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Liao J, Wei M, Wang J, Zeng J, Liu D, Du Q, Ge J, Mei Z. Naotaifang formula attenuates OGD/R-induced inflammation and ferroptosis by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization through BMP6/SMADs signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115465. [PMID: 37713988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), a subsequent injury caused by thrombolytic reperfusion post ischemic stroke (IS). Naotaifang (NTF) formula, a novel traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remedy against IS, was shown to exert beneficial effects in inhibiting inflammation and inhibiting lipid peroxide synthesis in our previous research. PURPOSE This study aimed to further explore the role of NTF in attenuating oxygen-glucose deprivation//reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced inflammation and ferroptosis by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization through the bone morphogenetic protein 6(BMP6)/SMADs signaling pathway. METHODS BV2 microglia were used to establish an OGD/R model. The effects of NTF on inflammation and ferroptosis in OGD/R-injured BV2 cells were separately detected by immunofluorescence assay, fluorescent probe, DCFH-DA flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western-blot. RESULTS The present results revealed that the M1 phenotype of microglia promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aggravated ferroptosis and brain damage following OGD/R. However, an inhibitor of BMP6, LND-193189, reversed the aforementioned effects. Similarly, NTF promoted the shift of microglia from M1 to M2. Besides, NTF treatment effectively inhibited the expression of hepcidin, BMP6, SMADs and promoted the expression of ferroportin (FPN, SLC40A1) and γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (glutathione or GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4). CONCLUSION Microglial M1/M2 polarization plays a pivotal role in inflammation and ferroptosis during OGD/R. The BMP6/SMADs signaling pathway is a potential therapeutical target of inflammation and ferroptosis induced by the transformation of microglia. Moreover, NTF could alleviate inflammation and ferroptosis through the BMP6/SMADs signaling pathway in OGD/R-injured microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Mengzhen Wei
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qiusi Du
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410031, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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Zhao F, Behnisch T. The Enigmatic CA2: Exploring the Understudied Region of the Hippocampus and Its Involvement in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1996. [PMID: 37509636 PMCID: PMC10377725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects both motor and non-motor functions. Although motor impairment is a prominent clinical sign of PD, additional neurological symptoms may also occur, particularly in the preclinical and prodromal stages. Among these symptoms, social cognitive impairment is common and detrimental. This article aims to review non-motor symptoms in PD patients, focusing on social cognitive deficits. It also examines the specific characteristics of the CA2 region and its involvement in social behavior, highlighting recent advances and perspectives. Additionally, this review provides critical insights into and analysis of research conducted in rodents and humans, which may help improve the understanding of the current status of putative therapeutic strategies for social cognitive dysfunction in PD and potential avenues related to the function of the hippocampal CA2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tan Z, Dong F, Wu L, Feng Y, Zhang M, Zhang F. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Alleviates Brain Ischemic Injury by Regulating Neuronal Oxidative Stress, Pyroptosis, and Mitophagy. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:5677865. [PMID: 37101593 PMCID: PMC10125764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5677865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a noninvasive treatment, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been utilized to treat various diseases in clinic. However, whether TENS can be an effective intervention in the acute stage of ischemic stroke still remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether TENS could alleviate brain infarct volume, reduce oxidative stress and neuronal pyroptosis, and activate mitophagy following ischemic stroke. Methods TENS was performed at 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats for 3 consecutive days. Neurological scores, the volume of infarction, and the activity of SOD, MDA, GSH, and GSH-px were measured. Moreover, western blot was performed to detect the related protein expression, including Bcl-2, Bax, TXNIP, GSDMD, caspase-1, NLRP3, BRCC3, HIF-1α, BNIP3, LC3, and P62. Real-time PCR was performed to detect NLRP3 expression. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the levels of LC3. Results There was no significant difference of neurological deficit scores between the MCAO group and the TENS group at 2 h after MCAO/R operation (P > 0.05), while the neurological deficit scores of TENS group significantly decreased in comparison with MCAO group at 72 h following MACO/R injury (P < 0.05). Similarly, TENS treatment significantly reduced the brain infarct volume compared with the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Moreover, TENS decreased the expression of Bax, TXNIP, GSDMD, caspase-1, BRCC3, NLRP3, and P62 and the activity of MDA as well as increasing the level of Bcl-2, HIF-1α, BNIP3, and LC3 and the activity of SOD, GSH, and GSH-px (P < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, our results indicated that TENS alleviated brain damage following ischemic stroke via inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress and pyroptosis and activating mitophagy, possibly via the regulation of TXNIP, BRCC3/NLRP3, and HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 05005, China
| | - Linyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yashuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Fang R, Hu H, Zhou Y, Wang S, Mei Z, She R, Peng X, Jiang Q, Wang X, Xie L, Lin H, Meng P, Zhang K, Wang W, Xie Y, Liu L, Tong J, Wu D, Luo Y, Liu C, Lu Y, Yu S, Cheng S, Xu L, Fang Z, Shang H, Ge J. Efficacy and safety of naotaifang capsules for hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease: Study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:967457. [PMID: 36686705 PMCID: PMC9853990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease (HT-CSVD) is a cerebrovascular clinical, imaging and pathological syndrome caused by hypertension (HT). The condition manifests with lesions in various vessels including intracranial small/arterioles, capillaries, and small/venules. Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease has complex and diverse clinical manifestations. For instance, it can present as an acute stroke which progresses to cause cognitive decline, affective disorder, unstable gait, dysphagia, or abnormal urination. Moreover, hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease causes 25-30% of all cases of ischemic strokes and more than 50% of all cases of single or mixed dementias. The 1-year recurrence rate of stroke in cerebral small vessel disease patients with hypertension is 14%. In the early stage of development, the symptoms of hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease are concealed and often ignored by patients and even clinicians. Patients with an advanced hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease manifest with severe physical and mental dysfunction. Therefore, this condition has a substantial economic burden on affected families and society. Naotaifang (NTF) is potentially effective in improving microcirculation and neurofunction in patients with ischemic stroke. In this regard, this multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to furtherly evaluate the efficacy and safety of naotaifang capsules on hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease. Methods: This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 388 eligible subjects were recruited from the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, the First Hospital of Shaoyang University, the First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changde, and Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2020 to April 2022. After a 4-week run-in period, all participants were divided into the intervention group (represented by Y-T, N-T) and control group (represented by Y-C, N-C); using a stratified block randomized method based on the presence or absence of brain damage symptoms in hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease (represented by Y and N). The Y-T and N-T groups were administered different doses of naotaifang capsules, whereas Y-C and N-C groups received placebo treatment. These four groups received the treatments for 6 months. The primary outcome included Fazekas scores and dilated Virchow-robin spaces (dVRS) grades on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The secondary outcomes included the number of lacunar infarctions (LI) and cerebral microbleeds (CMB) on magnetic resonance imaging, clinical blood pressure (BP) level, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale, and safety outcomes. Fazekas scores, dilated Virchow-robin spaces grades, and the number of lacunar infarctions and cerebral microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging were tested before enrollment and after 6 months of treatment. The clinical blood pressure level, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, mini-mental state examination scale and safety outcomes were tested before enrollment, after 3-month, 6-month treatment and 12th-month follow-up respectively. Conclusion: The protocol will comfirm whether naotaifang capsules reduce Fazekas scores, dilated Virchow-robin spaces grades, and the number of lacunar infarctions and cerebral microbleeds, clinical blood pressure, increase mini-mental state examination scores, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of Qi deficiency and blood stasis (QDBS), and improve the quality of life of subjects. The consolidated evidence from this study will shed light on the benefits of Chinese herbs for hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease, such as nourishing qi, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and dredging collaterals. However, additional clinical trials with large samples and long intervention periods will be required for in-depth research. Clinical Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900024524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Neurology Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruining She
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiwen Peng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiling Jiang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Xie
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyuan Lin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Meng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Radiology Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Health Management Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Litao Liu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China,Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Tong
- Neurology Department,The First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changde (Changde Hospital Affiliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Dahua Wu
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Luo
- Health Management Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Neurology Department,The First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changde (Changde Hospital Affiliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Yifang Lu
- Health Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shangzhen Yu
