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Wu X, Huang R, Ai G, Chen H, Ma X, Zhang J, Huang Q, Lao J, Zeng H, Li C, Xie J, Li Y, Su Z, Chen J, Huang X. 9-Hydroxy-8-oxypalmatine, a novel liver-mediated oxymetabolite of palmatine, alleviates hyperuricemia and kidney inflammation in hyperuricemic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118606. [PMID: 39038504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Palmatine is a main bioactive alkaloid of Cortex Phellodendri, which has been commonly prescribed for the treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA) in China. The metabolites of palmatine were crucial to its prominent biological activity. 9-Hydroxy-8-oxypalmatine (9-OPAL) is a novel liver-mediated secondary oxymetabolite of palmatine. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study was to assess the efficacy of 9-OPAL, a novel liver-mediated secondary oxymetabolite of palmatine derived from Cortex Phellodendri, in experimental HUA mouse model and further explore its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro metabolic experiment with oxypalmatine was carried out using liver samples. We separated and identified a novel liver metabolite, and investigated its anti-HUA effect in mice. HUA mice were induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine daily for one week. After 1 h of modeling, mice were orally administered with different doses of 9-OPAL (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). The pathological changes of the kidneys were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E). The acute toxicity of 9-OPAL was assessed. The effects of 9-OPAL on serum levels of uric acid (UA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XOD), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or biochemical method. Furthermore, Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and molecular docking were used to investigate the effect of 9-OPAL on the expression of renal urate transporters and NLRP3 signaling pathway in HUA mice. RESULTS 9-OPAL had been discovered to be a novel liver-mediated oxymetabolite of palmatine for the first time. Treatment with 9-OPAL significantly reduced the UA, CRE as well as BUN levels, and also effectively attenuated abnormal renal histopathological deterioration with favorable safety profile. Besides, 9-OPAL significantly decreased the serum and hepatic activities of XOD and ADA, dramatically inhibited the up-regulation of UA transporter protein 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter protein 9 (GLUT9), and reversed the down-regulation of organic anion transporter protein 1 (OAT1). Additionally, 9-OPAL effectively mitigated the renal inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18), and downregulated the transcriptional and translational expressions of renal Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like (ASC) and IL-1β in HUA mice. Molecular docking results revealed 9-OPAL bound firmly with XOD, OAT1, GLUT9, URAT1, NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS 9-OPAL was found to be a novel liver-mediated secondary metabolite of palmatine with favorable safety profile. 9-OPAL had eminent anti-hyperuricemic and renal-protective effects, and the mechanisms might be intimately associated with repressing XOD activities, modulating renal urate transporter expression and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our investigation might also provide further experimental evidence for the traditional application of Cortex Phellodendri in the treatment of HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Ronglei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Gaoxiang Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Xingdong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Jiana Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Qiting Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Jiayi Lao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chuwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, PR China.
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Jiang Z, Wen X, Mao Q, Wang G, Wang Z, Yan Y, Gao S, Sun X, Zhang M, Liu J, Zhang R, Yang B. 13-Methylpalmatine improves myocardial infarction injury by inhibiting CHOP-mediated cross-talk between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117342. [PMID: 39182321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload have been involved in apoptotic cardiomyocyte death during MI. 13-Methylpalmatine (13-Me-PLT) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis and has not been systematically studied for their potential pharmacological effects in cardiovascular diseases. We conducted the present study to elucidate whether 13-Me-PLT modulates MI pathology in animal MI and cellular hypoxic models, employing state-of-the-art molecular techniques. The results demonstrated that 13-Me-PLT preserved post-ischemic cardiac function and alleviated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. 13-Me-PLT decreased ERS and the communication between ER and mitochondria, which serves as a protective mechanism against mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and structural and functional injuries to mitochondria. Our data revealed mitigating mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and apoptosis by inhibiting CHOP-mediated Ca2+ transfer between inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in ER and VDAC1 in mitochondria as an underlying mechanism for 13-Me-PLT action. Furthermore, 13-Me-PLT produced superior effects in alleviating cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis post-MI to diltiazem and palmatine. Collectively, our research suggests that the CHOP/IP3R/VDAC1 signaling pathway mediates ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer and 13-Me-PLT activates this axis to maintain cellular and organellar Ca2+ homeostasis, protecting against ischemic myocardial injury. These findings may offer an opportunity to develop new agents for the therapy of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Jiang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaowei Wen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qin Mao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Baofeng Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
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Pingitore V, Pancholi J, Hornsby TW, Warne J, Pryce G, McCormick LJ, Hill J, Bhosale G, Peng J, Newton LS, Towers GJ, Coles SJ, Chan AWE, Duchen MR, Szabadkai G, Baker D, Selwood DL. Delocalized quinolinium-macrocyclic peptides, an atypical chemotype for CNS penetration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado3501. [PMID: 38985859 PMCID: PMC11235165 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic drugs can address an increasing range of molecular targets but enabling central nervous system (CNS) access to these drugs has been viewed as an intractable problem. We designed and synthesized a series of quinolinium-modified cyclosporine derivatives targeted to the mitochondrial cyclophilin D protein. Modification of the cation to enable greater delocalization was confirmed by x-ray crystallography of the cations. Critically, greater delocalization improved brain concentrations. Assessment of the compounds in preclinical assays and for pharmacokinetics identified a molecule JP1-138 with at least 20 times the brain levels of a non-delocalized compound or those reported for cyclosporine. Levels were maintained over 24 hours together with low hERG potential. The paradigm outlined here could have widespread utility in the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pingitore
- Drug Discovery, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Dos Hermanas, Seville 41704, Spain
