1
|
Wang J, Jia Z, Pan W, Hu J. Crotonis Fructus-induced gut microbiota and serum metabolic disorders in rats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6949-6962. [PMID: 37713114 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Crotonis Fructus (CF), a poisonous traditional laxative, has been used to treat constipation, edema, ascites, and inflammation for more than 2000 years. However, CF possesses toxicity and its toxic mechanism is still unclear. Thus, this research explored the deleterious impacts and underlying mechanisms of CF by evaluating alterations in gut microbiota composition and metabolites. High-throughput sequencing was employed on the 16S rDNA gene to explore the intestinal flora. The untargeted metabolomics method was utilized for evaluating serum metabolomics analysis. The results showed that CF could induce obvious hepatic and gastrointestinal damage by histopathologic morphology of the liver, stomach, duodenum, and colon. According to 16S rDNA sequencing, CF can cause gut microbiota disturbance in rats, and the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridia_UCG_014_unclassified increased significantly, while the levels of beneficial bacterial Lactobacillus remarkably declined after CF treatment. Additionally, metabolomics analysis demonstrated that CF may induce toxicity by disrupting the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and metabolites such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Moreover, a correlation study revealed the link between intestinal flora, serum metabolites, and toxicity-related biochemical markers. The results provide a new idea for the research and clinical application of toxic traditional medicine. KEY POINTS: • Crotonis Fructus could affect the gut flora and serum metabolic disruption in SD rats. • Crotonis Fructus could promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria and inhibit beneficial bacteria. • Glycerophospholipid metabolism was disturbed by Crotonis Fructus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zefei Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jamadagni P, Ranade A, Bharsakale S, Chougule S, Jamadagni S, Pawar S, Prasad GP, Gaidhani S, Gurav A. Impact of Shodhana an Ayurvedic purification process on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of Croton tiglium Linn. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100710. [PMID: 37230917 PMCID: PMC10307826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Croton tiglium Linn. (CT) which is commonly called Jaypal is used in Ayurvedic preparations like Ichhabhedi Ras, Asvakancuki Rasa. Due to its toxic contents, seeds of Croton tiglium are purified before use, by the process mentioned in classical Ayurvedic texts called Shodhana meaning purification. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to study the impact of Ayurvedic Purification process on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Croton tiglium Linn. MATERIALS AND METHODS Croton tiglium Linn. Seeds were processed for Shodhana by soaking in water, heating with milk (Snehan) and later grinding in Lemon Juice (Bhavana). Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared before and after purification i.e. Shodhana. Cytotoxicity of the Croton tiglium was studied against Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line by MTT assay. Ames test was performed to study the mutagenicity of the extracts in Salmonella typhi TA 98, 100 and 102 strains. Phytoconstituents were studied by using LCMS analysis. RESULTS The results indicated decrease in cytotoxic concentration (IC50) of Croton tiglium seeds after purificationa from 3.03 mg/mL to 0.99 mg/mL in aqueous extract and 18.56 mg/mL to 5.45 mg/mL. Genotoxicity study by Ames test indicated Croton tiglium Linn. Croton tiglium Linn. Seeds are non-genotoxic in strains like S. typhi, TA 98, 100 and 102. There was change in Phytochemical profile before and after shodhana. CONCLUSION Although both the concentrations are practically non-toxic, the decrease in cytotoxic concentration indicates Purification process as described in classical ayurvedic texts i.e. Shodhana has definitely increased the potency of the seeds of Croton tiglium Linn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Jamadagni
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India.
