesity. Additionally, it identifies knowledge gaps for future research to guide optimal selection of anesthetic agents for obese patients from an immunomodulatory standpoint.
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Postconditioning-induced neuroprotection, mechanisms and applications in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Anesthetic Neuroprotection in Experimental Stroke in Rodents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesthesiology 2017; 126:653-665. [PMID: 28182585 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke may require general anesthesia to undergo the procedure. At present, there is little clinical evidence to guide the choice of anesthetic in this acute setting. The clinical implications of experimental studies demonstrating anesthetic neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, the authors evaluated the impact of anesthetic treatment on neurologic outcome in experimental stroke. METHODS Controlled studies of anesthetics in stroke using the filament occlusion model were identified in electronic databases up to December 15, 2015. The primary outcome measures, infarct volume, and neurologic deficit score were used to calculate the normalized mean difference for each comparison. Meta-analysis of normalized mean difference values provided estimates of neuroprotection and contributions of predefined factors: study quality, the timing of treatment, and the duration of ischemia. RESULTS In 80 retrieved publications anesthetic treatment reduced neurologic injury by 28% (95% CI, 24 to 32%; P < 0.0001). Internal validity was high: publication bias enhanced the effect size by 4% or less, effect size increased with study quality (P = 0.0004), and approximately 70% of studies were adequately powered. Apart from study quality, no predefined factor influenced neuroprotection. Neuroprotection failed in animals with comorbidities. Neuroprotection by anesthetics was associated with prosurvival mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Anesthetic neuroprotection is a robust finding in studies using the filament occlusion model of ischemic stroke and should be assumed to influence outcomes in studies using this model. Neuroprotection failed in female animals and animals with comorbidities, suggesting that the results in young male animals may not reflect human stroke.
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Yuan F, Fu H, Sun K, Wu S, Dong T. Effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats by activating mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:539-546. [PMID: 28035625 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate whether the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel could participate in the effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rats. Forty rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: sham operation (S) group; cerebral I/R group; dexmedetomidine (D) group; 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) group; 5-HD + D group. The cerebral I/R were produced by 2 h right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine (50μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally before ischemia and after the onset of reperfusion. 5-HD (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before ischemia. The neurological deficit score (NDS) and the levels of super oxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. Compared to group S, NDS and the levels of MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher, and SOD levels were significantly lower in the other groups (P < 0.05). Compared to group I/R,NDS and the levels of MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower, and SOD level was significantly higher in group D (P < 0.05). Compared to group D, NDS and the levels of MDA, MPO, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher, and SOD level was significantly lower in group5-HD + D (P < 0.05). The activation of the mitoKATP channel could contribute to the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on rats induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 of Jingba road of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Hongguang Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 of Jingba road of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 of Jingba road of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 of Jingba road of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Tieli Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 of Jingba road of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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12
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Haley MJ, Lawrence CB. Obesity and stroke: Can we translate from rodents to patients? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2007-2021. [PMID: 27655337 PMCID: PMC5134197 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16670411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for stroke and is consequently one of the most common co-morbidities found in patients. There is therefore an identified need to model co-morbidities preclinically to allow better translation from bench to bedside. In preclinical studies, both diet-induced and genetically obese rodents have worse stroke outcome, characterised by increased ischaemic damage and an altered inflammatory response. However, clinical studies have reported an 'obesity paradox' in stroke, characterised by reduced mortality and morbidity in obese patients. We discuss the potential reasons why the preclinical and clinical studies may not agree, and review the mechanisms identified in preclinical studies through which obesity may affects stroke outcome. We suggest inflammation plays a central role in this relationship, as obesity features increases in inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and chronic inflammation has been linked to worse stroke risk and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Haley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Postconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after hemorrhage shock and resuscitation in rats. J Surg Res 2016; 206:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang S, Guo Z, Yang S, Ma H, Fu C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hu J. Chronic intermittent hybobaric hypoxia protects against cerebral ischemia via modulation of mitoK ATP. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:8-16. [PMID: 27760384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Providing adequate protection against cerebral ischemia remains an unrealized goal. The present study was aimed at testing whether chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) would have protective effects against cerebral ischemia and investigating the potential role of mitochondrial membrane ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) in this effect. METHODS Ischemia was induced in rats by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 8min on day 2 after bilateral vertebral arteries were permanently electrocauterized and CIHH was simulated in a hypoxic chamber. Learning and memory impairments were analyzed using the Morris water maze. The delay neuronal death (DND) in the hippocampus CA1 was observed by thionine staining. The expression of the two subunits of mitoKATP, SUR1 and Kir 6.2, and the concentration of cytochrome c (Cyt c) were observed by Western blotting. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δym) was determined by flow cytometry. Morphological changes of the mitochondria were investigated by electron microscopy. The antagonist of mitoKATP, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), was used to demonstrate the involvement of mitoKATP. RESULTS CIHH pretreatment ameliorated the learning and memory impairments produced by ischemia, concomitant with reduced DND in the hippocampus CA1 area. Expression levels of SUR1 and Kir6.2 both increased for at least one week after CIHH pretreatment. Levels of the two subunits were higher in the CIHH pretreatment combined with ischemia group than the ischemia only group at 2 d and 7 d after ischemia. Furthermore, the concentration of Cyt c was decreased in mitochondria and increased in the cytoplasm after ischemia which was prevented by CIHH. The decrease of Δψm and the destruction of mitochondrial ultrastructure were both rescued by CIHH pretreatment. The above protective effects of CIHH were blocked by 5-HD intraperitoneal injection 30min before ischemia. CONCLUSION CIHH pretreatment can reduce cerebral ischemic injury, which is mediated by upregulating the expression and activity of mitoKATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Zan Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Congrui Fu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Yixian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Zhang LM, Zhao XC, Sun WB, Li R, Jiang XJ. Sevoflurane post-conditioning protects primary rat cortical neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/resuscitation via down-regulation in mitochondrial apoptosis axis of Bid, Bim, Puma-Bax and Bak mediated by Erk1/2. J Neurol Sci 2015; 357:80-7. [PMID: 26152828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Temporal post-conditioning helps provide neuroprotection against brain injury secondary to ischemia-reperfusion and is considered an effective intervention, but the exact mechanism of sevoflurane post-conditioning is unclear. The essential axis involves activator Bid, Bim, Puma (BH3s), Bax, and Bak; activates the mitochondrial death program; and might be involved in a cell death signal. Extracellular signal-related kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) play a pivotal role in cell growth and proliferation. We hypothesized that sevoflurane post-conditioning might inhibit Bid, Bim, Puma, Bax, and Bak expression and is activated by phosphor-Erk1/2 to decrease neuronal death. To test this hypothesis, we exposed primary cortical neuron cultures to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 1h, along with resuscitation for 24h (OGD/R). MTT assays, propidium iodide uptake (PI), JC-1 fluorescence, and Western blot indicated the following: decreased cell viability (P<0.05); increased cell death (P<0.05); decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05); and decreased Bid, Bim, Puma, Bax, and Bak expression with OGD/R exposure. Inhibition of Erk1/2 phosphorylation could attenuate sevoflurane post-conditioning that mediated an increase in neuronal viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as a decrease in cell death and Bid, Bim, Puma, Bax, and Bak expression after OGD/R treatment. The results demonstrated that sevoflurane post-conditioning caused a marked decrease in cortical neuronal death secondary to OGD/R exposure through the downregulation of the mitochondrial apoptosis axis involving Bid, Bim, Puma, Bax, and Bak that was mediated by the phosphorylation/activation of Erk1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Bo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang L, Zhao X, Jiang X. Sevoflurane Post-conditioning Protects Primary Rat Cortical Neurons Against Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation/Resuscitation: Roles of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Bid, Bim, Puma. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1609-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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