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- Drug Discovery, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas W Hornsby
- Drug Discovery, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Justin Warne
- Drug Discovery, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gareth Pryce
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Laura J McCormick
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julia Hill
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gauri Bhosale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jing Peng
- Drug Discovery, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lydia S Newton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Greg J Towers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ah Wing Edith Chan
- Drug Discovery, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131 Italy
| | - David Baker
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - David L Selwood
- Drug Discovery, UCL Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Shinde V, Desai K. Selenium-Methionine-Folic Acid Nanoparticles (SeMetFa NPs) and Its In Vivo Efficacy Against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2184-2198. [PMID: 37682396 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles can be beneficial against rheumatoid arthritis, with limitations in dosage formulation due to their toxicity and low bioavailability. In the present study, we investigated the bioavailability and in vivo efficiency of selenium-methionine-folic acid nanoparticles (SeMetFa NPs) in chronic inflammatory arthritis in rats. The purpose of this study was to develop a therapeutic agent that is of low toxicity and readily available for the maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis. SeMetFa NPs were synthesised by a wet chemical method (precipitation using a reducing agent). The apparent permeability (Papp) of NPs was investigated to be 10 × 10-6 cm/s. The effect of selenium-methionine-folic acid nanoparticles (SeMetFa NPs) on rats was investigated for oxidative status, anti-inflammatory markers, physical characteristics, radiography of the paw region, and histopathology. Groups with 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w SeMetFa NPs acted as a potent anti-inflammatory agent with reduced (p < 0.05) arthritis-induced parameters in a 21-day study on Wistar rats. The antioxidant enzyme levels in the liver, kidney, and spleen were restored significantly at 500 and 750 mg/kg b.w. Concluding SeMetFa NPs at a concentration of 500 mg/kg b.w. can be a potential therapeutic agent as compared to dextrin-coated nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrundali Shinde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-Be) University, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Krutika Desai
- SVKM's Mithibai College of Arts Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics, Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Xiang ZD, Guan HD, Zhao X, Xie Q, Cai FJ, Xie ZJ, Dang R, Li ML, Wang CH. Protoberberine alkaloids: A review of the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155444. [PMID: 38367423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomach diseases have become global health concerns. Protoberberine alkaloids (PBAs) are a group of quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from abundant natural sources and have been shown to improve gastric disorders in preclinical and clinical studies. The finding that PBAs exhibit low oral bioavailability but potent pharmacological activity has attracted great interest. PURPOSE This review aims to provide a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms of PBAs in the treatment of gastric disorders and to discuss the current understanding of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of PBAs. METHODS The articles related to PBAs were collected from the Web of Science, Pubmed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases using relevant keywords. The collected articles were screened and categorized according to their research content to focus on the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs. RESULTS Based on the results of preclinical studies, PBAs have demonstrated therapeutic effects on chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer by activating interleukin-4 (IL-4)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) pathway and suppressing transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The major PBAs exhibit similar pharmacokinetic properties, including rapid absorption, slow elimination, and low bioavailability. Notably, the natural organ-targeting property of PBAs may account for the finding of their low blood levels and high pharmacological activity. PBAs interact with other compounds, including conventional drugs and natural products, by modulation of metabolic enzymes and transporters. The potential tissue toxicity of PBAs should be emphasized due to their high tissue accumulation. CONCLUSION This review highlights the gastroprotective effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of PBAs and will contribute to the evaluation of drug properties and clinical translational studies of PBAs, accelerating their transfer from the laboratory to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Dong Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Da Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fu-Jie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhe-Jun Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Dang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man-Lin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chang-Hong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Jovanović D, Filipović A, Janjić G, Lazarević-Pašti T, Džambaski Z, Bondžić BP, Bondžić AM. Targeting Alzheimer's Disease: Evaluating the Efficacy of C-1 Functionalized N-Aryl-Tetrahydroisoquinolines as Cholinergic Enzyme Inhibitors and Promising Therapeutic Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1033. [PMID: 38256107 PMCID: PMC10816625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized 22 C-1 functionalized-N-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives showing biological activities towards cholinergic enzymes. Synthesis was performed using visible-light-promoted photo-redox chemistry, starting from a common intermediate, and the application of this synthetic methodology drastically simplified synthetic routes and purification of desired compounds. All synthesized derivates were divided into four groups based on the substituents in the C-1 position, and their inhibition potencies towards two cholinergic enzymes, acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase were evaluated. Most potent derivatives were selected, and kinetic analysis was further carried out to obtain insights into the mechanisms of inhibition of these two enzymes. Further validation of the mode of inhibition of cholinergic enzymes by the two most potent THIQ compounds, 3c and 3i, was performed using fluorescence-quenching titration studies. Molecular docking studies further confirmed the proposed mechanism of enzymes' inhibition. In silico predictions of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry friendliness of the selected most potent derivatives were performed using Swiss ADME tool. This was followed by UPLC-assisted log P determination and in vitro BBB permeability studies performed in order to assess the potential of the synthesized compounds to pass the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Ana Filipović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.F.); (G.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Goran Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.F.); (G.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (T.L.-P.)