- Neurology Department, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Jiangmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jinan University), Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Jiangsu Province Innovation Center of TCM Hypertension Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Najing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Zhuyuan Fang, ; Hongcai Shang, ; Jinwen Ge,
| | - Hongcai Shang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhuyuan Fang, ; Hongcai Shang, ; Jinwen Ge,
| | - Jinwen Ge
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Zhuyuan Fang, ; Hongcai Shang, ; Jinwen Ge,
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Lou Y, Ma M, Jiang Y, Xu H, Gao Z, Gao L, Wang Y. Ferroptosis: A new strategy for traditional Chinese medicine treatment of stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Uncovering the Neuroprotective Effect of Hedysarum multijugum Maxim- Chuanxiong Rhizoma Compound on Cerebral Infarction through Quantitative Proteomics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5241902. [PMID: 35378910 PMCID: PMC8976648 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5241902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To uncover the neuroprotective effect of Hedysarum multijugum Maxim-Chuanxiong Rhizoma compound (Huangqi-Chuanxiong Compound (HCC)) on cerebral infarction (CI) through quantitative proteomics. Method CI model was established by the modified Zea Longa intracavitary suture blocking method. After modeling, the rats were given intragastric administration for 7 days, once a day. After the 7-day intervention, the neurological function score was performed, the brain tissue was pathologically observed, and the total serum protein was extracted. Then, these proteins were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the HCC/CI group and CI/sham operation group. Finally, bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze DEPs, including gene ontology (GO) analysis, pathway analysis, and protein interaction analysis. ELISA and Western blotting were used to verify the proteomics results. Result The neurological function scores of the HCC group were lower than those of the CI group. HE staining showed that the pathological results of the HCC group were improved. A total of 1340 proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, of which 1138 proteins contain quantitative information. There are 122 DEPs in the CI/sham operation group and 25 DEPs in the HCC/CI group with fold change >1.3 or <0.77 and FDR<0.05. The 12 upregulated proteins in HCC/CI group include Protein Actn2, Kelch-like protein 41, Alpha-1, 4 glucan phosphorylase, Protein Lrtm2, Dystrophin, Galectin-1, and C4b-binding protein beta chain. The 13 downregulated proteins include Alpha-2 antiplasmin, Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, Carbonic anhydrase 2, Complement factor I, angiotensinogen, catalase, Protein LOC103691744, and Anionic trypsin-1. The bioinformatics analysis showed that HCC may treat CI through regulating cell-substrate adhesion and regulation, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, angiotensin response (cellular response to angiotensin), positive regulation of the occurrence of nerves and neurons (positive regulation of neurogenesis), inflammatory response, response to hypoxia (response to hypoxia, response to decreased oxygen levels), and cellular calcium homeostasis (cellular calcium ion homeostasis). The results of ELISA and Western blot also showed that, compared with model group, the angiotensinogen and catalase in HCC group were decreased (P < 0.05), which is consistent with the findings of proteomics. Conclusion The therapeutic mechanism of HCC in the treatment of CI may involve fibrinolysis, cell-matrix adhesion, inflammation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress.
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Metabonomics Study on Naotaifang Extract Alleviating Neuronal Apoptosis after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2112433. [PMID: 35321499 PMCID: PMC8938065 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Naotaifang extract (NTE) is a clinically effective traditional Chinese medicine compound for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although NTE can achieve neuroprotective function through different mechanisms, the pharmacodynamic substances of NTE corresponding to these mechanisms have rarely been reported. Alleviating or inhibiting neuronal apoptosis is an important way to achieve neuroprotection. Accordingly, this study has evaluated the effects of NTE on alleviating neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury from two levels of cells and tissues. Meanwhile, the serum pharmacochemistry of NTE was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with the guidance of Chinmedomics. The results included three aspects: (1) NTE could significantly alleviate neuronal apoptosis caused by in vitro cellular models and in vivo animal models; (2) a total of 21 serum differential metabolites was discovered, including adenosine, inosine, ferulic acid, calycosin, salidroside, 6-gingerol, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, and so on; (3) the metabolic pathway regulated by NTE was mainly purine metabolism. From these results, it can be concluded that alleviating neuronal apoptosis by NTE after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the important mechanisms to achieve neuroprotection. The pharmacodynamic substances of NTE for alleviating neuronal apoptosis on the one hand are related to components directly absorbed into blood, such as ferulic acid, calycosin, salidroside, 6-gingerol, and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde and on the other hand are also closely linked to its indirect regulation of purine metabolism in the body to produce adenosine and inosine. Therefore, our research not only identified the main pharmacodynamic substances of NTE that alleviated neuronal apoptosis but also provided a methodological reference for studying other neuroprotective effects of NTE.