| | - Anagha Ranade
- Headquarters, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Under Min. of AYUSH, 61-65 Institutional Area, Janakpuri, Opp. D Block, New Delhi-110058, India
| | - Shraddha Bharsakale
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
| | - Shridhar Chougule
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
| | - Shrirang Jamadagni
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
| | - Sharad Pawar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
| | - Goli Penchala Prasad
- National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage (CCRAS), Survey No.314, Revenue Board Colony, Gaddiannaram, Hyderabad-500036, India
| | - Sudesh Gaidhani
- Headquarters, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Under Min. of AYUSH, 61-65 Institutional Area, Janakpuri, Opp. D Block, New Delhi-110058, India
| | - Arun Gurav
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Min. of AYUSH, Nehru Garden, Gandhi Bhavan Road, Kothrud, Pune-411038, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen W, Luo H, Zhong Z, Wei J, Wang Y. The safety of Chinese medicine: A systematic review of endogenous substances and exogenous residues. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154534. [PMID: 36371955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety and toxicity have become major challenges in the internationalization of Chinese medicine. Inspite of its wide application, security problems of Chinese medicine still occur from time to time, raising widespread concerns about its safety. Most of the studies either only partially discussed the intrinsic toxicities or extrinsic harmful residues in Chinese medicine, or briefly described detoxification and attenuation methods. It is necessary to systematically discuss Chinese medicine's extrinsic and intrinsic toxic components and corresponding toxicity detoxification or detection methods as a whole. PURPOSE This review comprehensively summarizes various toxic components in Chinese medicine from intrinsic and extrinsic. Then the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity are highlighted. It is expected to provide a reference for safeguards for developing and using Chinese medicine. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,Wan-fang database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Keywords used were safety, toxicity, intrinsic toxicities, extrinsic harmful residues, alkaloids, terpene and macrolides, saponins, toxic proteins, toxic crystals, minerals, heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, sulfur dioxide, detoxification, detection, processing (Paozhi), compatibility (Peiwu), Chinese medicine, etc., and combinations of these keywords. All selected articles were from 2006 to 2022, and each was assessed critically for our exclusion criteria. Studies describe the classification of toxic components of Chinese medicine, the toxic effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine, and the corresponding methods for detoxification or detection of toxicity. RESULTS The toxic components of Chinese medicines can be classified as intrinsic toxicities and extrinsic harmful residues. Firstly, we summarized the intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine, the adverse effects and toxicity mechanisms caused by these components. Next, we focused on the detoxification or attenuation methods for intrinsic toxicities of Chinese medicine. The other main part discussed the latest progress in analytical strategies for exogenous hazardous substances, including heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins. Beyond reviewing mainstream instrumental methods, we also introduced the emerging biochip, biosensor and immuno-based techniques. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an overall assessment of the recent progress in endogenous toxins and exogenous hazardous substances concerning Chinese medicine, which is expected to render deeper insights into the safety of Chinese medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Chen
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rao J, Peng T, Li N, Wang Y, Yan C, Wang K, Qiu F. Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines - a challenge for clinical application. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:757-778. [PMID: 36815678 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2168178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have long been considered safe and effective without serious toxic and side effects. With the continuous use of HMs, more and more attention has been paid to adverse reactions and toxic events, especially the nephrotoxicity caused by natural compounds in HMs. The composition of HMs is complex and various, especially the mechanism of toxic components has been a difficult and hot topic. This review comprehensively summarizes the kidney toxicity characterization and mechanism of nephrotoxic natural compounds (organic acids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, cytotoxic proteins, and minerals) from different sources. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of HMs-induced kidney injury were provided. In vitro and in vivo models for evaluating nephrotoxicity and the latest biomarkers are also included in this investigation. More broadly, this review may provide theoretical basis for safety evaluation and further comprehensive development and utilization of HMs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ting Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Caiqin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng J, Wu Z, He Y, Lin L, Tan W, Yang J. Interaction Between Intrinsic Renal Cells and Immune Cells in the Progression of Acute Kidney Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:954574. [PMID: 35872775 PMCID: PMC9300888 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.954574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have confirmed that immune cells play various key roles in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) development. After the resident immune cells and intrinsic renal cells are damaged by ischemia and hypoxia, drugs and toxins, more immune cells will be recruited to infiltrate through the release of chemokines, while the intrinsic cells promote macrophage polarity conversion, and the immune cells will promote various programmed deaths, phenotypic conversion and cycle arrest of the intrinsic cells, ultimately leading to renal impairment and fibrosis. In the complex and dynamic immune microenvironment of AKI, the bidirectional interaction between immune cells and intrinsic renal cells affects the prognosis of the kidney and the progression of fibrosis, and determines the ultimate fate of the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Deng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifen Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun He
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jurong Yang ;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang T, Liu Z, Sun X, Liu Z, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Peng W, Wu C. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological effects of Croton tiglium Linn.: a comprehensive review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1061-1084. [PMID: 35723937 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Croton tiglium Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) is an ancient medicinal plant that has been used for a long time, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. And it is widely used for defecation, induced labour, treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, headache, as well as rheumatoid arthritis. KEY FINDINGS Approximately 150 compounds have been isolated and identified from the seeds, stems, leaves and branches of C. tiglium, including fatty acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, the plants proteins and other types of components. Based on a wide range of biological properties, C. tiglium has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, anti-HIV, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. SUMMARY The review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive evaluation of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of C. tiglium, with a vision for promoting further pharmaceutical research to explore its complete potential for better clinical application. The tigliane diterpenoids have been the most studied compounds isolated from C. tiglium, which showing a variety of biological activities, but there is insufficient evidence to explain the mechanism of action. In addition, C. tiglium may have potential toxic effects, and it is necessary to reduce the toxic effects to ensure the safety of clinical medication, which may promote the discovery and development of new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zibo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lilin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu Y, Meng CW, Su HG, Xiong L, Shu HZ, Liu J, Lin Q, Peng C, Cao XY, Dai O. A pair of new lignan enantiomers from Croton tiglium. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Evaluation on Antidiabetic Properties of Medicinal Plants from Myanmar. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:1424675. [PMID: 34504407 PMCID: PMC8423552 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1424675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the effective and safe medicines for treating diabetes. Methods Hydroalcoholic extracts of 130 medicinal plants belonging to 66 families were evaluated using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) inhibition and glucose uptake methods together with a literature review. Results The extracts of 22 species showed the PPL inhibition activity; 18 extracts of 15 species stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Among them, Mansonia gagei J.R. Drumm., Mesua ferrea L., and Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. exhibited both activities. The extracts of Caladium lindenii (André) Madison rhizomes and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaves presented the utmost lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 6.86 ± 0.25 and 11.46 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. The extracts of Coptis teeta Wall. rhizomes and Croton tiglium L. seeds stimulated the maximum glucose uptake. Ten species are reported to have antidiabetic activity for the first time. Flavonoids and triterpenoids are the dominant antidiabetic compounds in selected medicinal plants from Myanmar. Conclusions P. zeylanica, L. cubeba, H. crenulate, M. gagei, C. teeta, and M. ferrea are worthy to advance further study according to their strong antidiabetic activities and limited research on effects in in vivo animal studies, unclear chemical constitutes, and safety.
