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Johnson OT, Gestwicki JE. Multivalent protein-protein interactions are pivotal regulators of eukaryotic Hsp70 complexes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:397-415. [PMID: 35670950 PMCID: PMC9346034 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone and central regulator of protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Paramount to this role is Hsp70's binding to client proteins and co-chaperones to produce distinct complexes, such that understanding the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of Hsp70 is foundational to describing its function and dysfunction in disease. Mounting evidence suggests that these PPIs include both "canonical" interactions, which are universally conserved, and "non-canonical" (or "secondary") contacts that seem to have emerged in eukaryotes. These two categories of interactions involve discrete binding surfaces, such that some clients and co-chaperones engage Hsp70 with at least two points of contact. While the contributions of canonical interactions to chaperone function are becoming increasingly clear, it can be challenging to deconvolute the roles of secondary interactions. Here, we review what is known about non-canonical contacts and highlight examples where their contributions have been parsed, giving rise to a model in which Hsp70's secondary contacts are not simply sites of additional avidity but are necessary and sufficient to impart unique functions. From this perspective, we propose that further exploration of non-canonical contacts will generate important insights into the evolution of Hsp70 systems and inspire new approaches for developing small molecules that tune Hsp70-mediated proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleta T Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Yin Y, Cheng Z, Fu X, Ji S. MicroRNA-375-3p is implicated in carotid artery stenosis by promoting the cell proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:518. [PMID: 34702176 PMCID: PMC8549333 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the main cause of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) which mostly occurs in the elderly. In this paper, the expression level of miR-375-3p in asymptomatic CAS patients and its diagnostic value for asymptomatic CAS were investigated, and the effects of miR-375-3p on the cell proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was further explored. Methods
98 healthy subjects and 101 asymptomatic CAS patients were participated in this study. qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression level of serum miR-375-3p, and the ROC curve was established to evaluate the predictive value of miR-375-3p for asymptomatic CAS. After transfection with miR-375-3p mimic or inhibitor in vitro, cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of XIAP. Finally, luciferase reporter gene assay was applied to assess the interaction of miR-375-3p with target genes. Results The expression level of serum miR-375-3p in asymptomatic CAS patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls, and the AUC value of ROC curve was 0.888. The sensitivity and specificity were 80.2 and 86.7%, respectively, indicating that miR-375-3p had high diagnostic value for asymptomatic CAS. In vitro cell experiments showed that up-regulation of miR-375-3p significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and also promoted the generation of inflammatory factors and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that XIAP was a target gene of miR-375-3p and was negatively regulated by miR-375-3p. Conclusions In this study, miR-375-3p may have a clinical diagnostic value for asymptomatic CAS patients which need further validation. Increased miR-375-3p levels in CAS may be associated with increased proliferation and migration of VSMCs via downregulation of the apoptosis inducing gene XIAP. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02326-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Shishun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No.4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, 262500, Shandong, China.
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Wang HW, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xie J, Wang YQ, Li YH. FGF21 Protects Against Hypoxia Injury Through Inducing HSP72 in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30842736 PMCID: PMC6391338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of a family of atypical FGFs, functions as cytokine to control endocrinology and metabolism. Recently, the roles of FGF21 in cardio-cerebral-vascular diseases have been gradually uncovered. In the present study, we investigated the effect of FGF21 on bEnd.3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) upon hypoxia stress. Methods and Results: CMECs were cultured in the condition of 1% O2 for 8 h to induce hypoxia stimuli. For FGF21 treatment, recombinant FGF21 (50 nM) was added into the culture medium. Various biomedical assays were used to evaluate the hypoxia-induced injury in CMECs. Under normoxia condition, FGF21 had no obvious effect on cell viability and did not cause any cytotoxicity on CMECs. Under hypoxia condition, FGF21 significantly attenuated the hypoxia-induced injury, evidenced by the influences of FGF21 on CMEC viability and LDH release. TUNEL staining assay and immunoblotting of caspase-3 showed that FGF21 reduced hypoxia-induced apoptosis in CMECs. Mechanistically, FGF21 treatment compromised the hypoxia-induced changes of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant activity, and total superoxide dismutase levels. FGF21 administration decreased hypoxia-induced matrix metalloprotein 3 and matrix metalloprotein 2/9 activity in CMECs. Activities of cyclooxygenase-2 and NF-κB-p65, two pro-inflammatory factors, were also upregulated by hypoxia but suppressed by FGF21. At last, we found that FGF21 increased heat shock protein family A member 1A (HSP72) mRNA and protein expression. Blockade of HSP72 by a pharmacological inhibitor VER155008 or specific siRNA-mediated knockdown abrogated the protection of FGF21 against hypoxia in CMECs. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that FGF21 protects against hypoxia stress-induced injury in CMECs by inducing HSP72 expression, suggesting a therapeutic value of FGF21 in hypoxia-related brain diseases such as ischemic stroke and acute mountain sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Biochemical targets of drugs mitigating oxidative stress via redox-independent mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1225-1252. [PMID: 29101309 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic oxidative stress plays an important role in many pathologies. Two opposite approaches are typically used to prevent the damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), namely treatment either with antioxidants or with weak oxidants that up-regulate endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. This review discusses options for the third pharmacological approach, namely amelioration of oxidative stress by 'redox-inert' compounds, which do not inactivate RONS but either inhibit the basic mechanisms leading to their formation (i.e. inflammation) or help cells to cope with their toxic action. The present study describes biochemical targets of many drugs mitigating acute oxidative stress in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol overdose. In addition to the pro-inflammatory molecules, the targets of mitigating drugs include protein kinases and transcription factors involved in regulation of energy metabolism and cell life/death balance, proteins regulating mitochondrial permeability transition, proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and isoprenoid synthesis. The data may help in identification of oxidative stress mitigators that will be effective in human disease on top of the current standard of care.
