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Arreola J, Pérez-Cornejo P, Segura-Covarrubias G, Corral-Fernández N, León-Aparicio D, Guzmán-Hernández ML. Function and Regulation of the Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel Anoctamin 1 (TMEM16A). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:101-151. [PMID: 35768554 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various human tissues express the calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), also known as TMEM16A. ANO1 allows the passive chloride flux that controls different physiological functions ranging from muscle contraction, fluid and hormone secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and electrical excitability. Overexpression of ANO1 is associated with pathological conditions such as hypertension and cancer. The molecular cloning of ANO1 has led to a surge in structural, functional, and physiological studies of the channel in several tissues. ANO1 is a homodimer channel harboring two pores - one in each monomer - that work independently. Each pore is activated by voltage-dependent binding of two intracellular calcium ions to a high-affinity-binding site. In addition, the binding of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to sites scattered throughout the cytosolic side of the protein aids the calcium activation process. Furthermore, many pharmacological studies have established ANO1 as a target of promising compounds that could treat several illnesses. This chapter describes our current understanding of the physiological roles of ANO1 and its regulation under physiological conditions as well as new pharmacological compounds with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arreola
- Physics Institute, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Pérez-Cornejo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine of Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Segura-Covarrubias
- Physics Institute, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nancy Corral-Fernández
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine of Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Daniel León-Aparicio
- Physics Institute, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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Drug repurposing and molecular mechanisms of the antihypertensive drug candesartan as a TMEM16A channel inhibitor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123839. [PMID: 36842737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
TMEM16A, a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC), and its pharmacological inhibitors can inhibit the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. However,the poor efficacy, safety, and stability of TMEM16A inhibitors limit the development of these agents. Therefore, finding new therapeutic directions from already marketed drugs is a feasible strategy to obtain safe and effective therapeutic drugs. Here, we screened a library contain more than 2400 FDA, EMA, and NMPA-approved drugs through virtual screening. We identified a drug candidate, candesartan (CDST), which showed strong inhibitory effect on the TMEM16A in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 24.40 ± 3.21 μM. In addition, CDST inhibited proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis of LA795 cells targeting TMEM16A, and significantly inhibited lung adenocarcinoma tumor growth in vivo. The molecular mechanism of CDST inhibiting TMEM16A channel indicated it bound to R515/R535/E623/E624 in the drug pocket, thereby blocked the pore. In conclusion, we identified a novel TMEM16A channel inhibitor, CDST, which exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against lung adenocarcinoma. Considering that CDST has been used in clinical treatment of hypertension, it may play an important role in the combined treatment of hypertension and lung adenocarcinoma as a multi-target drug in the future.
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Goto K, Kitazono T. Chloride Ions, Vascular Function and Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092316. [PMID: 36140417 PMCID: PMC9496098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, and mediators that induce vasoconstriction will increase systemic vascular resistance and thus elevate blood pressure. While peripheral vascular resistance reflects a complex interaction of multiple factors, vascular ion channels and transporters play important roles in the regulation of vascular tone by modulating the membrane potential of vascular cells. In vascular smooth muscle cells, chloride ions (Cl−) are a type of anions accumulated by anion exchangers and the anion–proton cotransporter system, and efflux of Cl− through Cl− channels depolarizes the membrane and thereby triggers vasoconstriction. Among these Cl− regulatory pathways, emerging evidence suggests that upregulation of the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A in the vasculature contributes to the increased vascular contractility and elevated blood pressure in hypertension. A robust accumulation of intracellular Cl− in vascular smooth muscle cells through the increased activity of Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) during hypertension has also been reported. Thus, the enhanced activity of both TMEM16A and NKCC1 could act additively and sequentially to increase vascular contractility and hence blood pressure in hypertension. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the role of Cl− in the regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure and its association with hypertension, with a particular focus on TMEM16A and NKCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Goto