Collapse
|
9
|
de Siqueira Patriota LL, do Nascimento Santos DKD, da Silva Barros BR, de Souza Aguiar LM, Silva YA, Dos Santos ACLA, Gama E Silva M, Barroso Coelho LCB, Paiva PMG, Pontual EV, de Melo CML, Mendes RL, Napoleáo TH. Evaluation of the In Vivo Acute Toxicity and In Vitro Hemolytic and Immunomodulatory Activities of the Moringa oleifera Flower Trypsin Inhibitor (MoFTI). Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:665-674. [PMID: 33191881 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999201113105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease inhibitors have been isolated from plants and present several biological activities, including immunomodulatory action. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to evaluate a Moringa oleifera flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) for acute toxicity in mice, hemolytic activity on mice erythrocytes and immunomodulatory effects on mice splenocytes. METHODS The acute toxicity was evaluated using Swiss female mice that received a single dose of the vehicle control or MoFTI (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Behavioral alterations were observed 15-240 min after administration, and survival, weight gain, and water and food consumption were analyzed daily. Organ weights and hematological parameters were analyzed after 14 days. Hemolytic activity of MoFTI was tested using Swiss female mice erythrocytes. Splenocytes obtained from BALB/c mice were cultured in the absence or presence of MoFTI for the evaluation of cell viability and proliferation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also determined. Furthermore, the culture supernatants were analyzed for the presence of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). RESULTS MoFTI did not cause death or any adverse effects on the mice except for abdominal contortions at 15-30 min after administration. MoFTI did not exhibit a significant hemolytic effect. In addition, MoFTI did not induce apoptosis or necrosis in splenocytes and had no effect on cell proliferation. Increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS release, as well as Δψm reduction, were observed in MoFTI-treated cells. MoFTI was observed to induce TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and NO release. CONCLUSION These results contribute to the ongoing evaluation of the antitumor potential of MoFTI and its effects on other immunological targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yasmym Araújo Silva
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Gama E Silva
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Viana Pontual
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Rosemairy Luciane Mendes
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleáo
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heinrich M, Mah J, Amirkia V. Alkaloids Used as Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity-An Update and Forward Look. Molecules 2021; 26:1836. [PMID: 33805869 PMCID: PMC8036335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting candidates for drug developments using computational design and empirical rules has resulted in a broad discussion about their success. In a previous study, we had shown that a species' abundance [as expressed by the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)] dataset is a core determinant for the development of a natural product into a medicine. Our overarching aim is to understand the unique requirements for natural product-based drug development. Web of Science was queried for research on alkaloids in combination with plant systematics/taxonomy. All alkaloids containing species demonstrated an average increase of 8.66 in GBIF occurrences between 2014 and 2020. Medicinal Species with alkaloids show higher abundance compared to non-medicinal alkaloids, often linked also to cultivation. Alkaloids with high biodiversity are often simple alkaloids found in multiple species with the presence of 'driver species' and are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development compared to 'rare' alkaloids. Similarly, the success of an alkaloid containing species as a food supplement ('botanical') is linked to its abundance. GBIF is a useful tool for assessing the druggability of a compound from a certain source species. The success of any development programme from natural sources must take sustainable sourcing into account right from the start.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey Mah
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Vafa Amirkia
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He F, Qin X, Xu N, Li P, Wu X, Duan L, Du Y, Fang R, Hardwidge PR, Li N, Peng Y. Pasteurella multocida Pm0442 Affects Virulence Gene Expression and Targets TLR2 to Induce Inflammatory Responses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1972. [PMID: 32922380 PMCID: PMC7456837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an important pathogenic bacterium of domestic animals. However, the mechanisms of infection are still poorly understood. Here, we found that Pm0442 was dramatically up-regulated in infected mice among 67 predicted lipoproteins of P. multocida serotype A CQ2 strain (PmCQ2). To explore the role of Pm0442 in virulence and the potential of the mutant as a vaccine, Pm0442 mutant of PmCQ2 was successfully constructed. Then, the virulence characteristics, immune/inflammatory responses, and the survival rates of challenged mice were determined. As a result, it was found that the Pm0442 deletion of PmCQ2 significantly decreased bacterial loads and inflammatory responses of lung tissue in mice, resulting in improved survival. Mechanically, Pm0442 affects PmCQ2 capsular and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis and iron utilization-related genes expression affecting adhesion and phagocytosis. Furthermore, PM0442 bound directly to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to mediate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40) in macrophages via activation of the NF-κB, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. Notably, PmCQ2Δ0442 could provide 70-80% protection to mice challenged with 3.08 × 107 CFU of PmCQ2. Our findings demonstrate that Pm0442 is a virulence-related gene of PmCQ2, which provides new guidance for the prevention and control of Pasteurellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijie Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyang Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rendong Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Philip R. Hardwidge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gupta DP, Park SH, Yang HJ, Suk K, Song GJ. Neuroprotective and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton Tiglium Linn. Extract. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040261. [PMID: 32316571 PMCID: PMC7232518 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in various neurological diseases. Activated microglia secrete many pro-inflammatory factors and induce neuronal cell death. Thus, the inhibition of excessive proinflammatory activity of microglia leads to a therapeutic effect that alleviates the progression of neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of Croton tiglium (C. tiglium) Linn. extract (CTE) on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in microglia and astrocytes via RT-PCR, Western blot, and nitric oxide assay. Neurotoxicity was measured by cell viability assay and GFP image analysis. Phagocytosis of microglia was measured using fluorescent zymosan particles. CTE significantly inhibited the production of neurotoxic inflammatory factors, including nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, CTE increased the production of the neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the M2 phenotype of microglia. The culture medium retained after CTE treatment increased the survival of neurons, thereby indicating the neuroprotective effect of CTE. Our findings indicated that CTE inhibited pro-inflammatory response and increased the neuroprotective ability of microglia. In conclusion, although CTE is known to be a poisonous plant and listed on the FDA poisonous plant database, it can be used as a medicine if the amount is properly controlled. Our results suggested the potential benefits of CTE as a therapeutic agent for different neurodegenerative disorders involving neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Prasad Gupta
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, University of Brain Education, Cheonan 31228, Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25601, Korea
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-280-6532
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao Y, Xin Y, Chu H. MC4R Is Involved in Neuropathic Pain by Regulating JNK Signaling Pathway After Chronic Constriction Injury. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:919. [PMID: 31551683 PMCID: PMC6746920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain can develop after nerve injury, when deleterious changes occur in injured neurons and glia cells. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is involved in the regulation of pain due to its high expressions in brain. Moreover, MC4R could mediate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, but whether the MC4R-regulated JNK signaling pathway participated in neuropathic pain after chronic constriction injury (CCI) is still unclear. Methods A total of 128 Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four experiment groups: the SHAM group, CCI + NaCl group, CCI + HS group, and CCI + SP + HS group. For the CCI + NaCl group, the sciatic nerves were ligated. For the SHAM group, an identical manner to the CCI without ligation was performed. For CCI + HS and CCI + SP + HS groups, rats were injected with MC4R inhibitor (HS014) and HS014 plus JNK inhibitor (SP600125), respectively, from days 3 to 14 after CCI. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were used to assess the nociceptive behavior. ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines. qRT-PCR and Western blots (WB) were utilized to examine the mRNA and protein expressions of JNK signaling pathway-related genes. Meanwhile, the expression levels of MC4R and p-JNK were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) experiments. Finally, in order to confirm the in vivo results, astrocytes were isolated and transfected with MC4R-overexpression plasmid. Furthermore, the protein expressions of JNK signaling pathway-related genes were tested by WB. Results It was showed that the values of PWL and PWT were significantly increased in CCI + HS group and CCI + SP + HS group compared with CCI + NaCl group. The increased interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in CCI + NaCl group was lowered by HS and SP + HS. MC4R, p-JNK, ATF3, and c-Jun levels were up-regulated with CCI surgery, but down-regulated with HS and SP + HS treatments. Moreover, the IHC and IF results further revealed that MC4R and p-JNK expressions in CCI + NaCl group were remarkably higher than those in HS group and HS + SP group. In vitro data also indicated that HS, SP, and SP + HS could down-regulate the expressions of MC4R, p-JNK, ATF3, and c-Jun in M1830 astrocytes. Conclusion Our findings indicated that MC4R is involved in neuropathic pain by regulating JNK signaling pathway after CCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Haichen Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen G, Huang L, Wu X, Liu X, Xu Q, Li F, Dai M, Zhang B. Adiponectin inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2075-2082. [PMID: 30107914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) has been shown to play a key role in regulating bone mineral density (BMD). Nevertheless, the effects of APN on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and mechanism of regulation are not entirely clear. The study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effect of APN on osteoclastogenesis. Our results showed that APN inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption function in vitro by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 signaling pathways, which is essential for osteoclast formation. Moreover, APN blocked the formation of F-actin rings and attenuated osteoclast-mediated bone resorptive function. Therefore, we concluded that APN may provide a potential treatment for osteoclast-related diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| | - Leitao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China; Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|