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Wang P, Gao L, Ma T, Ye Z, Li Z. MicroRNA-1225-5p Promotes the Development of Fibrotic Cataracts via Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:591-604. [PMID: 38450708 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2316712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibrotic cataracts, including anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) as well as posterior capsule opacification (PCO), are a common vision-threatening cause worldwide. Still, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate a miRNA-based pathway regulating the pathological fibrosis process of lens epithelium. METHODS Gain- and loss-of-function approaches, as well as multiple fibrosis models of the lens, were applied to validate the crucial role of two miR-1225 family members in the TGF-β2 induced PCO model of human LECs and injury-induced ASC model in mice. RESULTS Both miR-1225-3p and miR-1225-5p prominently stimulate the migration and EMT process of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in vitro as well as lens fibrosis in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that the underlying mechanism for these effects of miR-1225-5p is via directly targeting Keap1 to regulate Keap1/Nrf2 signaling. In addition, evidence showed that Keap1/Nrf2 signaling is activated in the TGF-β2 induced PCO model of human LECs and injury-induced ASC model in mice, and inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway can significantly reverse the process of LECs EMT as well as lens fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that blockade of miR-1225-5p prevents lens fibrosis via targeting Keap1 thereby inhibiting Nrf2 activation. The 'miR-1225-Keap1-Nrf2' signaling axis presumably holds therapeutic promise in the treatment of fibrotic cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Viglianisi G, Polizzi A, Grippaudo C, Cocuzza S, Leonardi R, Isola G. Chemopreventive and Biological Strategies in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant and Malignant Disorders. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:65. [PMID: 38247942 PMCID: PMC10813134 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represent a significant global health burden due to their potential for malignant transformation and the challenges associated with their diagnosis and treatment. Chemoprevention, an innovative approach aimed at halting or reversing the neoplastic process before full malignancy, has emerged as a promising avenue for mitigating the impact of OPMD and OSCC. The pivotal role of chemopreventive strategies is underscored by the need for effective interventions that go beyond traditional therapies. In this regard, chemopreventive agents offer a unique opportunity to intercept disease progression by targeting the molecular pathways implicated in carcinogenesis. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and resveratrol, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties that could make them potential candidates for curtailing the transformation of OPMD to OSCC. Moreover, targeted therapies directed at specific molecular alterations hold promise in disrupting the signaling cascades driving OSCC growth. Immunomodulatory agents, like immune checkpoint inhibitors, are gaining attention for their potential to harness the body's immune response against early malignancies, thus impeding OSCC advancement. Additionally, nutritional interventions and topical formulations of chemopreventive agents offer localized strategies for preventing carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The challenge lies in optimizing these strategies for efficacy, safety, and patient compliance. This review presents an up to date on the dynamic interplay between molecular insights, clinical interventions, and the broader goal of reducing the burden of oral malignancies. As research progresses, the synergy between early diagnosis, non-invasive biomarker identification, and chemopreventive therapy is poised to reshape the landscape of OPMD and OSCC management, offering a glimpse of a future where these diseases are no longer insurmountable challenges but rather preventable and manageable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Cristina Grippaudo
- Head and Neck Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia” ENT Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 68, 95124 Catania, Italy; (G.V.); (A.P.); (R.L.); (G.I.)
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Xiao J, Zhou YN, Yang YL, He L, Wang KK, Chen M. Study on the pathogenesis of MiR-6324 regulating diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome and bioinformatics analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1044330. [PMID: 36873998 PMCID: PMC9975503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1044330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis of IBS-D by bioinformatics analysis of the differential microRNAs in rat colon tissue and to analyze and predict the function of their target genes. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats of SPF class were randomly divided into two groups, the model group was manipulated using the colorectal dilatation method + chronic restraint stress method to establish the IBS-D model; while the blank group stroked the perineum at the same frequency. Screening of differential miRNAs after High-throughput sequencing of rat colon tissue. GO and KEGG analysis of target genes using the DAVID website, further mapping using RStudio software; the STRING database and the Cytoscape software were used to obtain the protein interaction network (PPI) of the target genes as well as the core genes. Finally, qPCR was used to detect the expression of target genes in the colon tissue of two groups of rats. Results: After the screening, miR-6324 was obtained as the key of this study. The GO analysis of target genes of miR-6324 is mainly involved in protein phosphorylation, positive regulation of cell proliferation, and intracellular signal transduction; it affects a variety of cellular components such as cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles on the intracellular surface; it is also involved in molecular functions such as protein binding, ATP binding, and DNA binding. KEGG analysis showed that the intersecting target genes were mainly enriched in cancer pathways, proteoglycans in cancer, neurotrophic signaling pathway, etc. The protein-protein interaction network screened out the core genes mainly Ube2k, Rnf41, Cblb, Nek2, Nde1, Cep131, Tgfb2, Qsox1, and Tmsb4x. The qPCR results showed that the expression of miR-6324 decreased in the model group, but the decrease was not significant. Conclusion: miR-6324 may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS-D as a potential biological target and provide further ideas for research on the pathogenesis of the disease or treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-ni Zhou
- Sichuan Hospital of Integrative Medicine TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-lin Yang
- Zigong Fifth People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Li He
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-kai Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Silibinin suppresses TGFβ2-induced lens epithelial cell migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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5