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Cil O, Chen X, Askew Page HR, Baldwin SN, Jordan MC, Myat Thwe P, Anderson MO, Haggie PM, Greenwood IA, Roos KP, Verkman AS. A small molecule inhibitor of the chloride channel TMEM16A blocks vascular smooth muscle contraction and lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kidney Int 2021; 100:311-320. [PMID: 33836171 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs with different targets and mechanisms of action. Here, we provide evidence that pharmacological inhibition of TMEM16A (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, blocks calcium-activated chloride currents and contraction in vascular smooth muscle in vitro and decreases blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The acylaminocycloalkylthiophene TMinh-23 fully inhibited calcium-activated TMEM16A chloride current with nanomolar potency in Fischer rat thyroid cells expressing TMEM16A, and in primary cultures of rat vascular smooth muscle cells. TMinh-23 reduced vasoconstriction caused by the thromboxane mimetic U46619 in mesenteric resistance arteries of wild-type and spontaneously hypertensive rats, with a greater inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood pressure measurements by tail-cuff and telemetry showed up to a 45-mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure lasting for four-six hours in spontaneously hypertensive rats after a single dose of TMinh-23. A minimal effect on blood pressure was seen in wild-type rats or mice treated with TMinh-23. Five-day twice daily treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with TMinh-23 produced sustained reductions of 20-25 mmHg in daily mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. TMinh-23 action was reversible, with blood pressure returning to baseline in spontaneously hypertensive rats by three days after treatment discontinuation. Thus, our studies provide validation for TMEM16A as a target for antihypertensive therapy and demonstrate the efficacy of TMinh-23 as an antihypertensive with a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Cil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Henry R Askew Page
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Samuel N Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria C Jordan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pyone Myat Thwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marc O Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter M Haggie
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth P Roos
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Grigoriev VV. [Calcium-activated chloride channels: structure, properties, role in physiological and pathological processes]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:17-33. [PMID: 33645519 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216701017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-activated chloride channels (CaCC) are a class of intracellular calcium activated chloride channels that mediate numerous physiological functions. In 2008, the molecular structure of CaCC was determined. CaCC are formed by the protein known as anoctamine 1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A). CaCC mediates the secretion of Cl- in secretory epithelia, such as the airways, salivary glands, intestines, renal tubules, and sweat glands. The presence of CaCC has also been recognized in the vascular muscles, smooth muscles of the respiratory tract, which control vascular tone and hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract. TMEM16A is activated in many cancers; it is believed that TMEM16A is involved in carcinogenesis. TMEM16A is also involved in cancer cells proliferation. The role of TMEM16A in the mechanisms of hypertension, asthma, cystic fibrosis, nociception, and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract has been determined. In addition to TMEM16A, its isoforms are involved in other physiological and pathophysiological processes. TMEM16B (or ANO2) is involved in the sense of smell, while ANO6 works like scramblase, and its mutation causes a rare bleeding disorder, known as Scott syndrome. ANO5 is associated with muscle and bone diseases. TMEM16A interacts with various cellular signaling pathways including: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), calmodulin (CaM) kinases, transforming growth factor TGF-β. The review summarizes existing information on known natural and synthetic compounds that can block/modulate CaCC currents and their effect on some pathologies in which CaCC is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Chen W, Gu M, Gao C, Chen B, Yang J, Xie X, Wang X, Sun J, Wang J. The Prognostic Value and Mechanisms of TMEM16A in Human Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:542156. [PMID: 33681289 PMCID: PMC7930745 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.542156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a calcium ion-dependent chloride channel transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) locates on the cell membrane. Numerous research results have shown that TMEM16A is abnormally expressed in many cancers. Mechanically, TMEM16A participates in cancer proliferation and migration by affecting the MAPK and CAMK signaling pathways. Additionally, it is well documented that TMEM16A exerts a regulative impact on the hyperplasia of cancer cells by interacting with EGFR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an epithelial growth factor receptor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma respectively. Meanwhile, as an EGFR activator, TMEM16A is considered as an oncogene or a tumor-promoting factor. More and more experimental data showed that down-regulation of TMEM16A or gene targeted therapy may be an effective treatment for cancer. This review summarized its role in various cancers and research advances related to its clinical application included treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Chen
- Anhui Province Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaobing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bangjie Chen
