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Chen HC, You RI, Lin FM, Lin GL, Ho TJ, Chen HP. Novel therapeutic activities of dragon blood from palm tree Daemonorops draco for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2024; 65:14. [PMID: 38842634 PMCID: PMC11156816 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-024-00422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy of Jinchuang Ointment, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in treating chronic non-healing diabetic wounds has been demonstrated over the past decades. Both in vitro and in vivo angiogenic activities have been reported for its herbal ingredients, including dragon blood from the palm tree Daemonorops draco and catechu from Uncaria gambir Roxb. Additionally, crude extracts of dragon blood have exhibited hypoglycemic effects not only in animal studies but also in cell-based in vitro assays. RESULTS Our findings indicate that crude dragon blood extract promotes the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. Partially purified fractions of dragon blood crude extract significantly enhance the expression of muscle cell differentiation-related genes such as myoG, myoD, and myoHC. Our results also demonstrate that crude extracts of dragon blood can inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-induced PAI-1 expression in primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby favoring changes in hemostasis towards fibrinolysis. Consistent with previous reports, reduced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) accelerates wound healing. However, further separation resulted in a significant loss of both activities, indicating the involvement of more than one compound in these processes. Stem cells play a crucial role in muscle injury repair. Neither dragon blood nor catechu alone stimulated the proliferation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, the proliferation of both types of stem cells was observed when crude extracts of dragon blood and catechu were present together in the stem cell growth medium. CONCLUSIONS Dragon blood from D. draco offers multifaceted therapeutic benefits for treating chronic nonhealing diabetic wounds from various perspectives. Most drugs in Western medicine consist of small molecules with defined ingredients. However, this is not the case in TCM, as the activities of dragon blood reported in this study. Surprisingly, the activities documented here align with descriptions in ancient Chinese medical texts dating back to A.D. 1625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Mei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ling Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan.
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970374, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, 970374, Taiwan.
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 970473, Taiwan.
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2
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Ho TJ, Tsai PH, Hsieh CH, Lin JH, Lin YW, Wu JR, Chen HP. Role of Herbal Extracts of Catechu from Uncaria gambir in the Treatment of Chronic Diabetic Wounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010066. [PMID: 36678562 PMCID: PMC9863412 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechu is a dried decoction from twigs with the leaves of Uncaria gambir. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities have been previously reported because of its high catechin and epicatechin content (>21%). It is also one of the components used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, “Jinchuang Ointment,” which has excellent efficacy in treating chronic diabetic wounds. An in vivo zebrafish embryo platform and an in vitro cell-based tube formation assay were used to measure the angiogenic activity of catechu extracts. Interestingly, for the first time, catechu extracts stimulated angiogenic activity on both platforms. The expression of the IL-8 gene was induced in HMEC1 cells after treatment with catechu extracts for 1 h only. In contrast, the upregulation of FGFR2, FGFR3, NF-κB, STAT3, and vimentin persisted for 24 h. A summary of the possible mechanisms underlying the angiogenic activity of catechu extracts in HMEC1 cells is shown. Unexpectedly, catechu extracts inhibited the migration of HaCaT cells. These results can account for the intense blood flow flux in porcine excisional wound sites in our previous studies, which provides insights into the therapeutic activity of catechu extract in chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ho Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 17409) (J.-R.W.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2433) (H.-P.C.)
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.W.); (H.-P.C.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 17409) (J.-R.W.); +886-3-8565301 (ext. 2433) (H.-P.C.)