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Zhang R, Wei Y, Zhang S, Li H, Li J, Ma B, Zhu X, Song X, Zhou H. Inhibitory effect of Idelalisib on selenite-induced cataract in Sprague Dawley rat pups. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:365-371. [PMID: 34720010 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1988984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Idelalisib, Apelisib and Copanlisib on 8-day-old cataract SD rat pups. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model induced by sodium selenate (Na2SeO3) was used in this study. Experimental animals were randomly divided into five groups with eight animals in each group. They were control group, Na2SeO3 group, Idelalisib group, Apelisib group and Copanlisib group. On days 3, 5 and 7, all rats in Na2SeO3, Idelalisib, Apelisib and Copanlisib groups were given subcutaneous injection into the nape with Na2SeO3 and control group was given the same amount of saline. For days 1-14, Idelalisib, Apelisib and Copanlisib were given by intragastric administration, respectively, and the same amount of saline was given to the control group and Na2SeO3 group. On the 15th day of the experiment, we selected the Idelalisib group with the best effect from all groups, separated their lenses, and further analyzed the crystal proteins, oxidative damage and apoptosis indexes. RESULTS The survival rate of rats in control and Idelalisib groups was 100%, the Na2SeO3 group was 37.5%, the Apelisib group was 25%, and the Copanlisib group was 0. According to the rat survival rate and lens score, we selected Idelalisib for further analysis of the crystallin, oxidative damage and apoptosis indexes. The results suggested that Na2SeO3 leads to cataract formation and crystallin precipitation. The levels of antioxidant enzymes GSH and SOD were decreased in the Na2SeO3 group, Nrf-2 and HO-1 were downregulated, Keap1 upregulated, and cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 upregulated. Idelalisib significantly improved crystallin insolubility, reduced oxidative damage, and inhibited lens apoptosis. CONCLUSION In summary, Idelalisib can significantly improve the progression of Na2SeO3-induced cataract in rats. In the future, it may be a potential effective drug candidate for the clinical treatment of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Zhang
- The Stat Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Dongting, China
| | - Yiying Wei
- The Stat Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Dongting, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- The Stat Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Li
- The Stat Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhe Li
- The Stat Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Dongting, China
| | - Bowei Ma
- The Stat Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Dongting, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- The Stat Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Dongting, China
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6
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Alizadeh J, Lorzadeh S, Ghavami S. Autophagy and cancer metastasis: a Trojan horse. J Investig Med 2021; 69:1145-1147. [PMID: 34230170 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada .,Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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7
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Liu Y, Chen T, Zheng G. Exosome-transmitted circ-CARD6 facilitates posterior capsule opacification development by miR-31/FGF7 axis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108572. [PMID: 33844960 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the major vision-disrupting complication arising after cataract surgery. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are biological active RNAs which were involved in various physiological functions. So far, the role of circRNA caspase recruitment domain family member 6 (circ-CARD6) in PCO is still unclear. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the expression of circ-CARD6, microRNA 31 (miR-31) and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) message RNA (mRNA). Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to capture the exosome image. The proliferation and metastasis were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), transwell and wound healing assays. The potential binding sequences between miR-31 and circ-CARD6 or FGF7 were respectively predicted by Circinteractome and Targetscan online tool, and verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. RESULTS Exosome-transmitted circ-CARD6 was highly expressed in PCO tissues and TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. Circ-CARD6 deletion repressed the proliferation, metastasis, EMT process and MAPK pathway, which was reversed by anti-miR-31 in TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. Meanwhile, circ-CARD6 sponged miR-31 which directly targeted FGF7 in TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. FGF7 overexpression allayed miR-31 overexpression-induced suppression in proliferation, metastasis, EMT process and MAPK pathway. Besides, circ-CARD6 regulated FGF7 expression by sponging miR-31. CONCLUSION Circ-CARD6 promoted PCO development via miR-31/FGF7 axis. This finding might contribute to the development of the targeted therapy for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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8
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Li X, Xu Z, Hao L, Cui Z, Bi K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Cross-talk of Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma and Cataract. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:810-822. [PMID: 32031062 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200207113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, which involves many cellular and cellular components. Cataract is a condition that affects the transparency of the lens, which the opacity of the lens caused by any innate or acquired factor degrades its transparency or changes in color. Both of them belong to diseases induced by immune disorders or inflammation. We want to confirm the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of asthma and cataract simultaneously, and provide reference for the later related experiments. So we conducted a scoping review of many databases and searched for studies (Academic research published in Wiley, Springer and Bentham from 2000 to 2019) about the possible relationship between asthma and cataract. It was found that during the onset of asthma and cataract, Rho/Rock signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway are all active, so they may have a certain correlation in pathogenesis. Asthma may be associated with cataract through the eight signaling pathways, causing inflammation or immune imbalance based on allergy that can lead to cataract. According to these studies, we speculated that the three most likely signaling pathways are PI3K/AKT, MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Sumei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, No. 2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiangsheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lifang Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kewei Bi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China,Offices of Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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Babaei G, Aziz SGG, Jaghi NZZ. EMT, cancer stem cells and autophagy; The three main axes of metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110909. [PMID: 33227701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are major factors contributing to the metastasis of cancer cells. Consequently, the signaling pathways involved in both processes are appropriate therapeutic targets in the treatment of metastasis. Autophagy is another process that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers; depending on the type of cancer and tissue and the stage of cancer, this process can play a dual role in the development of cancer cells. Studies on cancer cells have shown that different signaling pathways are involved in all three processes, namely, cancer stem cells, autophagy, and EMT. The purpose of this study was to investigate and elucidate the relationship between the effective signaling pathways in all three processes, which could play an effective role in determining appropriate therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Babaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences (UMSU), Urmia, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | | | - Nasrin Zare Zavieyh Jaghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences (UMSU), Urmia, Iran
