1
|
Li Y, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Harris R, Castañeda-Castro FE, Ascui G, Pérez-Jeldres T, Diaz A, Morong C, Giles DA, Chai J, Seumois G, Sanchez-Elsner T, Cummings F, Kronenberg M, Vijayanand P. Stem-like T cells are associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in humans. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1231-1244. [PMID: 38898157 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To understand the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), we analyzed colonic T cells isolated from patients with UC and controls. Here we identified colonic CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets with gene expression profiles resembling stem-like progenitors, previously reported in several mouse models of autoimmune disease. Stem-like T cells were increased in inflamed areas compared to non-inflamed regions from the same patients. Furthermore, TCR sequence analysis indicated stem-like T cells were clonally related to proinflammatory T cells, suggesting their involvement in sustaining effectors that drive inflammation. Using an adoptive transfer colitis model in mice, we demonstrated that CD4+ T cells deficient in either BCL-6 or TCF1, transcription factors that promote T cell stemness, had decreased colon T cells and diminished pathogenicity. Our results establish a strong association between stem-like T cell populations and UC pathogenesis, highlighting the potential of targeting this population to improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Li
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Harris
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Gabriel Ascui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Pérez-Jeldres
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Diaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Morong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel A Giles
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Lineage Therapeutics, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Jiani Chai
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, UK
| | - Fraser Cummings
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, UK
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toskas A, Milias S, Papamitsou T, Meditskou S, Kamperidis N, Sioga A. The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024:S1687-1979(24)00002-9. [PMID: 38395629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Interleukins are potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The roles of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 have been extensively studied, setting the stage for the development of novel treatments for patients with IBD. Other cytokines have been less extensively studied. Members of the IL-20 family, mainly IL-19 and IL-24, are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, but their exact role remains unclear. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD. IL-21 is involved in the Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Data support a promising future use of these interleukins as biomarkers of severe diseases and as potential therapeutic targets for novel monoclonal antibodies. This review aims to summarize the existing studies involving animal models of colitis and patients with IBD to clarify their role in the intestinal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Toskas
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; St Marks Hospital, Watford Rd, Harrow, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefanos Milias
- Private Histopathology Laboratory, Ploutonos 27, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koh CH, Kim BS, Kang CY, Chung Y, Seo H. IL-17 and IL-21: Their Immunobiology and Therapeutic Potentials. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e2. [PMID: 38455465 PMCID: PMC10917578 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last 2 decades have identified IL-17 and IL-21 as key cytokines in the modulation of a wide range of immune responses. IL-17 serves as a critical defender against bacterial and fungal pathogens, while maintaining symbiotic relationships with commensal microbiota. However, alterations in its levels can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-21, on the other hand, bridges the adaptive and innate immune responses, and its imbalance is implicated in autoimmune diseases and cancer, highlighting its important role in both health and disease. Delving into the intricacies of these cytokines not only opens new avenues for understanding the immune system, but also promises innovative advances in the development of therapeutic strategies for numerous diseases. In this review, we will discuss an updated view of the immunobiology and therapeutic potential of IL-17 and IL-21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Research & Development Center, Cellid Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu RY, Xiao K, Hotte N, Tandon P, Elloumi Y, Ambrosio L, Dunsmore G, Elahi S, Kroeker KI, Dieleman LA, Madsen KL, Huang V. Elevated IL-6 and IL-22 in Early Pregnancy Are Associated with Worse Disease Course in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810281. [PMID: 36142193 PMCID: PMC9499187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract that affect women in their reproductive years. Pregnancy affects Th1- and Th2-cytokines, but how these changes occur during pregnancy in IBD is unclear. We performed a longitudinal profiling of serum cytokines in a cohort of 11 healthy pregnant women and 76 pregnant women with IBD from the first trimester of pregnancy to the first 12 months post-partum. Participants were monitored for biochemical disease activity (C-reactive protein [CRP] and fecal calprotectin [FCP]) and clinical activities. Maternal cytokines were measured using ELISA. We identified changes in Th1 and Th17 cytokines throughout pregnancy in healthy pregnant women. During pregnancy, maternal serum cytokine expressions were influenced by IBD, disease activity, and medications. Active UC was associated with an elevation in IL-21, whereas active CD was associated with elevated IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-21. Interestingly, T1 serum cytokine levels of IL-22 (>0.624 pg/mL) and IL-6 (>0.648 pg/mL) were associated with worse IBD disease activity throughout pregnancy in women with UC and CD, respectively. This shows serum cytokines in pregnancy differ by IBD, disease activity, and medications. We show for the first time that T1 IL-22 and IL-6 correlate with IBD disease course throughout pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y. Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Karren Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Naomi Hotte