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Deng P, Liang H, Wang S, Hao R, Han J, Sun X, Pan X, Li D, Wu Y, Huang Z, Xue J, Chen Z. Combined metabolomics and network pharmacology to elucidate the mechanisms of Dracorhodin Perchlorate in treating diabetic foot ulcer rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038656. [PMID: 36532755 PMCID: PMC9752146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe chronic complication of diabetes, that can result in disability or death. Dracorhodin Perchlorate (DP) is effective for treating DFU, but the potential mechanisms need to be investigated. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the acceleration of wound healing in DFU by the topical application of DP through the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Methods: A DFU rat model was established, and the rate of ulcer wound healing was assessed. Different metabolites were found in the skin tissues of each group, and MetaboAnalyst was performed to analyse metabolic pathways. The candidate targets of DP in the treatment of DFU were screened using network pharmacology. Cytoscape was applied to construct an integrated network of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Moreover, the obtained hub targets were validated using molecular docking. After the topical application of DP, blood glucose, the rate of wound healing and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. Results: The levels of IL-1, hs-CRP and TNF-α of the Adm group were significantly downregulated. A total of 114 metabolites were identified. These could be important to the therapeutic effects of DP in the treatment of DFU. Based on the network pharmacology, seven hub genes were found, which were partially consistent with the metabolomics results. We focused on four hub targets by further integrated analysis, namely, PAH, GSTM1, DHFR and CAT, and the crucial metabolites and pathways. Molecular docking results demonstrated that DP was well combined with the hub targets. Conclusion: Our research based on metabolomics and network pharmacology demonstrated that DP improves wound healing in DFU through multiple targets and pathways, and it can potentially be used for DFU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Deng
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shulong Wang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglu Han
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyue Pan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinwen Wu
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hormesis: wound healing and fibroblasts. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106449. [PMID: 36113746 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hormetic dose responses are reported here to occur commonly in the dermal wound healing process, with the particular focus on cell viability, proliferation, migration and collagen deposition of human and murine fibroblasts with in vitro studies. Hormetic responses were induced by a wide range of substances, including endogenous agents, pharmaceutical preparations, plant-derived extracts including many well-known dietary supplements, as well as physical stressor agents such as low-level laser treatments. Detailed mechanistic studies have identified common signaling pathways and their cross-pathway communications that mediate the hormetic dose responses. These findings complement and extend a similar comprehensive assessment concerning the occurrence of hormetic dose responses in keratinocytes. These findings demonstrate the generality of the hormetic dose response for key wound healing endpoints, suggesting that the hormesis concept has a fundamental role in wound healing, with respect to guiding strategies for experimental evaluation as well as therapeutic applications.
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5
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Ning S, Zang J, Zhang B, Feng X, Qiu F. Botanical Drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine With Wound Healing Properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885484. [PMID: 35645789 PMCID: PMC9133888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and unhealed wound is a serious public problem, which brings severe economic burdens and psychological pressure to patients. Various botanical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine have been used for the treatment of wounds since ancient time. Nowadays, multiple wound healing therapeutics derived from botanical drugs are commercially available worldwide. An increasing number of investigations have been conducted to elucidate the wound healing activities and the potential mechanisms of botanical drugs in recent years. The aim of this review is to summarize the botanical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine with wound healing properties and the underlying mechanisms of them, which can contribute to the research of wound healing and drug development. Taken together, five botanical drugs that have been developed into commercially available products, and 24 botanical drugs with excellent wound healing activities and several multiherbal preparations are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Qiu
- *Correspondence: Feng Qiu, ; Xinchi Feng,
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6
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Lu CC, Yang JS, Chiu YJ, Tsai FJ, Hsu YM, Yin MC, Juan YN, Ho TJ, Chen HP. Dracorhodin perchlorate enhances wound healing via β-catenin, ERK/p38, and AKT signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:822. [PMID: 34131445 PMCID: PMC8193218 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin can be isolated from the exudates of the fruit of Daemonorops draco. Previous studies suggested that dracorhodin perchlorate can promote fibroblast proliferation and enhance angiogenesis during wound healing. In the present study, the potential bioactivity of dracorhodin perchlorate in human HaCaT keratinocytes, were investigated in vitro, with specific focus on HaCaT wound healing. The results of in vitro scratch assay demonstrated the progressive closure of the wound after treatment with dracorhodin perchlorate in a time-dependent manner. An MTT assay and propidium iodide exclusion detected using flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability of HaCaT cells. Potential signaling pathways underlying the effects mediated by dracorhodin perchlorate in HaCaT cells were clarified by western blot analysis and kinase activity assays. Dracorhodin perchlorate significantly increased the protein expression levels of β-catenin and activation of AKT, ERK and p38 in HaCaT cells. In addition, dracorhodin perchlorate did not induce HaCaT cell proliferation but promoted cell migration. Other mechanisms may yet be involved in the dracorhodin perchlorate-induced wound healing process of human keratinocytes. In summary, dracorhodin perchlorate may serve to be a potential molecularly-targeted phytochemical that can improve skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yulin 65152, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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7