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Huang P, Wan H, Shao C, Li C, Zhang L, He Y. Recent Advances in Chinese Herbal Medicine for Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:688596. [PMID: 35111041 PMCID: PMC8801784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a critical factor that leads to a poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke. It is an extremely complicated pathological process that is clinically characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. Current available treatments for CI/RI, including mechanical and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CI/RI. Many studies confirm that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was used as a potential drug for treatment of CI/RI with the advantages of abundant resources, good efficacy, and few side effects. In this paper, we investigate the latest drug discoveries and advancements on CI/RI, make an overview of relevant CHM, and systematically summarize the pathophysiology of CI/RI. In addition, the protective effect and mechanism of related CHM, which includes extraction of single CHM and CHM formulation and preparation, are discussed. Moreover, an outline of the limitations of CHM and the challenges we faced are also presented. This review will be helpful for researchers further propelling the advancement of drugs and supplying more knowledge to support the application of previous discoveries in clinical drug applications against CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Yang T, Chen X, Mei Z, Liu X, Feng Z, Liao J, Deng Y, Ge J. An Integrated Analysis of Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Reveal the Mechanism of Chinese Medicine Formula Naotaifang in Treating Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:3783-3808. [PMID: 34522084 PMCID: PMC8434864 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s328837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a crucial factor leading to a poor prognosis for ischemic stroke patients. As a novel Chinese medicine formula, Naotaifang (NTF) was proven to exhibit a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke, clinically, and to alleviate CIRI in animals. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect have not been fully elucidated. METHODS In this study, we combined a network pharmacology approach and an in vivo experiment to explore the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of NTF in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury. A research strategy based on network pharmacology, combining target prediction, network construction, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking was used to predict the targets of NTF in treating the ischemic stroke and CIRI. On the other hand, we used HPLC and HRMS to identify biologically active components of NTF. Middle cerebral artery occlusion models in rats were utilized to evaluate the effect and the underlying mechanisms of NTF against CIRI after ischemic stroke. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed 43 potential targets and 14 signaling pathways for the treatment of NTF against CIRI after ischemic stroke. Functional enrichment analysis showed that a STAT3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway serves as the target for in vivo experimental study validation. The results of animal experiments showed that NTF significantly alleviated CIRI by decreasing neurological score, infarct volume, numbers of apoptotic neuronal cells, increasing density of dendritic spines and survival of neurons. Furthermore, NTF could increase the expression of p-STAT3, PI3K, p-AKT. In addition, the detection of apoptosis-related factors showed that the NTF could raise the expression of Bcl-2 and reduce the expression of Bax. CONCLUSION This network pharmacological and experimental study indicated that NTF, as a therapeutic candidate for the management of CIRI following ischemic stroke, may exert a protective effect through the STAT3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Yang K, Zeng L, Ge A, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhu X, Ge J. Exploring the Regulatory Mechanism of Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.- Chuanxiong Rhizoma Compound on HIF-VEGF Pathway and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury's Biological Network Based on Systematic Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:601846. [PMID: 34248611 PMCID: PMC8267578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.601846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical research found that Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.-Chuanxiong Rhizoma Compound (HCC) has definite curative effect on cerebral ischemic diseases, such as ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIR). However, its mechanism for treating cerebral ischemia is still not fully explained. Methods: The traditional Chinese medicine related database were utilized to obtain the components of HCC. The Pharmmapper were used to predict HCC’s potential targets. The CIR genes were obtained from Genecards and OMIM and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data of HCC’s targets and IS genes were obtained from String database. After that, the DAVID platform was applied for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, a series of animal experiments were carried out to further explore the mechanism of HCC intervention in CIR. Results: The prediction results of systematic pharmacology showed that HCC can regulate CIR-related targets (such as AKT1, MAPK1, CASP3, EGFR), biological processes (such as angiogenesis, neuronal axonal injury, blood coagulation, calcium homeostasis) and signaling pathways (such as HIF-1, VEGF, Ras, FoxO signaling). The experiments showed that HCC can improve the neurological deficit score, decrease the volume of cerebral infarction and up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α/VEGF and VEGFR protein and mRNA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HCC may play a therapeutic role by regulating CIR-related targets, biological processes and signaling pathways found on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,School of Graduate, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
