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Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C. A Review of Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Is There Any Potential? FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:832976. [PMID: 35098213 PMCID: PMC8795861 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.832976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial defense is an essential component of host-microbial homeostasis and contributes substantially to oral health maintenance. Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and play an important role in various processes like regeneration and disease progression. Recent studies show that dental MSCs might also be involved in antibacterial defense. This occurs by producing antimicrobial peptides or attracting professional phagocytic immune cells and modulating their activity. The production of antimicrobial peptides and immunomodulatory abilities of dental MSCs are enhanced by an inflammatory environment and influenced by vitamin D3. Antimicrobial peptides also have anti-inflammatory effects in dental MSCs and improve their differentiation potential. Augmentation of antibacterial efficiency of dental MSCs could broaden their clinical application in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhou J, Li L, Cui D, Xie X, Yang W, Yan F. Effects of gold nanoparticles combined with human β-defensin 3 on the alveolar bone loss of periodontitis in rat. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:115. [PMID: 34819109 PMCID: PMC8611896 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomaterials of biomedicine and tissue engineering have been proposed for the treatment of periodontitis in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) combined with human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) on the repair of the alveolar bones of experimental periodontitis in rats. METHODS A model of experimental periodontitis was established by ligation of the maxillary second molars with silk thread in rats, which were treated with or without AuNPs combined with hBD3. Micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) scanning, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histological and immunohistochemical staining, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), were used to analyze the samples. RESULTS Micro-CT demonstrated that the alveolar bone resorption was significantly reduced after the treatment with AuNPs combined with hBD3. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased markedly compared with the ligation group. H&E and Masson staining showed that AuNPs combined with hBD3 group had less inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fibrosis and fracture, but higher calcification in the new bone tissue. Moreover, the administration of AuNPs combined with hBD3 increased the expression levels of ALP and OPG (related to bone formation) while decreasing the expression levels of TRAP and RANKL (related to bone resorption) expression. CONCLUSIONS AuNPs combined with hBD3 had a protective effect on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats and played a certain role in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and alleviating the inflammatory destruction of periodontitis along with the promotion of bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Cui
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang L, Mi J, Sun B, Yang G, Liu S, Chen M, Yu L, Pan J, Liu Y. Role of transient receptor potential channel 6 in the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108134. [PMID: 34547679 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is a receptor-operated Ca2+ channel that plays an important role in Ca2+ influx in the majority of non-excitable cells and influences calcium signalling and cellular responses. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to gain insight into the role of TRPC6 in the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). By western blot and immunohistochemical staining, the protein level of TRPC6 was found to be increased in a time-dependent manner during osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs. In addition, the TRPC6 inhibitor SKF96365 was used to block the function of TRPC6 and inhibit osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs. The TRPC6 activator hyperforin dicyclohexylammonium salt (hyperforin DCHA) was used to activate TRPC6 and promote osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs. In vivo, wild-type mice showed better bone regeneration than TRPC6-/- mice, suggesting that TRPC6 has notable osteogenic induction properties and is important for bone defect repair. In conclusion, the current data demonstrated that TRPC6 plays a significant role in osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target in osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Dental Department, Shanghai 1st People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Mi
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjing Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfen Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Mangione F, Salmon B, EzEldeen M, Jacobs R, Chaussain C, Vital S. Characteristics of Large Animal Models for Current Cell-Based Oral Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:489-505. [PMID: 33882717 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in the field of cell-based therapeutics open promising perspectives for oral tissue regeneration. The development of large animal models, which overcome the limits of the rodent models and allow to emulate clinical situations, is crucial for the validation of regenerative strategies to move toward clinical application. Currently, porcine, canine, and ovine models are mainly developed for oral regeneration and their specific characteristics have an impact on the outcomes of the studies. Thus, this systematic review investigates the