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Indole hydrazide compound ZJQ-24 inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis cell death through abrogation of AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:926. [PMID: 33116125 PMCID: PMC7595202 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and the activation of AKT/mTOR pathway are crucial for hepatocarcinoma development and progression, the activation of mTORC1/2 and relevant substrates have been confirmed in clinical hepatocarcinoma samples. Therefore, AKT/mTOR pathway represents the major targets for anti-cancer drugs development. Here, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity and mechanisms of ZJQ-24 in hepatocellular carcinoma, both in vivo and in vitro. A hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model showed that ZJQ-24 significantly inhibited tumor growth with few side effects. MTT assays, flow cytometric analysis, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry identified that ZJQ-24 effectively suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis but had no cytotoxic on normal cells. Furthermore, ZJQ-24 significantly blocked AKT/mTOR signaling by down-regulation of mTORC1 molecules, including phospho-p70S6K (Thr389) and phospho-4EBP-1 (Ser65, Thr37/46, Thr70) and phospho-AKT (Ser473) in HCC cells. It is very important that the ZJQ-24 did not induce the mTORC1-depdent PI3K/Akt feedback activation through JNK excitation. Moreover, ZJQ-24 inhibited the cap-dependent translation initiation by impairing the assembly of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed ZJQ-24 inhibited the tumor growth through suppression of VEGF and AKT/mTOR pathways in vivo. Thus, the present study is the first to illustrate that ZJQ-24 triggers antiangiogenic activity and apoptosis via inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, providing basic scientific evidence that ZJQ-24 shows great potential function as inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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11
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Wang R, Lu X, Yu R. Lycopene Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes Apoptosis in Oral Cancer via PI3K/AKT/m-TOR Signal Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2461-2471. [PMID: 32606612 PMCID: PMC7321693 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s251614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral cancer (OC) is one of the most common cancers around the world. Despite the progress in treatment, the prognosis of OC remains poor, especially for patients with advanced diseases. It urges the development of novel therapeutic options against OC. Lycopene (LYC) is an antioxidant with chemoprotective properties against cancer. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the protective role of LYC in OC tumorigenesis. Methods In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of LYC on the progression of OC in vitro and in vivo and explored the underlying mechanisms involved in this process. Results LYC inhibited OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and xenograft tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that LYC might inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and induce apoptosis in OC cells by deactivating the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling through increasing the levels of E-cadherin and Bax and downregulating N-cadherin, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-m-TOR, and bcl-2. Conclusion We reported for the first time that LYC exhibited anti-cancer effects on OC development both in vitro and in vivo via regulating EMT process and apoptosis. These findings provide support for the potential clinical use of LYC in OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Lu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Riyue Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ling J, Tan K, Lu L, Yang F, Luan L. lncRNA MIAT increases cell viability, migration, EMT and ECM production in age-related cataracts by regulating the miR-181a/CTGF/ERK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1053-1063. [PMID: 32742346 PMCID: PMC7388250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract (ARC) is a common cause of blindness in elderly individuals. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) has been reported to participate in various biological processes in a number of diseases; however, the biological mechanism underlying MIAT during ARC is not completely understood. The expression levels of MIAT, microRNA (miR)-181a and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of CTGF, α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen type I, ERK, phosphorylated (p)-ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), and p-MEK were detected by western blotting. Cell viability and migration were assessed using MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. Moreover, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the interaction between miR-181a and MIAT or CTGF. MIAT and CTGF were upregulated, while miR-181a was significantly downregulated in ARC tissues compared with normal tissues. MIAT or CTGF knockdown decreased cell viability, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix production in TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. It was hypothesized that miR-181a may be sponged by MIAT and may target CTGF. Furthermore, the miR-181a inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of MIAT knockdown on the progression of TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. Moreover, CTGF knockdown also reversed MIAT overexpression-mediated progression of TGF-β2-treated SRA01/04 cells. In addition, MIAT and CTGF regulated the activity of the ERK signaling pathway. The results suggested that MIAT may regulate the progression of ARC via the miR-181a/CTGF/ERK signaling pathway, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Liu H, Jiang B. Let-7a-5p represses proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting Smad2 in TGF-β2-induced human lens epithelial cells. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Liu H, Jiang B. Let-7a-5p represses proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting Smad2 in TGF-b2-induced human lens epithelial cells. J Biosci 2020; 45:59. [PMID: 32345785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2)/Smad signaling is widely accepted as a key inducer of proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (LECs), contributing to the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in PCO pathogenesis. Herein, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of let-7a-5p on TGF-β2-induced proliferation and EMT in LECs. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of let-7a-5p and Smad2 mRNA. Western blot was used to determine the Smad2 level and the induction of EMT. The targeted correlation between let-7a-5p and Smad2 was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. CCK-8 assay was employed to determine cell proliferation, and transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion. We found that TGF-β2 induced EMT of LECs, and TGF-β2 upregulated Smad2 expression and reduced let-7a-5p expression in LECs. Smad2 was a direct target of let-7a-5p. Moreover, let-7a-5p upregulation repressed proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in TGF-β2-induced LECs. But, Smad2 expression restoration abrogated the inhibitory effect of let-7a-5p upregulation. In conclusion, our data indicated that let-7a-5p upregulation repressed TGF-β2-induced proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT at least partly by targeting Smad2 in LECs, highlighting that let-7a-5p might act as a promising therapeutic target to intervene to the progression of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Tang T, Luo Y, Stevens MFG, Cheng X, Yang Y, Shi D, Zhang J, Bradshaw TD. The antitumour activity of 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole in human gastric cancer models is mediated by AhR signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1750-1759. [PMID: 31876059 PMCID: PMC6991636 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Identification of novel molecular therapeutic targets and development of novel treatments are critical. Against a panel of gastric carcinoma cell lines, the activity of 2‐(4‐amino‐3‐methylphenyl)‐5‐fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) was investigated. Adopting RT‐PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques, we sought to determine molecular pharmacodynamic (PD) markers of sensitivity and investigate arylhydrocarbon (AhR) receptor‐mediated signal transduction activation by 5F 203. Potent (IC50 ≤ 0.09 μmol/L), selective (>250‐fold) in vitro antitumour activity was observed in MKN‐45 and AGS carcinoma cells. Exposure of MKN‐45 cells to 5F 203 triggered cytosolic AhR translocation to nuclei, inducing CYP1A1 (>50‐fold) and CYP2W1 (~20‐fold) transcription and protein (CYP1A1 and CYP2W1) expression. G2/M arrest and γH2AX expression preceded apoptosis, evidenced by PARP cleavage. In vivo, significant (P < .01) 5F 203 efficacy was observed against MKN‐45 and AGS xenografts. In mice‐bearing 5F 203‐sensitive MKN‐45 and 5F 203‐insensitive BGC‐823 tumours in opposite flanks, CYP1A1, CYP2W1 and γH2AX protein in MKN‐45 tumours only following treatment of mice with 5F 203 (5 mg/kg) revealed PD biomarkers of sensitivity. 5F 203 evokes potent, selective antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo in human gastric cancer models. It triggers AhR signal transduction, CYP‐catalysed bioactivation to electrophilic species causing lethal DNA double‐strand breaks exclusively in sensitive cells. 5F 203 represents a novel therapeutic agent with a mechanism of action distinct from current clinical drugs, exploiting novel molecular targets pertinent to gastric tumourigenesis: AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP2W1. PD markers of 5F 203 sensitivity that could guide patient selection have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Malcolm F G Stevens
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xi Cheng
- Atom Bioscience and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Atom Bioscience and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- Atom Bioscience and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Gao N, Li J, Qin Y, Wang Y, Kang Q, Pei C. SNAI1 interacts with HDAC1 to control TGF‑β2‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:265-273. [PMID: 31746377 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The opacity of the lens capsule after cataract surgery is caused by epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells. Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) is a transcriptional repressor that recruits multiple chromatin enzymes including lysine‑specific histone demethylase 1A, histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1/2, polycomb repressive complex 2, euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 and suppressor of variegation 3‑9 homolog 1 to the E‑cadherin promoter, thereby suppressing E‑cadherin expression. However, the functional relationship between SNAI1 and HDAC in the induction of EMT in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) is still unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the possible functional relationship between SNAI1 and HDAC1 in the induction of EMT in HLECs. In the present study, SNAI1 was found to be increased in HLECs during transforming growth factor‑β2 (TGF‑β2)‑induced EMT. Knockdown of SNAI1 by siRNA reversed TGF‑β2‑induced downregulation of E‑cadherin and upregulation of α‑Smooth Muscle Actin. Furthermore, SNAI1 was found to be associated with HDAC1 in the E‑cadherin promoter in TGF‑β2‑treated HLECs. Inhibition of HDAC by trichostatin A and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid could prevent TGF‑β2‑induced EMT in HLECs. Collectively, SNAI1 interacted with HDAC1 to repress E‑cadherin in the TGF‑β2‑induced EMT in HLECs, suggesting that HDAC inhibitors may have potential therapeutic value for the prevention of EMT in HLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yazhou Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yingna Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianyang Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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17
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Jiang Y, Hu F, Li Q, Shen C, Yang J, Li M. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates the bleomycin-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in a murine model of systemic sclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105968. [PMID: 31704290 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune inflammatory and vascular disorder leading to progressive tissue fibrosis. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a phytochemical extracted from the Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza that exhibits diverse activities. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the potential impact of Tan IIA on the skin fibrosis-related endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. EndoMT-related indexes including morphological characteristics, functional changes, histological parameters, expression levels of extracellular matrix associated genes, and changes in the expression of related biomarkers in dermal fibrosis were assessed. Tan IIA had a strong anti-fibrotic effect through amelioration of skin thickness and collagen deposition. Moreover, Tan IIA partially reversed bleomycin-induced EndoMT both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Tan IIA mitigated the diminution of tube formation in endothelial cells induced by bleomycin. Furthermore, mechanistically, the activation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway was found to be involved in bleomycin-treated SSc mouse model, which was alleviated by Tan IIA. In summary, these data suggest that Tan IIA alleviates SSc-related dermal fibrosis and EndoMT and that the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway is involved in this regulation, thus supporting the potential of Tan IIA as a disease-modifying candidate agent for treating the vascular damage of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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18
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Liu W, Yang Y, Yan J, Wang L. MicroRNA-23b-3p promotes the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells by targeting Sprouty2. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:704-711. [PMID: 31235073 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cataract, opacification of the lens, is one of the most important reasons of visual impairment and blindness. Though microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play important roles in cataractogenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms in this progress remain obscure. In the present study, microRNA-23b-3p (miR-23b) overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas miR-23b knockdown markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration and TGF-β-induced EMT of lens epithelial cells (LECs). In TGF-β-induced LECs, the expression of miR-23b was markedly upregulated and the expression of Sprouty2 (SPRY2) was markedly downregulated, furthermore the mRNA and protein levels of SPRY2 were markedly decreased in miR-23b inhibitor-transfected LECs. We then performed a Dual-luciferase reporter assay to confirm that miR-23b directly targeted SPRY2. The promoted migration and EMT of LECs by enforced expression of miR-23b were suppressed by SPRY2 overexpression. The findings present the first evidence indicating that miR-23b can promote the proliferation, migration, and EMT of LECs by targeting SPRY2 and the inhibition of miR-23b may possess the therapeutic potential for cataract.
