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Cao S, Wang D, Liu L, Yao J, Wang L, Liao Y, Zhang J, Zhao J, Huang Y, Hao Z. Association of ACTN4 Gene Mutation with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Children in Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024. [PMID: 38949978 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between ACTN4 gene mutation and primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children in Guangxi Autonomous Region, China. Methods: The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence ACTN4 gene in 155 children with PNS in Guangxi Autonomous Region in China, with 98 healthy children serving as controls. Twenty-three exon-specific capture probes targeting ACTN4 were designed and used to hybridize with the genomic DNA library. The targeted genomic region DNA fragments were enriched and sequenced. The protein levels of ACTN4 in both case and control groups were quantified using ELISA method. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed five unique ACTN4 mutations exclusively in patients with PNS, including c.1516G>A (p.G506S) on one exon in 2 patients, c.1442 + 10G>A at the splice site in 1 patient, c.1649A>G (p.D550G) on exon in 1 patient, c.2191-4G>A at the cleavage site in 2 patients, and c.2315C>T (p.A772V) on one exon in 1 patient. The c.1649A>G (p.D550G) and c.2315C>T (p.A772V) were identified from the same patient. Notably, c.1649A>G (p.D550G) represents a novel mutation in ACTN4. In addition, three other ACTN4 polymorphisms occurred in both case and control groups, including c.162 + 6C>T (1 patient in case group and 2 patients in control group), c.572 + 11G>A (1 patient in case group and 2 patients in control group), and c.2191-5C>T (4 patients in the case group and 3 patients in control group). The serum ACTN4 concentration in the case group was markedly higher, averaging 544.7 ng/mL (range: 264.6-952.6 ng/mL), compared with 241.20 ng/mL (range: 110.75-542.35 ng/mL) in the control group. Conclusion: Five ACTN4 polymorphisms were identified among children with PNS in Guangxi Autonomous Region, China, including the novel mutation c.1649A>G. The lower serum levels of α-actinin-4 in the case group suggest that this protein might play a protective role in PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Xu F. Characteristics of sodium and water retention in rats with nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:309. [PMID: 37880610 PMCID: PMC10599035 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by renal sodium and water retention. The mechanisms are not fully elucidated. METHODS The NS rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). The plasma electrolyte level and urinary sodium excretion were monitored dynamically. The changes of some sodium transporters, including epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) and Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) in renal cortex at different time points and the level of peripheral circulation factors were detected. RESULTS The urinary sodium excretion of the model group increased significantly on the first day, then decreased compared with the control group, and there was no significant difference between the model group and the control group on the 12th day. The changes of peripheral circulation factors were not obvious. Some sodium transporters in renal cortex increased in varying degrees, while NKCC2 decreased significantly compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of NS edema may not be related to the angiotensin system. The decrease of urinary sodium excretion is independent of the development of albuminuria. During the 18 days of observation, it can be divided into three stages: sodium retention, sodium compensation, and simple water retention. The mechanism is related to the increased expression of α-ENaC, γ-ENaC, NHE3 and NCC in a certain period of time, the compensatory decrease of NKCC2 expression and the continuous increase of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiping Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Longzihu Road 350, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Metabolomic Analysis of Stephania tetrandra- Astragalus membranaceus Herbal Pair-Improving Nephrotic Syndrome Identifies Activation of IL-13/STAT6 Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010088. [PMID: 36678585 PMCID: PMC9863900 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Stephania tetrandra−Astragalus membranaceus herbal pair (FH) is a classic herbal pair widely used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The effects of Stephania tetrandra (FJ) and Astragalus membranaceus (HQ) on NS have been reported, but the mechanism of their combination on the improvement of NS are still unclear. The NS model was established by injecting adriamycin into the tail vein. FH intervention reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary protein, and the gene expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in NS rats. In addition, FH improved kidney injury in NS rats by inhibiting the expression of interleukin 13 (IL-13), phospho-signal transducers, and activators of transcription 6 (p-STAT6), Bax, cleaved-caspase3, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2. By comprehensive comparison of multiple indexes, the effects of FH on lipid metabolism, glomerular filtration rate, and inflammation were superior to that of FJ and HQ. Metabonomic studies showed that, compared with FJ and HQ, FH intervention significantly regulated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis showed that succinic acid and L-aspartic acid were negatively correlated with urinary protein, cystatin C (Cys