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Kalantari M, Vahedi M, Azizi K, Hosseinpour A, Jamalidoust M, Rezanezhad H, Alipour H, Miri M, Abolhasanbeigi N, Ashraf H. First molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in cockroaches. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023; 78:1153-60. [PMID: 36741802 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus is one of the main pathogens that primarily targets the human respiratory system. There are several ways to transmit this virus, such as direct contact or droplets spread by coughing or sneezing, and direct contact with fomites and surfaces is another way. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz, southern Iran, in 2021. 5 locations, including 3 hospitals and 2 dormitories, were selected for the survey. The cockroaches were collected from selected locations and transferred to the Laboratory of Medical Entomology at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All specimens were identified morphologically. The external and gastrointestinal washouts of collected samples with sterile phosphate-buffered saline separately were used for molecular analysis. An RT-qPCR assay, which suggests the possible insect‑borne transmission, was used. External and gastrointestinal washout of B. germanica from Dastgheyb Dormitory and P. americana from Ali-Asghar Hospital were positive for contamination with the SARS-CoV-2. Cockroaches spread the virus in the environment and contaminate human food and various surfaces of buildings. Their role will be more important in crowded places such as hotels, lodging houses, restaurants, and hospitals; vector control programs should be carried out with more accuracy in such places.
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Chen MH, Abernathy E, Icenogle JP, Perelygina LM. Improved diagnostic and multiplex RT-qPCR for detecting rubella viral RNA. J Virol Methods 2022; 306:114555. [PMID: 35654258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An examination of the nucleic acid sequence alignment of 48 full-length rubella virus genomes revealed that the 5' terminus of the genome is more conserved than the commonly used detection windows for rubella virus RNA located in the E1 protein coding region, suggesting that the 5' terminus could be a target for improving detection of all rubella virus genotypes. Two candidate primer sets were tested and the window between nucleotides (nts) 98 and 251 was found to have the greatest analytical sensitivity for detection of different genotypes. The new method had a limit of detection of four copies of rubella RNA per reaction with high specificity. The average coefficient variation of Ct was 2.2%. Concordance between the new method and currently used method, based on testing 251 clinical specimens collected from a rubella outbreak, was 99.4%. The assay was further improved upon by the incorporation of detection of both rubella virus RNA and mRNA from a cellular reference gene in a multiplex format. The multiplex format did not reduce the sensitivity or the reproducibility of rubella RNA detection and, of 60 specimens tested, the concordance between the single target and multiplex assays was 85.0%. To assess the utility of the multiplex assay for molecular surveillance, 62 rubella IgM positive serum samples from a rubella outbreak were tested, and eleven tested positive using the multiplex method while none were positive using the method targeting E1. These results show that the assay based on the new detection window near the 5' terminus of the genome can improve the detection of rubella virus for the purpose of molecular surveillance and case confirmation, with the added benefit of improved efficiency due to multiplexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsin Chen
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Emily Abernathy
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Joseph P Icenogle
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ludmila M Perelygina
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Pierri B, Mancusi A, Proroga YTR, Capuano F, Cerino P, Girardi S, Vassallo L, Lo Conte G, Tafuro M, Cuomo MC, Di Concilio D, Vicenza T, Cozzi L, Di Pasquale S, La Rosa G, Beikpour F, Suffredini E. SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swabs: Performance characteristics of a real-time RT-qPCR and a droplet digital RT-PCR assay based on the exonuclease region (ORF1b, nsp 14). J Virol Methods 2022; 300:114420. [PMID: 34902456 PMCID: PMC8660663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a compelling request for accurate diagnostic tests. The aim of this study was assessing the performance of a real-time RT-qPCR (rt RT-qPCR) assay and of a droplet digital RT-PCR (dd RT-PCR) targeting the nsp14 genome region for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. A total of 258 nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed with the nsp14 assays and, for comparison, with a reference assay targeting the RdRp and E genes. Conflicting results were further investigated by two additional protocols, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) real-time targeting N1/N2, and a nested RT-PCR for the spike region. Agreement of results was achieved on 226 samples (156 positive and 70 negative), 8 samples were positive in the reference assay and in the nsp14 rt RT-qPCR but negative with the dd RT-PCR, and 24 samples provided different combinations of results with the three assays. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (95 %C.I.) of the nsp14 assays were: 100.0 % (97.4-100.0), 98.7 % (92.1-100.0), and 99.6 % (97.5-100.0) for the rt RT-qPCR; 92.4 % (87.4-95.6), 100.0 % (94.2-100.0), and 94.7 % (91.1-97.0) for the dd RT-PCR. The results of the study support the use of the nsp14 real-time RT-qPCR and ddPCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Pierri
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Yolande T R Proroga
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Federico Capuano
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Santa Girardi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Lucia Vassallo
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lo Conte
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Maria Tafuro
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cuomo
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Denise Di Concilio
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Teresa Vicenza
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cozzi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Di Pasquale
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Farzad Beikpour
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Chambers GA, Geering ADW, Holford P, Vidalakis G, Donovan NJ. Development of a one-step RT-qPCR detection assay for the newly described citrus viroid VII. J Virol Methods 2021; 299:114330. [PMID: 34648820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An apscaviroid, tentatively named citrus viroid VII (CVd-VII), was recently discovered in citrus in Australia. A diagnostic assay using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was developed and validated to detect the viroid in citrus plants. The assay showed a high level of sensitivity, reliably detecting 2000 plasmid copies per reaction, while down to 20 plasmid copies per reaction were occasionally detected. The assay showed high specificity, producing no false positives or cross-reactivity with a range of other citrus graft-transmissible pathogens, including viroids, viruses and bacteria. The real-time assay was also found to be more sensitive than the available end-point reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay by a factor of 100,000 and could be a useful tool for the rapid detection of CVd-VII in diagnostic and research environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Chambers
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia.