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19
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Plüss CJ, Kustermann S. A Human Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Lens Epithelial Cells as a Model to Study Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:56-64. [PMID: 31259661 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cataract is a pathological opacification of the lens, which is still one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Several etiologies are described, among them drug-induced cataract, for example, posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) after steroid treatment. To investigate different mechanisms of drug-induced cataract a human three-dimensional (3D) lens in vitro model was developed, consisting of immortalized human lens epithelial cells. Methods: These cells were cultivated on 96-well, ultralow attachment plates, where they rapidly form spheroids. By gene expression analysis different markers were observed, which are important to maintain lens transparency, such as ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Results: The lens epithelial cells form a spheroid within a few days and show stable expression of important lens marker, and size and viability remain stable up to 26 days in culture. The gene expression of the glucocorticoid-treated spheroids revealed a clear shift in the expression of EphA2, α-SMA, αB-crystallin (CRYAB), and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1). Furthermore, the glucocorticoid treatment did not improve cell survival. Conclusions: This study proposes a useful 3D in vitro model, which expresses important lens markers and is capable of demonstrating features found in drug-induced cataracts. As the viability remains stable over long time, this model can also be used for long-term treatment. The main characteristics are the increased expression of α-SMA, CRYAB, and HSPB1 and the decreased expression of EphA2. The present data provide some first evidence on novel mechanisms involved in glucocorticoid-induced cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Johanna Plüss
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kustermann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Liu J, Xu D, Li J, Gao N, Liao C, Jing R, Wu B, Ma B, Shao Y, Pei C. The role of focal adhesion kinase in transforming growth factor-β2 induced migration of human lens epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3591-3601. [PMID: 30280182 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of lens epithelial cells towards the posterior capsule is a key event in the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Accumulating evidence has described crosstalk between growth factors and adhesive signaling pathways in wound healing and cell migration. The aim of the present study was to elucidate an aberrant transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β2 signaling pathway that regulated the migration of lens epithelial cells in the pathological context of PCO. The expression of fibronectin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated (p)‑FAK in HLE‑B3 cells following TGF‑β2 treatment was determined by western blot analysis and the expression of integrin α5β1 was detected by flow cytometry. Cell migration capacity was measured by wound healing and Transwell assays in the presence of 1,2,4,5‑tetraaminobenzene tetrahydrochloride, a selective FAK inhibitor, fibronectin small interfering RNA interference, arginylglycylaspartic acid peptides or α5β1‑integrin neutralizing antibodies. The 1,2,4,5‑tetraaminobenzene tetrahydrochloride was administered daily to 16 rabbits following cataract surgery. Fibronectin and TGF‑β expression were increased in the PCO group, demonstrated by immunofluorescence assays. PCO grading was conducted by slit‑lamp biomicroscopy and evaluation of posterior capsule opacification software. It was observed that TGF‑β2 promoted HLE‑B3 cell migration and upregulated fibronectin expression, which was followed by an increased phosphorylation of FAK. In addition, TGF‑β2 treatment and fibronectin surface coating significantly increased cell migration and FAK activation, which was inhibited by disrupting fibronectin‑integrin α5β1 interaction with the arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide, α5β1‑integrin neutralizing antibody or fibronectin depletion. Finally, suppression of FAK signaling by its inhibitor significantly decreased cell migration in vitro and attenuated PCO development in vivo. In summary, TGF‑β2 was indicated to promote the migration of lens epithelial cells through the TGF‑β2/fibronectin/integrin/FAK axis. Inhibition of FAK activity decreased TGF‑β2‑mediated cell migration in vitro and improved the symptoms of PCO in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chongbing Liao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bogang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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21
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Zhang Z, Zhu H, Liu Y, Quan F, Zhang X, Yu L. LncRNA HOTAIR mediates TGF-β2-induced cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lens epithelial cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1028-1037. [PMID: 30239553 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) results from the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) and fibers in the capsular bag. Previous reports have demonstrated that transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) affects the cellular processes via modulation of EMT in LECs. However, the mechanisms that underlie the TGF-β2-induced EMT in LECs are still largely unknown. In this study, we confirmed that TGF-β2 induces EMT in SRA01/04 cells via the up-regulation of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR. To study the effects of HOTAIR on the proliferation, migration and EMT of SRA01/04 cells as well as the underlying mechanism, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to specifically attenuate HOTAIR expression in SRA01/04 cells. CCK8 cell-counting kit was used to examine SRA01/04 cell viability; EdU cell proliferation kit was used to examine SRA01/04 cell proliferation; Transwell system and scratch assays were used to observe cell migration; and qPCR and western blot analysis were used to evaluate EMT progression. We found that inhibition of HOTAIR expression repressed SRA01/04 cell viability, proliferation, migration and prevented the TGF-β2-induced changes in cellular processes via modulation of EMT. Ultimately, we found that HOTAIR affected the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In summary, we elucidated that HOTAIR affected the cell viability, proliferation, and migration in the TGF-β2-induced EMT in SRA01/04 cells and suggested that modulation of HOTAIR may be helpful in PCO prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huirong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fu Quan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xibo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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22