| | - Zdravko Džambaski
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.F.); (G.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Bojan P. Bondžić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.F.); (G.J.); (Z.D.)
| | - Aleksandra M. Bondžić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (T.L.-P.)
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Solnier J, Zhang Y, Kuo YC, Du M, Roh K, Gahler R, Wood S, Chang C. Characterization and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of a New Berberine Formulation with Enhanced Absorption In Vitro and in Human Volunteers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2567. [PMID: 38004546 PMCID: PMC10675484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a plant-origin quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid with a vast array of biological activities, including antioxidant and blood-glucose- and blood-lipid-lowering effects. However, its therapeutic potential is largely limited by its poor oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro solubility and Caco-2 cell permeability followed by pharmacokinetic profiling in healthy volunteers of a new food-grade berberine delivery system (i.e., Berberine LipoMicel®). X-ray diffractometry (XRD), in vitro solubility, and Caco-2 cell permeability indicated higher bioavailability of LipoMicel Berberine (LMB) compared to the standard formulation. Increased aqueous solubility (up to 1.4-fold), as well as improved Caco-2 cell permeability of LMB (7.18 × 10-5 ± 7.89 × 10-6 cm/s), were observed when compared to standard/unformulated berberine (4.93 × 10-6 ± 4.28 × 10-7 cm/s). Demonstrating better uptake, LMB achieved significant increases in AUC0-24 and Cmax compared to the standard formulation (AUC: 78.2 ± 14.4 ng h/mL vs. 13.4 ± 1.97 ng h/mL, respectively; p < 0.05; Cmax: 15.8 ± 2.6 ng/mL vs. 1.67 ± 0.41 ng/mL) in a pilot study of healthy volunteers (n = 10). No adverse reactions were reported during the study period. In conclusion, LMB presents a highly bioavailable formula with superior absorption (up to six-fold) compared to standard berberine formulation and may, therefore, have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of berberine. The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier NCT05370261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Solnier
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Yiming Zhang
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Yun Chai Kuo
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Min Du
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Kyle Roh
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Simon Wood
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
- InovoBiologic Inc., Calgary, AB Y2N 4Y7, Canada
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chuck Chang
- ISURA, Burnaby, BC V3N 4S9, Canada; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.K.); (M.D.); (K.R.); (C.C.)
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Wang S, Ma Y, Huang Y, Hu Y, Huang Y, Wu Y. Potential bioactive compounds and mechanisms of Fibraurea recisa Pierre for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking prediction. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1052249. [PMID: 36570530 PMCID: PMC9772884 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1052249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese medicines have been documented to have anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activities according to the accumulated clinical experience and pharmacological research results in recent decades. In this study, Fibraurea recisa Pierre (FRP), the classic type of Heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese medicine, was selected as the object of research. Methods 12 components with anti-AD activities were identified in FRP by a variety of methods, including silica gel column chromatography, multiple databases, and literature searches. Then, network pharmacology and molecular docking were adopted to systematically study the potential anti-AD mechanism of these compounds. Consequently, it was found that these 12 compounds could act on 235 anti-AD targets, of which AKT and other targets were the core targets. Meanwhile, among these 235 targets, 71 targets were identified to be significantly correlated with the pathology of amyloid beta (Aβ) and Tau. Results and discussion In view of the analysis results of the network of active ingredients and targets, it was observed that palmatine, berberine, and other alkaloids in FRP were the key active ingredients for the treatment of AD. Further, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were the most significant signaling pathways for FRP to play an anti-AD role. Findings in our study suggest that multiple primary active ingredients in FRP can play a multitarget anti-AD effect by regulating key physiological processes such as neurotransmitter transmission and anti-inflammation. Besides, key ingredients such as palmatine and berberine in FRP are expected to be excellent leading compounds of multitarget anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Hu
- Medical College, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China,*Correspondence: Yuhui Hu,
| | - Yushan Huang
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Yushan Huang,
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Yi Wu,
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9
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Chen J, Duan Y, Yu X, Zhong J, Bai J, Li NG, Zhu Z, Xu J. Development of novel 9- O-substituted-13-octylberberine derivatives as potential anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2423-2433. [PMID: 36065941 PMCID: PMC9467586 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2118268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 9-O-substituted-13-octylberberine derivatives were designed, synthesised and evaluated for their anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) activities. Compound 6k showed the strongest activity against three human hepatoma cells including HepG2, Sk-Hep-1 and Huh-7 cells with IC50 values from 0.62 to 1.69 μM, which were much superior to berberine (IC50 >50 μM). More importantly, 6k exhibited lower cytotoxicity against normal hepatocytes L-02 with good lipid-water partition properties. The mechanism studies revealed that 6k caused G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, stabilised G-quadruplex DNA, and induced apoptosis via a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Finally, the in vivo anti-HCC activity of 6k was validated in the H22 liver cancer xenograft mouse model. Collectively, the current study would provide a new insight into the discovery of novel, safe and effective anti-HCC agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yu