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Parul Tandon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Yesmine Elloumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Lindsy Ambrosio
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Karen I. Kroeker
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Levinus A. Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Vivian Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-586-4800 (ext. 2475)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alsén S, Cervin J, Deng Y, Szeponik L, Wenzel UA, Karlsson J, Cucak H, Livingston M, Bryder D, Lu Q, Johansson-Lindbom B, Yrlid U. Antigen-Presenting B Cells Program the Efferent Lymph T Helper Cell Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:813203. [PMID: 35355990 PMCID: PMC8959485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells interact with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in germinal centers (GCs) to generate high-affinity antibodies. Much less is known about how cognate T–B-cell interactions influence Th cells that enter circulation and peripheral tissues. Therefore, we generated mice lacking MHC-II expressing B cells and, by thoracic duct cannulation, analyzed Th cells in the efferent lymph at defined intervals post-immunization. Focusing on gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), we show that antigen-specific α4β7+ gut-homing effector Th cells enter the circulation prior to CXCR5+PD-1+ Tfh-like cells. B cells appear to have no or limited impact on the early generation and egress of gut-homing Th cells but are critical for the subsequent appearance of Tfh-like cells that peak in the lymph before GCs have developed. At this stage, antigen-presenting B cells also reduce the proportion of α4β7+ Th cells in the MLN and efferent lymph. Furthermore, cognate B-cell interaction drives a broad transcriptional program in Th cells, including IL-4 that is confined to the Tfh cell lineage. The IL-4-producing Tfh-like cells originate from Bcl6+ precursors in the LNs and have gut-homing capacity. Hence, B cells program the efferent lymph Th cell response within a limited window of time after antigenic challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Alsén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Cervin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yaxiong Deng
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Louis Szeponik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Alexander Wenzel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Helena Cucak
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Megan Livingston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Bengt Johansson-Lindbom
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Immunological Memory Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ray MK, Fenton CG, Paulssen RH. Novel long non-coding RNAs of relevance for ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:40-47. [PMID: 35224318 PMCID: PMC8844606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mithlesh Kumar Ray
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher G. Fenton
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø (GSCT), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth H. Paulssen
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø (GSCT), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Corresponding author. Clinical Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics Support Centre Tromsø, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sykehusveien 44, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Role of T Follicular Helper Cells and Interleukin-21 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:9621738. [PMID: 34471409 PMCID: PMC8405314 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9621738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells represent a novel subset of CD4+ T cells which can provide critical help for germinal center (GC) formation and antibody production. The Tfh cells are characterized by the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5), programmed death 1 (PD-1), inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS), B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), and the secretion of interleukin-21 (IL-21). Given the important role of Tfh cells in B cell activation and high-affinity antibody production, Tfh cells are involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the most studied types of IBD. Dysregulated mucosal immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. In recent years, many studies have identified the critical role of Tfh cells and IL-21 in the pathogenic process IBD. In this paper, we will discuss the role of Tfh cells and IL-21 in IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai X, Wang X, He M, Wang Y, Lan M, Zhao Y, Gao F. Colon-targeted delivery of tacrolimus using pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for murine colitis therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120836. [PMID: 34217824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at constructing an oral nanoparticle delivery system loaded with tacrolimus (FK506) for effective treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. A FK506/HP-β-CD inclusion compound was prepared by grinding to increase drug solubility. To address the side- effects in non-target organs and systemic toxicity of FK506, pH-responsive Eudragit S100 (ES100) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with high affinity to CD44 receptor were adsorbed onto the surface of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles loaded with FK506/HP-β-CD through electrostatic interactions to obtain FK506@ES100/HA/CS/HP-β-CD nanoparticles (FK506@EHCh NPs). Caco-2 cells and Raw 264.7 macrophages were used to confirm the lack of cytotoxicity and good uptake ability of the newly generated