- First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfa Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Anhui Medicine Centralized Procurement Service Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Anhui Province Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Rapalino O, Pourvaziri A, Maher M, Jaramillo-Cardoso A, Edlow BL, Conklin J, Huang S, Westover B, Romero JM, Halpern E, Gupta R, Pomerantz S, Schaefer P, Gonzalez RG, Mukerji SS, Lev MH. Clinical, Imaging, and Lab Correlates of Severe COVID-19 Leukoencephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:632-638. [PMID: 33414226 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can develop a spectrum of neurological disorders, including a leukoencephalopathy of variable severity. Our aim was to characterize imaging, lab, and clinical correlates of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leukoencephalopathy, which may provide insight into the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven consecutive patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 who had brain MR imaging following intensive care unit admission were included. Seven (7/27, 26%) developed an unusual pattern of "leukoencephalopathy with reduced diffusivity" on diffusion-weighted MR imaging. The remaining patients did not exhibit this pattern. Clinical and laboratory indices, as well as neuroimaging findings, were compared between groups. RESULTS The reduced-diffusivity group had a significantly higher body mass index (36 versus 28 kg/m2, P < .01). Patients with reduced diffusivity trended toward more frequent acute renal failure (7/7, 100% versus 9/20, 45%; P = .06) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate values (49 versus 85 mL/min; P = .06) at the time of MRI. Patients with reduced diffusivity also showed lesser mean values of the lowest hemoglobin levels (8.1 versus 10.2 g/dL, P < .05) and higher serum sodium levels (147 versus 139 mmol/L, P = .04) within 24 hours before MR imaging. The reduced-diffusivity group showed a striking and highly reproducible distribution of confluent, predominantly symmetric, supratentorial, and middle cerebellar peduncular white matter lesions (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight notable correlations between severe COVID-19 leukoencephalopathy with reduced diffusivity and obesity, acute renal failure, mild hypernatremia, anemia, and an unusual brain MR imaging white matter lesion distribution pattern. Together, these observations may shed light on possible SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with leukoencephalopathy, including borderzone ischemic changes, electrolyte transport disturbances, and silent hypoxia in the setting of the known cytokine storm syndrome that accompanies severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rapalino
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - A Pourvaziri
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - M Maher
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - A Jaramillo-Cardoso
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | | | - J Conklin
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - S Huang
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | | | - J M Romero
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - E Halpern
- Institute for Technology Assessment (E.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Gupta
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - S Pomerantz
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - P Schaefer
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | - R G Gonzalez
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
| | | | - M H Lev
- From the Department of Radiology (O.R., A.P., M.M., A.J.-C., J.C., S.H., J.M.R., R.G., S.P., P.S., R.G.G., M.H.L.)
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Dulin NO. Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel ANO1/TMEM16A: Regulation of Expression and Signaling. Front Physiol 2020; 11:590262. [PMID: 33250781 PMCID: PMC7674831 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin-1 (ANO1), also known as TMEM16A, is the most studied member of anoctamin family of calcium-activated chloride channels with diverse cellular functions. ANO1 controls multiple cell functions including cell proliferation, survival, migration, contraction, secretion, and neuronal excitation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms governing the regulation of ANO1 expression and of ANO1-mediated intracellular signaling. This includes the stimuli and mechanisms controlling ANO1 expression, agonists and processes that activate ANO1, and signal transduction mediated by ANO1. The major conclusion is that this field is poorly understood, remains highly controversial, and requires extensive and rigorous further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolai O Dulin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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10
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Ma G, Zhang J, Yang X, Guo P, Hou X, Fan Y, Liu Y, Zhang M. TMEM16A-encoded anoctamin 1 inhibition contributes to chrysin-induced coronary relaxation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110766. [PMID: 33152928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysin, a natural flavonoid available in honey, propolis and medicinal plants, has been shown to be vasorelaxant in some vascular beds. Proper intake of an alimental vasodilator as a food additive may be a promising strategy for prevention and treatment of coronary spasmodic disorders. PURPOSE TMEM16A-encoded anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a Ca2+ activated Cl- channel (CaCC), plays an important role in the modulation of vascular tone. We tested the possibility that inhibition of CaCCs contributes to chrysin-induced coronary arterial relaxation. METHODS The vascular tone of the rat coronary artery (RCA) was recorded with a wire myograph. CaCC currents were assessed using whole-cell patch clamp in arterial smooth