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Reyes Alcaraz V, Pattappa G, Miura S, Angele P, Blunk T, Rudert M, Hiraki Y, Shukunami C, Docheva D. A Narrative Review of the Roles of Chondromodulin-I (Cnmd) in Adult Cartilage Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5839. [PMID: 38892027 PMCID: PMC11173128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is crucial for joint function but its avascularity limits intrinsic repair, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis (OA). Chondromodulin-I (Cnmd) has emerged as a key molecule in cartilage biology, with potential implications for OA therapy. Cnmd is primarily expressed in cartilage and plays an important role in chondrocyte proliferation, cartilage homeostasis, and the blocking of angiogenesis. In vivo and in vitro studies on Cnmd, also suggest an involvement in bone repair and in delaying OA progression. Its downregulation correlates with OA severity, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed to fully understand the mode of action of Cnmd and its beneficial implications for managing OA. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the molecular characteristics of Cnmd, from its expression pattern, role in cartilage maintenance, callus formation during bone repair and association with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Reyes Alcaraz
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (V.R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Girish Pattappa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (V.R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Shigenori Miura
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Peter Angele
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Yuji Hiraki
- Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (V.R.A.); (G.P.)
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Zhao Z, Sun X, Tu P, Ma Y, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang L, Chen X, Si L, Li G, Pan Y. Mechanisms of vascular invasion after cartilage injury and potential engineering cartilage treatment strategies. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23559. [PMID: 38502020 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302391rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury is one of the most common diseases in orthopedic clinics. Following an articular cartilage injury, an inability to resist vascular invasion can result in cartilage calcification by newly formed blood vessels. This process ultimately leads to the loss of joint function, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. As a result, developing anti-angiogenic methods to repair damaged cartilage has become a popular research topic. Despite this, tissue engineering, as an anti-angiogenic strategy in cartilage injury repair, has not yet been adequately investigated. This exhaustive literature review mainly focused on the process and mechanism of vascular invasion in articular cartilage injury repair and summarized the major regulatory factors and signaling pathways affecting angiogenesis in the process of cartilage injury. We aimed to discuss several potential methods for engineering cartilage repair with anti-angiogenic strategies. Three anti-angiogenic tissue engineering methods were identified, including administering angiogenesis inhibitors, applying scaffolds to manage angiogenesis, and utilizing in vitro bioreactors to enhance the therapeutic properties of cultured chondrocytes. The advantages and disadvantages of each strategy were also analyzed. By exploring these anti-angiogenic tissue engineering methods, we hope to provide guidance for researchers in related fields for future research and development in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Sun
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Mengmin Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lining Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Si
- Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guangguang Li
- Orthopedics and traumatology department, Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yixing, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Pan
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration and Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Tang W, Zhang H, Liu D, Jiao F. Icariin accelerates cartilage defect repair by promoting chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:202-215. [PMID: 34859578 PMCID: PMC8742234 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the role played by combined ICA and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in repairing rabbit knee cartilage defects. Firstly, rabbit BMSCs were isolated and used to construct an in vitro cellular model of oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Subsequently, ICA processing, Alcian blue staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot studies were performed to evaluate the ability of BMSCs to display signs of chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, a rabbit knee cartilage injury model was established in vivo. International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic evaluations, H&E, Alcian blue and EdU staining, as well as immunohistochemistry, were analysed cartilage repair and pathological condition of the knee cartilage tissue. Our in vitro results showed that ICA promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as aggrecan (AGR), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and COL2A1 protein expression in BMSCs. In vivo experiments showed that rabbits in the BMSCs or ICA treatment group had higher ICRS scores and displayed a better restoration of cartilage‐like tissue and chondrocyte expression on the surface of their cartilage defects. In conclusion, ICA or BMSCs alone could repair rabbit knee cartilage damage, and combined treatment with ICA and BMSCs showed a better ability to repair rabbit knee cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tang
- Spinal Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Joint Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Spinal Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Joint Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Controlled Non-Viral Gene Delivery in Cartilage and Bone Repair: Current Strategies and Future Directions. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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MacDonald IJ, Liu SC, Su CM, Wang YH, Tsai CH, Tang CH. Implications of Angiogenesis Involvement in Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072012. [PMID: 29996499 PMCID: PMC6073145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is essential in the pathogenesis of joint inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), facilitating the invasion of inflammatory cells and increase in local pain receptors that contribute to structural damage and pain. The angiogenic process is perpetuated by various mediators such as growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), as well as proinflammatory cytokines, various chemokines, matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, proteases, and others. Despite the development of potent, well-tolerated nonbiologic (conventional) and biologic disease-modifying agents that have greatly improved outcomes for patients with RA, many remain resistant to these therapies, are only partial responders, or cannot tolerate biologics. The only approved therapies for OA include symptom-modifying agents, such as analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, and hyaluronic acid. None of the available treatments slow the disease progression, restore the original structure or enable a return to function of the damaged joint. Moreover, a number of safety concerns surround current therapies for RA and OA. New treatments are needed that not only target inflamed joints and control articular inflammation in RA and OA, but also selectively inhibit synovial angiogenesis, while preventing healthy tissue damage. This narrative review of the literature in PubMed focuses on the evidence illustrating the therapeutic benefits of modulating angiogenic activity in experimental RA and OA. This evidence points to new treatment targets in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona J MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Ming Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Osteochondral Angiogenesis and Promoted Vascularization: New Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:315-330. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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