nanoparticles. FK506@EHCh NPs significantly suppressed secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by LPS-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages. A dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) murine model was established to further confirm the colon targeting and in vivo efficacy of oral IR-775@EHCh NPs. Based on the collective results, we conclude that packaging FK506 into active targeting nanocarriers sensitive to pH facilitates concentration of the drug within the sites of intestinal inflammation and improves the drug levels in target tissues, thus avoiding systemic side-effects and improving efficacy. In view of the promising results obtained in this study, the potential of EHCh nanoparticles for drug delivery and targeted treatment of inflammatory bowel disease warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Muye He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ebersole JL, Kirakodu SS, Orraca L, Gonzalez Martinez J, Gonzalez OA. Gingival transcriptomics of follicular T cell footprints in progressing periodontitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:373-395. [PMID: 33565609 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) cells have been identified in the circulation and in tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic inflammation. Gingival tissues with periodontitis reflect chronic inflammation, so genomic footprints of Tfh cells should occur in these tissues and may differ related to aging effects. Macaca mulatta were used in a ligature-induced periodontitis model [adult group (aged 12-23 years); young group (aged 3-7 years)]. Gingival tissue and subgingival microbiome samples were obtained at matched healthy ligature-induced disease and clinical resolution sites. Microarray analysis examined Tfh genes (n = 54) related to microbiome characteristics documented using 16S MiSeq. An increase in the major transcription factor of Tfh cells, BCL6, was found with disease in both adult and young animals, while master transcription markers of other T cell subsets were either decreased or showed minimal change. Multiple Tfh-related genes, including surface receptors and transcription factors, were also significantly increased during disease. Specific microbiome patterns were significantly associated with profiles indicative of an increased presence/function of Tfh cells. Importantly, unique microbial complexes showed distinctive patterns of interaction with Tfh genes differing in health and disease and with the age of the animals. An increase in Tfh cell responsiveness occurred in the progression of periodontitis, affected by age and related to specific microbial complexes in the oral microbiome. The capacity of gingival Tfh cells to contribute to localized B cell activation and active antibody responses, including affinity maturation, may be critical for controlling periodontal lesions and contributing to limiting and/or resolving the lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - S S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - J Gonzalez Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, USA
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qu SL, Chen L, Wen XS, Zuo JP, Wang XY, Lu ZJ, Yang YF. Suppression of Th17 cell differentiation via sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 by cinnamaldehyde can ameliorate ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111116. [PMID: 33341041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum. Although the etiology is unknown, dysregulation of the intestinal mucosal immune system is closely related to UC. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a major active compound from cinnamon, is known as its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. However, little research focused on its regulatory function on immune cells in UC. Therefore, we set out to explore the modulating effects of CA on immune cells in UC. We found that CA reduced the progression of colitis through controlling the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the proportion of Th17 cells. Furthermore, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was employed for analyzing and differentiating metabolites, data showed that sphingolipid pathway has a great influence on the effect of CA on UC. Meanwhile, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) and Rho-GTP protein levels were downregulated in colonic tissues after CA treatment. Moreover, in vitro assays showed that CA inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and downregulated of S1P2 and Rho-GTP signaling. Notably, we found that treatment with S1P2 antagonist (JTE-013) weakened the inhibitory effect of CA on Th17 cells. Furthermore, S1P2 deficiency (S1P2-/-) blocked the effect of CA on Th17 cell differentiation. In addition, CA can also improve inflammation via lncRNA H19 and MIAT. To sum up, this study provides clear evidence that CA can ameliorate ulcerative colitis through suppressing Th17 cells via S1P2 pathway and regulating lncRNA H19 and MIAT, which further supports S1P2 as a potential drug target for immunity-mediated UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lan Qu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Long Chen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xue-Shan Wen
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yi-Fu Yang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Lv X, Zhan L, Chen L, Jin H, Tang X, Shi Q, Zou Q, Xiang J, Zhang W, Zeng Z, Jiang H, Lv X. Case Report: IL-21 and Bcl-6 Regulate the Proliferation and Secretion of Tfh and Tfr Cells in the Intestinal Germinal Center of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:587445. [PMID: 33584264 PMCID: PMC7873887 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-21 and B cell lymphoma protein-6 on germinal center follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells and its relationship with the clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: The expression of peripheral blood cytokines IL-21 and Bcl-6 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The distribution characteristics of Tfh and Tfr cells were detected using the triple immunofluorescence staining analysis. Results: The expression of IL-21 and Bcl-6 mRNA was upregulated in the ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) groups compared with that in the control group. Triple immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of Tfh cells in the intestinal germinal center obviously increased in the UC and CD groups compared with that in the control group, whereas the number of Tfr cells reduced. Conclusion: This study suggested that the Tfr and Tfh cells might be involved in the regulation of IBD. Bcl-6 and IL-21 can regulate the Tfh/Tfr ratio in the intestinal germinal center, promoting the occurrence and development of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youguang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaodan Lv