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Shao JZ, Qi Y, Du SS, Du WW, Li FZ, Zhang FY. In vitro inhibition of proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells by fasudil. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1253-1257. [PMID: 30140626 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the potential role of fasudil as a treatment for posterior capsular opacification (PCO) of the human crystalline lens. METHODS Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs; line SRA01/04) was exposed to transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) to induce the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fasudil was applied to the cell samples. Its effect on overall HLECs proliferation and migration was studied, as was its influence on EMT induction by TGF-β2 using cell migration assay, MTT colorimetric assay and Western blot assay. RESULTS Fasudil inhibited the proliferation of SRA01/04. Its effect was time- and concentration-dependent. The migration of SRA01/04 cells was significantly reduced 24-72h after fasudil treatment, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 22.37 µmol/mL at 72h. Reversal of the elongated, fibroblast-like shape changes induced by TGF-β2 in SRA01/04 cells was observed. Fasudil up-regulated the expression of Connexin43 protein and down-regulated the expression of α-SMA protein compared with the cells treated with TGF-β2. Furthermore, when exposed to fasudil, the phosphorylation of Rho-associated protein kinase (Rock) and myosin light chain (MLC) could not be activated in the cell preparations. CONCLUSION Fasudil suppresses the proliferation and migration of SRA01/04 cells, and inhibits the process of EMT induced by TGF-β2. These results suggest that fasudil may serve as a therapeutic agent for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Wen Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng-Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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23
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Tan S, Wang K, Sun F, Li Y, Gao Y. CXCL9 promotes prostate cancer progression through inhibition of cytokines from T cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1305-1310. [PMID: 29901197 PMCID: PMC6072144 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines have been demonstrated to serve an important role in a variety of diseases, particularly in tumor progression. There have been numerous studies that have reported that T cells serve major roles in tumor progression. However, the function of CXC motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) in prostate cancer remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of CXCL9 in prostate cancer. A prostate cancer mouse model was generated by treating C57/BL‑6 and B6.Cg‑Selplgtm1Fur/J mice with 3,2'‑dimethyl 4‑aminobiphenyl (DMAB). Hematoxylin and eosin staining detected the histopathological alterations of mouse prostate tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining determined cell proliferation of the mice. Flow cytometry was used to detect the alterations of T cells in C57+DMAB or CXCL9+DMAB mice. Immunofluorescence revealed that there was positive expression of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β in the mouse tissues. The survival rates of C57+DMAB and CXCL9+DMAB mice was analyzed. The association of CXCL9 expression and clinical stages was also evaluated. Results revealed that prostate cancer pathology and cell proliferation in CXCL9+DMAB mice were significantly greater compared with the C57+DMAB mice. Compared with C57+DMAB mice, the number of T cells in peripheral blood and spleen of CXCL9+DMAB mice was significantly reduced. IHC demonstrated that the expression of IL‑6 and TGF‑β was significantly downregulated in the CXCL9+DMAB mice. The survival rate of CXCL9+DMAB mice was significantly decreased compared with the C57+DMAB mice. In addition, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that CXCL9 mRNA expression in clinical samples was positively associated with clinical pathological stages of prostate cancer. In conclusion, CXCL9 may promote prostate cancer progression via inhibition of cytokines from T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfeng Tan
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Fuguang Sun
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Gao
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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24
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Feng H, Yang Z, Bai X, Yang M, Fang Y, Zhang X, Guo Q, Ning H. Therapeutic potential of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: An in vitro study. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2099-2107. [PMID: 29344639 PMCID: PMC5810205 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) serves a central role in regulating cell growth and survival, and has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathological progression of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). In the present study, the potency of PP242, a novel dual inhibitor of mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2), in the suppression of the growth of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) was investigated. Using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 and a wound healing assay, it was demonstrated that PP242 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HLECs. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that PP242 completely inhibited mTORC1 and mTORC2 downstream signaling activities, whereas rapamycin only partially inhibited mTORC1 activity within LECs. Furthermore, PP242 treatment led to an upregulation of the expression levels of p53 and B cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X and downregulation of Bcl‑2. In addition, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that PP242 induced the cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, which may have caused apoptosis and induced autophagy within the LECs. The results of the present study suggested that administration of PP242 may potentially offer a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Meirong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University