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Ho TJ, Chen JK, Li TS, Lin JH, Hsu YH, Wu JR, Tsai WT, Chen HP. The curative effects of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine "Jinchuang ointment" on excisional wounds. Chin Med 2020; 15:41. [PMID: 32377230 PMCID: PMC7195791 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Jinchuang ointment" is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for external incised wounds. This herbal medicine has been successfully used to treat patients with diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores in Taiwan for several decades. We previously examined its biological activities on cell-based in vitro assay platforms. Because some patients refused to use animal-derived ingredients ointment during our clinical practice, the efficacy of plant oil-based reconstituted "Jinchuang ointment" was also investigated. METHODS A porcine excisional wound model was established and used to evaluate its efficacy in vivo in this study. Besides, an unusual clinical case is also present. RESULTS As judged from the wound appearance of animal studies on day 14 and the results of blood flow flux at the wound sites on day 28, "Jinchuang ointment" accelerated wound closure significantly better than the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results from clinical treatment, histopathological evaluation, and the animal study showed that "Jinchung ointment" promotes wound healing significantly better than the control group. Also, sesame oil-reconstituted ointment can be a choice for patients who refuse to use lard-containing ointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Kuei Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Tzong Shiun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, 50008 Taiwan
- Innovation Research Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, 50008 Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsing Lin
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004 Taiwan
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Ma C, Wei Z, Chen K, Wang C, Zhou C, Chen L, Zhang Q, Chen Z, He W, Xu J. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits osteoclastogenesis through repressing RANKL-stimulated NFATc1 activity. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3303-3313. [PMID: 31965715 PMCID: PMC7131942 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic skeletal disorders are caused by an imbalance in the osteoclast and osteoblast function. Suppressing the differentiation and resorptive function of osteoclast is a key strategy for treating osteolytic diseases. Dracorhodin perchlorate (D.P), an active component from dragon blood resin, has been used for facilitating wound healing and anti‐cancer treatments. In this study, we determined the effect of D.P on osteoclast differentiation and function. We have found that D.P inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation and resorbed pits of hydroxyapatite‐coated plate in a dose‐dependent manner. D.P also disrupted the formation of intact actin‐rich podosome structures in mature osteoclasts and inhibited osteoclast‐specific gene and protein expressions. Further, D.P was able to suppress RANKL‐activated JNK, NF‐κB and Ca2+ signalling pathways and reduces the expression level of NFATc1 as well as the nucleus translocation of NFATc1. Overall, these results indicated a potential therapeutic effect of D.P on osteoclast‐related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenquan Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiu Chen
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Jinshazhou Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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9
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Dracohodin Perochlorate Stimulates Fibroblast Proliferation via EGFR Activation and Downstream ERK/CREB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6027186. [PMID: 31534465 PMCID: PMC6732626 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6027186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of natural plant extracts have been determined to be potential drugs for various illnesses. In this study, we investigated the effects of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) on fibroblast proliferation, which is crucial for wound healing. Cell proliferation assays were performed by different concentrations of DP, and the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 kits. After DP treatment for 24 h, the cell cycle was checked by flow cytometer. EGFR and downstream signaling pathways ERK1/2 and PI3K were examined with DP treatment by western blot. We further determined the effects of the related inhibitors on DP-induced relative protein phosphorylation and cell proliferation. The results showed that 3 μg/mL of DP promoted cell proliferation most significantly at treatment lengths of 24 h, and the percentage of cells in the S + G2 phase increased compared to those of the control group. In western blot detection, we found that DP significantly upregulated EGFR phosphorylation and activated the downstream ERK/CREB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the results also showed that AG1478 abolished DP-induced relative protein activation and cell proliferation. When U0126 or LY294002 pretreated cells alone, DP-induced p-ERK or p-PI3K downstream proteins and cell proliferation were suppressed compared to those of the control group, but EGFR was not affected. In addition, ICG001 and BEZ235 collectively eliminated DP-induced fibroblast proliferation. Our findings suggest that DP-promoted fibroblast proliferation is stimulated by p-EGFR-induced activation of the ERK1/2-CREB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Our present study explored the mechanism of DP-promoted fibroblast proliferation and provided a new basis for wound healing.