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinping Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingqing Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiyuan Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiqiao Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - WeiWei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaojing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haixing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoping Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Globig AM, Sommer NP, Wild K, Schardey J, Zoldan K, Thomann AK, Schulte LA, Schreiner R, Reindl W, Klaus J, Schempp CM, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Boettler T, Hasselblatt P. Ustekinumab Inhibits T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1-12. [PMID: 32679193 PMCID: PMC7593584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis) involves dysregulated TH1 and TH17 cell responses, which can be targeted therapeutically by the monoclonal antibody Ustekinumab directed against the joint p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. These cytokines may also regulate the differentiation of T follicular helper (TFH) cells, which promote B cell function in germinal centers. However, the role of TFH cells in CD pathogenesis and impact of Ustekinumab therapy on TFH cell fate in patients are poorly defined. METHODS Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood (n=45) and intestinal biopsies (n=15) of CD patients or healthy controls (n=21) and analyzed by flow cytometry to assess TFH cell phenotypes and functions ex vivo. In addition, TFH cell differentiation was analyzed in the presence of Ustekinumab in vitro. RESULTS TFH cell frequencies in the intestine as well as peripheral blood were associated with endoscopic as well as biochemical evidence of CD activity. CD patients with clinical response to Ustekinumab, but not those with response to anti-TNF antibodies, displayed reduced frequencies of circulating TFH cells in a concentration-dependent manner while the TFH phenotype was not affected by Ustekinumab therapy. In keeping with this notion, TFH cell differentiation was inhibited by Ustekinumab in vitro while TFH cell maintenance was not affected. Moreover, Ustekinumab therapy resulted in reduced germinal center activity in CD patients in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data implicate TFH cells in the pathogenesis of CD and indicate that Ustekinumab therapy affects TFH cell differentiation, which may influence TFH-mediated immune functions in UST-treated CD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Globig
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikola Patricia Sommer
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wild
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Schardey
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Thomann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Rupert Schreiner
- Medical Care Center Dr. Limbach and Colleagues, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Klaus
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Mathis Schempp
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Correspondence Address requests for correspondence to: Peter Hasselblatt, MD, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. fax: ++49 761 270 33530.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Long Y, Xia C, Xu L, Liu C, Fan C, Bao H, Zhao X, Liu C. The Imbalance of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells and Follicular Regulatory T Cells Is Associated With Disease Activity in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:104. [PMID: 32117258 PMCID: PMC7034313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum, in which the abnormality of B cells is involved in both its pathogenesis and progression. Follicular helper T cells (TFH) play an important role in assisting the immune function of human B cells in germinal centers, and follicular regulatory T cells (TFR) have the function of inhibiting TFH and germinal center B cell responses. The significance of circulating TFH and TFR in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. We analyzed peripheral blood of active and stable remission UC patients and found that circulating TFR was significantly decreased while TFH was increased in active UC patients. As to TFH subsets, TFH2 was elevated while TFH17 was decreased in active UC, with IL-4/IL-17A secretion enhanced. Helios+ and CD45RA−FoxP3high TFR cells were decreased while CD226+ and CD45RA+FoxP3int TFR cells were increased in active UC patients. The levels of new memory B cells, plasmablasts and serum IgG were significantly increased in active UC patients, and were positively correlated with TFH and TFH2, and negatively correlated with TFR. Serum CRP and Mayo Clinic scores were positively correlated with TFH and TFH2 but negatively correlated with TFR. Serum IL-12 and IL-21 were up-regulated while IL-10 was down-regulated in active UC. To conclude, an imbalance of circulating TFH and TFR cells is associated with disease activity in UC patients. Our results suggest a new mechanism for TFH and TFR imbalance in the pathogenesis of UC, providing a new perspective for theoretical research and therapeutic strategies for UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Caoyi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhang Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Probiotic Mixture VSL#3 Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Colitis in Mice by Downregulating T Follicular Helper Cells. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:371-378. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