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Rumman M, Jung KH, Fang Z, Yan HH, Son MK, Kim SJ, Kim J, Park JH, Lim JH, Hong S, Hong SS. HS-173, a novel PI3K inhibitor suppresses EMT and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78029-78047. [PMID: 27793006 PMCID: PMC5363641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies prone to metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to cancer invasiveness and drug resistance. In this study, we investigated whether HS-173, a novel PI3K inhibitor blocked the process of EMT in pancreatic cancer. HS-173 inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, it significantly suppressed the TGF-β-induced migration and invasion, as well as reversed TGF-β-induced mesenchymal cell morphology. Also, HS-173 reduced EMT by increasing epithelial markers and decreasing the mesenchymal markers by blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Smad2/3 signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, HS-173 clearly suppressed tumor growth without drug toxicity in both xenograft and orthotopic mouse models. Furthermore, to explore the anti-metastatic effect of HS-173, we established pancreatic cancer metastatic mouse models and found that it significantly inhibited metastatic dissemination of the primary tumor to liver and lung. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that HS-173 can efficiently suppress EMT and metastasis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Smad2/3 signaling pathways, suggesting it can be a potential candidate for the treatment of advanced stage pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Rumman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kwon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
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Safer approaches to therapeutic modulation of TGF-β signaling for respiratory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:98-113. [PMID: 29462659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokines play a central role in development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases. TGF-β overexpression in chronic inflammation, remodeling, fibrotic process and susceptibility to viral infection is established in the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases including asthma, COPD, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite the overwhelming burden of respiratory diseases in the world, new pharmacological therapies have been limited in impact. Although TGF-β inhibition as a therapeutic strategy carries great expectations, the constraints in avoiding compromising the beneficial pleiotropic effects of TGF-β, including the anti-proliferative and immune suppressive effects, have limited the development of effective pharmacological modulators. In this review, we focus on the pathways subserving deleterious and beneficial TGF-β effects to identify strategies for selective modulation of more distal signaling pathways that may result in agents with improved safety/efficacy profiles. Adverse effects of TGF-β inhibitors in respiratory clinical trials are comprehensively reviewed, including those of the marketed TGF-β modulators, pirfenidone and nintedanib. Precise modulation of TGF-β signaling may result in new safer therapies for chronic respiratory diseases.
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Bufalin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis by targeting HIF-1α via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20193-208. [PMID: 26958938 PMCID: PMC4991447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that there are multiple mechanisms by which bufalin could exert its antimetastatic effect. HIF-1α has been reported to be involved in tumor migration and invasion by regulating EMT. However, it is not known whether bufalin could exert the antimetastatic effect by modulating HIF-1α expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of bufalin in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the liver/lung metastases were significantly reduced in bufalin-treated mice, as tested in the orthotopic transplanted and tail vein injection tumor models. Furthermore, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was inhibited in bufalin-treated tumors, as reflected the upregulation of E-cadherin, and downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail. Similar results were observed in SMMC7721 cells treated with bufalin. Moreover, the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT was also abrogated by bufalin. Mechanistically, our study demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) played an important role in the antimetastatic effect of bufalin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Importantly, HIF-1α expression may be regulated through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that bufalin suppresses hepatic tumor invasion and metastasis and that this process may be related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ HIF-1α axis.
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Ozone oil promotes wound healing by increasing the migration of fibroblasts via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170658. [PMID: 28864782 PMCID: PMC5678031 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury affects millions of people via the uncontrolled inflammation and infection. Many cellular components including fibroblasts and signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were activated to facilitate the wound healing to repair injured tissues. C57BL/6 female mice were divided into control and ozone oil treated groups. Excisional wounds were made on the dorsal skin and the fibroblasts were isolated from granulation tissues. The skin injured mouse model revealed that ozone oil could significantly decrease the wound area and accelerate wound healing compared with control group. QPCR and Western blotting assays showed that ozone oil up-regulated collagen I, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein levels in fibroblasts. Wound healing assay demonstrated that ozone oil could increase the migration of fibroblasts. Western blotting assay demonstrated that ozone oil increased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in fibroblasts via up-regulating fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGFBP5, and IGFBP6, and decreasing epithelial protein E-cadherin and cellular senescence marker p16 expression. Mechanistically, Western blotting assay revealed that ozone oil increased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR to regulate the EMT process, while inhibition of PI3K reversed this effect of ozone oil. At last, the results from Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) demonstrated ozone oil significantly decreased the inflammation in fibroblasts. Our results demonstrated that ozone oil facilitated the wound healing via increasing fibroblast migration and EMT process via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. The cellular and molecular mechanisms we found here may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of skin injury.
