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Zhou Y, Pang N, Li W, Li Q, Luo J, Gu Y, Hu Q, Ding YJ, Sun Y, Pan J, Gao M, Xiao Y, Ma S, Hao Y, Xing H, Fang EF, Ling W, Zhang Z, Yang L. Inhibition of ethanol-induced eNAMPT secretion attenuates liver ferroptosis through BAT-Liver communication. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103274. [PMID: 39059204 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) has long been recognized as an adipokine. However, the exact role of eNAMPT in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and its relevance to brown adipose tissue (BAT) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of eNAMPT on liver function and the underlying mechanisms involved in BAT-Liver communication. METHODS Serum eNAMPT levels were detected in the serum of both ALD patients and mice. Chronic and binge ethanol feeding was used to induce alcoholic liver injury in mice. An eNAMPT antibody, a coculture model of brown adipocytes and hepatocytes, and BAT-specific Nampt knockdown mice were used to investigate the role of eNAMPT in ALD. RESULTS Serum eNAMPT levels are elevated in ALD patients and are significantly positively correlated with the liver injury index. In ALD mice, neutralizing eNAMPT reduced the elevated levels of circulating eNAMPT induced by ethanol and attenuated liver injury. In vitro experiments revealed that eNAMPT induced hepatocyte ferroptosis through the TLR4-dependent mitochondrial ROS-induced ferritinophagy pathway. Furthermore, ethanol stimulated eNAMPT secretion from brown adipocytes but not from other adipocytes. In the coculture model, ethanol-induced release of eNAMPT from brown adipocytes promoted hepatocyte ferroptosis. In BAT-specific Nampt-knockdown mice, ethanol-induced eNAMPT secretion was significantly reduced, and alcoholic liver injury were attenuated. These effects can be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of eNAMPT. CONCLUSION Inhibition of ethanol-induced eNAMPT secretion from BAT attenuates liver injury and ferroptosis. Our study reveals a previously uncharacterized critical role of eNAMPT-mediated BAT-Liver communication in ALD and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Nengzhi Pang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Immunization Programs, Guangzhou Huadu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianrong Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Women Health Care, Guangzhou Baiyun District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Jie Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixi Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxu Hao
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huichun Xing
- Center of Liver Diseases Division 3, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Evendro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center and Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumor Microenvironment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Grewal T, Buechler C. Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for the Severity of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051302. [PMID: 37238973 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates obesity as a risk factor for increased severity of disease outcomes in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, which not only predisposes individuals to metabolic complications, but also substantially contributes to low-grade systemic inflammation, altered immune cell composition, and compromised immune function. This seems to impact the susceptibility and outcome of diseases caused by viruses, as obese people appear more vulnerable to developing infections and they recover later from infectious diseases than normal-weight individuals. Based on these findings, increased efforts to identify suitable diagnostic and prognostic markers in obese Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to predict disease outcomes have been made. This includes the analysis of cytokines secreted from adipose tissues (adipokines), which have multiple regulatory functions in the body; for instance, modulating insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, appetite, and fertility. Most relevant in the context of viral infections, adipokines also influence the immune cell number, with consequences for overall immune cell activity and function. Hence, the analysis of the circulating levels of diverse adipokines in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been considered to reveal diagnostic and prognostic COVID-19 markers. This review article summarizes the findings aimed to correlate the circulating levels of adipokines with progression and disease outcomes of COVID-19. Several studies provided insights on chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and galectin-3 levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, while limited information is yet available on the adipokines apelin and visfatin in COVID-19. Altogether, current evidence points at circulating galectin-3 and resistin levels being of diagnostic and prognostic value in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Kasacka I, Piotrowska Ż, Domian N, Lewandowska A, Acewicz M. Immunohistochemical identification and assessment of the location of leptin, visfatin and chemerin in the liver of men with different body mass index. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:233. [PMID: 35549673 PMCID: PMC9097377 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipokines such as leptin, visfatin and chemerin play a pivotal role not only in the pathogenesis of excessive weight gain but also impact on hepatic metabolism. However, alterations in the production of these peptides in the liver of overweight individuals have not been fully elucidated yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in leptin, visfatin and chemerin biosynthesis in the liver of men with different BMI. Methods Fourteen adult men without symptoms from the digestive system were recruited. Research material consisted of liver samples. Study participants were divided into two groups: lean (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) and overweight subjects (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Paraffin liver sections were processed by immunohistochemistry for detection of leptin, visfatin and chemerin. Hepatic expression of leptin, visfatin and chemerin genes was determined by qRT-PCR method. Results Increased immunoreactivity for leptin and chemerin, and decreased immunoreaction for visfatin were observed in the liver of overweight men in comparison to lean subjects. Overweight subjects with hepatic steatosis displayed increased immunoreactivity for leptin and weaker immunoreaction against visfatin and chemerin in the liver, compared to individuals with normal organ structure. Expression of leptin and chemerin was enhanced in the liver of overweight individuals, with the highest expression observed in subjects with hepatic steatosis. Conversely, expression of visfatin in the male liver was decreased in overweight subjects and those with and liver steatosis. Conclusions The present study proves that the expression of leptin, visfatin and chemerin in the male liver is altered in overweight individuals. Our report also indicates the potential importance of these peptides in hepatic steatosis associated with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Ż Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - N Domian