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Gola J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Janiszewski A, Skowronek B, Gagoś M, Czernel G, Mazurek U. A new form of amphotericin B - the complex with copper (II) ions - downregulates sTNFR1 shedding and changes the activity of genes involved in TNF-induced pathways: AmB-Cu 2+ downregulates sTNFR1 shedding and changes the activity of genes involved in TNF-induced pathways. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:22-28. [PMID: 27755992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new form of amphotericin B (AmB)- complex with copper (II) ions (AmB-Cu2+) - is less toxic to human renal cells. Cytokines, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), are responsible for nephrotoxicity observed in patients treated with AmB. Another problem during therapy is the occurrence of oxidized forms of AmB (AmB-ox) in patients' circulation. To elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for the reduction of the toxicity of AmB-Cu2+, we evaluated the expression of genes encoding TNF and its receptors alongside encoding proteins involved in TNF-induced signalization. METHODS Renal cells (RPTECs) were treated with AmB, AmB-Cu2+ or AmB-ox. The expression of TNF and its receptors was evaluated by ELISA tests and real-time RT-qPCR. The expression of TNF-related genes was appointed using oligonucleotide microarrays. RESULTS Only sTNFR1 was detected, and its level was lower in AmB-Cu2+- and AmB-ox-treated cells. TNFR1 mRNA was downregulated in AmB-ox, while TNFR2 mRNA was upregulated in AmB and AmB-Cu2+. Several changes in the expression of TNF-related genes coincided with changes in the expression of TNF receptors. CONCLUSIONS The lower toxicity of AmB-Cu2+ could result from the changes in the expression of TNF receptors, which coincided with the changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in TNF-induced pathways. This situation might subsequently result in a changes in intracellular signalization and influence the toxicity of tested forms of AmB on renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Skowronek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Yu Y, Li M, Su N, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Yu H, Xu Y. Honokiol protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via the suppression of oxidative stress, iNOS, inflammation and STAT3 in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1353-60. [PMID: 26647858 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is the predominant active ingredient in the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, Magnolia, which has been confirmed in previous studies to exhibit anti-oxidation, antimicrobial, antitumor and other pharmacological effects. However, its effects on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the effects of honokiol on renal IRI, and to investigate its potential protective mechanisms in the heart. Male adult Wistar albino rats were induced into a renal IRI model. Subsequently, the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the levels of serum nitrite and the kidney nitrite were examined in the IRI group. The levels of oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory factors and caspase-3 were evaluated using a series of commercially available kits. The levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and the protein expression levels of STAT3 were determined using western blotting. Pretreatment with honokiol significantly reduced the levels of serum creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST and ALP, and the level of nitrite in the kidney of the IRI group, compared with the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde, the activity of myeloperoxidase, and the gene expression and activity of iNOS were reduced in the IRI rats, compared with the sham-operated rats, whereas the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased following treatment with honokiol in the IRI rats. In addition, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the IRI rats were increased by honokiol. Treatment with honokiol suppressed the protein expression levels of p-STAT3 and caspase-3 in the IRI rats. These findings indicated that honokiol protects against renal IRI via the suppression of oxidative stress, iNOS, inflammation and STAT3 in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Mingxv Li
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Haidan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Yingluan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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Noh MR, Kim JI, Han SJ, Lee TJ, Park KM. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) gene deficiency attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1895-901. [PMID: 26071644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a transcription factor for the expression of apoptosis-related genes, plays an important role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related organ diseases, including diseases of the kidney. Here, we investigated the role of CHOP in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury using CHOP-knockout (CHOP(-/-)) and wild type (CHOP(+/+)) mice. Fifteen or thirty minutes of bilateral renal ischemia (I/R) insult resulted in necrotic and apoptotic tubular epithelial cell death, together with increases in plasma creatinine (PCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. After I/R, BiP/GRP78 and CHOP expressions in the kidney gradually increased over time. CHOP expression was greater in the outer medulla than that in the cortex and localized intensely in the nucleus. I/R caused apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells in both CHOP(-/-) and CHOP(+/+) mice. The number of apoptotic cells after I/R was lower in CHOP(-/-) mice than that in CHOP(+/+) mice. Consistent with the degree of apoptosis, I/R-induced kidney morphological and functional damages were milder in CHOP(-/-) than that in CHOP(+/+) mice. The cleavage of procaspase-3 and the induction of Bax protein after I/R were lower in CHOP(-/-) than that in CHOP(+/+) mice. In contrast, the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cIAP2, Mcl-1, and XIAP were higher in CHOP(-/-) than that in CHOP(+/+) mice. These results indicate that I/R induces ER stress, leading to the activation of CHOP-associated apoptosis signals, resulting in renal functional and histological damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and MRC, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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