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiarou Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Ai X, Yu P, Peng L, Luo L, Liu J, Li S, Lai X, Luan F, Meng X. Berberine: A Review of its Pharmacokinetics Properties and Therapeutic Potentials in Diverse Vascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:762654. [PMID: 35370628 PMCID: PMC8964367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of various diseases and has attracted increasing attention for clinical applications. Vascular diseases affecting vasculature in the heart, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications have compromised quality of life for affected individuals and increase the burden on health care services. Berberine, a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid form Rhizoma coptidis, is widely used in China as a folk medicine for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Promisingly, an increasing number of studies have identified several cellular and molecular targets for berberine, indicating its potential as an alternative therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases, as well as providing novel evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of berberine to combat vascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively and systematically describe the evidence for berberine as a therapeutic agent in vascular diseases, including its pharmacological effects, molecular mechanisms, and pharmacokinetics. According to data published so far, berberine shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic activity via the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), janus kinase 2 (JAK-2), Ca2+ channels, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, we discuss the existing limitations of berberine in the treatment of vascular diseases, and give corresponding measures. In addition, we propose some research perspectives and challenges, and provide a solid evidence base from which further studies can excavate novel effective drugs from Chinese medicine monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Peiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuling Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zhong F, Chen Y, Chen J, Liao H, Li Y, Ma Y. Jatrorrhizine: A Review of Sources, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:783127. [PMID: 35095493 PMCID: PMC8793695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.783127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatrorrhizine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a bioactive metabolite in common medicinal plants, such as Berberis vernae Schneid., Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. and Coptis chinensis Franch. These plants have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for their wide-ranging pharmacological properties. This review emphasizes the latest and comprehensive information on the sources, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of jatrorrhizine. Studies on this alkaloid were collected from scientific internet databases, including the Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley Online Library and Europe PMC and CNKI, using a combination of keywords involving “jatrorrhizine”, “sources”, “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology”. Jatrorrhizine exhibits anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, anticancer, anti-obesity and hypolipidemic properties, along with central nervous system activities and other beneficial activity. Studies of jatrorrhizine have laid the foundation for its application to the treatment of various diseases, but some issues still exist. Further investigations might emphasize 1) specific curative mechanisms of jatrorrhizine and clinical utility, 2) application prospect in the treatment of metabolic disorders, 3) comprehensive investigations of the toxicity mechanisms and 4) interactions of jatrorrhizine with other pharmaceuticals and development of derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Grabarska A, Wróblewska-Łuczka P, Kukula-Koch W, Łuszczki JJ, Kalpoutzakis E, Adamczuk G, Skaltsounis AL, Stepulak A. Palmatine, a Bioactive Protoberberine Alkaloid Isolated from Berberis cretica, Inhibits the Growth of Human Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells and Acts Synergistically and Additively with Doxorubicin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206253. [PMID: 34684834 PMCID: PMC8538708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmatine (PLT) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that belongs to the class of protoberberines and exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological and biological properties, including anti-cancer activity. The aim of our study was to isolate PLT from the roots of Berberis cretica and investigate its cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects in vitro alone and in combination with doxorubicine (DOX) using human ER+/HER2− breast cancer cell lines. The alkaloid was purified by column chromatography filled with silica gel NP and Sephadex LH-20 resin developed in the mixture of methanol: water (50:50 v/v) that provided high-purity alkaloid for bioactivity studies. The purity of the alkaloid was confirmed by high resolution mass measurement and MS/MS fragmentation analysis in the HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS-based analysis. It was found that PLT treatment inhibited the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by MTT and BrdU assays. PLT showed a quite similar growth inhibition on breast cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 5.126 to 5.805 µg/mL. In contrast, growth of normal human breast epithelial cells was not affected by PLT. The growth inhibitory activity of PLT was related to the induction of apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V/PI staining. Moreover, PLT sensitized breast cancer cells to DOX. Isobolographic analysis revealed synergistic and additive interactions between studied agents. Our studies suggest that PLT can be a potential candidate agent for preventing and treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Grabarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81448-6350
| | - Paula Wróblewska-Łuczka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (P.W.-Ł.); (J.J.Ł.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jarogniew J. Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (P.W.-Ł.); (J.J.Ł.)
| | - Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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13
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Pu Y, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Hou T, Zhang T, Zhang T, Wang B. Comparison of Pinoresinol and its Diglucoside on their ADME Properties and Vasorelaxant Effects on Phenylephrine-Induced Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695530. [PMID: 34434107 PMCID: PMC8381248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinoresinol (PINL) and pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), two natural lignans found in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Duzhong), have several pharmacological activities. However, there is no report available on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) properties. Given the possible wide spectrum of their application in therapeutic areas, this area should be investigated. This work studied the in vitro ADME properties of PDG and PINL, including their kinetic solubility, permeability across monolayer cells (PAMPA), protein binding, and metabolic stabilities in liver microsomes. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study and in vitro vasorelaxant effects on isolated phenylephrine-induced aortic rings of PINL and PDG were also investigated. It was found that both of their kinetic solubility in PBS (pH 7.4) was greater than 100 μM, indicating that they are both soluble compounds. The permeability investigations (Peff) by PAMPA indicated that PINL had higher permeability than PDG (p < 0.05). Both components represented moderate plasma protein binding activities (average binding rate in human plasma: PINL 89.03%, PDG 45.21%) and low metabolic rate (t1/2 in human liver microsome: PINL 1509.5 min, PDG 1004.8 min). Furthermore, the results of pharmacokinetic studies indicated that PINL might be eliminated less quickly than PDG from the rat plasma, and its cumulative urinary excretion was much lower than that of PDG. The phenylephrine-induced aortic rings demonstrated concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in PDG, PINL, or their combination group. The vasorelaxant effects of PINL were more obvious than those of PDG, whereas the vasorelaxant effect of the combinations was significantly better than that of the single component (p < 0.05). The similarity or difference between PINL and its diglucoside in these pharmaceutical aspects may offer valuable insights into the further exploration of lignans and might contribute to relevant studies involving natural products with similar molecular structure and their glucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Cai
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianling Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Teng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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14
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Grebinyk A, Prylutska S, Grebinyk S, Evstigneev M, Krysiuk I, Skaterna T, Horak I, Sun Y, Drobot L, Matyshevska O, Prylutskyy Y, Ritter U, Frohme M. Antitumor efficiency of the natural alkaloid berberine complexed with C60 fullerene in Lewis lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Berberine (Ber) is a herbal alkaloid with pharmacological activity in general and a high anticancer potency in particular. However, due to its low bioavailability, the difficulty in reaching a target and choosing the right dose, there is a need to improve approaches of Ber use in anticancer therapy. In this study, Ber, noncovalently bound to a carbon nanostructure C60 fullerene (C60) at various molar ratios of the components, was explored against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC).
Methods
C60–Ber noncovalent nanocomplexes were synthesized in 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratios. Ber release from the nanocomplexes was studied after prolonged incubation at different pH with the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of free Ber content. Biological effects of the free and C60-complaxated Ber were studied in vitro towards LLC cells with phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, MTT reduction, caspase activity and wound closure assays. The treatment with C60–Ber nanocomplex was evaluated in vivo with the LLC-tumored C57Bl mice. The mice body weight, tumor size, tumor weight and tumor weight index were assessed for four groups, treated with saline, 15 mg C60/kg, 7.5 mg Ber/kg or 2:1 C60-Ber nanocomplex (15 mg C60/kg, 7.5 mg Ber/kg).
Results
Ber release from C60–Ber nanocomplexes was promoted with medium acidification. LLC cells treatment with C60–Ber nanocomplexes was followed by enhanced Ber intracellular uptake as compared to free Ber. The cytotoxicity of the studied agents followed the order: free Ber < 1:2 < 1:1 < 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex. The potency of cytotoxic effect of 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex was confirmed by 21.3-fold decrease of IC50 value (0.8 ± 0.3 µM) compared to IC50 for free Ber (17 ± 2 µM). C60–Ber nanocomplexes induced caspase 3/7 activation and suppressed the migration activity of LLC cells. The therapeutic potency of 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex was confirmed in a mouse model of LLC. The tumor growth in the group treated with 2:1 C60–Ber nanocomplex is suppressed by approximately 50% at the end of experiment, while in the tumor-bearing group treated with free Ber no therapeutic effect was detected.
Conclusions
This study indicates that complexation of natural alkaloid Ber with C60 may be a novel therapeutic strategy against lung carcinoma.