muscle cell (ASMC) freshly isolated from RCAs. An inhibitor study was performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the vasomotor and electrophysiological effects of chrysin. RESULTS Pre-incubation with chrysin depressed the contractions elicited by thromboxane A2 analog U46619, vasopressin (VP), depolarization and extracellular Ca2+ elevation/depolarization without significant preference among these vasoconstrictors. Besides, chrysin inhibited both intracellular Ca2+ release-dependent and extracellular Ca2+ influx-dependent components of contractions induced by U46619 or VP. In RCAs pre-contracted with U46619, VP or KCl, chrysin elicited concentration-dependent relaxations, which were weakened by Cl- -deprivation. The electrophysiological study showed that chrysin reduced ANO1-antibody-sensitive CaCC currents and depressed CaCC increments induced by U46619. Inhibitor study showed that both the vasorelaxation and the CaCC current reduction induced by chrysin were attenuated by blocking CaCCs and inhibiting cAMP/PKA and NO/PKG pathways. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that inhibition of RCA ASMC CaCC currents, which may be consequential following intracellular Ca2+ availability reduction and activation of cAMP/PKA and NO/cGMP signaling pathways, contributes to chrysin-induced RCA relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China; Cardiovascular Divison, Department of Internal Medicine, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Pengmei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yanying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannanlu 56, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
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11
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Danielsson J, Kuforiji AS, Yocum GT, Zhang Y, Xu D, Gallos G, Emala CW. Agonism of the TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel modulates airway smooth muscle tone. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L287-L295. [PMID: 31747299 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00552.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TMEM16A (anoctamin 1) is an important calcium-activated chloride channel in airway smooth muscle (ASM). We have previously shown that TMEM16A antagonists such as benzbromarone relax ASM and have proposed TMEM16A antagonists as novel therapies for asthma treatment. However, TMEM16A is also expressed on airway epithelium, and TMEM16A agonists are being investigated as novel therapies for cystic fibrosis. There are theoretical concerns that agonism of TMEM16A on ASM could lead to bronchospasm, making them detrimental as airway therapeutics. The TMEM16A agonist Eact induced a significant contraction of human ASM and guinea pig tracheal rings in an ex vivo organ bath model. Pretreatment with two different TMEM16A antagonists, benzbromarone or T16Ainh-A01, completely attenuated these Eact-induced contractions. Pretreatment with Eact alone augmented the maximum acetylcholine contraction. Pretreatment of A/J mice in vivo with nebulized Eact caused an augmentation of methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance measured by the forced oscillatory technique (flexiVent). Pretreatment with the TMEM16A antagonist benzbromarone significantly attenuated methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance. In in vitro cellular studies, TMEM16A was found to be expressed more abundantly in ASM compared with epithelial cells in culture (8-fold higher in ASM). Eact caused an increase in intracellular calcium in human ASM cells that was completely attenuated by pretreatment with benzbromarone. Eact acutely depolarized the plasma membrane potential of ASM cells, which was attenuated by benzbromarone or nifedipine. The TMEM16A agonist Eact modulates ASM contraction in both ex vivo and in vivo models, suggesting that agonism of TMEM16A may lead to clinically relevant bronchospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha S Kuforiji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dingbang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - George Gallos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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12
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Apigenin relaxes rat intrarenal arteries, depresses Ca2+-activated Cl− currents and augments voltage-dependent K+ currents of the arterial smooth muscle cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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13
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Papp R, Nagaraj C, Zabini D, Nagy BM, Lengyel M, Skofic Maurer D, Sharma N, Egemnazarov B, Kovacs G, Kwapiszewska G, Marsh LM, Hrzenjak A, Höfler G, Didiasova M, Wygrecka M, Sievers LK, Szucs P, Enyedi P, Ghanim B, Klepetko W, Olschewski H, Olschewski A. Targeting TMEM16A to reverse vasoconstriction and remodelling in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.00965-2018. [PMID: 31023847 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00965-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our systematic analysis of anion channels and transporters in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) showed marked upregulation of the Cl- channel TMEM16A gene. We hypothesised that TMEM16A overexpression might represent a novel vicious circle in the molecular pathways causing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).We investigated healthy donor lungs (n=40) and recipient lungs with IPAH (n=38) for the expression of anion channel and transporter genes in small pulmonary arteries and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).In IPAH, TMEM16A was strongly upregulated and patch-clamp recordings confirmed an increased Cl- current in PASMCs (n=9-10). These cells were depolarised and could be repolarised by TMEM16A inhibitors or knock-down experiments (n=6-10). Inhibition/knock-down of TMEM16A reduced the proliferation of IPAH-PASMCs (n=6). Conversely, overexpression of TMEM16A in healthy donor PASMCs produced an IPAH-like phenotype. Chronic application of benzbromarone in two independent animal models significantly decreased right ventricular pressure and reversed remodelling of established pulmonary hypertension.Our findings suggest that increased TMEM16A expression and activity comprise an important pathologic mechanism underlying the vasoconstriction and remodelling of pulmonary arteries in PAH. Inhibition of TMEM16A represents a novel therapeutic approach to reverse remodelling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Papp