15
|
Xue G, Zhong Y, Hua L, Zhong M, Liu X, Chen X, Gao D, Zhou N. Aberrant alteration of follicular T helper cells in ulcerative colitis patients and its correlations with interleukin-21 and B cell subsets. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14757. [PMID: 30855475 PMCID: PMC6417626 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that follicular T helper (TFH) cells play a crucial role in the pathogenic process of autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about the role of TFH cells in the development of UC. To investigate the role of TFH cells in the development of UC, the number of TFH cells, the level of interleukin-21 (IL-21), the numbers of B cell subsets, and clinical parameters were detected in peripheral blood from 31 UC patients and 29 healthy controls. TFH cells and the level of IL-21 were significantly higher in UC patients than in the healthy controls. A positive correlation between TFH and IL-21 cells was found in UC patients. Moreover, aberrant frequencies of different subsets of B cells were observed in UC patients, and a positive correlation was found between CD38CD19 B cells and TFH cells and between CD86CD19 B cells and TFH cells. A high number of TFH cells were positively associated with Mayo score, serum C-reaction protein (CRP) and serum IgG in UC patients. Our data indicate that TFH cells and IL-21 are involved in the pathogenesis of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang
| | - Yao Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming
| | - Lin Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang
| | - Meijun Zhong
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang
| | - Xueli Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nanjin Zhou
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanchang
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gensous N, Charrier M, Duluc D, Contin-Bordes C, Truchetet ME, Lazaro E, Duffau P, Blanco P, Richez C. T Follicular Helper Cells in Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1637. [PMID: 30065726 PMCID: PMC6056609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a distinct subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes, specialized in B cell help and in regulation of antibody responses. They are required for the generation of germinal center reactions, where selection of high affinity antibody producing B cells and development of memory B cells occur. Owing to the fundamental role of Tfh cells in adaptive immunity, the stringent control of their production and function is critically important, both for the induction of an optimal humoral response against thymus-dependent antigens but also for the prevention of self-reactivity. Indeed, deregulation of Tfh activities can contribute to a pathogenic autoantibody production and can play an important role in the promotion of autoimmune diseases. In the present review, we briefly introduce the molecular factors involved in Tfh cell formation in the context of a normal immune response, as well as markers associated with their identification (transcription factor, surface marker expression, and cytokine production). We then consider in detail the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of a broad range of autoimmune diseases, with a special focus on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as on the other autoimmune/inflammatory disorders. We summarize the observed alterations in Tfh numbers, activation state, and circulating subset distribution during autoimmune and some other inflammatory disorders. In addition, central role of interleukin-21, major cytokine produced by Tfh cells, is discussed, as well as the involvement of follicular regulatory T cells, which share characteristics with both Tfh and regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gensous
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manon Charrier
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dorothée Duluc
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- ImmunoConcept, UMR-CNRS 5164, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Evaluating IL-21 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:5962624. [PMID: 29849593 PMCID: PMC5914125 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5962624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is primarily a T cell-derived cytokine; it is upregulated in patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) and could be a potential new therapeutic target in CD. Methods In human material, IL-21 and IL-21R expression was investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in noninflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) controls and patients with CD. The pathologic role of IL-21 was examined in murine models of T cell-dependent and T cell-independent colitis, either with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against IL-21 or with the transfer of CD4+CD45RBhighIL-21R-/- T cells. Colonic pathology was examined by endoscopy, histopathology, IHC, ELISA, and Luminex. Results In the human intestine, IL-21 and IL-21R mRNA and protein-expressing cells were observed in the mucosa, in lymphoid aggregates of submucosa in non-IBD controls, and in lymphoid aggregates of muscularis externa in patients with CD. IL-21 expression was most abundant in germinal centers (GCs) of the lymphoid aggregates, and IL-21R expression assessed semiquantitatively, was significantly higher in patients with CD compared to non-IBD controls. Following prophylactic and interventive anti-IL-21 mAb treatment in the adoptive transfer (AdTr) model, clinical and pathological parameters were significantly reduced. The most persistent finding was a reduction in colonic infiltrating neutrophils. As well, Rag2-/- mice receiving CD4+CD45RBhighIL-21R-/- T cells developed less severe colitis compared to Rag2-/- mice receiving CD4+CD45RBhighIL-21R+/+ T cells. No effect of reduced IL-21 signalling was observed in T cell-independent colitis. Conclusion Our study shows that patients with CD have significant expression of IL-21 and IL-21R in the gut. As well, we show that neutralization of IL-21 in experimental T cell-driven colitis is associated with a reduction in clinical and pathological findings. This amelioration seems to be associated with a reduction in colon-infiltrating neutrophils.