C) and BUN (p < 0.05). In summary, FH could reduce renal injury and improve NS through inhibiting the IL-13/STAT6 signal pathway, regulating endogenous metabolic pathways, such as TCA cycle, and inhibiting the expression of AQP2 and AVP genes. This study provides a comprehensive strategy to reveal the mechanism of FH on the treatment of NS, and also provides a reasonable way to clarify the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Guo L, Fu B, Liu Y, Hao N, Ji Y, Yang H. Diuretic resistance in patients with kidney disease: Challenges and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114058. [PMID: 36473405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Edema caused by kidney disease is called renal edema. Edema is a common symptom of many human kidney diseases. Patients with renal edema often need to take diuretics.However, After taking diuretics, patients with kidney diseases are prone to kidney congestion, decreased renal perfusion, decreased diuretics secreted by renal tubules, neuroendocrine system abnormalities, abnormal ion transporter transport, drug interaction, electrolyte disorder, and hypoproteinemia, which lead to ineffective or weakened diuretic use and increase readmission rate and mortality. The main causes and coping strategies of diuretic resistance in patients with kidney diseases were described in detail in this report. The common causes of DR included poor diet (electrolyte disturbance and hypoproteinemia due to patients' failure to limit diet according to correct sodium, chlorine, potassium, and protein level) and poor drug compliance (the patient did not take adequate doses of diuretics. true resistance occurs only if the patient takes adequate doses of diuretics, but they are not effective), changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, electrolyte disorders, changes in renal adaptation, functional nephron reduction, and decreased renal blood flow. Common treatment measures include increasing in the diuretic dose and/or frequency, sequential nephron blockade,using new diuretics, ultrafiltration treatment, etc. In clinical work, measures should be taken to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of DR in patients with kidney diseases according to the actual situation of patients and the mechanism of various causes. Currently, there are many studies on DR in patients with heart diseases. Although the phenomenon of DR in patients with kidney diseases is common, there is a relatively little overview of the mechanism and treatment strategy of DR in patients with kidney diseases. Therefore, this paper hopes to show the information on DR in patients with kidney diseases to clinicians and researchers and broaden the research direction and ideas to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxuan Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Baohui Fu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yang Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Na Hao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Ji
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Mansouri E, Orazizadeh M, Mard SA, Gorji AV, Rashno M, Fakhredini F. Therapeutic Effect of Kidney Tubular Cells-Derived Conditioned Medium on the Expression of MicroRNA-377, MicroRNA-29a, Aquapurin-1, Biochemical, and Histopathological Parameters Following Diabetic Nephropathy Injury in Rats. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:119. [PMID: 36798914 PMCID: PMC9926036 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_375_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a critical complication of diabetes mellitus. This study evaluates whether administration of conditioned medium from kidney tubular cells (KTCs-CM) has the ability to be efficacious as an alternative to cell-based therapy for DN. Materials and Methods CM of rabbit kidney tubular cells (RK13; KTCs) has been collected and after centrifugation, filtered with 0.2 filters. Four groups of rats have been utilized, including control, DN, DN treated with CM, and sham group. After diabetes induction by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) in rats, 0.8 ml of the CM was injected to each rat three times per day for 3 consecutive days. Then, 24-h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) have been measured through detection kits. The histopathological effects of CM on kidneys were evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff staining and the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) 29a and 377 by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of aquapurin-1 (AQP1) protein was also examined by Western blotting. Results Intravenous injections of KTCs-CM significantly reduced the urine volume, protein 24-h, BUN, and Scr, decreased the miRNA-377, and increased miRNA-29a and AQP1 in DN treated with CM rats. Conclusion KTCs-CM may have the potential to prevent kidney injury from diabetes by regulating the microRNAs related to DN and improving the expression of AQP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esrafil Mansouri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Armita Valizadeh Gorji
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshtesadat Fakhredini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Fereshtesadat Fakhredini, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail:
