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Christoffers S, Seiler L, Wiebe E, Blume C. Possibilities and efficiency of MSC co-transfection for gene therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:150. [PMID: 38783353 PMCID: PMC11119386 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are not only capable of self-renewal, trans-differentiation, homing to damaged tissue sites and immunomodulation by secretion of trophic factors but are also easy to isolate and expand. Because of these characteristics, they are used in numerous clinical trials for cell therapy including immune and neurological disorders, diabetes, bone and cartilage diseases and myocardial infarction. However, not all trials have successful outcomes, due to unfavourable microenvironmental factors and the heterogenous nature of MSCs. Therefore, genetic manipulation of MSCs can increase their prospect. Currently, most studies focus on single transfection with one gene. Even though the introduction of more than one gene increases the complexity, it also increases the effectivity as different mechanism are triggered, leading to a synergistic effect. In this review we focus on the methodology and efficiency of co-transfection, as well as the opportunities and pitfalls of these genetically engineered cells for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Christoffers
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lisa Seiler
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Wiebe
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Yabe M, Karakida T, Onuma K, Yamamoto R, Chiba-Ohkuma R, Asada S, Yamakoshi Y, Gomi K. Synergistic effect of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 on the mineralization of human umbilical cord perivascular cells. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105826. [PMID: 37898061 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are derived from the human umbilical cord perivascular tissue and are expected to replace mesenchymal stromal cells in the future. We investigated the synergistic effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) on HUCPVC mineralization. DESIGN We prepared HUCPVCs with (FGF(+)HUCPVCs) or without FGF-2 (FGF(-)HUCPVCs) in the presence of activated vitamin D3, a bone morphogenic protein inhibitor, and TGF-β1. We examined the cell proliferative capacity, expression of various hard tissue-forming cell gene markers, and mineralization induction ability and identified the crystalline phases of the mineralized nodules. RESULTS FGF(+)HUCPVCs exhibited higher intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression and ALP activity, and their cell proliferation rate was higher than that of FGF(-)HUCPVCs. The expression levels of osteoblast marker genes increased in FGF(+)HUCPVCs, whereas those of elastic fiber and muscle cell markers increased in FGF(-)HUCPVCs. The expression of genes related to matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization was increased in FGF(+)HUCPVCs. While FGF(-)HUCPVCs displayed myofibroblast-like properties and could not induce mineralization, FGF(+)HUCPVCs demonstrated the ability to produce mineralized nodules. The resulting mineralized nodules consisted of hydroxyapatite as the major phase and minor amounts of octacalcium phosphate. The mineralized nodules exhibited the morphological characteristics of bone hydroxyapatite, composed of fibrous hydroxyapatite nanorods and polycrystalline sheets. CONCLUSION We found that FGF-2 synergizes with TGF-β1 and is a key factor in the differentiation of HUCPVCs into osteoblast-like cells. Thus, HUCPVCs can potentially serve as a new stem cell source for future bone regeneration and dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Takeo Karakida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Onuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Risako Chiba-Ohkuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Sakurako Asada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
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Dorogin J, Hochstatter HB, Shepherd SO, Svendsen JE, Benz MA, Powers AC, Fear KM, Townsend JM, Prell JS, Hosseinzadeh P, Hettiaratchi MH. Moderate-Affinity Affibodies Modulate the Delivery and Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300793. [PMID: 37379021 PMCID: PMC10592408 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release can lead to off-target bone growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to identify unique BMP-2-specific protein binders known as affibodies that bind to BMP-2 with different affinities. Biolayer interferometry reveals an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10.7 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and high-affinity affibody and 34.8 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and the low-affinity affibody. The low-affinity affibody-BMP-2 interaction also exhibits an off-rate constant that is an order of magnitude higher. Computational modeling of affibody-BMP-2 binding predicts that the high- and low-affinity affibodies bind to two distinct sites on BMP-2 that function as different cell-receptor binding sites. BMP-2 binding to affibodies reduces expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in C2C12 myoblasts. Affibody-conjugated polyethylene glycol-maleimide hydrogels increase uptake of BMP-2 compared to affibody-free hydrogels, and high-affinity hydrogels exhibit lower BMP-2 release into serum compared to low-affinity hydrogels and affibody-free hydrogels over four weeks. Loading BMP-2 into affibody-conjugated hydrogels prolongs ALP activity of C2C12 myoblasts compared to soluble BMP-2. This work demonstrates that affibodies with different affinities can modulate BMP-2 delivery and activity, creating a promising approach for controlling BMP-2 delivery in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dorogin