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10
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Lu Z, Lu C, Li C, Jiao Y, Li Y, Zhang G. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 and AKT/FOXO3a pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2091-2100. [PMID: 31322237 PMCID: PMC6691268 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP), a synthetic analogue of the anthocyanin red pigment dracorhodin, has been shown to exert various pharmacological effects, including anticancer activity. However, its effects on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells have not been previously investigated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer activity remain unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that DP significantly reduced the viability of ESCC cells compared with that noted in normal human liver LO2 cells. Treatment with DP induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest through upregulation of p21 and p27, and downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdc2. Furthermore, DP treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, which could be reversed by exposure to Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor. Western blotting demonstrated that DP induced apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways by upregulating death receptor 4 (DR4), DR5, cleaved caspase-3/-7/-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and by decreasing total PARP, total caspase-3/7, Bcl-2 and caspase-9/-10. Moreover, DP treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), AKT, and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) in ESCC cells, indicating that the activity of the JAK2/STAT3 and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways was inhibited. Therefore, DP is a promising therapeutic agent for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710082, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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11
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Krishnaraj P, Chang Y, Ho TJ, Lu NC, Lin MD, Chen HP. In vivo pro-angiogenic effects of dracorhodin perchlorate in zebrafish embryos: A novel bioactivity evaluation platform for commercial dragon blood samples. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 27:259-265. [PMID: 30648579 PMCID: PMC9298644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dragon blood has been used in wound treatment for many years and can be obtained from several distinct plant species. Dracorhodin, the active substituent of dragon blood, is a characteristic compound of the palm tree, Daemonorops draco. At present, the only method to evaluate the quality of commercial dragon blood samples is a HPLC method which determines the amount of dracorhodin in a dragon blood sample. In this study, we used zebrafish embryos as a platform to demonstrate the in vivo pro-angiogenic activity of dracorhodin perchlorate, the chemically synthesized analog of dracorhodin. By using this platform, three different commercial dragon blood samples were also examined. Our results clearly show that even though the commercial dragon blood samples had similar amounts of dracorhodin, they showed highly variable biological activity, such as pro-angiogenic effects and toxicity. In short, an in vivo activity assay platform for rapidly examining the biological activity of commercial dragon blood samples was successfully established here, which complements the current HPLC-based assay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Krishnaraj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004,
Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004,
Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40421,
Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yulin, 65152,
Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 70965,
Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chen Lu
- Division of Chinese Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 70965,
Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 70965,
Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004,
Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004,
Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, 97004,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author: Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. Fax: +886 3 8578386. E-mail addresses: (M.-D. Lin), (H.-P. Chen)
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author: Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien, 970, Taiwan. Fax: +886 3 8580641
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12
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Jiang X, Liu L, Qiao L, Zhang B, Wang X, Han Y, Yu W. Dracorhodin perchlorate regulates fibroblast proliferation to promote rat's wound healing. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:66-72. [PMID: 29428295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant-derived extracts are increasing interest from researchers worldwide due to good efficacy and lower side effects. Among the different plant extracts, Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) is originated from Dragon's blood which has long been used as a natural medicine with various pharmacological activities. In the present study, we have explored the potential regulation of DP on fibroblast proliferation which promotes wound healing both in vitro and in vivo. DP at treatment of 12-24 h significantly induced fibroblast proliferation which is associated with increasing level of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, if ERK is halted with siRNA, DP cannot induce fibroblast proliferation. In vivo, DP ointment treatment at low- (2.5 μg/mL), medium- (5 μg/mL) and high-(10 μg/mL) doses, rat wounds healed more rapidly compared with the control group. After DP treatment for 7 days, Serpin family H member 1 (SERPINH1) staining confirmed enhanced fibroblast proliferation in the wound tissue. Finally, phosphorylated-ERK in the wound tissue remarkably increased with DP ointment treatment. Therefore, DP may be developed into a potential lead compounds for the treatment of wounds in clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lu Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Binqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuwen Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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