| | - Andrew D W Geering
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Paul Holford
- Western Sydney University, School of Science, LB 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2752, Australia
| | - Georgios Vidalakis
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nerida J Donovan
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Private Bag 4008, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
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Campbell DEK, Langlois VS. Thyroid hormones and androgens differentially regulate gene expression in testes and ovaries of sexually mature Silurana tropicalis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:172-182. [PMID: 29990494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of ex vivo exposures using testicular and ovarian tissues of sexually mature Western clawed frogs (Silurana tropicalis) were designed to examine molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone (TH) and androgen crosstalk sans hypophyseal feedback as well as investigate potential sex-specific differences. Tissues were exposed ex vivo to either triiodothyronine (T3), iopanoic acid (IOP), one co-treatment of IOP + 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), 5α-DHT, 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT), or testosterone (T). Direct exposure to different androgens led to androgen specific increases in thyroid receptor and deiodinase transcripts in testes (trβ and dio1) but a decrease in expression in ovaries (trβ and dio3), suggesting that male and female frogs can be differently affected by androgenic compounds. Moreover, exposure to select androgens differentially increased estrogen-related transcription (estrogen receptor alpha (erα) and aromatase (cyp19)) and production (estradiol) in ovaries and testes indicating the activation of alternate metabolic pathways yielding estrogenic metabolites. Sex-steroid-related transcription (i.e., steroid 5α-reductase type 2 (srd5α2) and erα) and production (i.e., 5α-DHT) were also differentially regulated by THs. The presence and frequency of transcription factor binding sites in the putative promoter regions of TH- and sex steroid-related genes were also examined in S. tropicalis, rodent, and fish models using in silico analysis. In summary, this study provides an improved mechanistic understanding of TH- and androgen-mediated actions and reveals differential transcriptional effects as a function of sex in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E K Campbell
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - V S Langlois
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Perlikos F, Lagiou M, Papalois A, Rizou T, Kroupis C, Toumpoulis IK. Lazaroid (U-74389G) ameliorates lung injury due to lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthase-dependent reactive oxygen species generation caused by remote systematic ischemia-reperfusion following thoracoabdominal aortic occlusion. Int J Surg 2018; 55:156-161. [PMID: 29860124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.05.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury after thoracoabdominal aortic occlusion represents a major complication, which increases morbidity and mortality. In the present study we hypothesized that lazaroid U-74389G intravenous administration protects from lung ischemia-reperfusion injury through lipid peroxidation inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 24 pigs were randomized in three groups. Group I (n = 8) underwent sham operation, group II (n = 8) underwent thoracoabdominal aortic occlusion for 45min and received placebo and group III (n = 8) received 3 doses of lazaroid (3 mg/kg) 60 and 30min before thoracoabdominal aortic occlusion and at 30min during thoracoabdominal aortic occlusion (duration 45min). Aortic occlusion was performed with aortic balloon-catheters under fluoroscopic guidance. All animals were sacrificed at the 7 t h postoperative day and lung specimens were harvested for molecular analysis. RESULTS mRNA levels of leukotrienes LB4 (LTB4R2), LC4 (LTC4S) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms including iNOS, nNOS and eNOS were determined with real-time RT-qPCR. Nitric oxide can either induce (iNOS) or inhibit (nNOS and eNOS) lipid peroxidation based on its specific isoform origin. Group III showed significantly reduced mRNA levels of LTB4R2 (-63.7%), LTC4S (-35.9%) and iNOS (-60.2%) when compared with group II (P < 0.05, for all). The mRNA levels of nNOS was significantly increased (+37.4%), while eNOS was slightly increased (+2.1%) in group III when compared with group II (P < 0.05 and P = 0.467 respectively). CONCLUSION Lazaroid U-74389G may represent an effective pharmacologic intervention in reducing lung ischemia-reperfusion injury following thoracoabdominal aortic occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Perlikos
- First Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Lagiou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Tatiana Rizou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Toumpoulis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Gola J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Wieczorek E, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Adamska J, Gagoś M, Czernel G, Mazurek U. Amphotericin B-copper (II) complex alters transcriptional activity of genes encoding transforming growth factor-beta family members and related proteins in renal cells. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1308-1314. [PMID: 29128814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several chemical modifications have been developed to overcome the toxicity of amphotericin B (AmB). Oxidized forms of AmB (AmB-ox), which may occur in patient's circulation during therapy, are as toxic as AmB. Complexes with copper (II) ions (AmB-Cu2+) have been reported to be less toxic to human cells. Previous studies showed that AmB changed the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of AmB and its modified forms on the expression of genes encoding for TGF-β family members and related proteins in renal cells. METHODS Human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTEC) were treated with AmB-Cu2+, AmB, or the oxidized form AmB-ox. The expression of TGF-β family members and related genes was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays. TGF-β1 protein level was determined using ELISA method. The mRNA level of TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β receptors and differentiating genes was evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR. RESULTS AmB-Cu2+ increased the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 isoforms and two genes encoding receptors: TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. TGF-β1 protein level in culture medium was not increased after stimulation with AmB-Cu2+. Microarray analysis revealed changes in both pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic genes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AmB-Cu2+ may induce repair mechanisms in renal proximal tubule cells via changes in the expression of genes involved in intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jolanta Adamska