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Henry B. Hochstatter
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon. 1320 E 15 Ave., Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Samantha O. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Justin E. Svendsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Morrhyssey A. Benz
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Andrew C. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Karly M. Fear
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Jakob M. Townsend
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - James S. Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Marian H. Hettiaratchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
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Lambi AG, Harris MY, Amin M, Joiner PG, Hilliard BA, Assari S, Popoff SN, Barbe MF. Blocking CCN2 Reduces Established Bone Loss Induced by Prolonged Intense Loading by Increasing Osteoblast Activity in Rats. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10783. [PMID: 37701153 PMCID: PMC10494513 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have an operant model of reaching and grasping in which detrimental bone remodeling is observed rather than beneficial adaptation when rats perform a high-repetition, high-force (HRHF) task long term. Here, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats performed an intense HRHF task for 18 weeks, which we have shown induces radial trabecular bone osteopenia. One cohort was euthanized at this point (to assay the bone changes post task; HRHF-Untreated). Two other cohorts were placed on 6 weeks of rest while being simultaneously treated with either an anti-CCN2 (FG-3019, 40 mg/kg body weight, ip; twice per week; HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2), or a control IgG (HRHF-Rest/IgG), with the purpose of determining which might improve the trabecular bone decline. Results were compared with food-restricted control rats (FRC). MicroCT analysis of distal metaphysis of radii showed decreased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and thickness in HRHF-Untreated rats compared with FRCs; responses improved with HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2. Rest/IgG also improved trabecular thickness but not BV/TV. Histomorphometry showed that rest with either treatment improved osteoid volume and task-induced increases in osteoclasts. Only the HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2 treatment improved osteoblast numbers, osteoid width, mineralization, and bone formation rate compared with HRHF-Untreated rats (as well as the latter three attributes compared with HRHF-Rest/IgG rats). Serum ELISA results were in support, showing increased osteocalcin and decreased CTX-1 in HRHF-Rest/anti-CCN2 rats compared with both HRHF-Untreated and HRHF-Rest/IgG rats. These results are highly encouraging for use of anti-CCN2 for therapeutic treatment of bone loss, such as that induced by chronic overuse. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Lambi
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Michele Y Harris
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Mamta Amin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Patrice G Joiner
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Brendan A Hilliard
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Steven N Popoff
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Tholen P, Brown CN, Keil C, Bayir A, Zeng HH, Haase H, Thompson RB, Lengyel I, Yücesan G. A 2,7-dichlorofluorescein derivative to monitor microcalcifications. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2022; 7:1415-1421. [PMID: 37927331 PMCID: PMC10624163 DOI: 10.1039/d2me00185c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the crystal structure of 2,7-dichlorofluorescein methyl ester (DCF-ME) and its fluorescence response to hydroxyapatite binding. The reported fluorophore is very selective for staining the bone matrix and provides turn-on fluorescence upon hydroxyapatite binding. The reported fluorophore can readily pass the cell membrane of the C2C12 cell line, and it is non-toxic for the cell line. The reported fluorophore DCF-ME may find applications in monitoring bone remodeling and microcalcification as an early diagnosis tool for breast cancer and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Tholen
- Institute for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Connor N Brown
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Claudia Keil
- Institute for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Bayir
- The Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hui-Hui Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Hajo Haase
- Institute for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard B Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gündoğ Yücesan
- Institute for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Abstract