Graphical abstract
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15
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Xiong W, Xiong SH, Chen QL, Linghu KG, Zhao GD, Chu JMT, Wong GTC, Li J, Hu YJ, Wang YT, Yu H. Brij-functionalized chitosan nanocarrier system enhances the intestinal permeability of P-glycoprotein substrate-like drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118112. [PMID: 34044929 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The highly expressed P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in the intestine plays a key role in preventing drugs across the intestinal epithelium, which linked by tight junctions (TJs). Thus increasing the oral bioavailability of Pgp substrate-like drugs (PSLDs) remains a great challenge. Herein, we construct a nanocarrier system derived from Brij-grafted-chitosan (BC) to enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic effect of berberine (BBR, a typical PLSD) against diabetic kidney disease. The developed BC nanoparticles (BC-NPs) are demonstrated to improve the intestinal permeability of BBR via transiently and reversibly modulating the intercellular TJs (paracellular pathway) and Pgp-mediated drug efflux (transcellular pathway). As compared to free BBR and chitosan nanoparticles, the BC-NPs enhanced the relative oral bioavailability of BBR in rats (4.4- and 2.7-fold, respectively), and the therapeutic potency of BBR in renal function and histopathology. In summary, such strategy may provide an effective nanocarrier system for oral delivery of BBR and PSLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Shi Hang Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Qi Ling Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Ke Gang Linghu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Guan Ding Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - John M T Chu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gordon T C Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Jia Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Yi Tao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao; HKBU Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Li Z, Chen J, Gao X, Zhang T, Zheng W, Wei G, Huang Y, Qi J, Zhang Y, Ma P. Identification of components and metabolites in plasma of type 2 diabetic rat after oral administration of Jiao-Tai-Wan using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2690-2707. [PMID: 32246812 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Jiao-Tai-Wan, which is composed of Coptis Rhizoma and Cinnamon Cortex, has been recently used to treat type 2 diabetes. Owing to lack of data on its prototypes and metabolites, elucidation of the pharmacological and clinically safe levels of this formula has been significantly hindered. To screen more potential bioactive components of Jiao-Tai-Wan, we identified its multiple prototypes and metabolites in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 47 compounds were identified in the plasma of type 2 diabetic rats, including 22 prototypes and 25 metabolites, with alkaloids constituting the majority of the absorbed prototype components. In addition, this is the first study to detect vanillic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 2-methoxy cinnamic acid after oral administration of Jiao-Tai-Wan. The prototypes from Jiao-Tai-Wan were extensively metabolized by demethylation, hydroxylation, and reduction in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions and by methylation or conjugation of glucuronide or sulfate in phase Ⅱ reactions. This is the first systematic study on the components and metabolic profiles of Jiao-Tai-Wan in vivo. This study provides a useful chemical basis for further pharmacological research and clinical application of Jiao-Tai-Wan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guijie Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunfang Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengkai Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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17
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Habtemariam S. Recent Advances in Berberine Inspired Anticancer Approaches: From Drug Combination to Novel Formulation Technology and Derivatization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061426. [PMID: 32245062 PMCID: PMC7144379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is multifunctional natural product with potential to treat diverse pathological conditions. Its broad-spectrum anticancer effect through direct effect on cancer cell growth and metastasis have been established both in vitro and in vivo. The cellular targets that account to the anticancer effect of berberine are incredibly large and range from kinases (protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cell cycle checkpoint kinases, etc.) and transcription factors to genes and protein regulators of cell survival, motility and death. The direct effect of berberine in cancer cells is however relatively weak and occur at moderate concentration range (10–100 µM) in most cancer cells. The poor pharmacokinetics profile resulting from poor absorption, efflux by permeability-glycoprotein (P-gc) and extensive metabolism in intestinal and hepatic cells are other dimensions of berberine’s limitation as anticancer agent. This communication addresses the research efforts during the last two decades that were devoted to enhancing the anticancer potential of berberine. Strategies highlighted include using berberine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents either to reduce toxic side effects or enhance their anticancer effects; the various novel formulation approaches which by order of magnitude improved the pharmacokinetics of berberine; and semisynthetic approaches that enhanced potency by up to 100-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, ME4 4TB Kent, UK