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - A Lewandowska
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - M Acewicz
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
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Iacob SA, Iacob DG. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in HIV/HBV Patients - a Metabolic Imbalance Aggravated by Antiretroviral Therapy and Perpetuated by the Hepatokine/Adipokine Axis Breakdown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:814209. [PMID: 35355551 PMCID: PMC8959898 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.814209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent comorbidities in HIV and HBV infected patients. HIV plays an early and direct role in the development of metabolic syndrome by disrupting the mechanism of adipogenesis and synthesis of adipokines. Adipokines, molecules that regulate the lipid metabolism, also contribute to the progression of NAFLD either directly or via hepatic organokines (hepatokines). Most hepatokines play a direct role in lipid homeostasis and liver inflammation but their role in the evolution of NAFLD is not well defined. The role of HBV in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is controversial. HBV has been previously associated with a decreased level of triglycerides and with a protective role against the development of steatosis and metabolic syndrome. At the same time HBV displays a high fibrogenetic and oncogenetic potential. In the HIV/HBV co-infection, the metabolic changes are initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction as well as by the fatty overload of the liver, two interconnected mechanisms. The evolution of NAFLD is further perpetuated by the inflammatory response to these viral agents and by the variable toxicity of the antiretroviral therapy. The current article discusses the pathogenic changes and the contribution of the hepatokine/adipokine axis in the development of NAFLD as well as the implications of HIV and HBV infection in the breakdown of the hepatokine/adipokine axis and NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Alexandra Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Gabriela Iacob
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Diana Gabriela Iacob,
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Heo YJ, Choi SE, Lee N, Jeon JY, Han SJ, Kim DJ, Kang Y, Lee KW, Kim HJ. Visfatin exacerbates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a methionine-choline-deficient diet mouse model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2592-2600. [PMID: 33600604 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which is characterized by hepatic inflammation that can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Visfatin, an adipocytokine, was reported to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and can be associated with liver fibrosis. We investigated the role of visfatin on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD)-diet-induced steatohepatitis mouse model. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned into one of three groups: (1) saline-injected control diet group; (2) saline-injected MCD diet group; and (3) visfatin-injected MCD diet group (n = 8 per group). Mice were administered intravenous saline or 10 μg/kg of recombinant murine visfatin for 2 weeks. Histologic assessment of liver and biochemical and molecular measurements of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), inflammation, and fibrosis were performed in livers from these animals. RESULTS Visfatin injection aggravated hepatic steatosis and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. Visfatin increased inflammatory cell infiltration (as indicated by F4/80, CD68, ly6G, and CD3 mRNA expression) and expression of chemokines in the liver. Visfatin also increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and activated fibrosis markers (CTGF, TIMP1, collagen 1α2, collagen 3α2, αSMA, fibronectin, and vimentin) in liver. Livers of visfatin-injected mice showed upregulation of ER stress and ROS and activation of JNK signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that visfatin aggravates hepatic inflammation together with induction of ER and oxidative stress and exacerbates fibrosis in an MCD-diet-fed mouse model of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Buechler C, Haberl EM, Rein-Fischboeck L, Aslanidis C. Adipokines in Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1392. [PMID: 28661458 PMCID: PMC5535885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is considered a serious disease. The Child-Pugh score and the model of end-stage liver disease score have been established to assess residual liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis. The development of portal hypertension contributes to ascites, variceal bleeding and further complications in these patients. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to lower portal pressure, which represents a major improvement in the treatment of patients. Adipokines are proteins released from adipose tissue and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. These proteins affect various biological processes that are involved in liver function, including angiogenesis, vasodilation, inflammation and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. The best studied adipokines are adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin protects against hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, and leptin functions as a profibrogenic factor. These and other adipokines are supposed to modulate disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Consequently, circulating levels of these proteins have been analyzed to identify associations with parameters of hepatic function, portal hypertension and its associated complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. This review article briefly addresses the role of adipokines in hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Here, studies having analyzed these proteins in systemic blood in cirrhotic patients are listed to identify adipokines that are comparably changed in the different cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. Some studies measured these proteins in systemic, hepatic and portal vein blood or after TIPS to specify the tissues contributing to circulating levels of these proteins and the effect of portal hypertension, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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