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Paidas MJ, Sampath N, Schindler EA, Cosio DS, Ndubizu CO, Shamaladevi N, Kwal J, Rodriguez S, Ahmad A, Kenyon NS, Jayakumar AR. Mechanism of Multi-Organ Injury in Experimental COVID-19 and Its Inhibition by a Small Molecule Peptide. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864798. [PMID: 35712703 PMCID: PMC9196045 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection often progresses to multi-organ failure and results in an increased mortality rate amongst these patients. However, underlying mechanisms of SARS- CoV-2-induced multi-organ failure and subsequent death are still largely unknown. Cytokine storm, increased levels of inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the organs contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. One potential consequence of immune/inflammatory events is the acute progression of generalized edema, which may lead to death. We, therefore, examined the involvement of water channels in the development of edema in multiple organs and their contribution to organ dysfunction in a Murine Hepatitis Virus-1 (MHV-1) mouse model of COVID-19. Using this model, we recently reported multi-organ pathological abnormalities and animal death similar to that reported in humans with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We now identified an alteration in protein levels of AQPs 1, 4, 5, and 8 and associated oxidative stress, along with various degrees of tissue edema in multiple organs, which correlate well with animal survival post-MHV-1 infection. Furthermore, our newly created drug (a 15 amino acid synthetic peptide, known as SPIKENET) that was designed to prevent the binding of spike glycoproteins with their receptor(s), angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) (SARS-CoV-2 and MHV-1, respectively), ameliorated animal death and reversed altered levels of AQPs and oxidative stress post-MHV-1 infection. Collectively, our findings suggest the possible involvement of altered aquaporins and the subsequent edema, likely mediated by the virus-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress response, in the pathogenesis of COVID- 19 and the potential of SPIKENET as a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Paidas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Paidas, ; Arumugam R. Jayakumar,
| | - Natarajan Sampath
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Emma A. Schindler
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniela S. Cosio
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chima Obianuju Ndubizu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Jaclyn Kwal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Suset Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Norma Sue Kenyon
- Microbiology & Immunology and Biomedical Engineering, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arumugam R. Jayakumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Paidas, ; Arumugam R. Jayakumar,
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Matchimakul P, Pongkan W, Kongtung P, Mektrirat R. Comparative quantitation of aquaporin-2 and arginine vasopressin receptor-2 localizations among chronic kidney disease and healthy kidney in dogs. Vet World 2021; 14:2773-2781. [PMID: 34903939 PMCID: PMC8654747 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2773-2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and arginine vasopressin receptor-2 (AVPR2) are proteins that control water homeostasis in principal cells. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the impairment and irreversible loss of kidney function and/or structure, which causes water imbalances and polyuria. The study aimed to know the expression of AQPs and AVPR2 in the kidneys of a canine with CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The kidneys were collected from two dog carcasses from Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. The kidney tissue was prepared for immunohistochemistry and investigated the expression and localization of tissue's AQP2 and AVPR2. For statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to the data. RESULTS By immunohistochemistry, AQP2 was expressed strongly in the basolateral and apical membranes of the principal cells, whereas AVPR2 was localized in the principal cell's basolateral membrane in both renal cortex and renal medulla. In the normal kidney, the semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry for the percentage of protein expression of AQP2 and AVPR2 was 5.062±0.4587 and 4.306±0.7695, respectively. In contrast, protein expression of AQP2 and AVPR2 in CKD was found to be 1.218±0.1719 and 0.8536±0.1396, respectively. The data shows that the percentage of AQP2 and AVPR2 expression was decreased, corresponding to a 4-fold and 5-fold in CKD (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that CKD was a marked decrease in AQP2 and AVPR2 expression. The central role of specific AQP2 and AVPR2 in regulating water homeostasis will provide correlations in case of CKD with polyuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaya Matchimakul
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Circulatory Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wanpitak Pongkan
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Circulatory Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Piyamat Kongtung
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Circulatory Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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8