Surface characteristics are an important factor for long-term clinical success of dental implants. Alterations of implant surface characteristics accelerate or improve osseointegration by interacting with the physiology of bone healing. Dental implant surfaces have been traditionally modified at the microlevel. Recently, researchers have actively investigated nano-modifications in dental implants. This review explores implant surface modifications that enhance biological response at the interface between a bone and the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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MiR-183 regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts in the development of osteoporosis by targeting Smad4. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151786. [PMID: 34509805 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect of miR-183 on osteoblast differentiation in the osteoporosis progression via targeting Smad4. METHODS Osteoporosis models were constructed on ovariectomized (OVX) mice to determine the expression of miR-183 and Smad4. Then, MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts were divided into Mock, miR-control, miR-183 mimic, miR-183 inhibitor, siSmad4 and miR-183 inhibitor + siSmad4 groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were performed to determine ALP activity, alizarin red staining to evaluate the calcium deposit, while qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of related molecules. Besides, MC3T3-E1 cells transfected with miR-control or miR-183 mimic were cultured with or without TGF-β1 to verify whether miR-183 regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway. RESULTS MiR-183 was up-regulated with decreased Smad4 in the femur of OVX mice, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that Smad4 was a target of miR-183. As compared to Mock group, MC3T3-E1 cells and primary osteoblasts in the miR-183 mimic group and siSmad4 group had significant reductions of OCN, OPN, Runx2 and Osx, as well as decreased ALP activity and calcium deposit. Contrarily, miR-183 and Smad4 were up-regulated and down-regulated respectively. However, cells in the miR-183 inhibitor group manifested the opposite changes. Besides, osteoblast differentiation in the miR-183 inhibitor + siSmad4 group was weakened evidently when compared to miR-183 inhibitor group. Pathway analysis indicated that miR-183 regulated osteogenic differentiation via TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSION MiR-183 was up-regulated in osteoporosis, and miR-183 overexpression can inhibit osteoblast differentiation by targetedly down-regulating TGF-β pathway member Smad4 to trigger osteoporosis.
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Mohd Zaffarin AS, Ng SF, Ng MH, Hassan H, Alias E. Nano-Hydroxyapatite as a Delivery System for Promoting Bone Regeneration In Vivo: A Systematic Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2569. [PMID: 34685010 PMCID: PMC8538947 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) has been widely used as an orthopedic biomaterial and vehicle for drug delivery owing to its chemical and structural similarity to bone minerals. Several studies have demonstrated that nHA based biomaterials have a potential effect for bone regeneration with very minimal to no toxicity or inflammatory response. This systematic review aims to provide an appraisal of the effectiveness of nHA as a delivery system for bone regeneration and whether the conjugation of proteins, antibiotics, or other bioactive molecules to the nHA further enhances osteogenesis in vivo. Out of 282 articles obtained from the literature search, only 14 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. These studies showed that nHA was able to induce bone regeneration in various animal models with large or critical-sized bone defects, open fracture, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis. The conjugations of drugs or bioactive molecules such as bone-morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vancomycin, calcitriol, dexamethasone, and cisplatin were able to enhance the osteogenic property of nHA. Thus, nHA is a promising delivery system for a variety of compounds in promoting bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Syauqina Mohd Zaffarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Shiow-Fern Ng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Haniza Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000, W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Bioactive Factors, and Scaffolds in Bone Repair: From Research Perspectives to Clinical Practice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081925. [PMID: 34440694 PMCID: PMC8392210 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are promising tools for bone tissue regeneration. However, tracking cells and maintaining them in the site of injury is difficult. A potential solution is to seed the cells onto a biocompatible scaffold. Construct development in bone tissue engineering is a complex step-by-step process with many variables to be optimized, such as stem cell source, osteogenic molecular factors, scaffold design, and an appropriate in vivo animal model. In this review, an MSC-based tissue engineering approach for bone repair is reported. Firstly, MSC role in bone formation and regeneration is detailed. Secondly, MSC-based bone tissue biomaterial design is analyzed from a research perspective. Finally, examples of animal preclinical and human clinical trials involving MSCs and scaffolds in bone repair are presented.