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Tarabasz D, Kukula-Koch W. Palmatine: A review of pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2019; 34:33-50. [PMID: 31496018 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to collect together the results of the numerous studies over the last two decades on the pharmacological properties of palmatine published in scientific databases like Scopus and PubMed, which are scattered across different publications. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from the class of protoberberines, is a yellow compound present in the extracts from different representatives of Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Menispermaceae. It has been extensively used in traditional medicine of Asia in the treatment of jaundice, liver-related diseases, hypertension, inflammation, and dysentery. New findings describe its possible applications in the treatment of civilization diseases like central nervous system-related problems. This review intends to let this alkaloid come out from the shade of a more frequently described alkaloid: berberine. The toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and biological activities of this protoberberine alkaloid will be developed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Ran Q, Wang J, Wang L, Zeng HR, Yang XB, Huang QW. Rhizoma coptidis as a Potential Treatment Agent for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:805. [PMID: 31396083 PMCID: PMC6661542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has become a significant public health burden. Rhizoma coptidis (RC), known as Huang Lian, is widely used for treating diabetes in China. The bioactive compounds of RC, especially alkaloids, have the potential to suppress T2DM-induced lesions, including diabetic vascular dysfunction, diabetic heart disease, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic osteopathy, diabetic enteropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. This review summarizes the effects of RC and its bioactive compounds on T2DM and T2DM complications. Less research has been conducted on non-alkaloid fractions of RC, which may exert synergistic action with alkaloids. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacokinetic properties and structure-activity relationships of RC on T2DM with reference to extant literature and showed clearly that RC has potential therapeutic effect on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-bo Yang
- Ya’an Xun Kang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ya’an, China
| | - Qin-wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Johnson SL, Kirk RD, DaSilva NA, Ma H, Seeram NP, Bertin MJ. Polyphenol Microbial Metabolites Exhibit Gut and Blood⁻Brain Barrier Permeability and Protect Murine Microglia against LPS-Induced Inflammation. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9040078. [PMID: 31010159 PMCID: PMC6523162 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets, including the traditional Mediterranean diet, for the management of cardiovascular disease, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. However, a common concern when discussing the protective effects of polyphenol-rich diets against diseases is whether these compounds are present in systemic circulation in their intact/parent forms in order to exert their beneficial effects in vivo. Here, we explore two common classes of dietary polyphenols, namely isoflavones and lignans, and their gut microbial-derived metabolites for gut and blood-brain barrier predicted permeability, as well as protection against neuroinflammatory stimuli in murine BV-2 microglia. Polyphenol microbial metabolites (PMMs) generally showed greater permeability through artificial gut and blood-brain barriers compared to their parent compounds. The parent polyphenols and their corresponding PMMs were evaluated for protective effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglia. The lignan-derived PMMs, equol and enterolactone, exhibited protective effects against nitric oxide production, as well as against pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in BV-2 microglia. Therefore, PMMs may contribute, in large part, to the beneficial effects attributed to polyphenol-rich diets, further supporting the important role of gut microbiota in human health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Johnson
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Riley D Kirk
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Hang Ma
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Matthew J Bertin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Zhang YT, Yu YQ, Yan XX, Wang WJ, Tian XT, Wang L, Zhu WL, Gong LK, Pan GY. Different structures of berberine and five other protoberberine alkaloids that affect P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux capacity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:133-142. [PMID: 30442987 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, berberrubine, thalifendine, demethyleneberberine, jatrorrhizine, and columbamine are six natural protoberberine alkaloid (PA) compounds that display extensive pharmacological properties and share the same protoberberine molecular skeleton with only slight substitution differences. The oral delivery of most PAs is hindered by their poor bioavailability, which is largely caused by P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug efflux. Meanwhile, P-gp undergoes large-scale conformational changes (from an inward-facing to an outward-facing state) when transporting substrates, and these changes might strongly affect the P-gp-binding specificity. To confirm whether these six compounds are substrates of P-gp, to investigate the differences in efflux capacity caused by their trivial structural differences and to reveal the key to increasing their binding affinity to P-gp, we conducted a series of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico assays. Here, we first confirmed that all six compounds were substrates of P-gp by comparing the drug concentrations in wild-type and P-gp-knockout mice in vivo. The efflux capacity (net efflux) ranked as berberrubine > berberine > columbamine ~ jatrorrhizine > thalifendine > demethyleneberberine based on in vitro transport studies in Caco-2 monolayers. Using molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking techniques, we determined the transport pathways of the six compounds and their binding affinities to P-gp. The results suggested that at the early binding stage, different hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions collectively differentiate the binding affinities of the compounds to P-gp, whereas electrostatic interactions are the main determinant at the late release stage. In addition to hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds play an important role in discriminating the binding affinities.