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Jiang T, Wang L, Ma A, Wu Y, Wu Q, Wu Q, Lu J, Zhong T. The hypoglycemic and renal protective effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides in early diabetic nephropathy. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13515. [PMID: 33043487 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is a basidiomycete polypore fungus. Polysaccharides from G. frondosa (PGF) has recently attracted attention for its various physiological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-fatigue effects. In this study, hypoglycemic activity of PGF and its preventive effect against the progression of kidney fibrosis in Diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats were investigated. The results showed that PGF led to a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and an increase in body weight in the treatment group compared with those of model group. Serum biochemical indexes including N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and urine microalbumin (u-mAlb) levels of PGF-treated group were significantly lower than those of model group. Inflammatory cytokines and renal fibrosis indexes of PGF group were also decreased compared to the model group. The whole results demonstrated the renal-protective effects of PGF via reducing the inflammatory factor content and preventing renal fibrosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: G. frondosa constitutes a rich source of polysaccharides, steroid, and phenolic compounds. The results obtained revealed that the purified PGF have the effect of reducing inflammation cytokines and renal fibrosis indexes. These two factors are associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, PGF may produce both hypoglycemic and renal-protective effects, and potentially be of use as a functional food for the treatment or prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Angjie Ma
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiulin Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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Meng L, Cao S, Lin N, Zhao J, Cai X, Liang Y, Huang K, Lin M, Chen X, Li D, Wang J, Yang L, Wei A, Li G, Lu Q, Guo Y, Wei Q, Tan J, Huang M, Huang Y, Wang J, Liu Y. Identification of a Novel ACTN4 Gene Mutation Which Is Resistant to Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5949485. [PMID: 31930129 PMCID: PMC6942772 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5949485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ACTN4, a gene which codes for the protein α-actinin-4, is critical for the maintenance of the renal filtration barrier. It is well known that ACTN4 mutations can lead to kidney dysfunction, such as familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). To elucidate whether other mutations of ACTN4 exist in PNS patients, we sequenced the ACTN4 gene in biopsies collected from 155 young PNS patients (≤16 years old). The patients were classified into five groups: FSGS, minimal change nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and those without renal puncture. Ninety-eight healthy people served as controls. Samples were subjected to Illumina's next generation sequencing protocols using FastTarget target gene capture method. We identified 5 ACTN4 mutations which occurred only in PNS patients: c.1516G > A (p.G506S) on exon 13 identified in two PNS patients, one with minimal change nephropathy and another without renal puncture; c.1442 + 10G > A at the splice site in a minimal change nephropathy patient; c.2191-4G > A at the cleavage site, identified from two FSGS patients; and c.1649A > G (p.D550G) on exon 14 together with c.2191-4G > A at the cleavage sites, identified from two FSGS patients. Among these, c.1649A > G (p.D550G) is a novel ACTN4 mutation. Patients bearing the last two mutations exhibited resistance to clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhang Meng
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research, School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Research Center for Clinics and Biosciences, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xulong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Yancheng Third People's Hospital Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yonghua Liang
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ken Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Mali Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiajing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Aibo Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Genliang Li
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research, School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Qingmei Lu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuxiu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Qiuju Wei
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research, School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
- College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Junhua Tan
- First Nephrology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- First Nephrology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuming Huang
- First Nephrology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- First Nephrology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yunguang Liu
- Center for Systemic Inflammation Research, School of Preclinical Medicine, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
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10