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11
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Hu Y, Zhao QW, Wang ZC, Fang QQ, Zhu H, Hong DS, Liang XG, Lou D, Tan WQ. Co-transfection with BMP2 and FGF2 via chitosan nanoparticles potentiates osteogenesis in human adipose-derived stromal cells in vitro. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521997679. [PMID: 33769121 PMCID: PMC8166400 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521997679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if co-transfection of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2, BMP2) and human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2, FGF2) via chitosan nanoparticles promotes osteogenesis in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant BMP2 and/or FGF2 expression vectors were constructed and packaged into chitosan nanoparticles. The chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by atomic force microscopy. Gene and protein expression levels of BMP-2 and FGF2 in ADSCs in vitro were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression were also evaluated by real-time PCR to assess osteogenesis. RESULTS The prepared chitosan nanoparticles were spherical with a relatively homogenous size distribution. The BMP2 and FGF2 vectors were successfully transfected into ADSCs. BMP-2 and FGF2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in the co-transfection group compared with the control group. OCN and BSP mRNA levels were also significantly increased in the co-transfection group compared with cells transfected with BMP2 or FGF2 alone, suggesting that co-transfection significantly enhanced osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Co-transfection of human ADSCs with BMP2/FGF2 via chitosan nanoparticles efficiently promotes the osteogenic properties of ADSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng-Cai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dong-Sheng Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xing-Guang Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dong Lou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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12
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González-González A, García-Sánchez D, Dotta M, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Pérez-Campo FM. Mesenchymal stem cells secretome: The cornerstone of cell-free regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1529-1552. [PMID: 33505599 PMCID: PMC7789121 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in clinical trials due to their easy isolation from various adult tissues, their ability of homing to injury sites and their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, the realization that the beneficial effect of MSCs relies mainly on their paracrine action, rather than on their engraftment in the recipient tissue and subsequent differentiation, has opened the way to cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. All the soluble factors and vesicles secreted by MSCs are commonly known as secretome. MSCs secretome has a key role in cell-to-cell communication and has been proven to be an active mediator of immune-modulation and regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of secretome has key advantages over cell-based therapies, such as a lower immunogenicity and easy production, handling and storage. Importantly, MSCs can be modulated to alter their secretome composition to better suit specific therapeutic goals, thus, opening a large number of possibilities. Altogether these advantages now place MSCs secretome at the center of an important number of investigations in different clinical contexts, enabling rapid scientific progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto González-González
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Monica Dotta
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - José C Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Flor M Pérez-Campo
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
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13
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Gromolak S, Krawczenko A, Antończyk A, Buczak K, Kiełbowicz Z, Klimczak A. Biological Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Ovine Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated with FGF-2 and BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9726. [PMID: 33419255 PMCID: PMC7766718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool in bone tissue engineering. Bone regeneration with MSCs involves a series of molecular processes leading to the activation of the osteoinductive cascade supported by bioactive factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). In this study, we examined the biological characteristics and osteogenic differentiation potential of sheep bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) treated with 20 ng/mL of FGF-2 and 100 ng/mL BMP-2 in vitro. The biological properties of osteogenic-induced BM-MSCs were investigated by assessing their morphology, proliferation, phenotype, and cytokine secretory profile. The osteogenic differentiation was characterized by Alizarin Red S staining, immunofluorescent staining of osteocalcin and collagen type I, and expression levels of genetic markers of osteogenesis. The results demonstrated that BM-MSCs treated with FGF-2 and BMP-2 maintained their primary MSC properties and improved their osteogenic differentiation capacity, as confirmed by increased expression of osteocalcin and collagen type I and upregulation of osteogenic-related gene markers BMP-2, Runx2, osterix, collagen type I, osteocalcin, and osteopontin. Furthermore, sheep BM-MSCs produced a variety of bioactive factors involved in osteogenesis, and supplementation of the culture medium with FGF-2 and BMP-2 affected the secretome profile of the cells. The results suggest that sheep osteogenic-induced BM-MSCs may be used as a cellular therapy to study bone repair in the preclinical large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gromolak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Krawczenko
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Antończyk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.A.); (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
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14
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Modifications of Dental Implant Surfaces at the Micro- and Nano-Level for Enhanced Osseointegration. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010089. [PMID: 31878016 PMCID: PMC6982017 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper describes several recent modification methods for biocompatible titanium dental implant surfaces. The micro-roughened surfaces reviewed in the literature are sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched, and anodically oxidized. These globally-used surfaces have been clinically investigated, showing survival rates higher than 95%. In the past, dental clinicians believed that eukaryotic cells for osteogenesis did not recognize the changes of the nanostructures of dental implant surfaces. However, research findings have recently shown that osteogenic cells respond to chemical and morphological changes at a nanoscale on the surfaces, including titanium dioxide nanotube arrangements, functional peptide coatings, fluoride treatments, calcium–phosphorus applications, and ultraviolet photofunctionalization. Some of the nano-level modifications have not yet been clinically evaluated. However, these modified dental implant surfaces at the nanoscale have shown excellent in vitro and in vivo results, and thus promising potential future clinical use.