Collapse
|
18
|
Miljkovic D, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps Is Characterized by Increased Mucosal and Blood Th17 Effector Cytokine Producing Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:898. [PMID: 29311948 PMCID: PMC5742278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have implied a role for Th17 cells in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. However, the capacity of these cells to produce Th17 cytokines is still unknown. Here we sought to quantify IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 cytokines produced by Th17 cells in mucosal tissue and peripheral blood of CRSwNP, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and control patients. Methods: Samples were prospectively collected from CRS patients and non-CRS controls. We used flow cytometry to characterize the Th17 cells and their cytokines in sinonasal tissue and peripheral blood. Results: A total of 36 patients were recruited to the study. CRSwNP patients had significantly more tissue IL-17A (9.53 ± 2.71 vs. 1.11 ± 0.43 vs. 0.77 ± 0.07), IL-17F (4.96 ± 1.48 vs. 0.88 ± 0.31 vs. 0.56 ± 0.04), IL-21 (5.55 ± 2.01 vs. 1.60 ± 0.71 vs. 1.53 ± 0.55) and IL-22 (4.73 ± 1.58 vs. 0.70 ± 0.28 vs. 0.88 ± 0.26) producing Th17 cells compared to CRSsNP and control mucosa per mg of tissue, respectively. Allergic CRSwNP patients had decreased numbers of IL-21 producing Th17 cells compared to non-Allergic CRSwNP. (1.69 ± 0.57 vs. 9.41 ± 3.23) per mg of tissue, respectively (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.05). Conclusion: In summary our study identified increased numbers of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22 positive Th17 cells in CRSwNP patient polyps and peripheral blood suggesting an altered activation state of those cells both locally and systemically. Atopic CRSwNP had decreased amounts of tissue Th17 cell derived IL-21 implying a potential protective role for IL-21 in CRSwNP allergic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Miljkovic
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alkis J Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The shifted balance between circulating follicular regulatory T cells and follicular helper T cells in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2933-2945. [PMID: 29109300 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B-cell immunity participates in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The immune balance between follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells is important in regulating B-cell responses. However, the alteration of TFR/TFH balance in UC remains unclear. Peripheral blood from 25 UC patients and 15 healthy controls was examined for the frequencies of circulating TFR, TFH, and regulatory T (Treg) cells by flow cytometry. Levels of serum cytokines were measured using cytometric bead array (CBA). Disease activity was evaluated by the Mayo Clinic Score. Compared with controls, UC patients exhibited significant reductions in circulating Foxp3+CXCR5+ TFR cells, the subset interleukin (IL)-10+Foxp3+CXCR5+ cells, and Treg cells, but significant expansions in Foxp3-CXCR5+ TFH cells and IL-21+Foxp3-CXCR5+ cells. UC patients also had reduced levels of serum IL-10 and elevated levels of serum IL-21. The values of Mayo Clinic Score, C-reactive protein (CRP), or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in UC patients were negatively correlated with circulating TFR cells, serum IL-10 level, and TFR/TFH ratio, while positively correlated with circulating TFH cells and serum IL-21 level. Alterations in circulating TFR and TFH cells shift the balance from immune tolerance to immune responsive state, contributing to dysregulated B-cell immunity and the pathogenesis of UC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang X, Yang J, Li X, Ma W, Zou H. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit T follicular helper cell in lupus-prone mice. Lupus 2017; 27:49-59. [PMID: 28537524 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317711013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this paper is to analyze the role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in lupus-prone mice. Methods Bone marrow cells were isolated from C57BL/6 (B6) mice and cultured in vitro, and surface markers were identified by flow cytometry. Naïve CD4+ T cells, splenocytes and Tfh cells were isolated from B6 mice spleens and co-cultured with BM-MSCs. The proliferation and the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and Tfh cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Lupus-prone MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice were treated via intravenous injection with expanded BM-MSCs, the differentiation of Tfh cells was detected, and the relief of lupus nephritis was analyzed. Results MSCs could be successfully induced from bone marrow cells, and cultured BM-MSCs could inhibit T cell proliferation dose-dependently. BM-MSCs could prevent Tfh cell development from naïve CD4+ T cells and splenocytes. BM-MSCs could inhibit IL-21 gene expression and cytokine production and inhibit isolated Tfh cells and STAT3 phosphorylation. In vivo study proved that BM-MSCs intravenous injection could effectively inhibit Tfh cell expansion and IL-21 production, alleviate lupus nephritis, and prolong the survival rate of lupus-prone mice. Conclusions BM-MSCs could effectively inhibit the differentiation of Tfh cells both in vitro and in vivo. BM-MSC treatment could relieve lupus nephritis, which indicates that BM-MSCs might be a promising therapeutic method for the treatment of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- 1 Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Yang
- 3 Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Li