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Xiong W, Sang W, Linghu KG, Zhong ZF, Cheang WS, Li J, Hu YJ, Yu H, Wang YT. Dual-functional Brij-S20-modified nanocrystal formulation enhances the intestinal transport and oral bioavailability of berberine. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3781-3793. [PMID: 29988733 PMCID: PMC6030940 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s163763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Berberine (BBR) is a plant-derived benzylisoquinoline alkaloid and has been demonstrated to be a potential treatment for various chronic diseases. The poor water solubility and P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated drug efflux are the main challenges for its further application in a clinical setting. Materials and methods In this study, a Brij-S20 (BS20)-modified nanocrystal formulation (BBR-BS20-NCs) has been developed and investigated with the purpose of improving the intestinal absorption of BBR. The physicochemical properties of the developed BBR-BS20-NCs were characterized and the enhancement of the BBR-BS20-NCs on BBR absorption were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results The results indicated that BS20 could significantly enhance the intracellular uptake of BBR in MDCK-MDR1 cells via a short-term and reversible modulation on the Pgp function, accompanied by a marked increase in Pgp mRNA expression but without significant influence on the Pgp protein expression. Moreover, the morphology of the prepared BBR-BS20-NCs was observed to be prism-like, with a smooth surface and an average diameter of 148.0 ± 3.2 nm. Compared to raw BBR and physical mixture, BBR-BS20-NCs facilitated the dissolution rate and extent of release of BBR in aqueous solution, and further increased the absorption of BBR in MDCK-MDR1 monolayer by overcoming the Pgp-mediated secretory transport (Papp[BL-AP] values of 2.85 ± 0.04 × 10−6 cm/s, 2.21 ± 0.14 × 10−6 cm/s, and 2.00 ± 0.07 × 10−6 cm/s for pure BBR, physical mixture, and BBR-BS20-NCs, respectively). Significant improvements in the maximum concentration observed (Cmax) and area under drug concentration-time curve (AUC0–t) of BBR-BS20-NCs were obtained in pharmacokinetic studies compared to pure BBR, and the relative bioavailability of BBR-BS20-NCs to pure BBR was 404.1%. Conclusion The developed BBR-BS20-NCs combine the advantages of nanocrystal formulation and functional excipient. The novel pharmaceutical design provides a new strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of those drugs with both poor water solubility and Pgp-mediated efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,
| | - Wei Sang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,
| | - Ke Gang Linghu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,
| | - Zhang Feng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Jia Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,.,Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; .,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China,
| | - Yi Tao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China,
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Zhang QS, Wang GW, Han ZQ, Chen XM, Na R, Jin H, Li P, Bu R. Metabolic profile of Rhizoma coptidis in human plasma determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:63-73. [PMID: 28926137 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rhizoma coptidis extract and its alkaloids show various pharmacological activities, but its metabolic profile in human plasma has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present research, the metabolism of Rhizoma coptidis at a clinical dose (5 g/60 kg/day) was systematically analyzed to determine its biotransformation processes in human plasma. METHODS In this research, the metabolites of Rhizoma coptidis in human plasma after oral administration of Rhizoma coptidis extract at a clinical dose were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The structural elucidation of the constituents was confirmed by comparing their retention times (tR ) and MSn fragments with those of standards and literature reports. RESULTS In total, two prototypes and twelve metabolites were detected in human plasma. The two prototypes were confidently identified using reference standards. Of the compounds detected, M7 (berberrubinen-9-O-glucuronide) was the most abundant based on its peak area, which indicates that this compound might be a pharmacokinetic marker for Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids in humans. Based on the metabolites detected in human plasma, a possible metabolic pathway for Rhizoma coptidis in vivo was proposed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis were extensively biotransformed in vivo mainly via conjugation with glucuronic acid (GluA) or sulfuric acid (SulA) to form phase II metabolites, and the GluA metabolites are likely the dominant form in human plasma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vivo evaluation of the metabolic profile of the whole Rhizoma coptidis extract in human plasma, which is essential for determining the chemicals responsible for the pharmacological activities of Rhizoma coptidis in vivo. Moreover, it would be beneficial for us to further systematically study the pharmacokinetic behavior of Rhizoma coptidis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Wa Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Han
- Medical Institution Conducting Clinical Trials for Human Used Drug of Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Mongolian Medicine College of Pharmacy of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Risu Na
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Haburi Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
| | - Renbatu Bu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P.R. China
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He CY, Fu J, Shou JW, Zhao ZX, Ren L, Wang Y, Jiang JD. In Vitro Study of the Metabolic Characteristics of Eight Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Natural Plants in Rat Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060932. [PMID: 28587219 PMCID: PMC6152661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is populated with an immense number of microorganisms, which can be regulated by dietary components and drugs to markedly affect the nutritional and health status of the host. Eight medicinal isoquinoline alkaloids from natural plants were cultured anaerobically with rat gut microbiota and an LC/MSn-IT-TOF technique was used to identify the resulting metabolites. Palmatine, tetrahydropalmatine, dauricine, and tetrandrine containing nitro-hexatomic isoquinoline rings could be easily transformed by the intestinal flora in vitro and a total of nine demethylated metabolites were detected. However, sinomenine, homoharringtonine, harringtonine, and galanthamine, which all contained benzazepine, could not undergo demethylation. Computer-assisted docking was used to analyze the binding between these compounds and sterol 14α-demethylase. The computational results demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions were the main driving force for binding, but the steric hindrance produced by the benzazepine structure resulted in a weak interaction between the hit compounds and the enzyme. This work illustrated that gut microbiota were important in the metabolism of isoquinoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia-Wen Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhen-Xiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Long Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Wang K, Feng X, Chai L, Cao S, Qiu F. The metabolism of berberine and its contribution to the pharmacological effects. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:139-157. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1306544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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