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Quan H, Dai X, Liu M, Wu C, Wang D. Luteolin supports osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:229. [PMID: 31655580 PMCID: PMC6815369 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research revealed that luteolin could improve the activation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin in mouse osteoblasts. We aimed to determine the effect of luteolin on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Methods Cultured human PDLCs (HPDLCs) were treated by luteolin at 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L, Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor (XAV939, 5 μmol/L) alone or in combination with 1 μmol/L luteolin. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to ensure cells source. Cell activity and the ability of osteogenic differentiation in HPDLCs were determined by MTT, ALP and Alizarin Red S staining. Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System (qPCR) and Western blot were performed to measure the expressions of osteogenic differentiation-related genes such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins members cyclin D1 and β-catenin. Results Luteolin at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L promoted cell viability, ALP activity and increased calcified nodules content in HPDLCs. The expressions of BMP2, OCN, OSX, RUNX2, β-catenin and cyclin D1 were increased by luteolin at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol/L, noticeably, 1 μmol/L luteolin produced the strongest effects. In addition, XAV939 inhibited the expressions of calcification and osteogenic differentiation-related genes in HPDLCs, and 1 μmol/L luteolin availably decreased the inhibitory effect. Conclusion 1 μmol/L luteolin accelerated osteogenic differentiation of HPDLCs via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which could be clinically applied to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Quan
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Dai
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanjun Wu
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Economic & Technological Development Area Clinic, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, No. 11 Songshan Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China.
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Chitlac-coated Thermosets Enhance Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in a Co-culture of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070928. [PMID: 31252684 PMCID: PMC6669739 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a population of stem cells which could be useful in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. They are part of the periendothelial niche, where their crosstalk with endothelial cells is crucial in the cellular response to biomaterials used for dental restorations. DPSCs and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926 were co-cultured in the presence of Chitlac-coated thermosets in culture conditions inducing, in turn, osteogenic or angiogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl-]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. DPSC differentiation was assessed by measuring Alkaline Phosphtase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining, while the formation of new vessels was monitored by optical microscopy. The IL-6 and PGE2 production was evaluated as well. When cultured together, the proliferation is increased, as is the DPSC osteogenic differentiation and EA.hy926 vessel formation. The presence of thermosets appears either not to disturb the system balance or even to improve the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation. Chitlac-coated thermosets confirm their biocompatibility in the present co-culture model, being capable of improving the differentiation of both cell types. Furthermore, the assessed co-culture appears to be a useful tool to investigate cell response toward newly synthesized or commercially available biomaterials, as well as to evaluate their engraftment potential in restorative dentistry.
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Ju C, Lv Z, Zhang C, Jiao Y. Regulatory effect of miR-421 on humeral fracture and heterotopic ossification in elderly patients. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1903-1911. [PMID: 30783467 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-421 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the bone tissues and blood of elderly patients with humeral fractures and heterotopic ossification. A total of 38 patients with humeral fractures, including 16 patients who received surgery within 1-7 days of fracture and 22 patients who received surgery within 8-14 days of fracture, were enrolled. An additional 18 patients who had heterotopic ossification and 26 patients who had humeral fracture and not heterotopic ossification were also included. Bone tissues and blood were collected. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the miR-421 and BMP-2 mRNA expression levels in the samples. Western blotting and ELISA were performed to detect BMP-2 protein levels in bone tissues and blood, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify whether BMP-2 is the direct target gene of miR-421. Compared with the patients who received surgery 1-7 days after fracture, the patients who accepted the surgery 8-14 days after fracture had significantly increased levels of BMP-2 mRNA and protein in their bone tissues and blood (P<0.05). Contrastingly, the expression level of miR-421 decreased in the samples from patients who accepted the surgery 8-14 days after fracture compared with the level in those who received surgery 1-7 days after fracture (P<0.05). Compared with the patients without heterotopic ossification, the patients with heterotopic ossification had increased BMP-2 mRNA and protein expression levels in their bone tissues and blood, whereas the expression of miR-421 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that BMP-2 was the direct target gene of miR-421. The upregulation of BMP-2 may be associated with the downregulation of miR-421. miR-421 may regulate the recovery of humeral fracture and heterotopic ossification through BMP-2. The results of the present study may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of humeral fracture and heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Ju
- Department of Health Care for The Elderly, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Lv
- Department of Nursing, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Overexpression of miR-182 inhibits ossification of ligamentum flavum cells by targeting NAMPT. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:119-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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