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Wang Q, Wu ZL, Yuan X, Dong HY, Xu X, Xin H, Wang YH, Zhang JB, Chen L, Li HL, Zhang XM, Zhang WD. Bilobetin induces kidney injury by influencing cGMP-mediated AQP-2 trafficking and podocyte cell cycle arrest. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153073. [PMID: 31542661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba (Gb) extracts have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Gb contains flavonoids, which are considered to be its active ingredients and have been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, few scientific research studies on the side effects of flavonoid in Gb have been reported. PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bilobetin on the kidney of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. STUDY DESIGN AND RESULT In this study, rats were injected with 50 mg/kg of bilobetin, a biflavone isolated from Gb, for 7 days and aristolochic acid was used as positive controls. The results showed that the body weight and urine output of the rats were dramatically decreased, and urinary protein increased after the intraperitoneal injection of bilobetin compared with the control group. Bilobetin treatment showed vacuolar degeneration in the renal tubular epithelium, glomerular atrophy by histostaining, and podocyte fusion by electron microscopy. This study further showed that bilobetin promoted the trafficking of aquaporin 2 (AQP-2) onto the plasma membrane to achieve the function of urine concentration by in vivo study in rats and in vitro study in IMCD-3 cells. The redistribution of AQP-2 is due to increased expression of cGMP in IMCD-3 cells, which in turn promoted the phosphorylation of AQP-2 at site Ser-256. The proteinuria caused by bilobetin may be attributed to podocyte cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition, which is may associated with AKT and MAPK signaling. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that bilobetin has some side effects on kidneys at a dose of 50 mg/kg in SD rats and provides insight into the potential detrimental effects of monomeric ingredients in Gb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Complex, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhi Li Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Yuan Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Complex, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yin Hang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Bing Zhang
- WanBangDe Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd. Wenlin, Zhejiang 317500, China
| | - Li Chen
- WanBangDe Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd. Wenlin, Zhejiang 317500, China
| | - Hui Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xue Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Dong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Complex, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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11
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Gupta S, Pepper RJ, Ashman N, Walsh SB. Nephrotic Syndrome: Oedema Formation and Its Treatment With Diuretics. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1868. [PMID: 30697163 PMCID: PMC6341062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oedema is a defining element of the nephrotic syndrome. Its' management varies considerably between clinicians, with no national or international clinical guidelines, and hence variable outcomes. Oedema may have serious sequelae such as immobility, skin breakdown and local or systemic infection. Treatment of nephrotic oedema is often of limited efficacy, with frequent side-effects and interactions with other pharmacotherapy. Here, we describe the current paradigms of oedema in nephrosis, including insights into emerging mechanisms such as the role of the abnormal activation of the epithelial sodium channel in the collecting duct. We then discuss the physiological basis for traditional and novel therapies for the treatment of nephrotic oedema. Despite being the cardinal symptom of nephrosis, few clinical studies guide clinicians to the rational use of therapy. This is reflected in the scarcity of publications in this field; it is time to undertake new clinical trials to direct clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Gupta
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Renal Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J Pepper
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Ashman
- Renal Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Beharry KD, Cai CL, Soontarapornchai K, Ahmad T, Valencia GB, Aranda JV. Intermittent hypoxia alters dose dependent caffeine effects on renal prostanoids and receptors in neonatal rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 134:57-65. [PMID: 29107023 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in preterm neonates, is given in standard or suprapharmacologic doses. Although known as a diuretic, its effects in the neonatal kidneys are not well studied. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal intermittent hypoxia (IH) and high caffeine doses (HCD) alter renal regulators of vasomotor tone and water balance. Newborn rats were randomized to room air, hyperoxia, or IH and treated with standard or high caffeine doses; or placebo saline. Renal prostanoids; histopathology; and cyclooxygenase (COX), prostanoid receptor, and aquaporin (AQP) immunoreactivity were determined. HCD in IH caused severe pathological changes in the glomeruli and proximal tubules, consistent with acute kidney injury. This was associated with reductions in anthropometric growth, PGI2, and IP, DP, and AQP-4 immunoreactivity, well as a robust increase in COX-2, suggesting that the use of HCD should be avoided in preterm infants who experience frequent IH episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay D Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Charles L Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kultida Soontarapornchai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Taimur Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gloria B Valencia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacob V Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, New York, NY, USA
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