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Contributed equally
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Contributed equally
| | - Diana Zabini
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Dept of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bence M Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Miklós Lengyel
- Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Neha Sharma
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Leigh M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Höfler
- Dept of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miroslava Didiasova
- Dept of Biochemistry, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Dept of Biochemistry, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura K Sievers
- Medical Clinic D, University Clinic of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Szucs
- Dept of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Enyedi
- Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bahil Ghanim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dept of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Dept of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria .,Dept of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Askew Page HR, Dalsgaard T, Baldwin SN, Jepps TA, Povstyan O, Olesen SP, Greenwood IA. TMEM16A is implicated in the regulation of coronary flow and is altered in hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1635-1648. [PMID: 30710335 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coronary artery disease leads to ischaemic heart disease and ultimately myocardial infarction. Thus, it is important to determine the factors that regulate coronary blood flow. Ca2+ -activated chloride channels contribute to the regulation of arterial tone; however, their role in coronary arteries is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of the main molecular correlate of Ca2+ -activated chloride channels, TMEM16A, in rat coronary arteries. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed mRNA and protein analysis, electrophysiological studies of coronary artery myocytes, and functional studies of coronary artery contractility and coronary perfusion, using novel inhibitors of TMEM16A. Furthermore, we assessed whether any changes in expression and function occurred in coronary arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). KEY RESULTS TMEM16A was expressed in rat coronary arteries. The TMEM16A-specific inhibitor, MONNA, hyperpolarised the membrane potential in U46619. MONNA, T16Ainh -A01, and Ani9 attenuated 5-HT/U46619-induced contractions. MONNA and T16Ainh -A01 also increased coronary flow in Langendorff perfused rat heart preparations. TMEM16A mRNA was increased in coronary artery smooth muscle cells from SHRs, and U46619 and 5-HT were more potent in arteries from SHRs than in those from normal Wistar rats. MONNA diminished this increased sensitivity to U46619 and 5-HT. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, TMEM16A is a key regulator of coronary blood flow and is implicated in the altered contractility of coronary arteries from SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Askew Page
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Dalsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel N Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oleksandr Povstyan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Søren P Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Ji Q, Guo S, Wang X, Pang C, Zhan Y, Chen Y, An H. Recent advances in TMEM16A: Structure, function, and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7856-7873. [PMID: 30515811 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16A (also known as anoctamin 1, ANO1) is the molecular basis of the calcium-activated chloride channels, with ten transmembrane segments. Recently, atomic structures of the transmembrane domains of mouse TMEM16A (mTMEM16A) were determined by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. This gives us a solid ground to discuss the electrophysiological properties and functions of TMEM16A. TMEM16A is reported to be dually regulated by Ca2+ and voltage. In addition, the dysfunction of TMEM16A has been found to be involved in many diseases including cystic fibrosis, various cancers, hypertension, and gastrointestinal motility disorders. TMEM16A is overexpressed in many cancers, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), colon cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and esophageal cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of TMEM16A is related to the occurrence, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. To date, several studies have shown that many natural compounds and synthetic compounds have regulatory effects on TMEM16A. These small molecule compounds might be novel drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by TMEM16A dysfunction in the future. In addition, recent studies have shown that TMEM16A plays different roles in different diseases through different signal transduction pathways. This review discusses the topology, electrophysiological properties, modulators and functions of TMEM16A in mediates nociception, gastrointestinal dysfunction, hypertension, and cancer and focuses on multiple regulatory mechanisms regarding TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunli Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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16