application of porcine, canine, and ovine models in present cell-based oral regeneration, according to the species characteristics and the targeted tissue to regenerate. A customized search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2015 to March 2020 was conducted. Relevant articles about cell-based oral tissues engineering in porcine, canine, and ovine models were evaluated. Among the evaluated articles, 58 relevant studies about cell-based oral regeneration in porcine, canine, and ovine models matched the eligibility criteria and were selected for full analysis. Porcine models, the most similar species with humans, were mostly used for bone and periodontium regeneration; tooth regeneration was reported only in pig, except for one study in dog. Canine models were the most transversal models, successfully involved for all oral tissue regeneration and notably in implantology. However, differences with humans and ethical concerns affect the use of these models. Ovine models, alternative to porcine and canine ones, were mainly used for bone and, scarcely, periodontium regeneration. The anatomy and physiology of these animals restrain their involvement. If consistency was found in defect specificities and cell trends among different species animal models of bone, dentin-pulp complex, or tooth regeneration, variability appeared in periodontium. Regeneration assessment methods were more elaborate in porcines and canines than in ovines. Risk of bias was low for selection, attrition and reporting, but unclear for performance and detection. Overall, if none of the large animal models can be considered an ideal one, they are of deemed importance for oral cell-based tissue engineering and researchers should consider their relevance to establish favorable conditions for a given preclinical cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mangione
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,Bretonneau Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Filière OSCAR, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sibylle Vital
- URP 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Life Imaging Platform (PIV), UFR Odontology, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Colombes, France
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Jiang Z, Li N, Zhu D, Ren L, Shao Q, Yu K, Yang G. Genetically modified cell sheets in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120908. [PMID: 34119885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified cell sheet technology is emerging as a promising biomedical tool to deliver therapeutic genes for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Virus-based gene transfection and non-viral gene transfection have been used to fabricate genetically modified cell sheets. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown various beneficial effects of genetically modified cell sheets in the regeneration of bone, periodontal tissue, cartilage and nerves, as well as the amelioration of dental implant osseointegration, myocardial infarction, skeletal muscle ischemia and kidney injury. Furthermore, this technology provides a potential treatment option for various hereditary diseases. However, the method has several limitations, such as safety concerns and difficulties in controlling transgene expression. Therefore, recent studies explored efficient and safe gene transfection methods, prolonged and controllable transgene expression and their potential application in personalized and precision medicine. This review summarizes various types of genetically modified cell sheets, preparation procedures, therapeutic applications and possible improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Na Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Lingfei Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Qin Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Ke Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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Jiang Y, Liu JM, Huang JP, Lu KX, Sun WL, Tan JY, Li BX, Chen LL, Wu YM. Regeneration potential of decellularized periodontal ligament cell sheets combined with 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 nanoparticles in a rat periodontal defect. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:045008. [PMID: 33793422 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abee61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of attachment and destruction of the periodontium. Decellularized sheet, as an advanced tissue regeneration engineering biomaterial, has been researched and applied in many fields, but its effects on periodontal regeneration remain unclear. In this study, the biological properties of decellularized human periodontal ligament cell (dHPDLC) sheets were evaluated in vitro. Polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GE) nanofibers were fabricated as a carrier to enhance the mechanical strength of the dHPDLC sheet. 15-deoxy-[Formula: see text]-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) nanoparticles were added for anti-inflammation and regeneration improvement. For in vivo analysis, dHPDLC sheets combined with 15d-PGJ2 nanoparticles, with or without PCL/GE, were implanted into rat periodontal defects. The periodontal regeneration effects were identified by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological staining, and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that DNA content was reduced by 96.6%. The hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor were preserved but reduced. The expressions or distribution of collagen I and fibronectin were similar in dHPDLC and nondecellularized cell sheets. The dHPDLC sheets maintained the intact structure of the extracellular matrix. It could be recellularized by allogeneic human periodontal stem ligament cells and retain osteoinductive potential. Newly formed bone, cementum, and PDL were observed in dHPDLC sheets combined