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Sun P, Wang ZQ, Wang DS, Zhang DS, Wang FH, Fu JH, Xu RH, Li YH. Fibrinogen promotes malignant biological tumor behavior involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the p-AKT/p-mTOR pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2413-2424. [PMID: 28801734 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with unfavorable prognosis and advanced tumor behavior in various malignancies, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its biological function in ESCC is unknown. The present study was designed to further validate the prognostic value of preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia and evaluate the biological role of fibrinogen, as well as the underlying mechanism in ESCC. METHODS Data from 452 cases with newly diagnosed ESCC followed by curative surgery between 2006 and 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. The Clauss method was utilized to measure the preoperative plasma fibrinogen level. Correlations between the fibrinogen level and clinicopathologic characteristics and survival analysis were performed. The effects of fibrinogen on malignant behaviors, including tumor cell viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion, were also investigated. RESULTS The optimal cut-off value for plasma fibrinogen level was defined as 4.0 g/L according to recommendations. Thus, the proportion of hyperfibrinogenemia was 24.8% (112/452). Preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia was significantly associated with advanced tumor length, deep tumor invasion, advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage, alcohol consumption, a higher white blood cell count, a higher platelet count, and high globulin levels. Univariate survival analysis revealed that compared to those with normal plasma fibrinogen levels, patients with hyperfibrinogenemia tended to have poorer disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR), 1.692; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.304-2.196; P < 0.001] and overall survival (OS) (HR 1.864; 95% CI 1.424-2.440; P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression models, these factors remained independent predictors for impaired DFS (HR 1.491; 95% CI 1.138-1.955; P = 0.004) and OS (HR 1.648; 95% CI 1.246-2.180; P < 0.001) after adjusting for other confounding variables. In addition, fibrinogen could significantly promote cell migration and invasion but not proliferation. Moreover, it could also induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increase the levels of p-PTEN, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in ESCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative plasma hyperfibrinogenemia might serve as an independent predictor of unfavorable survival in ESCC. Furthermore, fibrinogen may promote cell motility by inducing EMT via the p-AKT/p-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Xu H, An M. mTORC1 regulates apoptosis and cell proliferation in pterygium via targeting autophagy and FGFR3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7339. [PMID: 28779179 PMCID: PMC5544690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is one of the most common ocular surface diseases. During the initiation of pterygium, resting epithelial cells are activated and exhibit aberrant apoptosis and cell proliferation. Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of cell growth, cell proliferation, protein synthesis, autophagy and transcription. However, the effect of mTORC1 activation in epithelial cells on pterygium development has not yet been reported. Additionally, the roles of mTORC1 in aberrant apoptosis and cell proliferation during the initiation of pterygium, and the underlying mechanisms, are not known. Herein, we evaluated mTOR signalling in pterygium growth and development. The results revealed that mTOR signalling, especially mTORC1 signaling, is highly activated, and aberrant apoptosis and cell proliferation were observed in pterygium. mTORC1 activation inhibits apoptosis in pterygium by regulating Beclin 1-dependent autophagy via targeting Bcl-2. mTORC1 also negatively regulates fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) through inhibition of p73, thereby stimulating cell proliferation in pterygium. These data demonstrate that mTORC1 signalling is highly activated in pterygium and provide new insights into the pathogenesis and progression of pterygium. Hence, mTORC1 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanchun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixia An
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Lamins and metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:105-111. [PMID: 27974395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments (IFs) with important roles in most nuclear activities, including nuclear organization and cell-cycle progression. Mutations in human lamins cause over 17 different diseases, termed laminopathies. Most of these diseases are autosomal dominant and can be roughly divided into four major groups: muscle diseases, peripheral neuronal diseases, accelerated aging disorders and metabolic diseases including Dunnigan type familial partial lipodystrophy (FLPD), acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL) and autosomal dominant leucodystrophy. Mutations in lamins are also associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Cells derived from patients suffering from metabolic laminopathies, as well as cells derived from the corresponding animal models, show a disruption of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, abnormal autophagy, altered proliferative rate and down-regulation of genes that regulate adipogenesis. In addition, treating Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) cells with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin improves their fate. In this review, we will discuss the ways by which lamin genes are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism.
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32
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Zhang B, Chen Y, Qiu M, Ding Z. Long noncoding RNA expression profile in HLE B-3 cells during TGF-β 2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:69. [PMID: 28511643 PMCID: PMC5434530 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, little research has focused on the expression profile of lncRNAs during EMT in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and their functions have not yet been described. Methods Dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs in normal human lens epithelial B-3(HLE B-3) cells and during transforming growth factor β2(TGF-β2)-induced EMT were analyzed via lncRNA microarray. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analyses of differentially expressed mRNAs were performed to identify their functions and pathologic pathways. Six candidate lncRNAs were validated via quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) to confirm the microarray data. Results A total of 775 lncRNAs (325 up-regulated and 450 down-regulated) and 935 mRNAs (329 up-regulated and 606 down-regulated) were differentially expressed in HLE B-3 cells during TGF-β2-induced EMT compared to normal HLE B-3 cells. GO and KEGG Pathway analyses indicated the functions of differentially expressed mRNAs in the TGF-β2-induced EMT in HLE B-3 cells. qRT-PCR confirmed the trends indicated in microarray analysis for all 6 candidate lncRNAs. Conclusion Our study lays the foundation for future research in lncRNAs related to EMT in HLE B-3 cells and could provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Zhang
- Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - Meiyuan Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Zhixiang Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, 541001, China.
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