- 4 Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Ma
- 5 Central Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Zou
- 1 Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shapiro M, Nandi B, Gonzalez G, Prabhala RH, Mashimo H, Huang Q, Frank NY, Munshi NC, Gold JS. Deficiency of the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-21 promotes intestinal neoplasia via dysregulation of the Th1/Th17 axis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1261776. [PMID: 28197386 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1261776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21 has reported activity in promoting both Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Its role in sporadic human colorectal cancer is unknown. We aimed to delineate the role of IL-21 in a model of sporadic intestinal carcinogenesis. We found that in APCMIN/+ mice, ablation of IL-21 increased intestinal tumorigenesis. Expression of pro-inflammatory Th17-associated genes, including RORγt and IL-17A, was increased in the intestine in the absence of IL-21, while expression of antitumor Th1-associated genes Tbet, IFNγ, granzyme B, and perforin was decreased. Similarly, the IL-21-deficient APCMIN/+ mouse intestines had fewer infiltrating T cells as well as decreased effector memory T cells, NK cells, and granzyme B-expressing cells. Finally, our data suggest that IL-21 impairs Th17 immune responses as mesenteric lymph nodes from IL-21-deficient mice had increased IL-17A expression, and naive helper T cells from IL-21-deficient mice were more prone to differentiate into IL-17A-secreting cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Shapiro
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bisweswar Nandi
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rao H Prabhala
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Pathology Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Jason S Gold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Surgery Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), involve proinflammatory changes within the microbiota, chronic immune-mediated inflammatory responses, and epithelial dysfunction. Converging data from genome-wide association studies, mouse models of IBD, and clinical trials indicate that cytokines are key effectors of both normal homeostasis and chronic inflammation in the gut. Yet many questions remain concerning the role of specific cytokines in different IBDs within distinct regions of the gut, and regarding cellular mechanisms of action. In this article, we review current and emerging concepts concerning the role of cytokines in IBD with a focus on immune regulation, T cell subsets, and potential clinical applications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), involve proinflammatory changes within the microbiota, chronic immune-mediated inflammatory responses, and epithelial dysfunction. Converging data from genome-wide association studies, mouse models of IBD, and clinical trials indicate that cytokines are key effectors of both normal homeostasis and chronic inflammation in the gut. Yet many questions remain concerning the role of specific cytokines in different IBDs within distinct regions of the gut, and regarding cellular mechanisms of action. In this article, we review current and emerging concepts concerning the role of cytokines in IBD with a focus on immune regulation, T cell subsets, and potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
| | - Mark S. Sundrud
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mesquita D, Cruvinel WM, Resende LS, Mesquita FV, Silva NP, Câmara NOS, Andrade LEC. Follicular helper T cell in immunity and autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5209. [PMID: 27096200 PMCID: PMC4843212 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The traditional concept that effector T helper (Th) responses are mediated by Th1/Th2 cell subtypes has been broadened by the recent demonstration of two new effector T helper cells, the IL-17 producing cells (Th17) and the follicular helper T cells (Tfh). These new subsets have many features in common, such as the ability to produce IL-21 and to express the IL-23 receptor (IL23R), the inducible co-stimulatory molecule ICOS, and the transcription factor c-Maf, all of them essential for expansion and establishment of the final pool of both subsets. Tfh cells differ from Th17 by their ability to home to B cell areas in secondary lymphoid tissue through interactions mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13. These CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells are considered an effector T cell type specialized in B cell help, with a transcriptional profile distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. The role of Tfh cells and its primary product, IL-21, on B-cell activation and differentiation is essential for humoral immunity against infectious agents. However, when deregulated, Tfh cells could represent an important mechanism contributing to exacerbated humoral response and autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the importance of Tfh cells by focusing on their biology and differentiation processes in the context of normal immune response to infectious microorganisms and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mesquita
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - W M Cruvinel
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L S Resende
- Divisão de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F V Mesquita
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N P Silva
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N O S Câmara
- Divisão de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L E C Andrade
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|