with 15d-PGJ2 groups, with or without PCL/GE nanofibers, for four weeks post-operation in vivo. Bringing together all these points, this new construct of dHPDLC sheets can be a potential candidate for periodontal regeneration in an inflammatory environment of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Human β-defensin 3 gene modification promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells and bone repair in periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:13. [PMID: 32350241 PMCID: PMC7190824 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to control inflammation and achieve better tissue repair in the treatment of periodontitis have been ongoing for years. Human β-defensin 3, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide has been proven to have a variety of biological functions in periodontitis; however, relatively few reports have addressed the effects of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) on osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the osteogenic effects of hPDLCs with an adenoviral vector encoding human β-defensin 3 in an inflammatory microenvironment. Then human β-defensin 3 gene-modified rat periodontal ligament cells were transplanted into rats with experimental periodontitis to observe their effects on periodontal bone repair. We found that the human β-defensin 3 gene-modified hPDLCs presented with high levels of osteogenesis-related gene expression and calcium deposition. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK pathway was activated in this process. In vivo, human β-defensin 3 gene-transfected rat PDLCs promoted bone repair in SD rats with periodontitis, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway might also have been involved. These findings demonstrate that human β-defensin 3 accelerates osteogenesis and that human β-defensin 3 gene modification may offer a potential approach to promote bone repair in patients with periodontitis.
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Liu F, Wang X, Zheng B, Li D, Chen C, Lee IS, Zhong J, Li D, Liu Y. USF2 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs by promoting ATF4 transcriptional activities. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:68-76. [PMID: 31448831 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to elucidate the regulatory molecules related to the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament cells are a favorable source for cell-based therapy in periodontal bone engineering and regeneration due to their potential multilineage differentiation ability. However, the molecular mechanism and signaling pathways related to the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs are still unclear. METHODS Osteoblast-specific protein expression levels were examined by ELISA in osteogenic-induced PDLCs (induced-PDLC group). A microarray assay and a bioinformatics analysis were carried out to reveal significantly expressed genes and the related pathways in induced-PDLCs, and these findings were then confirmed by qRT-PCR and a luciferase reporter assay. Finally, overexpressing and silencing gene systems were established to identify the specific transcriptional relationship and function of the target genes on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. RESULTS Osteogenically differentiated PDLCs with high levels of osteoblast-specific proteins were established. The upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) mRNA levels were upregulated the most through the MAPK signaling pathway in the induced-PDLC group. USF2 could bind to the transcriptional initiation region of ATF4 and regulate its transcriptional activities. Additionally, the overexpression of USF2 promoted osteoblast-specific gene expression and the Alizarin red staining of PDLCs, while simultaneously overexpressing USF2 and silencing ATF4 reversed the favorable osteogenic effect of the induced-PDLCs by reducing osteoblast-specific gene expression and the Alizarin red staining level. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that USF2 could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs by regulating ATF4 transcriptional activities, which provides a new strategy to utilize USF2 and ATF4 as potential target molecules for periodontal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - In-Seop Lee
- Institute of Natural Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jialin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Melittin on Porphyromonas Gingivalis LPS-Stimulated Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020332. [PMID: 29401750 PMCID: PMC6017529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that contributes to the destruction of the gingiva. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) can cause periodontitis via its pathogenic lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Melittin, a major component of bee venom, is known to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the role of melittin in the inflammatory response has not been elucidated in periodontitis-like human keratinocytes. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of melittin on a P. gingivalis LPS (PgLPS)-treated HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. The cytotoxicity of melittin was measured using a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and a Cell Counting Kit-8. The effect of melittin on PgLPS-induced inflammation was determined with Western blot, real-time quantitative PCT, and immunofluorescence. PgLPS increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Moreover, PgLPS induced activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B/Akt. Melittin also inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, ERK, and Akt. Melittin attenuates the PgLPS-induced inflammatory response and could therefore be applied in the treatment of periodontitis for anti-inflammatory effects.
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