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11
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Bai X, Zhang M. Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervenes in Vascular Dementia: Traditional Medicine Brings New Expectations. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:689625. [PMID: 34194332 PMCID: PMC8236843 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.689625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is one of the most common forms of dementia, referring to a group of symptoms that mainly manifest as advanced neurocognitive dysfunction induced by cerebrovascular disease (CVD). A significant number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a clinical impact on VD and thus has promising prospects. There have been many discussions regarding the pharmacological mechanisms involved in treatment of the kidney, elimination of turbidity, and promotion of blood circulation. TCM has a prominent effect on improving patients' cognitive function and quality of life. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of VD in modern medicine and TCM, traditional prescriptions, single-agent effective ingredients and their pharmacological mechanisms for treating VD, highlight TCM's characteristics, and discuss TCM's multi-targeted mechanism for the treatment of VD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Wu L, Liu M, Liang J, Li N, Yang D, Cai J, Zhang Y, He Y, Chen Z, Ma T. Ferroptosis as a New Mechanism in Parkinson's Disease Therapy Using Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659584. [PMID: 34163356 PMCID: PMC8215498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. To date, among medications used to treat PD, only levodopa exhibits a limited disease-modifying effect on early-onset PD, but it cannot delay the progression of the disease. In 2018, for the first time, the World Health Organization included traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in its influential global medical compendium. The use of TCM in the treatment of PD has a long history. At present, TCM can help treat and prevent PD. Iron metabolism is closely associated with PD. Ferroptosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent cell death. The research literature indicates that ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons is an important pathogenetic mechanism of PD. TCM may thus play unique roles in the treatment of PD and provide new ideas for the treatment of PD by regulating pathways associated with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingtao Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Cai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Lan B, Ge JW, Cheng SW, Zheng XL, Liao J, He C, Rao ZQ, Wang GZ. Extract of Naotaifang, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, protects neuron ferroptosis induced by acute cerebral ischemia in rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:344-350. [PMID: 32107172 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous research showed that Naotaifang (a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine) extract (NTE) has clinically beneficial effects on neurological improvement of patients with acute cerebral ischemia. In this study, we investigated whether NTE protected acute brain injury in rats and whether its effects on ferroptosis could be linked to the dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and iron metabolism. METHODS We established an acute brain injury model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, in which we could observe the accumulation of iron in neurons, as detected by Perl's staining. Using assay kits, we measured expression levels of ferroptosis biomarkers, such as iron, glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA); further the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and GPX4 were determined using immunohistochemical analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. RESULTS We found that treatment with NTE reduced the expression levels of TFR1 and DMT1, reduced ROS, MDA and iron accumulation and reduced neurobehavioral scores, relative to untreated MCAO rats. Treatment with NTE increased the expression levels of SLC7A11, GPX4 and GSH, and the number of Nissl bodies in the MCAO rats. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that acute cerebral ischemia induces neuronal ferroptosis and the effects of treating MCAO rats with NTE involved inhibition of ferroptosis through the TFR1/DMT1 and SCL7A11/GPX4 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Jin-Wen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Shao-Wu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Chao He
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Zheng-Qing Rao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Guo-Zuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China.
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Park JA, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim JD, Won MH, Lee CH. Age‑dependent increase in the expression of antioxidant‑like protein‑1 in the gerbil hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3215-9. [PMID: 27511601 PMCID: PMC5042740 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant-like protein-1 (AOP-1) reduces the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, the age‑related change in AOP‑1 expression in the hippocampus among young, adult and aged gerbils was compared using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the protein expression of AOP‑1 was gradually and significantly increased in the hippocampus during the normal aging process. In addition, the age‑dependent increase in AOP‑1 immunoreactivity was also observed in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus proper; however, in the dentate gyrus, AOP‑1 immunoreactivity was not altered during the normal aging process. These results indicated that the expression of AOP‑1 is significantly increased in the hippocampus proper, but not in the dentate gyrus, during the normal aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Chungcheong 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Chungcheong 31116, Republic of Korea
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