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Gola J, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Janiszewski A, Skowronek B, Gagoś M, Czernel G, Mazurek U. A new form of amphotericin B - the complex with copper (II) ions - downregulates sTNFR1 shedding and changes the activity of genes involved in TNF-induced pathways: AmB-Cu 2+ downregulates sTNFR1 shedding and changes the activity of genes involved in TNF-induced pathways. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:22-28. [PMID: 27755992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new form of amphotericin B (AmB)- complex with copper (II) ions (AmB-Cu2+) - is less toxic to human renal cells. Cytokines, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), are responsible for nephrotoxicity observed in patients treated with AmB. Another problem during therapy is the occurrence of oxidized forms of AmB (AmB-ox) in patients' circulation. To elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for the reduction of the toxicity of AmB-Cu2+, we evaluated the expression of genes encoding TNF and its receptors alongside encoding proteins involved in TNF-induced signalization. METHODS Renal cells (RPTECs) were treated with AmB, AmB-Cu2+ or AmB-ox. The expression of TNF and its receptors was evaluated by ELISA tests and real-time RT-qPCR. The expression of TNF-related genes was appointed using oligonucleotide microarrays. RESULTS Only sTNFR1 was detected, and its level was lower in AmB-Cu2+- and AmB-ox-treated cells. TNFR1 mRNA was downregulated in AmB-ox, while TNFR2 mRNA was upregulated in AmB and AmB-Cu2+. Several changes in the expression of TNF-related genes coincided with changes in the expression of TNF receptors. CONCLUSIONS The lower toxicity of AmB-Cu2+ could result from the changes in the expression of TNF receptors, which coincided with the changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in TNF-induced pathways. This situation might subsequently result in a changes in intracellular signalization and influence the toxicity of tested forms of AmB on renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strzałka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Skowronek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Stefan CP, Chase K, Coyne S, Kulesh DA, Minogue TD, Koehler JW. Development of real-time reverse transcriptase qPCR assays for the detection of Punta Toro virus and Pichinde virus. Virol J 2016; 13:54. [PMID: 27029488 PMCID: PMC4815133 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research with high biocontainment pathogens such as Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Lassa virus (LASV) is expensive, potentially hazardous, and limited to select institutions. Surrogate pathogens such as Punta Toro virus (PTV) for RVFV infection and Pichinde virus (PICV) for LASV infection allow research to be performed under more permissive BSL-2 conditions. Although used as infection models, PTV and PICV have no standard real-time RT-qPCR assays to detect and quantify pathogenesis. PTV is also a human pathogen, making a standardized detection assay essential for biosurveillance. Here, we developed and characterized two real-time RT-qPCR assays for PICV and PTV by optimizing assay conditions and measuring the limit of detection (LOD) and performance in multiple clinical matrices. Methods Total nucleic acid from virus-infected Vero E6 cells was used to optimize TaqMan-minor groove binder (MGB) real-time RT-qPCR assays. A 10-fold dilution series of nucleic acid was used to perform analytical experiments with 60 replicates used to confirm assay LODs. Serum and whole blood spiked with 10-fold dilutions of PTV and PICV virus were assessed as matrices in a mock clinical context. The Cq, or cycle at which the fluoresce of each sample first crosses a threshold line, was determined using the second derivative method using Roche LightCycler 480 software version 1.5.1. Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) was utilized to quantitatively determine RNA target counts/μl for PTV and PICV. Results Optimized PTV and PICV assays had LODs of 1000 PFU/ml and 100 PFU/ml, respectively, and this LOD was confirmed in 60/60 (PTV) and 58/60 (PICV) positive replicates. Preliminary mock clinical LODs remained consistent in serum and whole blood for PTV and PICV at 1000 PFU/ml and 100 PFU/ml. An exclusivity panel showed no cross reaction with near neighbors. Conclusions PTV and PICV Taq-man MGB based real-time RT-qPCR assays developed here showed relevant sensitivity and reproducibility in samples extracted from a variety of clinical matrices. These assays will be useful as a standard by researchers for future experiments utilizing PTV and PICV as infection models, offering the ability to track infection and viral replication kinetics during research studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0509-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Stefan
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Kitty Chase
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Susan Coyne
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - David A Kulesh
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Timothy D Minogue
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Koehler
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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