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Zeng J, Chen B, Lv X, Sun L, Zeng X, Zheng H, Du Y, Wang G, Ma M, Guan Y. Transmembrane member 16A participates in hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by facilitating mitochondria-dependent pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3669-3684. [PMID: 29968377 PMCID: PMC6109215 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), an intrinsic constituent of the Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel, is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and hypertension-induced cerebrovascular remodelling. However, the functional significance of TMEM16A for apoptosis in basilar artery smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether and how TMEM16A contributes to apoptosis in BASMCs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell viability assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, immunogold labelling and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were performed. KEY RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) induced BASMC apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway, including by increasing the apoptosis rate, down-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and potentiating the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. These effects were all reversed by the silencing of TMEM16A and were further potentiated by the overexpression of TMEM16A. Endogenous TMEM16A was detected in the mitochondrial fraction. Co-IP revealed an interaction between TMEM16A and cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This interaction was up-regulated by H2 O2 but restricted by cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of cyclophilin D. TMEM16A increased mPTP opening, resulting in the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The results obtained with cultured BASMCs from TMEM16A smooth muscle-specific knock-in mice were consistent with those from rat BASMCs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that TMEM16A participates in H2 O2 -induced apoptosis via modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability in VSMCs. This study establishes TMEM16A as a target for therapy of several remodelling-related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anoctamin-1/physiology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F
- Cyclophilins/metabolism
- Cytochromes c/metabolism
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Wei Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bao‐Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xue‐Lin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of PharmacyThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Hua‐Qing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Hua Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guan‐Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming‐Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yong‐Yuan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Truong EC, Phuan PW, Reggi AL, Ferrera L, Galietta LJ, Levy SE, Moises AC, Cil O, Diez-Cecilia E, Lee S, Verkman AS, Anderson MO. Substituted 2-Acylaminocycloalkylthiophene-3-carboxylic Acid Arylamides as Inhibitors of the Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel Transmembrane Protein 16A (TMEM16A). J Med Chem 2017; 60:4626-4635. [PMID: 28493701 PMCID: PMC5516794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), also called anoctamin 1 (ANO1), is a calcium-activated chloride channel expressed widely mammalian cells, including epithelia, vascular smooth muscle tissue, electrically excitable cells, and some tumors. TMEM16A inhibitors have been proposed for treatment of disorders of epithelial fluid and mucus secretion, hypertension, asthma, and possibly cancer. Herein we report, by screening, the discovery of 2-acylaminocycloalkylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid arylamides (AACTs) as inhibitors of TMEM16A and analysis of 48 synthesized analogs (10ab-10bw) of the original AACT compound (10aa). Structure-activity studies indicated the importance of benzene substituted as 2- or 4-methyl, or 4-fluoro, and defined the significance of thiophene substituents and size of the cycloalkylthiophene core. The most potent compound (10bm), which contains an unusual bromodifluoroacetamide at the thiophene 2-position, had IC50 of ∼30 nM, ∼3.6-fold more potent than the most potent previously reported TMEM16A inhibitor 4 (Ani9), and >10-fold improved metabolic stability. Direct and reversible inhibition of TMEM16A by 10bm was demonstrated by patch-clamp analysis. AACTs may be useful as pharmacological tools to study TMEM16A function and as potential drug development candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Truong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA, 94132-4136 USA
| | - Puay W. Phuan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
| | - Amanda L. Reggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA, 94132-4136 USA
| | - Loretta Ferrera
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, ITALY
| | - Luis J.V. Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (NA), ITALY
| | - Sarah E. Levy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA, 94132-4136 USA
| | - Alannah C. Moises
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA, 94132-4136 USA
| | - Onur Cil
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
| | - Elena Diez-Cecilia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA, 94132-4136 USA
| | - Sujin Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
| | - Alan S. Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco CA, 94143-0521 USA
| | - Marc O. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA, 94132-4136 USA
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